Middle English Dictionary Entry
mō̆rtheren v.
Entry Info
Forms | mō̆rtheren v. Also morther(e, morthre, morthri, murther(e(n, murthre(n, murthrie, mourthre, mirthren, mirther & morderen, mordre(n, morder, murder, murdre, moerdre. Forms: sg.3 morthereth, etc. & (error) morþrerþ; p. mortherde, etc. & mortheret, murthert, mirtherret, (error) murþerhed; ppl. morthered, etc. & i)morthred, i)murthred, murtheret, imurthret, i)mordred, i)murdred, (error) motheryd. |
Etymology | OE āmyrþrian, for-, of- & OF mordrir, murdrir & ML murthurāre. Forms also influenced by morther n.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To kill (sb.) deliberately; murder (sb.), assassinate; put (sb.) to death unjustly; ~ for ever, ~ to deth, kill (sb.) utterly; (b) refl. to commit suicide; torment oneself to death [quot.: (?c1421)]; (c) to slaughter (people), massacre, kill wantonly or cruelly; (d) fig. to destroy (the soul); squander (one's possessions); torment (sb.) by love or grief to the point of death.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8453 : Arrchelauss munnde..mirrþrenn þeȝȝre child, Ȝiff þatt he mihhte himm findenn.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)124/3 : Ȝef þu herdest seggen þet mon þet te is leouest were..islein oþer imurðret [Nero: imurðred]..þulliche þohtes..wrencheð ut sonre fleschliche temptatiuns.
- c1300 SLeg.Judas (Hrl 2277)21 : Hi nuste what hem was to done, þo þat child was ibore; Loþ hem was to murþrie [vr. morþry] here flesch and here blod, And loþ a bern to norischie so liþer and vngod.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)115/159 : For gret deol he hadde inis herte þat he was ymorþred so.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2347 : Þouhȝ þei murþer me þanne, i no make no strengþe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4415 : Thise homycides..That in awayt liggen to mordre [vrr. murdre, morther, murþre, morderen] men.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.578 : What seye we eek of wommen that mordren [vr. morderyn] hir children for drede of worldly shame? certes, an horrible homycide.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1935 : He gan..to drede..if this false Egiste Upon him come..To take and moerdre..This child.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1382 : Thou schalt be ded..Thou schalt be moerdred in this stede.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)156 : If the forseid lordis and comouns..holde hem in prisoun..othir murthere hem priuili, I drede soore that at the dai of doom men of Sodom..shulen haue lesse turment, than the..lordis and comouns of oure rewme.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.725 : He..Hath mordred [vrr. morþered, murdred, morthrid, morderyd] bothe his children pryuely.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1116 : He will þat he bii þe vttrage, þat murþerhed [Frf: mirþerret; Göt: murtherrt; Trin-C: murþereþ] sua is ane ymage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4130 : I rede noght yee your broþer sla..To murþer [Frf: mirþer; Göt: murder] him it es not god.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19716 : Þair redes..can þai run..to wait þe time Quen þai moght cum to murther [Göt: murder; Phys-E: murþir] him.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.42 : He maynteniþ his men to murþre [vrr. murþur, morthore, mortheryn, murdre, mordre, mordren; sle] myne hynen.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.84 : I dar non harm don hym, Ac hadde I maistrie & miȝt I wolde murdre [vrr. mordred, morthere, murthre, mourþre, mortheryn, I Morþerde] hym for euere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.278 : Who morthereth [C: morþereþ; vrr. murþreþ, morþreþ, morþrerþ; formoþureth] a good man..He fordoth þe leuest lyȝte þat owre lorde loueth.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5523 : Þei drad, whan it drow to nyȝt, To be mordrid of comouns of þe toun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.276 : Þis worþi Aiax in his bed vp-riȝt I-mordrid was..On pecis hewe with many mortal wounde.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)23/254 : For he so murthird þat haly man, Al quik þai said he suld be brinde.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)71/8 : When Machomete wakned and fand þe hermyte deed..he said þai had murtherd him amang þam.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)11 : Þei..putten hem in prison, and sumtyme morþere hem aȝenst goddis lawe.
- (1439) RParl.5.16b : They can nat be take to be justefied by the lawe, but ryde and gone as outelawes, waitynge a tyme to murdre, sclee, and other grete harmes in that contray to do.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)342 : Morderyd: Sicariatus. Moorderyn, or prively kyllyn: Sicario.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)976 : He hade morthirede this mylde..He slewe hir vnslely and slitt hir to þe nauyll.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)53/31 : It es na comforthe ne lykyng till ane Emperour to fynd an oþer Emperour murthered wit his awen men.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Sudden FPD (Trin-C R.3.20)7 : He was..In prisoun murdred with a broche in his foundament.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Sudden FPD (Trin-C R.3.20)28 : His cosin..was ful fayene Þat he in Parys was murdred and foule slayne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5310 : His barons wiþ treson dide hym deye, Bot Greffes hym mordred for enuye.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3118 : Whan he a man y-murdred haþ and slawe, A man to sle by lawe, it is lisible.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)429/90 : But take we entent How þei mourthered þat man þat we of mene.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)897 : In Rome Nero haþ now mychel noye wroȝt..His modir & his my[l]de wif murdred [vrr. morthirrede, mordered] to deþe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12763 : Kyng Taltill..send hym full sone to a sure frynd..lest the derfe qwene Mortheret hym with malice in the meane tyme.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.158 : Thow schalt be vndercaste Of thy suggettes whiche þat [mowe]..The mortheren [vrr. murder, mordren, murþer] or destroyen atte laste.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14996 : Þou wott I wroght neuer swylke wrang to murther [vr. murdre] noþer man ne wyfe.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)88/24 : By treson she made murdre [F murdrir] the saide Nabot.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)138/19 : He foryaue hem that had murdred [F occis] and slayne his fader.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)208/1771 : Monaly..Herith telle of þis tydyng, How achilles..Was Imordred in þe town.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)94 : We..turne aȝeyne to our tale, towarde þese chylderen And to þe man..þat murther hem sholde.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)46 : Aungiers wolde haue morderid [F meurdrir] thi brother in his teinte.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)401 : He was departed oute of the reame..with thre knyves wher-with he wolde haue morthered in treson..his brother.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8124 : He badd himm brinngenn ænne cnif..& he þa toc itt sone..& wollde himm sellfenn mirrþrenn.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3414 : Adrastus..gan hym forto tech That so to sorowe avaylle may right nought, To mordre hym-silf with his owne thouht.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1536 : He hadde lever hymself to morder, and dye, Than that men shulde a lovere hym espye.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)724 : Thogh..ye for sorwe mordred yourselve, Ye sholde be dampned.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)291 : For thus ferforth have I my deth soght, Myself I mordre with my privy thoght.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2681 : Þo he sei is felawes ymorþred so villiche, God ernest he nom to him..is felawes to awreke.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.249 : Wende þider with þin ost wommen to kille; Children & cherlis, choppe hem to deþe. Loke þou kille þe king..murdre [vrr. murþer, morder, morþere, morþre] hem ichone.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4336 : Merciles on croked, olde, and lame..And children soukyng at her moder brest, Þei mordre & sle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2275 : Þe modres, with her childre smale, In stretis schal..Lyn mordred here þoruȝ Grekis cruelte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6349 : Þe Grekis ay wiþ her swerdes naked Mordre and sle where-so þat þei go.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1315 : My lorde meruailles hym mekyll..Why thow morthires his men.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4259 : Fers feghtande folke..Mourtherys in the mowntaygnes sir Mordrede knyghtes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5704 : Þai..Were takon with the Troiens & tyrnet to dethe, Martrid & murthrid, manglit in peses.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8157 : Bettur is a-byde in þis bare fild Than be murthert with malis & to mold put.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11947 : The dyn & the dite was dole for to here Of men þat were murtheret.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)160/20 : Me þu unseli sunful þa þu þurh deadlich sun ne murðredest [Tit: murðredes; Cai: murdredest] godes spuse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2060 : Alas! my pitous and woful aventure Is to rewful, and my mortal peyne, So to be mordred, and dar me not compleyne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4332 : Þei..saie her broþer in swiche meschef brouȝt, Almost mordred wiþ his owne þouȝt.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.70 : After þat he..murþeride [vrr. murþere; devourid; L devoravit] his goodis wiþ hooris, is come, þou hast killid to him a fat calf.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)287 : How may Thou se thus in Thy presence, With-out mercy mordred Innocence?
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)666 : Þei wolden y-worþen so grete To passen any mans miȝt to morþeren þe soules.
2.
(a) To kill (sb.); (b) to slaughter (men) in battle; ~ to deth, kill (sb.) completely or decisively; (c) to starve (sb.) to death.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21516 : Cador..hæhte heom..mid heore waȝen & mid heore speren murðren Childriches heren.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1774 : He wend witterly þei [the bears] wold him haue sewed, to haue mad of him mete & murþered him to deþe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2859 : Þe komli kerneles were to-clatered wiþ engines, & mani of here miȝthi men murdred to deþe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10179 : Troiell..Woundit hom wickedly..And mony at the mene tyme murtherit to dethe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10701 : Paris in pyne was pricket at his hert, To se his men so be mard, & murtherit to dethe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11140 : There murtherit were mony of the mayn troiens.
c
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1639 : To murthir men for defaute of mete, It is grete shame tille a kinge.