Middle English Dictionary Entry
Sarasī̆n(e n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | Sarasī̆n(e n.(1) Also sarasen(e, -sein, -son, -cen(e, -cein, -zin(e, -zen, -zein, -zon, sarrasin, -cen, -zin, saresin(e, -zin, -zen, -zein, sarisin(e, -son, -zene, zarazen & sarsin(e, -sein, -son, -cin(e, -cein, -zin, -zen, -zein, -zon & (in surnames) sarracenus, sarazinus; pl. sarasins, etc. & saracenus, -sinos & (errors) sarains, sarrins. |
Etymology | OE Sar(a)cene, Sar(a)cine, Sarracene, Saracenas, LOE Sarecenas pl. (from L Saracēni) & OF sarrasin(e, -zin(e, sarasin, -zin & ML Saracēnus, AL Sarazēnus, -sīnus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A Turk; also, an Arab; also, a Moslem; -- often with ref. to the Crusades; ~ hed, the head of a Saracen; (b) a heathen, pagan; an infidel; (c) as a type of non-Christian; ~ or jeu, jeu and (or, other) ~, paien and ~, painimes and sarasines, sarasines and (ne) jeues, etc.; (d) the language of the Saracens; (e) one of the pagan invaders of England, esp. a Dane or Saxon (in some cases associated with infidels from other places, vaguely conceived [1st quot.]); -- also coll.; (f) a member of a non-Hebrew tribe, esp. a desert nomad; -- also coll.; (g) pagandom; -- ?= Sarasine n.(2); (h) sarasines flesh, mummy, a substance taken from embalmed corpses; brouet sarasines, a stew of some kind [cp. Sarasin adj.(b) & Sarasinesse n.(b)]; (i) in surnames; (j) sarasines hed, the name of an inn or alehouse.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.1 : Hi dude here pelrynage in holi stedes faste, So that among the Sarazyns ynome hi were atte laste.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)1 : Seint Cristofre was a saracen in þe londe of canaan.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8135 : Þe sarazins [vrr. sarasons, saracenys; B: saracins; vr. Sarezeyns] ȝolde hom þen toun, Þat was þe chef cite of þe lasse asye.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)2988 : Wiþ þat come forþ an amireld, A Sarrazin of wicked erd.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3220 : Þe Sarasyns with-inne a litel þrowe come as þykke as gras.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2489 : Tell me nay or yee, To passe over the grete See To werre and sle the Sarazin, Is that the lawe?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16 : Man yhernes rimes for to here..How charles kyng and rauland faght, Wit sarazins wald þai na saght.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.326 : Saracenes [C: saresyns; vrr. sarisyns, saracenus] for þat siȝte shulle synge 'gloria in excelsis, &c.', For Makomet & Mede myshappe shal.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)151/5 : Þe Erle of Trip..went anone ryght to Saladyn..& bicome Saresyn.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)49/11 : Þat contree hath ben in the hondes of all nacyouns..of Cristenemen, of Sarrazines [Man.(2): Sarzenes], Barbaryenes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)121a/a : Saracenez [Ch.(2): Sarracenes; L sarraceni] vseþ scarificacioun of þe erez.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)74/17 : Þe Sarazyn toke hir vndyr hys arme & led hir up on-to þe hey Mownt wher owyr Lord fastyd fowrty days.
- (?a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxix : He tolde me hyt was wyne of Surre where Sarsons dwelleden.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)99 : He is lijk to the lawe of Macomet and of Sarezenis in thilk point.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3088 : Takes a Sarezyn ȝonge and ffat..and hys hyde off fflayn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1510 : All þe cite asentis, sarazens & oþir.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2587 : Nyne conquerours þere hath bene..three were iewes and thre sarasens And othir thre were cristiens.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)90 : In this tyme Jewis and Sarasinos, gadered togidir at Cesare in Palestine, killid the most part of Cristen men in that cyte.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)76a/b : Saryzenes worchen on þis maner.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.KEng.(1) (Hrl 372)144 : Richard..callid Cuer de Leon, With Sarsyn hedys seruyd at his table.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1086 : Esterych of langars, a dussyper, Slow a sarysin..That was of turkye.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)776 : He stert to a sarison and tok of hym hys mas.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)482 : The kyng of France yn þat tyme Was be-sette wyth many a Sarezyne.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)46/24 : The forseid kyng, the Sarazeyn..gate graunte to come in the cite with a thowsand men.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)109/11 : The Gothis, the Vandres, the Huns, the Sarsines, and the Danys entird into Fraunce.
b
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)36 : Sone wolde þe sarezin habben hire to wiue.
- a1275 Serm.St.Nich.(Trin-C B.14.39)66/95 : On þisse manere sclepet þe riche ant þe false godes iliche þat saresines bi-leuet op on.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)418/17 : Þe heyȝe maystres of saresins: þat on vrþe weren þo here Maden ech maumat bi heom-sulf, at rome on Auter.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)79/2 : Zuyche guodes yefþ oure lhord..to sarazyns and to ualse cristene ase to þe guode.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)40.307/77 : Sarazin..trouweþ nouht þat Jhu Crist on Roode haþ hym bouht.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5240 : Þys prest..Broght a sarysyn to crystyn lawe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1559 : Þe bisshop..made on Sarsynes wyse To Jubiter sacrifise.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.151 : Þorw preyere of a pope..Was þat sarasene saued.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)61/16 : Jesus ansuered þat..many Sarazenes on euerych syde of þe werlde schulden ben saued.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)206 : My wife, ȝe wate wele, es no iew, scho es a sarizene [vr. sarasyne].
- c1450(c1398) Paris St.Christina (Arun 168)368 : Thre thowsande sarzyns conuerted she.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)62/25 : In þis synne ben cristene men worse þan zarazenes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)425/11 : Sir Palomydes is but a dede man bycause that he is nat crystened, and I wolde be loth that he sholde dye a Sarezen.
- a1475 Form Excom.(2) (Rwl B.408)1/1 : Alle þat helpeth þe sarezenes aȝens cristen men.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)171/33 : A cristen man of Engelond..ȝede into heþenes forto se wondurs of þe lond and hyrut a Saresyn forto be his gyde.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)43/10 : Þe uerste is huanne..uorzaȝþ god..and becomþ bougre oþer ieu oþer sarasin.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)114/28 : Þet deþ þe paen and þe sarasyn and oþre zeneȝeres.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28901 : For crist þat þou seis right treu, þou helpe for-þi sarzin or Iuu.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.276 : Noyther sarasenes [C: sarrasyns] ne iewes..with-outen crystendome worth saued.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Pep 2498)p.27 : Fals cristen Men ben wers þan..Iewes and Sarzines þat ben mysbileuande Men.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28964 : Cristen men..Aw þe forto couer of care, Both bifor iew and sarcyne.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)74 : Ȝif a man be acursed of prelatis..alle men ben tauȝt bi hem to flee him as a iew or a sarsyn.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)141/1 : Sumtyme sche wept..for Iewys, Sarazinys, & alle fals heretikys.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)39/1 : Sarasenes & Jewes to purveye for here childre kynde hem techiþ.
- ?a1450 Mem.Cred.(Tan 201)176/19 : It nere no sklaundre ne scorn to paynymus and sarzeyns.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)105/42 : We accorsen..Also alle that helpen with strength or with vitayles or sokeren Iewes or Sarazons [vr. Sarzons] ayen cristendom.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)47/26 : Of hem be descendid the payenyms and the Sarazins and the publicans and othire euyl linagis that ben out of the Cristen feith.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.56.38a : To Iewes and Saraceins, whilk trowen nouȝt in Crist, alle swhilke steringes arn dedli synnes.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.252 : Euery secte -- Iew, paynym, Sarcyn -- fleth to sweryn falslyche be his godis name as mest inconuenient.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)169 : By the firste sone we vndirstonde Iewes & sarsinis.
d
- a1500 Travel Instruc.(CotApp 8)279 : Good were to have fro Venyse..sum faire faryng man that cowde good Lumbard, Greke, Sarasyne, and Turkesse.
e
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)77/1319 : Þo icom to þis ille Sarazins blake Þat dude me forsake.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4522 : Eiȝte hundred ssipes..he broȝte, Vol of saracens [B vr. Saxons] yarmed.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4692 : He com of woden..Þat þe saracens [B vr. Sarasonnes] weneþ þat he an hey god be.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4520 : Þai..On hem schoten bi wayes and paþes And dede þe sarrins [?read: sarrazins] gret scaþes.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6095 : He..gred to alle þo Sarains [?read: Sarrazins] Þat for loue of Apolins Þai schuld..Him awreke.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7515 : Þe slawen Sarrazine Went into helle-pine.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)20 : Kyng Angys of Denemark And many a Sarsyn stout and stark Weorred on him.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1952 : Mony Sarsynes hed anon He strok of by þe nekke-bon.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)403/381 : Among sarseynes he pleied the lioun..Maugre the Danys he put Hyngwar to flyht.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)49 : As sone as the sarazins haue loste Aungys, thei desire nought ellis but forsake the londe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)193 : Gawein slowgh many a sarazin of the saxouns.
f
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.293 : Þis Ismael..gat..lederes of peple þat cleped hem self Saracenys, as þogh þey were i-come of Sarra.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3702 : This Gedeon..Tuo Sarazins spekende he herde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4412 : Amalech the paien king..This Sarazin..A route of faire wommen nam.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4496 : He [Solomon] tok Hise wyves and hise concubines Of hem that weren Sarazines.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2694 : Passende an hundred..Of wyves and of Concubines, Juesses bothe and Sarazines, To him I sih alle entendant.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6984 : Þai..lefte þe lagh of hei drightin And ledd þe law of sarazin And mad wit þam þeir mariage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8072 : Four sarzins wit þe king [David] can mete.
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)107/1 : Þe Lord God..bihiȝt to hem þat loueþ him & which beþ to trowe in Crist, & he schal delyuer hem of þe hond of Sarsyns.
g
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)185 : Here fadyr was prest of sarysyne [F paenete]; In maummetry he leued ynne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22286 : Iubiter and apoline..godds war o sarazine.
h
- ?c1400 Dur-U.Menus (Dur-U Cosin V.3.11)40.4/4 : In Paschal tempe flesshedays..Þe ii cours bruet saraseyns, þerwith gele & capouns dorres, lechefres & smal rost.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)88b/a : R[ecipe] rosin..wex..sarezines fleisch, i. mummie..oile rose or oile comoun.
i
- (1148) Liber Winton (Antq 154)560 : Stephanus Sarazinus.
- (1161) in Pipe R.Soc.459 : Stephanus Sarracenus.
- (1210) CRR(2) 660 : Robertus Saracin.
- (1258) Close R.Hen.III243 : Jacobus, filius Nicholaus le Sarazyn, civis et proconsul Romanus.
- (1278) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 41160 : Philip Sarezyn.
- (1379) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)7.213 : Thomas Sarazin de Comitatu Norhamptoniæ Capellanus.
j
- (1411-12) Rec.Norwich 258 : [At London at the] Sarasynes Heed.
- (1423) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)20 : [Another hostel called] Sarsynshede.
- (1449) Will Uvedale in SAC 3155 : Volo quod executores mei..vendant totum tenementum sive tabernam vocatam le Sarazynes Hede cum suis pertinentibus prope Powles Cheyne in London situatam.