In phrases with verbs of motion expressed or implied: (a) onward to and into (a place, structure, the body or a part of the body, etc.); also with adv. or clause as obj. [quots. c1275 (2nd) & ?c1425]; entren ~, to enter into (a country, place, etc.); gon ~ than ale, frequent a tavern; wainen from lond ~ lond, fig. of the gospel: bear (Christ) from land to land; (b) in contexts expressing or implying upward or downward motion: up or down to and into (a place, structure, etc.); also, with adverbs: adoun (doun, up) ~; in adjectival phrase: the flit from..~, the going from (the floor) down into (the grove); (c) onward to and onto (a hill, structure, etc.); (d) in contexts expressing or implying upward or downward motion: up or down to and onto (sth., a hill, the shore, etc.); also, with adverbs: adoun (doun, up, up-ward) ~; (e) onward as far as (a structure, an object, etc.), up to but not into or onto; also in fig. phrases; with verbs of arriving: at (a place); approchen ~, to draw near to (sth., a country), approach; bicomen ~ lond, of a ship: make landfall; also, with adv.: climben up ~, climb up to (a bird in a tree, a hanging crucifix in a church); (f) with obj. which is formally a phenomenon or a state, but which implies a definite place in which such a phenomenon or state obtains: to (the eternal fire, hell-pain, the light of heaven, etc.); (g) with obj. which is formally an action or activity, but which implies a definite place in which such action or activity is carried on: to (an athletic contest, jousts, plays, a religious service, etc.); gon ~ offringe, to go up to the rail to make one's offering during the mass; yede ~ offringe; (h) into (a container, the earth, etc.); bringen ~ erthe (ground), to bury (sb., the dead); helpen ~ the ground, help bury (a body); putten ~ pote, put (sth.) into a pot; also, fig. slay (sb.) [quot. c1330]; (i) into the presence of (sb., God, the Virgin Mary, etc.), before (sb., the face of God, the presence of God, etc.), face to face with; into the midst of (a group of persons); approchen ~, to come into the presence of (sb., God), draw near to; also fig. and in fig. context; also, have sexual intercourse with (a woman) [quots. a1382 (1st) & c1390]; ben ~, be gone to (sb.); also, in iron. phrase: climben ~ god, be hanged; his iwone was ~, his habitual resort was to (sb.), he regularly went to (sb.); (j) toward (sb. or sth., a direction, place, etc.), in the direction of; against (an opponent in combat); with verbs of shooting, striking, throwing, etc.: at (sb. or sth., an animal); also in fig. context; after (prey), in pursuit of; with verbs of grasping, snatching, etc.: at (sth.), for; with verb of reaching: toward (sth.), for; also, in hortatory phrase with ellipsis of verb: nou hem ~!, now at them!; (k) in phrases with noun or pron. obj. in comb. with ward or wardes: toward (sb. or sth., oneself, a place, an activity, etc.), in the direction of; against (a foe), at; also, with obj. in comb. with ward or wardes where the combining element has little or no force: to (battle, court, dinner, a place); also, in elliptical constructions where motion is implied: going toward (a place), on the way to [quots. c1330(?a1300), c1387-95, & c1395]; gon on pilgrimage ~ heven ward in the world, to strive toward heaven while in this world; willen ~ latona ward, desire to go toward Latona; (l) with verbs of gathering: to (sb., a place); into (a configuration, mass); ben gadered ~ faderes (peple), to be gathered to (one's) forebears, die; med. gaderen ~ a hed, of a sore or abcess: come to a head, fester, suppurate; igadered ~ aposteme, of a morbid humor: accumulated into an aposteme; (m) with verbs of attracting, enticing, summoning, inviting, etc., implying motion: attracten ~, to attract (stones) to (oneself), cause to come to; bicherren ~, entice (a mouse) to come into (a trap); callen (clepen, somnen, etc.) ~, summon (sb., a spirit) to come to (oneself, a place, an activity, mass, etc.), invite (sb.) to come to (a meal, wedding feast); law summon (sb.) to come to (court); drauen ~, of a magnetic stone: draw (sth.) to (itself); luren ~, lure (sb.) to (sth.); also, in elliptical constructions: blouen ~ bataille, blow (trumpets) to summon men to come to battle; heren knillen (ringen) ~ messe, hear the bells ring summoning persons to come to mass; heren the belles ~ messe (matines, etc.), hear the bells that summon persons to come to mass (matins, etc.); ringen ~ messe, ring bells to summon persons to come to mass; (n) with verbs of sending, implying motion: asenden (senden) ~, to send (sb., a devil, an angel, etc.) to (sb., an assembly, mankind), cause or direct (sb.) to go to (sb.); send (sb. or sth.) to (a place), cause to go or be conveyed to; also, with prep. phrase as obj.: techen ~ bisides the cros, deliver (sth.) to beside the cross; also, with pron. obj. in comb. with ward: senden ~ me ward, send (messengers) to me; also, with verbs of commanding: beden (commaunden) ~, bid (sb.) to go to (a place), cause (sb.) to be conveyed to (prison); (o) with modal auxiliary and ellipsis of the inf. expressing motion: moten (mouen, shulen, etc.) ~, must (may, shall, etc.) go to (sb. or sth., a place); also, in hortatory expressions without verb: ~ armes (harneis)!, to arms!; ~ hors!, to horse!, mount up!; (p) in selected generalizing phrases with verbs of motion having weakened force [see also gon v. 11a.(c)]; ben comen ~ reste, to have retired; ben (set) ~ reste, gon (wenden) ~ reste, of the sun: be set (set); bringen (don) ~ bed, put (sb.) to bed; also, consummate a marriage; bringen (fecchen) ~ hous, bring home (a wife); bringen ~ ship, bring (sb.) on board ship; comen ~ lond, come ashore; don ~ ship (shippinge), refl. go aboard a ship; drauen ~ reste, of the sun: set; also, of a flower: close up for the night; gon ~ bataille, go into battle; gon (yede) ~ bed, go (went) to bed, retire (retired); also, engage (engaged) in sexual intercourse [quots. a1400(c1303) (2nd) & a1438]; gon ~ bord, sit down to a meal, eat; gon ~ chaumbre (prive), gon (wenden) ~ sege, use a privy; void the bowels or bladder; gon (nimen, etc.) ~ chirche, go to church, attend religious services; gon ~ gras, graze; gon (hien, wenden) ~ hors-bak, lepen ~ hors (hors-bak), mount up; gon ~ plough, engage in plowing; gon ~ housel, take communion; gon (wenden) ~ scole, attend school (university); nimen ~ flod, of a ship: put out to sea, get under way; passen (wenden) ~ pilgrimage, go on a pilgrimage, join a pilgrimage; yede ~ ship, went aboard ship, embarked; yede ~ a universite, attended a university; (q) in prov. expression.

(a) In misc. phrases: comen (icomen) ~, of a season, day: to come to (sb.); of tidings, rumor, etc.: come to (sb., someone's ears, a place); also, with pron. obj. in comb. with wardes: ben coming ~ him wardes, of heavenly bliss: be going to come to him; springen ~, of tidings, report, the news of an event: come to (sb., someone's ears, a place); wenden from mouth ~ mouth, of rumor: spread from person to person; (b) gon (rennen) ~, to have recourse to (sb. as an authority, sth.), resort to; also in fig. contexts; rennen ~ medicine, hasten to the practice of medicine; rennen ~ mouth, have recourse to (one's) mouth, shout; (c) gon ~ the effect, wenden ~ the pointe, to get to the point (in a discourse); also, in parenthetical inf. phrases: ~ the pointe for to gon, nou to comen ayen ~ my matere, etc.; also, in parenthetical phrases without inf.: but ~ the pointe; but nou ~ purpos.

In phrases expressing extension in space: (a) as far as (a town, river, place, etc. used as a landmark or boundary); all the way to (a place, topographical feature, etc.); also, all the way to (a point on an object); from est ~ west, from the eastern border to the western border; also, with obj. in comb. with ward: west ~ constantinople ward, west as far as Constantinople; breken ~ hondes, to shatter (spears) up to the point where they are grasped; heren ~, hear (sth., sb. doing sth.) all the way to (a place), hear clear to; narwen ~ the narwenesse of, narrow to the width of (six hundred paces); (b) clear up to (the sky, a part of the body, the top of an object, etc.), all the way up to; also, with adv.: up ~; also, in adjectival phrase: laddere ~ heven, a ladder extending up to heaven; neighen ~, of the height of a structure: to extend nearly up to (heaven); (c) all the way down to (the ground, a part of the body); also, with adv.: doun ~; in adjectival phrase: kirtel ~ fot, a cloak extending down to (someone's) foot, a foot-length cloak; (d) ~ kne, to the depth of the knee, knee-deep; also, with adverbs: doun ~ the kne, up ~ hire knes; (e) inward (outward) as far as (a part of the body); all the way to or into (an organ or a part of the body, the bottom of a wound, etc.); also in fig. phrases; with verbs of gnawing, piercing, penetrating, etc.: to (the bone, heart, root, etc.); also, in adjectival phrases: bite ~ the bon, fig. a cut to the quick; rote doun ~ the ground, a root extending down into the ground; wound ~ herte; eten ~ the bon, to devour (a creature) right down to the bone; (f) casten of ~ serke, to cast off (all one's clothing) down to (one's) shirt, strip to (one's) shirt; despoilen ~ shirte, renden of ~ bar shirte, strip (sb.) down to (his) shirt, strip (sb.) of (his) outer garments; leven naked ~ the bar skin, leave (sb.) naked to the skin or bare naked; rasen ~ the tos, slash (shoes) to the toes; strepen naked ~ flesh and bon, strip (sb.) bare naked; strepen of ~ bar lich, strip off (one's clothes) to (one's) bare skin; toteren ~ smok, refl. strip oneself down to (one's) smock.

In phrases expressing spatial orientation or direction: (a) toward (sb. or sth., a direction, etc.), in the direction of; face ~ face, mouth ~ mouth, neb ~ neb, face to face, directly, personally; leien ~ the sonne, of a continent: to lie toward the east; leien def ere ~, turn a deaf ear to (someone's speech); turnen ~, turn one's body in the direction of (sb. or sth.), face toward; (b) with verbs of looking, gazing, casting the eyes, etc.: toward (sb. or sth., a place, etc.), on, at; ben ~, of the eyes: to be fixed on (the Lord); also, with noun or pron. obj. in comb. with ward: loken ~ the ground ward (helle ward, etc.), look at the ground (toward hell, etc.); (c) laughen (maken laughinge) ~, to smile at (sb.), look fondly on; look favorably on (sb.); whistlen ~, whistle at (sb.); (d) in adjectival phrases with gate, path, wei, etc.: toward (sth., a place, God, a state or condition, etc.), leading to; also in fig. contexts; also, with noun obj. in comb. with ward: heigh wei ~ heven ward, the highway leading to heaven; wei ~ perfeccioun ward (troie ward), the way to perfection (Troy); (e) ~ right, straight ahead.

In phrases expressing physical proximity in place or space: (a) at (a place, gathering, joust, council, etc.); ben itaught ~ a lithere scole, fig. to be ill-taught; finden ~ scole, support (sb.) at school; haven ~ banere, have (a number of knights) under (one's) banner, lead; kepen (sustenen) ~, support (sb.) at (court, school); (b) in selected phrases: holden ~ bord, to entertain (guests) at one's table; setten ~ sopere, seat (sb.) at supper; also, refl. sit at supper; sitten ~ bord, sit at (someone's) table, sit down to eat with (sb.); sitten (doun) ~ mete, sitten ~ sopere, sit down to a meal (supper), sit at a meal (supper); (c) at (a part of the body), beside, by; with verbs of bowing, kneeling, standing: before (sb., God), at (someone's, the Lord's, feet); fallen ~ fet, fallen adoun (doun) ~ fet, etc., to fall at (someone's) feet, kneel or prostrate oneself before (sb.); fallen him ~ fot, fall at his foot; fallen ~ kne, kneel at (someone's) knee; throuen doun ~, refl. prostrate oneself before (the Lord); (d) out in (sunlight); in adjectival phrase: ~ wind, exposed to the wind, streaming in the wind; (e) within the confines of (heaven, hell, etc.), in; also, within (oneself), internally; (f) ?across from (sth.), opposite to; (g) near (a place), in the vicinity of, adjacent to; close to (a part of the body), beside; also, with obj. in comb. with ward: ~ jeuerie ward, near Judea; (h) in combs. with adjectives and adverbs denoting proximity in space: clos (ner, nexte) ~, close (near, next) to (sb. or sth., a place, etc.); also used fig. [quot. c1475]; neigh ~, q.v.; (i) ~ honde, at hand, close by; pressen ~ honde, to come close within range; also, in generalizing expressions: bothe ~ honde and ~ fot, in all respects; serven ~ fot and honde, serven from and ~ fot, serven from fot ~ honde, etc.: wait on (sb.) hand and foot, serve (sb.) in all respects.

In phrases expressing physical association: (a) in company with (sb., God), together with; among (persons); ~ processioun, in procession; also, with obj. in comb. with wardes: ~ barlaam wardes, with Barlaam; approchen ~ his presence, to associate with him; maken a compaignie ~, keep company with (God in heaven); (b) medlen ~, to mix (a bodily humor) with (another humor); meten ~, meet with (sb.), fall in with; (c) in adjectival phrase: knight ~ armes, a knight at arms, an armed knight.

In phrases expressing physical contact: (a) on (sb. or sth.), upon; in adjectival phrases: resting upon (sth.), supported on; also, located on (the head) [quot. c1460]; putten ~ fir, to put (sth.) on the fire to cook; putten yok ~, fig. lay a burden on (sb.); stonden ~, of a house: rest upon (pillars); (b) onto (one's body); touching on (sb. or sth.), up against, in contact with; with verb of leaning: against (sth.), on; also in fig. phrases; honde ~ honde, hand to hand, in close combat; roughe ~ the honde, hairy to the touch, shaggy under the hand; also in proverbs and prov. expressions; (c) don (leien, putten, etc.) ~, to apply (a substance, medicament, etc.) to (sb., a part of the body, wound, etc.); pour (a liquid substance) over (angleworms in a pot); (d) with verbs of affixing or attaching: to (sth.), onto, on; also used pleonastically [quot. ?a1425 (1st), 2nd occurrence]; with verbs of joining or being joined: to (sb. or sth., a structure, field, the sea, etc.); (e) putten (setten) sele ~, to affix a seal to (a document) in confirmation, set (one's) seal to; also, with verb and to adv.(1): putten to sele ~, set (one's) seal to (a document); (f) with verbs of adhering, clinging, sticking, etc.: to (sb. or sth.); cook. brennen ~, of a heated mixture: to burn onto (the bottom of a pan); sitten ~, stick to (the pot); (g) around (sb. or sth., a part of the body), about.

In phrases expressing nonspatial direction, development, etc.: (a) to (a state, condition, rank, plight, state of knowledge, etc.); ben boren (iboren)~, to be born into (servitude, the human condition, good fortune, etc.); bringen (yeven) ~ mariage, give (sb.) in marriage, marry off; comen (neighen) ~ the nede, be necessary or unavoidable; fallen (fon) ~ slep, fall asleep; haven ~ mariage, have (sb.) in marriage, wed (sb.); ishapen (maken, werken) ~ man, create (sb.) in human form; (b) in selected phrases: tocome ~ this lif, (Christ's) coming into this world; areren ~ lim and lif, awecchen ~ lif (and lim, reisen ~ lif, to raise (sb., the dead) to life; arisen (comen, risen) ~ lif, arise to life; bien from deth ~ lif, redeem (mankind) from death to life; comen ~ this lif, of Christ: come into this world, take human form on earth; driven (wenden) ~ deth, die; hasten ~ deth, be near death, be going to die soon; holden ~ lif, save the life of (sb.); (c) to (an emotion, emotional state, a desire, will); also, to (a faith, belief); stiren ~; (d) to (an age, legal age); atteinen ~ mannes age, comen ~ (ful, pleine) age, to come of age, attain one's majority; bicomen ~ elde, reach an age; fallen ~ age, grow old; (e) to (an act or activity, a course of action, practice, sphere of activity, way of life, etc.); callen (clepen) ~ counseil, to call (sb.) into consultation, confer with; comen ~ ded-bote, make amends; gon ~ bote, passen ~ penaunce, do penance; nimen ~ red, refl. consult, deliberate; also, adopt a plan; putten ~ flight, put (sb. or sth.) to flight, cause to flee; also, refl. take to flight; putten up ~ flight, flush (a pheasant); putten ~ norishinge, put (a child) to be fostered; rennen ~ armes, hasten to arm oneself; taken ~ boistous garnementes (venerie), refl. take up the wearing of rough clothing (hunting); taken ~ counseil, refl. adopt a plan; taken ~ penaunce, refl. undertake or accept penance; taken ~ red, hold consultation, consult;—also refl.; wenden ~ counseil, confer; (f) to (a vice, sin, virtue, etc.); stiren ~; seminge ~ sinne ward, ?tempting to sin; (g) to (an occupation, a craft, study or field of study, etc.); also, into (a monastic community, religious order); idon (putten, setten, etc.) ~ scole, to put (sb.) to school, educate; isetten ~ lore, putten (setten) ~ bok, setten ~ lettre, teach (sb.), instruct; (h) to (oneself, one's heart, mind, memory, knowledge, etc.); taken ~; taken herte ~, to take courage to (oneself), take heart; taken world ~ entente, be well disposed to (worldly things); taken ~ herte, take (sth.) to heart, feel deeply about (sth.); (i) to (a conclusion, an end, the end); tellen tales ~ the ende, to tell tales in full detail; ~ what ende thei shal comen, what outcome they shall have; (j) for (rent, sale); isetten ~ gavel, leten (putten, etc.) ~ ferme, setten ~ hire, etc., to rent out (sth.), grant the use of revenues from (sth.) in return for a fixed payment [see also ferme n.(2) 3.(a), (b), (c)]; (k) in misc. phrases [the precise gloss is highly contextual]; beren ~, to bring (peace) to (sb.); comen (drauen) ~, of temptation, vice, sorrow, etc.: come upon (sb., one's heart); comen ~ the ward, come over thee; ileden ~ deth, of a way of life: lead (sb.) to death; kennen (techen) ~, direct (sb.) to (sb. else, sth., a place) [see also techen v. 12.(c)]; repairen ~, take refuge in (God's love), repair to; (l) in phrases expressing succession or sequence: from..~, from (one person, item, act, etc.) to (another) in order or sequence [see also from prep. 3.(a), (b)]; also in generalizing expression of inclusiveness [quot. c1400]; also with adverbs, in genealogical contexts: doun (doun-ward, upward) ~, down (back) to (sb.) in a genealogy.