Middle English Dictionary Entry
brẹ̄ven v.
Entry Info
Forms | brẹ̄ven v. Also brefe, bryve. |
Etymology | OE gebrēfan state briefly & OI brēfa write down (from ML breviāre). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. bref.
1.
(a) To commit (sth.) to writing, write down; breved in boke, recorded or recounted in writing; (b) to give a (written) account (of sth., sb.); (c) to extol (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)38/23 : Þet tu cost [read: const] þe seolf iseon i Iamemes & i Manbres bokes ibreuet.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)197 : Bot never ȝet in no boke breved I herde, Þat ever he wrek so wyþerly on werk þat he made.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2521 : As hit is breued in þe best boke of romaunce.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)14 : Sothe stories..Breuyt into bokes for boldyng of hertes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)65 : Breuyt in a boke on þere best wise.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4448 : As I brefe it in þis bull, þe bragmeyns takens Surmontis all ȝour sapientis & oure assemy thewis.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)94 : Whi nay may orders he toke Fynd I noght brefed in my boke.
b
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3736 : Þus he breuyt in his boke of þo breme kynges.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)424 : In a booke of the Bible that breues of kynges.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)208 : Bot of þar batails to brefe, it botis me na ferrire.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)764 : Saudiours & sekir men..Þat was þe baldest & þe best breueyd [vr. breuet] in armes.
2.
To put (sth.) on record, enter of record.
Associated quotations
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)10/79 : He mei preouin þurh his boc þet is on euch sunne ibreuet [vrr. enbreuet, embreuet].
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)413 : Iche messe, at vj d., breue shalle he..At the countyng house.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)536 : At countyng stuarde schalle ben, Tylle alle be breuet..Wrytten in-to bokes..Þat be-fore in tabuls hase ben sett.
- c1550(?a1400) Ordin.Househ.Edw.III (Hrl 782)10 : All wages breved.
3.
(a) To report or tell (sth.); of a hunting dog: announce (the presence of game); (b) to give (sb. a name).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)755 : Breue me, bryȝt, quat kyn oftriys [read: offys] Berez þe perle so maskellez?
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)465 : Breued watz hit ful bare A meruayl among þo menne.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1436 : Þay vmbe-kesten þe knarre..whyl þay wysten wel wyt[h]inne hem hit were, Þe best þat þer breued watz wyth þe blodhoundez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1488 : If hit be sothe þat ȝe breue, þe blame is myn awen.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)462 : He breuys þire wordis: 'To quam has þow þe tane till tell me þe sothe?'
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2285 : Þan bad him beddels belyue: 'breue vs þi name!'
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)103 : Noþer by title, ne token, ne by tale noþer Þat euer wos brevyt in burghe.
b
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)27/749* : 'Busifolen' to þis blonk was breued þe name.
4.
(a) To make a written agreement; (b) ?to summon (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- (1447) Shillingford22 : Nywe bondis to be made and enseled..yf þe parties myght so accorde to breve the mater to the lordis hondis.
- (1448) Shillingford55 : Apon the deliverance of whiche ar[ticulis] to us, covenant was at London that we sholde have had a communicacion to breve the mater at home..to my Lordes eyse and pleisere.
- (1448) Shillingford56 : To bryve the mater ayenst oure comynge be fore my saide Lorde.
b
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)26 : Y am breued and ybroht yn.
- (1462) Stonor1.59 : We haf ffonde..a copy of þe Kynges Recordes..the wyche schall make owr ffyn gode. And so, thys fondyn, he most breff Margete, suster to Th., bastard.
5.
(a) To charge (sb.) with a duty; ben breved, hold office; (b) to lay claim to (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1172 : Iaudis..þat was þe bischop in þat burȝe breuyd in þa dais.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4503 : Marcure..Ȝe graith him to be gouernoure..Mars, for his maisterris & for his many weris, Him brefe ȝe for his baratris þe breste to defend.
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1898 : By þe ball, sir, I breue all þe brode werd..And be þe hat..I constru þat ilka kyng sall clyne to my-selfe.
6.
To abbreviate (a story), make short; to breve, to put it briefly.
Associated quotations
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4688 : I mote þe trouþe leue Of Troye boke, and my mater breue And ouer-passe, and nat go by and by As Guydo doþ in ordre ceryously.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1374 : Quen he had..þis tild rerid, Hit had of bradnes abofe, to breue, out of mesure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)484/12 : And to breff thys mater, he smote downe sir Trystramys.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)341/26 : To com off and to breff this tale: Whan she [Dame Lyonesse] com to kynge Arthure [etc.].
Note: Additional quot. for sense 6..
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section is incomplete and needs revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--notes per MLL