Abbess. …

(a) The superior of a convent of monks having the status of an abbey; (b) = abba, q.v. …

(a) Anything given to relieve those in poverty or distress, any charitable gift or offering, alms; an allotment of alms; eten almes, be dependent on alms; gan on almes, liven bi, of almes, live on……

Aloe: (a) the tree; (b) the juice or resin of the tree, aloes; (c) med. the drug aloes; aloe caballinum (cicotrine, epatik). …

A recluse. …

A musical composition based upon a scriptural text, sung in the Church Offices before each psalm and often repeated after the psalm, or after each verse of the psalm [see Karl Young, The Drama of the……

Antidote, or an herb used as an antidote; also the name of certain medicinal plants [see quots.]. …

(a) An ecclesiastical vestment (usually of white linen) reaching to the ankles, an alb; also, the Greek poderis, the Hebrew ephod; (b) aube girdel, girdle used to gather the alb at the waist. …

Vervain Verbena officinalis; berbene lef. …

One who makes announcements or carries messages and performs other services on the authority of a lord, court, guild, etc.; herald, town crier, summoner; bidel hod, a beadle's hood; bidel land (a……

(a) To put (sb.) to death by severing the head, decapitate, behead; (b) to remove the head (of an insect). …

(a) A rod or stake (for 'binding' the withes in wattle; = binding ger., sense 1b.(c)); (b) naut. a plank nailed to the outer side of a ship providing structural integrity as well as acting as a……

(a) To commit (sth.) to writing, write down; breved in boke, recorded or recounted in writing; (b) to give a (written) account (of sth., sb.); (c) to extol (sb.). …

The island on which England, Cornwall, Wales, and Scotland are (or were) situated, or those parts of the island held by Celts after the Anglo-Saxon conquest; also, specif., Wales, Cornwall; Britaine……

(a) Water in which meat or fish has been boiled, juice, broth; (b) in broth, served in its own juice; pot broth, broth with various added ingredients; ballok broth, flesh broth, ro broth; (c) water in……

(a) A woods, grove; thicket, underbrush; bank and bush, hill and (wooded) dale; under the bush, in (the shelter of) the woods; (b) rank growth. …

Mil. A device with sharp iron spikes set on the ground to cripple the feet of an advancing enemy; similar device used against trespassers, etc.; fig. a spiritual trap or pitfall. …

(a) A headdress, a hat; esp., a small head covering worn under the hood; (b) a priest's close-fitting cap, the coif covering the tonsure; also, any kind of head covering for ecclesiastics; (c) a……

(a) A paper, a treatise; bi carte, according to the written recipe; (b) a charter, a deed; (c) carte loft, ?a chamber where deeds are written or kept. …

(a) Cabbage, kale, colwort, rape, mustard, or some other plant of the genus Brassica; also, any cultivated leafy vegetable, garden greens, pot-herbs; (b) wilde caul, wild mustard, charlock. …

The greater celandine (Chelidonium majus); also, any of its parts used medicinally. …

Coriander. …

Chervil Anthriscus cerefolium, used as a pot-herb and in medicaments. …

(a) The male of the common domestic fowl: cock, rooster; cok chike(n, ?a young cock; cok tord, a cock's excrement; (b) the male of other birds; culver cok; fesaunt cok; mor cok (q.v.); po cok (q.v.)……

(a) A cross for crucifixion, a gibbet; (b) the cross of Christ; holi cros; Exaltacioun of the cros, a feast, Sept. 14; feste of the holi cros, feast of the Invention of the Cross, May 3; (c) winnen……

A garden herb of the mint family: marjoram, thyme, or savory. …

(a) The Danes or Northmen; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.127 & 129]. …

Arable land, tilled or untilled, lying idle; a fallow. …

(a) Mortal enmity, hostility, hostile conspiracy; revengeful spirit, homicide committed in revenge; (b) a mortal enemy; one of the three enemies of mankind (i.e. the flesh, the world, the Devil). …

(a) Fennel Foeniculum vulgare; rot (more) of fenel, etc.; red (rouge, brown) fenel, a variety of fennel with brown seeds, ?German or Saxon fennel; (b) when qualified, denoting other plants: hound……

(a) The Phoenix [see the Barth. quots.]; also a representation of it; (b) said of a woman of unique beauty; applied to the Virgin Mary; (c) said to be the name of a long-lived palm tree. …

(a) A cask or keg; (b) a case (for clothing). …

Frisia [in some quots. confused with Phrygia]. …

(a) Tribute; a tax, subsidy; (b) manorial or customary rent; ?also, a field rented for a customary service or payment; setten to gavel, to let (property) out to rent; (c) in combs: burgable, ?a tax on……

(a) An association of dues-paying members, organized for charitable, religious, or political purposes; a fraternity, guild; (b) an association of craftsmen or tradesmen, a craft guild. …

(a) The root of the plant Zingiber officinale or of a related species, ginger; poudre (of) gingivere, finely ground ginger; race (rote) of gingivere, a root of ginger; (b) grene gingivere, gingivere……

Some kind of customary rent; ? = hǒus-gā̆vel. …

The European hake (Merluccius merluccius); hake hed, the head of a hake; not worthi a hake, not worth much. …

(a) A fastening for a door, gate, chest, etc.; a hasp; up bi the hasp, unfastened, unlatched; barre and hasp, stapel and hasp; (b) a fastening for a garment or a helmet; ?a buckle, ?a lace; (c) a hank……

A retainer, young courtier; ?also coll.: retainers. …

(a) A coat of mail; also, plate armor or a coat of mail reinforced with plates; -- sometimes used interchangeably with habergeoun; (b) chain mail worn over a hair shirt as a form of penance; (c) fig.……

A rent fixed by the number of horned cattle; cornage. …

(a) A song of praise to God or the saints; hymn, psalm; also, a canticle; (b) in Christian liturgy: a (Latin) metrical hymn of the breviary, usually of non-scriptural origin, as distinguished from……

(a) Lammas, Aug. 1; the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula; also, one of the quarter days [cp. lammasse dai]; ?also, the time of year about Lammas; to the lammasse, at Lammas; (b) in surnames. …

(a) A toll paid for the privilege of loading a ship; ?also, the right to collect this toll; (b) the right to load a ship where one pleases; -- in AF legal glossaries only. …

(a) A long, thin strip of wood used in building; esp. such a strip nailed to rafters to form a support for shingles, tiles, or slates; ?also, a pole, stake; ?also, a shingle; hart lat, q.v.; (b) a……

Border, edge, rim; hem; band, stripe. …

A money of the value of thirty pence. …

Eccl. To put (sb.) to death as a martyr, make a martyr of (sb.); torture and execute (sb.) for professing the Christian faith. …

(a) Spot, mark; blemish; (b) pl. the strands or cords of a net; also, the openings between the strands or cords of a net; (c) gise of maskel, ?lozenge shaped. …

Wergild paid on behalf of a kinsman. …

(a) Mercia, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom; (b) pl. the Mercians; also, the inhabitants of the English Midlands in ME times; (c) merkene marche (riche), the OE Mercian kingdom; (d) in place name [see Smith P……

(a) The celebration or occasion of the Eucharistic service; also, an instance of the celebration of this service; messe of the dai, the regular mass celebrated on any given day as specified by the……

A prostitute. …

(a) Dust, ashes, dirt, trash; (b) fig. earthly goods or happiness; mortal flesh; (c) mol rein, a light rain, drizzle. …

(a) Deliberate killing of a human being, murder; morther of self, soule morther, spiritual suicide or death; (b) in prov. sayings: morther wil out, etc.; (c) a massacre; (d) crime, outrage; injury or……

(a) To kill (sb.) deliberately; murder (sb.), assassinate; put (sb.) to death unjustly; mortheren for ever, mortheren to deth, kill (sb.) utterly; (b) refl. to commit suicide; torment oneself to death……

(a) A murderer, an assassin; also fig.; mortherer of self, self-murderer, a suicide; man (mannes, men) mortherer, a slayer of men, a murderer; (b) a traitor; (c) a killer; (d) fig. a quack doctor. …

(a) Moss, or a similar cryptogamous plant; ?also, hairiness, ?dirt [quot.: Pilgr.LM]; (b) mos crop, ?cotton grass; ?a moor flower; mos (be) growen, grown over with moss; grene mos, moss; whit mos……

(a) A mule; (b) barain (hep) of mules, a herd or group of mules; mul of spaine, one of the best mules, a Spanish mule; mul flesh, mule meat; mul grom (herde, man, ward), a mulekeeper, servant who……

(a) Catnip, catmint (Nepeta cataria), often used in cooking or in medecines; nept roial; (b) ?one of various plants (including Teucrium chamædrys, Arum colocasia, and Asarum europeæum). …

(a) The common osier (Salix viminalis) or another species of the genus Salix; (b) a withy, switch; a switch of osier; (c) the wild olive tree; (d) ?in place name. …

Military service away from home owed to the crown. …

(a) One of several plants belonging to the parsley family; esp. the common or garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum); (b) wilde perseli, one of several uncultivated plants allied to common parsley……

A European herb (Petroselinum crispum), parsley. …

(a) To rob, steal; rob (sb.), steal from (sb.); rifle (sb.) [1st quot.], despoil (the dead); (b) to take (sth.) by robbery; (c) to defraud (sb.), cheat. …

(a) To thrust, push, strike; thrust in [quot.: c1330(?a1300)]; strike (sb. or sth.), strike down; push away; of the wind: buffet (sth.); pilten on, beat (sb.); pilten with wo, afflict (sb.) with woe……

(a) A pear tree; piri tre; (b) in surnames; (c) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.65]. …

Med. (a) A plaster, poultice, or compress made from herbs, meal, or other substance, often applied on a cloth to the affected area, for a variety of medicinal purposes; (b) hot plastre, plastre……

To cover (sth.) with a layer of metal or with mail; harneis plated, armored gear, armor. …

(a) The first division of the day, from 6 to 9 A.M.; a time at the beginning or end of that period; the hour of sunrise; also, the second hour after sunrise [quot.: (?1440)]; (b) prim of the dai, prim……

(a) The head or deputy head of a monastery or a house of mendicants, a prior; also, the head of a house of canons; (b) abbotes and (or) prioures; prioures chapele (cloistre); priour and brether,……

(a) One of the Psalms of the Book of Psalms; (b) seien Psalm, to sing a Psalm; also, recite a Psalm; seiere of psalmes, a singer of Psalms; singen Psalm, sing a Psalm; praise (God) with a Psalm; don……

To sing Psalms or songs, sing praise (to God) in Psalms; praise (sth.) with Psalms; psalmed writes, writings composed as Psalms, the Psalter. …

(a) A bag, sack, or pouch, usually of cloth or leather; also, a container for receiving offerings made to an idol [quot.: Jos.Arim.]; also fig.; red purs, a bag of wisdom, one's store of good ideas……

(a) A rat; rat trappe; rattes bait; (b) in surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem.2.79]. …

(a) The river Rhine; also, the Rhineland; win of (the) Rine, Rhine wine; (b) Rhine wine. …

(a) Rock; a rock, stone, esp. a large rock or rocky outcropping; (b) a large rock or crag along the seacoast or in the sea; (c) a rocky outcropping on a mountain, cliff, precipice; rok side; (d) a……

(a) The main hall of a palace, castle, or mansion; also, a heavenly hall; in sal; (b) the persons present in the hall; (c) a room, chamber; a dwelling; (d) a tent; (e) used fig.; (f) ?a set of……

(a) Samson, the name of a biblical Hebrew hero, often used with allusion to his great strength; also, used to imitate drunken snoring [quot.: CT.Pard.]; (b) as surname. …

(a) A Turk; also, an Arab; also, a Moslem; -- often with ref. to the Crusades; Sarasin hed, the head of a Saracen; (b) a heathen, pagan; an infidel; (c) as a type of non-Christian; Sarasin or jeu, jeu……

Savory Satureia hortensis. …

A sleeveless garment usu. worn by religious, scapular; ?also, a body belt. …

A purse bearer. …

(a) A student, learner; also, a reader [quot.: Wycl.Blasph.]; (b) a pupil at a school, schoolboy; (c) a student of a particular teacher; also fig.; (d) a student at a university or center for higher……

(a) A scrofulous growth or lump; ?also, sg. & pl. scrofula; (b) as adj.: scrofulous. …

To allot or distribute (sth.). …

(a) A room or building used as a place of business by a victualer, craftsman, etc.; also fig.; boueres (corveiseres, etc.) shop; open shop, a shop open to the public; also fig.; spice shop; (b) shop……

A plant of the mustard family (Cruciferae), prob. of the genus Brassica or Eruca [1st quot.]; the seed of this plant used medicinally; sinapie sed. …

A precious stone, green in color, esp. an emerald; also, emerald; smaragd ston. …

A plant, perh. the common marigold Calendula officinalis or a kind of nightshade Solanum. …

(a) The sole of the human foot; also, the under surface of an animal's hoof; fot sole; (b) a sole of a (the, his) sole, the sole of the fot, the sole of his (thi) fet, the soles of the (his, here)……

(a) An upper chamber or a set of rooms in a dwelling place; also, a loft, garret; heigh soler; soler flor, the floor of an upper apartment or story; (b) an upper chamber in a church or church steeple……

(a) To urge (sb. to do sth.), invite, call upon; order (sb. to do sth.); -- also with that clause; ben somned, be called upon (to do sth.), be obliged; ben somned to, be invited to (a feast); (b) ?to……

(a) A fool, simpleton; a madman; also, an innocent [quot. a1500]; sottes iferen, fellow fools; siti sot, q.v.; (b) a wretch, rascal, villain; (c) as a term of abuse; (d) in proverbs; (e) ?as surname. …

(a) Stupid, foolish [some exx. could be construed as sot n.(1)]; (b) ?in surname. …

(a) A female swine, sow; soue swin, swin soue; soue blod (flesh, milk, pappe, tail); (b) a representation of a sow in sculpture; (c) fig. as a symbol of gluttony; (d) soues thistel, = soue-thistel n……

A kind of venomous spider. …

(a) A piece of timber used in building; a rafter, beam; a board; -- also coll.; firre sparre; hilinge of sparres, a roof; joininge of sparres, a roof or building; maister sparre, a main beam or……

An ingredient used in a remedy for vomiting: ?asphalt; ?balsam. …