Middle English Dictionary Entry
ǧinǧivere n.
Entry Info
| Forms | ǧinǧivere n. Also gingever(e, gingivre, gingievere, gingiber, gingifere, gingefre, (early) gingif(e)ran, (errors) gindir, ginginer & ginger(e, gingre, genger & guinger, guingiur. |
| Etymology | OF gingembre, gingivre, gingibre & ML gingiber, gingiver & OE gingifer; from L zinziberi, from Gr., ?ult. Indic. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The root of the plant Zingiber officinale or of a related species, ginger; poudre (of) ~, finely ground ginger; race (rote) of ~, a root of ginger; (b) grene ~, ~ vert, undried ginger preserved in syrup; whit ~, dried ginger, uncoated or scraped; ~ colombin (OF gingembre coulombin), ginger from Quilon (L Columbum) in India; ~ confit, preserved ginger; ~ gebeli, ~ madrean, ~ maydelyn, ~ valadyne (?cp. Med.It. gengiovo belledi), kinds of ginger; (c) a sauce seasoned with ginger; ~ sauce, sauce ~; (d) the plant yielding ginger; (e) as surname.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)11/13 : Nim hwytne stor and senep and gingiber.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)39/22 : Nim gingyfran twelf peneȝa wyht.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)47/15,24 : Ȝenim..gingiferan..hwyt cudu and gyngyfere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17746 : Gingiuere & licoriz he hom lefliche ȝef.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)100a : Ne makeden neauer strengðe of gingiure [Nero: gingiuere] ne of zedual.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)190/12 : Ne nime ȝe..nout so muche ðet beo a rote of gingiure.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)73 : Þe rote is gingeuir and galingale.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.632 : Marchauns..brouȝte meche..Gingiuer and galingale.
- (1366) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9945 : In Ginger emp. in villa, 20 d.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)92 : Cast theron powder of peper and of gyngynyr [read: gyngyuyr].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258a/b : Gynger..is the roote of an herbe..and some gyngere is tame and som wilde; þe wilde haþ more scharp sauour than þe tame & is more sad and fast and nouȝt so white, but it brekeþ more soone.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)31 : Cast þerto sugar..canel, & powdour gynger and seeþ it.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)76/8 : It were nessessarie to ȝeue him..fleisch..sauerid with swete spicerie, as canel, gynger [Add: gyngeffre].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)71a/a : Zinciber: gyngire.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)116b/a : Braye ham..with a litel of gyngeuere.
- a1456(a1426) Lydg.Mum.Hertford (Trin-C R.3.20)41 : Beautryce..Hathe..for heed aache, with pepir and gynger, Dronk dolled ale.
- (1428) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)179/8 : Þat no man of þe crafte schal by any Garbalour of Ginger of any straunger for any þing mor þan halffe pris.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)66/17 : Spices þat are hate: gynger, longe pepir, white pepir, aloes epotik.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)20 : Take pouder Gyngere & Galyngale.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)225/16 : Take..ache-sede, gyndyr, of euery v peny-wurthe.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)89 : Rubbe þe race of gyngyre on þe wheston into þe wyn.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)28/1 : Doo þere-inne powdir of canell, gyllofre, gingefere.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)35 : Cast on pouder guingyur mellid with sugur.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)100 : Pare smalle raisins and tried guinger.
- a1500 Ld.Cook.Recipes (LdMisc 553)114 : Cast therto goud poudre of piper & gyngiuer.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)95 : Spycis I hawe..In my shyppes..Gyngere, lycoresse and cannyngale.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)13 : Other warys that be sold by the lb., as peper, saffryn, clowys, mace, gynger and suche other..be called Sotyll Warys.
b
- (1363-4) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100566 : 4 lb. et di. de Gynger confet.
- (1365) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.99127 : Octo coffynz de Anys comfytt, genger comfytt, et geloffers, 8 s.
- (1384-5) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103594 : In Galanga, zinziber, Clous, Grenginger.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5219/12 : Pro ij lb. ginger madrean, ij s. iiij d.
- (1401-2) Mem.Ripon in Sur.Soc.81208 : In ij unc. gingergumfet et annes, 6 d.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)137a/b : Take..of white gynger.
- (1429) RParl.4.361a : In ye tyme of Kyng Edward..Gyngever was at ix d., Piper viii d...grene Gynger bytweyn xii and xiii d.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)8/20 : Tak white gynger & rub it on a whetstane.
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.30132 : ij forkes for grene gynger, of silver.
- (1443-4) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)282/18 : A pot of Grene Gynger..was giffyn to Sir Herri Yngelhous.
- (1445) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.83 : Rawe silk, iiii bales; Brasill, xxx bales; Gynger gebely gret, vii barels; Gynger vert, xvii barels.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45103 : De j barell grene gynger..viij pottes for grene gynger.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)21 : Þenne take whyte Gyngere.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)131-2 : Good gynger colombyne is best to drynke and ete; Gynger valadyne & maydelyn ar not so holsom in mete.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)758 : Withe Gyngre columbyne, mynsed manerly.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)122/7-8 : To mak grene gynger. To mak þe sirrup to grene gynger.
- a1500 Travel Instruc.(CotApp 8)281 : Of peres..suche other comfytes, the further ye gone the better shall ye fynde, as well as grene gyngere.
c
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)65 : Gyngener [read: Gyngeuer]. Take payndemayn..grynde it and temper it wiþ Vynegur, and with powdour gyngur and salt, drawe it thurgh a straynour.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)441 : To make gynger sause. Take faire light bred..draw hit..with vinegur and pouder of ginger.
- ?a1450 Ashm.Cook.Bk.(Ashm 1439)109 : Sauce gingyuer. Take white brede, stepe it wiþ vynegre and draw it..þurȝ a straynour; and thanne put þer-to poudre gingere.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.52 : For sawce gynger. Fyrst stepe þy brede, [etc.].
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)537 : Gynger sawce to lambe.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)77 : To mak sauce guinger, tak whit bred [etc.].
d
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6787 : Gyngyuer [LinI: gynger], comyn, ȝauen odour of grace.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)43 : Schadowed þis wortez..Gilofre, gyngure, & gromylyoun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1369 : Ther was eke wexyng many a spice, As clowe-gelofre and..Gyngevre.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)113/15 : Be all þat contree [India] groweth gode gyngeuere.
e
- (1281) Feet Fines Sus.in Sus.RS 7940 : Godefridus Gyngieuere.
- (1333) Sub.R.Wor.in Wor.HS (1899)16 : Stephanus Gyngeure.
- (c1387) Cart.Oseney in OHS 91178 : Willelmus Gyngeuere.