Middle English Dictionary Entry
somnen v.
Entry Info
Forms | somnen v. Also somne, sompne(n, som(p)ni & somen(e(n, someni, somin, somon(e(n, somoni, somoun(e(n, somounne, somun(e, sommene, sommon(en, sommounen & sumne(n, sumni(en, sumunen, summone; p. somned(e, etc. & (errors) somne, sumunð; ppl. somned, etc. & sominned, somond, somunde, (errors) sommed, summed. |
Etymology | From three sources: OF semonre, somonre, AF somunre, sumunre, vars. of OF semondre; OF semoner, sommoner, somuner, soumouner; & ML summonēre, AL som(m)onēre. Forms with loss of medial vowel or with -i- perh. influenced by ME samnen v., from OE samnian. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. assomonen v., isomnen v., samnen v.
1.
(a) To urge (sb. to do sth.), invite, call upon; order (sb. to do sth.); -- also with that clause; ben somned, be called upon (to do sth.), be obliged; ben somned to, be invited to (a feast); (b) ?to set in motion [gloss. quots., which may belong to another sense]; move (sb.), transfer; ~ in (in-to), provoke (God) to (wrath); (c) to proclaim (a feast), call.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1845 : Ech preost somonede is paroche..to beon alle ȝare a-ȝein him with procession for-to wende.
- a1325 SLeg.Swithin (Corp-C 145)135 : Þe gode king [Edgar]..somned [Hrl: sumnede] aȝen þis daye heie men inowe þerto, Bissops and abbotes, þis holy dede to do.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)87/30 : Oure uader gostlich..be wrytinges an be his zondes ne let naȝt ous to somony and bidde þet we zette payne to by him ilich.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)104/33 : Nou hest þou yherd þise uour wordes, Pater noster qui es in celis; Þet uerste þe somoneþ [Vices & V.(2): techeþ] to worþssipie god.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.129 : Þenne..Fals..and Fauuel..lette sompne alle men..To Arayen hem redi..To weende with hem to westmunster.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2655 : If thow take no vengeance of an old vileynye, thow somnest thyne aduersaries to do thee a newe vileynye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2662 : Whan they suffren ouer muchel the wronges and vileynyes to be doon with outen punysshynge, they somne nat a man al oonly for to do newe wronges but they comanden it.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.107 : Multi to a maungerye and to þe mete were sompned.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1052 : For I am sumned my-selfe to sech to a place, I wot [read: ne wot] in worlde wheder-warde to wende hit to fynde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1815 : I lefte sich woo my wounde ay wrought, That somonede me alway to goo Toward the Rose that plesede me soo.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1212 : He somond þan þe schippemen..To schake furthe with þe schyre-men to schifte þe gudez.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4237 : By letteres woly hem first somoune To here þer wyl, what þey respoune.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15039 : Seint Gregore..somoned hym þer for to come To Cristes lawe, þe lawe of Rome.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)10426 : Do yow [king] somown thorouȝ all your land That they be redy at your hand.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)249 : This squyer hadde ofte Carados somoned [F semonst] to be a knyght, and he seide that ther-to hadde he no talent.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)77/45,64 : Hij somond him in ire in dryhede..hij somened [L concitaverunt] him in-to ire in her folies.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14b/b : Cito: to haste or somp-nen.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)79 : Þes emperours clerkis þat stryuen aȝenst cristis lyuynge wolen somone hem [good priests] fro contre to contre.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)464 : Somownyn: Cito.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)573/14 : Cito: to sompny.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)105/348b : Cito: to somwn.
c
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)205 : He cast hym full cointly..In a Cite be-syde to somyn a fest.
2.
(a) To require the presence of (sb.) at mass, a gathering, etc., order (sb.) to appear; call (sb.) into the presence of another, summon; also fig.; -- also without obj.; (b) ~ biforen, to order (sb.) to appear in the presence of (sb. else); ~ on, call (a hawk) to (a lure); -- used without obj.; ~ to (unto), require the presence of (sb.) at (an assembly, the king's court, a city, etc.), call (sb.) to (an assembly, etc.); -- also without obj.; (c) to order (sb. to come into the presence of another, to a specific place, etc.), summon; -- also with that clause; (d) to order (Parliament) into session, convene.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)743 : He let somony [Hrl: somni] seint thomas.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1418 : Þemperour..dede somoun alle þe grete..and alle to his comandement comen ful sone.
- (1386) RParl.FM (C&D)34/23-4 : Nichol..did crye openlich that no man sholde come to chese her Mair but such as were sompned, & tho that were sompned were of his ordynaunce & after his auys.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.151 : He com at þe tyme as he was sommed [vr. ysomned].
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.31 : Ye comoun belle-man schal..somownyn alle ye bretheryn an systeryn, yat yey ben at ye messe at ye auter of seyn William at yat tyme of prime.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5182 : Sche was somouned and assent To come in presence of the king.
- a1400 12 PTrib.(1) (Roy 17.B.17)52 : Þou myghtis saie þat tribulacions ne are not nedeful to make þis sommones, for god sommonus I-noghe by his gyftis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.209 : Þanne bigan grace to go with piers plowman And conseilled hym & conscience þe comune to sompne [C vr. somene].
- (1418) Grocer Lond.in Bk.Lond.E.196/59 : They schull haue a bedyl, to warne and somune the feleschyp als oft tymes as he is boden be the wardeyns.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)109/28 : Margery, I haue not somownd þe, for I knowe wel j-now þu art Iohn of Burnamys dowtyr of Lynne.
- (1439) LRed Bk.Bristol2.156 : Euery Maister..that..absenteth hym and may be wyttnessed to fore the Maire beyng for the tyme that he is so sommoned by the seid wardeyns or by eny of ham schal be amercied in xij d. to the commune profite.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)267 : His senatour has sommonde me.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)525 : In the moste reale place of þe rounde table I somounde hym solempnylye.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)169/26 : Þe same day att he was somond he dyed.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.TWoe (Hrl 2255)138,146 : God..Sommoneth..by his mynisters Surquidous people..To somowne he sendith langour and sikenesse.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)2146 : Cardynals were somned be þer names, And come syngyng Te deum laudamus.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)63 : He somowned alle his barons in soche maner that euerich of hem shulde brynge with hem their wyves and doughtres.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)74/109 : Þe kyng..swor a-non is othþ To pulte him [Wulstan] out of is bischopriche; he liet somoune al-so To westmunstre, to answerien him of þat he him hadde mis-do.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)441 : To westmunstre he let somony [Hrl: sumni] alle þe bischopes of engelonde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10379 : Þe pope..alle þe bissops of engelond let someni to rome.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.167 : Þe sopere of god to whiche þai ben somoned [F semuns] bitokneþ þe blis of heuen.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.54 : If any broyer be somound to any morwespeche..and wil nouht come..he xal paye a pound of wax.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)510 : Al þe godemen of þe toune Byfore þe bysshop dyden here so-moune.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.28 : Þe baronage & þe clerȝie were somond to Kyngeston.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abbess (Cmb Gg.5.31)p.168 : For the byschoppe agaynes the morne Somonde the wyfes hym beforne.
- ?a1450 Poem Hawking (Yale 163)490 : When that she [hawk] hath ther-of knowlage, Somene thys-wise ther-on..When ȝe calle her & she comys, cast the lure away.
- c1450(1438) GLeg.St.Geo.(GiL54)(Eg 876)66/14 : I hadde hoped to haue sommed [vr. somond] my richesse to thi mariage, but now thou partest fro me in piteous manere.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)169/24 : When þe dean hard att he was sommond vnto þe courte of Arthur, he logh þerat.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)93/242 : To the temple thay somond old and ying.
- -?-(1452) in Gross Gild Merch.2.67 : That noo man be somned to that semble ne cum therein bot he þat is a marchaunt & brothir of the sayde yelde.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11960 : Þo let þe king someni aȝe þe tiwesday..Bissopes & abbodes & priores þer to..Þat hii were at norþhamptone.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1800 : Do sumne [vrr. sumnien, somounne] þe folk astyte Þat þey come alle hedyr Before þe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)803 : Kyng Philippe sitteþ in his halle Amonge his dukes and barons alle Þat he haþ somouned wyde To ben bifore hym on þat tyde.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)109/24 : Whan he [bishop] cam, sche knelyd down & askyd..why sche was somownde to come be-for hym.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10531 : That Rud Entendement Be somownyd to appere, By som maner offycere Off youres, ageyn a certeyn day.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)462 : Þe pope sendiþ aftir men to come to hym where euere he be; ȝe, ȝif crist haue sumnyd hem for to come not to hym.
- c1450(a1400) Chev.Assigne (Clg A.2)187 : Lette sommene þy folke vpon eche a syde That þey bene at þy syȝte þe xi day assygned.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1702 : Then he [Priam] somond all þe Cite..To a counsell to come.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2579 : He somond his lordes And all the knightes to come..To appere in his presens a purpos to take.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1551 : The king..let somoune a parlement.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1915 : The king..A parlement..hath sommoned, Wher he his doghter hath coroned.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)10 : Nocht long after this the Kyng lete so ordeyne his parliament yn due forme..somunde yn the yere of oure lord A Thousand, Foure Hundreth, Six and Thirtye.
- (1464) RParl.5.514b : The Kyng sommoned his Parlement to be hold at Westm' the xxix day of Aprill, the iiide yere of his reigne.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.42a : This present Parlement somoned and holden at Westm'.
3.
(a) Law To cite (sb.) to appear before a court (either secular or ecclesiastical) or other judicial authority for trial, examination, or punishment, summon; also fig.; -- also without obj.; also, call up (jurors) [quot. a1475, 2nd]; ~ biforen justices, ~ on assise, ~ to chapitre (court), etc.; ~ toforen juges, bring (sb.) to trial; letten ~, bring suit against (sb.); (b) to call (sb.) to judgment after death; summon (sb. to appear before God or to give account) at the Last Judgment; ~ to the dom; (c) to deliberate (a matter); law don somned, ?bring suit to challenge ownership of (a property); ppl. somned, of a writ of venire facias: ?having been issued.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)339 : Þe giv let him somoni þat he was to court i-brouȝt.
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.55 : Somune..R. of C. þat haht [read: haþ] þat ilke londe that he be þanne þer to heren þe reconisaunce and that thou habbe þere þe somunurs and this writ.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)339 : The pore men beth over al somouned on assise, And the riche sholen sitte at hom.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.201 : Pictagoras took counsaile, and somnede [Higd.(2): callede; L convenit] hym to fore iuges.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1347 : Withouten mandement, a lewed man He koude somne [vrr. somounne, sommon] on peyne of cristes curs.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1361 : He wolde fecche a feyned mandement And somne hem to chapitre bothe two And pile the man and lete the wenche go.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1620 : Ne was I neuere er now..Somoned [vr. Somounede] vnto youre court in al my lyf.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.314 : Shal neither kynge ne knyȝte, constable ne Meire Ouer-lede þe comune, ne to þe courte sompne.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)7/28 : As often sik as often sumned to ȝelden a rekening of þi beli be fore þe hiȝe juge.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.205 : Symple men þat been clepid eretikes..ben somynned and reprovyd many weies.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)146 : Þei leuen prechynge of þe gospel..& somonen men to chapitre & bi fors taken here goodis.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.PPriests Benef.(Corp-C 296)250 : Þes smale curatis schullen haue letteris fro here ordynaries to summone & to curse pore men.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)29 : Att which day ziff he come not by the somounys, be it kept that he be an other tyme somoned in the same maner.
- c1450 Upland R.(Dgb 41)110/286 : Ȝe begge or ȝe preche many tymes & oft Somen men & threten hem, bot if þai ȝif ȝou gode.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.80/31 : Commaunde thabbot of Oseney that he ȝelde to vs a plowe of londe..and but he do, sumne hym by a goode sumnyng that he be afore vs..to schewe whye he schall not Doo hit.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)206/5 : The said Abbesse and her successours whan they ben resonably somoned shul send thedir their certayn steward.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)598/2 : We comaunde the..to make xij fre and trew men..to se that tenement..And to somon hem, by good somonycions, that thei be than before the forsaid Iames and Iohn, [etc.].
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)106/728 : What meneþ al þis but þat elde sommouneþ þe to þe dom?
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)108/749 : Þynke, herfore, who so euere þat þou be þat art þus somened, þat þou myȝt not skape.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)10/35 : For þe ferste maner of wrethþe is a man worthy to be sompnyd to pere a for þe Justyce þt is god hym self.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10963 : At the grete Iugement, Wher tassyses shal be holde..I somowne the, ther tappere, To Answere in thys matere!
c
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)79/935 : Þis mater was somynd boþe e g[e]neral & e special a-mong grete men þat longid to þe kyng & rith preue of his consel.
- (1459) Paston2.181 : Laurence Donne hath do somond my tenement by Seynt Olof chyrch..to aunsuere at thys xva Johannis.
- (1463-4) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.66 : Att euery dai aftir the venire facias sompnyd and retournyd, all such persoones so empanellyd makyng succh defaute..be amercyd aftir the Coursse of lawe in iij d.
4.
(a) To assemble; gather together (one's people, an army, etc.), assemble; ppl. somned, gathered together; (b) to count (people), count up; -- ?error for sommen v. (a); (c) to complete the set of feathers of (a hawk); -- ?error for sommen v. (b).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)214 : Assaracus..heihte his folc sumunen & cumen to him-seoluen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)420 : Brutus sumunð [read: sumund] his folc.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9572 : Ah nu ich wulle fusen & sumnien mine ferde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10921 : Sorhliche heo gunnen clupien to Arðure þan kinge and, summed [read: sumned], þus iseiden, [etc.].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11141 : Arður..sumnede [Otho: somne] al his leoden ȝeond his kine-londe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11570 : We scullen..sumnen ure ferde ȝeond al þissen ærde.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/16 : Þo dede he somoni alle þo wyse clerekes þet kuþe þe laghe and hem askede wer crist solde bien i bore.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3764 : Is poer he [Arthur] let someny [vr. let sumny; B: somenede] þat ysp[r]ad was wel wyde & greiþede is noble ost.
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)143/92 : Þe Meir..sumneþ þe folk of þat Cite.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.123 : Þanne..fals..& fauel..let somoune [vrr. somnen, somen] alle þe segges abouten in shires.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3265 : Belyn dide somone his Bretons & Brenne haþ alle his Burgylons.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)189/6 : I shall somen my peple, and thirty thousand men shall ye have at my costis and wages.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)567 : All this chiualrie haue I yow somowned, and therfore I owe to haue guerdon.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2345 : Þer sulde of his sede þe folk so selcouþ many sprede, þat na mon sulde somne [Vsp: sume] ne neyuen, na mare þen þe sternys of heyuen.
c
- a1486 Sln.Bk.Hawking (Sln 3488)139 : If she be al somned, that is to sey, hard in penne, and thou wilt reclayme hure, [y]if hire wassh mete at euery mele.