In words taken from OF (& L): (a) derived from verbs, with 'passive' meaning: accept-able, agre-able, am-able, blam-able, chaunge-able, forfet-able, fortun-able, honor-able, etc.; (b) derived from……

A productive suffix in adverbs, almost always formed on adjectives in -able. Closely bound as the two suffixes are, some examples of the adjective may well be back formations from the adverb, or the……

A suffix forming numerous abstract nouns denoting quality or condition, most of them directly borrowed from French or Anglo-Norman, some formed from Latin nouns in -atia or -acia (in some cases……

Only in a few nouns taken from OF or L, as pinn-acle, tabern-acle. …

In words taken from OF: (a) cooking terms, as fig(u)-ade a fig desert, pever-ade (cp. F poivr-ade) pepper sauce, sal-ade salad, greens; (b) bal-ade; citrin-ade a cosmetic; (c) in at least one ME……

In many nouns taken from OF, denoting states, actions, concretes, groups, rights, services, etc., e.g. avauntage, baggage, baronage, cariage, coinage, courage, cousinage, heritage, homage, langage,……

Only in agent nouns taken from Old French, as h)om-ager (from hom-age), mess-ager (from mess-age), pass-ager (from pass-age). …

In action nouns from OF, as arivaille, bataille, espousaille, travail(le. …

In some adjs. and nouns taken from OF, as certain, germain, Romain; fontain(e, mountain(e. …

In a number of adjs. & nouns taken from OF, as necessaire; adversaire, lapidaire, secretaire. …

(a) In numerous adjs. taken from Latin, either directly or by way of Old French, as annu-al, -el, cordi-al, formal, -el, funer-al, gener-al, mort-al, natur-al, tempor-al, -el; (b) in a number of……

In several nouns taken from Latin, denoting persons, as Affrican, publican. …

The regional variant of the suffix of the pr.ppl. peculiar to the North and parts of the North Midland, corresp. to -ende, -inde, -inge in other areas. …

In the adjs. bai-ard bay (horse), blanch-ard white (horse), and in the nouns bast-ard, bus-ard buzzard, dunce, cou-ard, trich-ard, taken from OF. …

In adjs. and nouns adopted from Latin: (a) adjs.: contrarie, necess-arie, secund-arie, solit-arie, volunt-arie, etc, ; (b) agent nouns: advers-arie, apothec-arie, secretarie; (c) other nouns……

(a) In numerous ppls. taken from Latin ( ?& OF), e.g. cre-at, desol-at, determin-at, fortun-at, immacul-at, moder-at, ordin-at, priv-at, separ-at; (b) in several nouns (orig. ppls.) taken from Latin (……

In several nouns taken from Latin: magistr-at, sen-at. …

Examples are: cre-aten, desol-aten, equ-aten, fortun-aten, moder-aten, separ-aten. …

(a) In many (learned) adjs. taken from Latin or OF, as demonstr-atif, -ive, figur-atif, -ive, imagin-atif, -ive; -- often used as nouns; (b) in at least one adj. formed on the stem of an E verb: talk-……

(a) In many agent nouns from Latin (often by way of OF), e.g. cre-atour, cur-atour, dict-atour, fornic-atour, idol-atour, medi-atour, or-atour, salv-atour; (b) in equ-ator. …

A suffix forming numerous collective or abstract nouns denoting states, attitudes, or activities, most of them directly borrowed from French, some formed from Latin words in -antia- on the French……

A suffix forming numerous abstract nouns of quality or state, usually modeled directly on a Latin original, such as elefancie, elegancie, infancie, preroganci, warancie, occasionally borrowed from……

(a) In many pr.ppls. taken from OF, e.g. abound-a(u)nt, appar-a(u)nt, ard-a(u)nt, arrog-a(u)nt, charge-a(u)nt, ramp-aunt, -and, etc.; (b) in a number of nouns (orig. ppls.) adopted from OF, as……

A suffix forming nouns, usually in words borrowed from French (such as artificie, benefice, malefice, marshalsie, minstralsie, prophecie, seneshalsie) or Latin (such as servicie), but occasionally……

A suffix in a few borrowed words denoting forms of polity and belonging to the philosophical domain: aristogracie, oligracie, timotracie. …

This suffix survives in Orm., supported by ON *-kund: god-cund divine, gram -cund angry, grim -cund fierce. Orm's name-cund 'famous' is an adaptation of ME name-cǒuþ (OE nam-cūþ). …

In nouns formed on nouns, denoting office, rank, status, or state, but also the domain or realm of an office or institution. (a) From OE: alder-dom, kine-dom, king-dom; cristen-dom, hethen-dom……

Derivational suffix not formative in ME, but inherited from OE: (a) in agent nouns and in abstracts: webb-e weaver: web webb, fabric [OE webb-a: web(b ], hunt-e hunter: hunt-en to hunt [OE hunt-a:……

Forming the dat.sg., as in ring-e, bōn-e, lō̆mb-e, hill-e, kinn-e, līv-e, contrasting with the nom. & acc.sg. ring, bōn, lō̆mb, hil, kin, līf [OE hring-e, bān-e, lomb-e, hyll-e, cynn-e, līf-e:……

Forming the plural of the indefinite (strong) declension, as in gōd-e folk good people, theues gōd-e good manners [OE -e, -a]. …

(a) In the pres.ind.sing.1 of all verbs, except the pret. presents: e.g. i(ch find-e, dēm-e [OE -e, -u]; (b) in all persons of the pres. and past subj.sing. of all verbs: e.g. i(ch, thǒu, hē……

After final unstressed -e was no longer pronounced (first in the North, last in the South) the letter was often retained in the spelling to indicate that the preceding stressed vowel was long, as……

Forming adjectives (a) on nouns: bērd-ed having a beard; ring-ed provided with a ring, made of rings [OE hring-ed]; horn-ed having horns, shaped like a horn [cp. OE hyrned beaked]; hōk-ed hook-like……

Forming the past participle of weak verbs, reduced to -d in later ME: e.g. dēm-ed [OE dēm-ed], lǒv-ed [OE ge-)luf-od], blāmed [OF bla(s)m-é], shāp-ed beside earlier shāp-en [OE sceap-en]. …

Forming the singular of the past indicative and subjunctive of weak verbs (except second-person singular indicative, which ends in -est), later reduced by stages to -ed, -d: (a) inherited from OE……

Inflectional suffix in verbs, forming the plural of the past indicative and subjunctive of weak verbs; later reduced by successive stages to -ede, -ed, -d: e.g. herede(n [OE her-edon, -eden] , lōk-……

Derivational suffix in nouns: (a) In a few diminutives: kirn-el kernel, grain, from korn [OE cyrn-el: corn]; hī̆pel little heap, from hēp heap [OE hȳpel: hēap]; (b) in nouns denoting agents……

Derivational suffix in a few adjectives, formed to go with verbs: hā̆t-el hateful, hostile, cp. hāt-en to hate [OE hat-ol, het-ol: hat-ian]; swik-el treacherous, cp. swīk-en deceive [OE swik-ol:……

Derivational suffix in verbs, often denoting diminutive, repetitive, or intensive actions or events (formed on verbs, earlier also on nouns): (a) Inherited from OE: brast-(e)len clatter, cp……

Derivational suffix in diminutives and affectionate terms: faunt-(e)let little child (from faunt child); tart-(e)let (from tarte tart); brac-elet, chap-(e)let. …

Derivational suffix (later replaced by -el) in nouns formed on verbs, denoting objects: e. g. rē̆ch-els, rē̆k-els incense, cp. rēk-en give off smoke or vapor [OE rēc-els: rēcan]; smē̆r-(e)les……

Derivational suffix occurring in a few nouns denoting females (not formative in ME): fix-en she-fox [OE fyx-en: fox], minch-en nun [OE mynec-en nun: munec monk]. …

Derivational suffix in adjs. (a) formed on mass nouns (orig. with mutation of the root vowel): e.g. asshen adj.(1) [OE æsc-en: æsc]; copren; gī̆ld-en, later gō̆ld-en, from gō̆ld [OE gyld-en:……

Forming the inf. (later reduced to -e, then lost): (a) from OE -an, as in sing-e(n, sett-e(n [OE sing-an, sett-an ]; (b) replacing -ien from OE -ian, except in the South, as in lọ̄k-e(n [OE lōc-ian……

Derivational suffix in verbs: (a) Inherited from OE, e.g. wāk-(e)n-en wake up [OE wæc-n-an], ēk-n-en increase [OE ēac-n-ian], lēch-(e)n-en cure [OE lǣc-n-ian], fast-en-en fasten [OE fæst-n-ian]……

Forming the plural of certain nouns [OE -an]: (a) retained in all the dialects in ei-en eyes, ēr-en ears, and ox-en throughout the ME period, although ei-es and ēr-es appear in later ME; (b) retained……

Inflectional suffix of adjs. in early ME: (a) forming the dat.sg. and the dat.pl. of the indefinite (strong) declension; (b) forming the oblique cases (exc. acc. neuter) of the sing. and all cases……

Inflectional suffix in verbs: (a) Forming the past ind.pl. of all verbs, e.g. fǒund-en, dēmd-en; (b) forming the pres.ind.pl. of the preterit-present verbs: e.g. kunn-en, mǒu-en, wit-en; (c) forming……

Inflectional and derivational suffix in nouns (forming the genitive plural), which when placed before a noun in later Middle English act to some degree as attributive possessive adjectives, probably……

A suffix forming numerous collective or abstract nouns denoting states, attitudes, or activities, most of them directly borrowed from French (e.g. absence, abstinence, accidence, adherence,……

A suffix forming numerous abstract nouns of quality or state, usually (perhaps invariably) modeled directly on a Latin original, such as adolescencie, intelligencie, nutrencie, pertinencie,……

Derivational suffix forming the present participle of all verbs in the earlier Midland texts (corresponding to N -ande and S -inde); later replaced by -ing(e. …

Inflectional suffix forming the gen.plural of many nouns in very early ME: (a) nouns that formed the gen.pl. in OE -ena, e.g. bēm-ene of trumpets; (b) some nouns that formed the gen.pl. in OE -a……

Derivational suffix, late ME variant of -aǧer, forming a few agent nouns, as pass-enǧer, -inǧer, -anǧer beside pass-aǧer; mess-enǧer, -inǧer, -anǧer beside mess-aǧer; also herb-enǧer beside herb-eǧ……

Derivational suffix (from earlier -re) forming the comp. of adjs.: (a) Without mutation of the root vowel: hard-er [OE heard-ra], bōld-er, bright-er, kēn-er, hōlī-er, lǒvelok-er, clēr-er, ǧentil-er……

Derivational suffix forming the comp. of adverbs, e.g. hard-er [OE heard-or], ēr-er earlier [OE ǣr-or], inn-er [OE inn-or]; also leng-er, ferr-er, replacing the earlier ME uninflected comparatives……

Derivational suffix forming verbs denoting repetitive-diminutive actions or events: (a) Inherited from OE: shim-er-en [OE scim-(e)r-ian shimmer: scīm-ian shine, glisten]; wand-er-en [OE wand-r-ian……

Forming agent nouns from nouns and verbs, esp. also names of persons engaged in a trade or profession. (a) Inherited from OE: e.g. bōk-ere scribe [OE bōc-ere, from bōc document, charter], salt-ere……

Inflectional suffix forming the plural of a few nouns in the South and the Midland: child-(e)re (also in the North, beside child-ren), ei-(e)re eggs, calv-(e)re beside calv-es, lamb-(e)re beside la……

Inflectional ending of the definite (strong) adj. occurring in early ME: (a) in the gen. and dat. sing. feminine and (b) in the gen. plur. The gen.pl. inflection -er survives in the indef. numeral……

Derivational suffix, partly with diminutive or affective force: cok-erel young cock, pik-erel (from pīk pike), dot-(e)rel foolish person (beside dot-ard); also mongrel, makerel, costerel bottle……

Inflectional suffix forming the plural of a few nouns: child-(e)ren, ei-ren eggs, calv-(e)ren calves, lamb-(e)ren lambs. …

Derivational suffix forming nouns denoting female agents to go with nouns for male agents in -er(e, -iēr, -ǒur [OF -re, -i)er, eor]: e.g. sorc-eresse: sorc-er sorcerer; avout-(e)resse adulteress: a……

(a) Many nouns in -erīe were adopted from OF (not a few along with the corresponding agent nouns in -re, -iēr, -ǒur): e.g. arch-erīe (and arch-(i)ēr), cheval-erīe (and cheval-ēr), hostel-erīe (and……

Derivational suffix forming adverbs of time, place, and manner: (a) Inherited from OE, e.g. dai-es by day, night-es by night, nēd-es of necessity, sōth-es truly (cp. the adv. phrases his willes vol……

Forming the gen.sg.: (a) Inherited from OE -es in a large number of nouns (old masculines and neuters): e.g. stōn-es, wǒlv-es, pā̆th-es, segg-es, hill-es, spēr-es, fōt-es, frẹ̄nd-es, lō̆mb-es.(b)……

In the gen.sg. masc. & neut. of the indefinite (strong) declension [OE -es], only in very early ME (later dropped). Relics of this inflection survive in a number of set phrases, e.g. eies weies,……

Forming the pres. & past ind.sg.2 of all verbs (exc. the present of some of the preterit presents) in the North and the North Midland [Nhb. -es, -as]: e.g. sing-es, tāk-es, lǒv-es; sang-es, tōk-es,……

Derivational suffix, forming nouns for female beings or agents from nouns denoting male beings or agents. (a) Adopted from OF: e.g. cǒunt-esse, duch-esse, prīor-esse, abb-esse [OF abb(e)-esse: abbé ab……

Derivational suffix forming the superlative of adjs. and advs. (a) Without mutation of the root vowel: hard-est [OE heard-est], kēn-est [OE cēn-ost], hōli-est, clēr-est, ǧentil-est etc.; (b) with……

Variant of -es, forming adverbs and prepositions, e.g. among-est beside among-es, ayēn-est beside ayēn-es against, amidd-est beside amidd-es. The -est results from an analysis of such phrases as……

Forming the pres. ind. sg. 2 of all verbs (except the preterit presents) and the past ind. sg. 2 of weak verbs in the South and in the Midland (in competition with the Northern -es in the North……

Derivational suffix forming agent nouns from verbs and nouns, especially names for women (later also for men) engaged in an occupation. (a) Inherited from OE (often contrasting with nouns in -ere……

Derivational suffix in words adopted from OF, where it formed diminutives. In ME the diminutive force is preserved in some of the words, but lost in others. (a) With diminutive force, e.g. castel-et……

Derivational suffix occurring in several nouns denoting activities: fish-eth fishing [OE fisc-oþ], hunteth hunting [OE hunt-oþ], begg-eth begging, brīb-eth pilfering, bobb-eth buffeting. These words……

Forming the pres.ind.sg.3 of all verbs, except the preterit presents, in the South and (about 1400) in the greater part of the Midland: e.g. dẹ̄m-eth [OE dēm-eþ, dēm-þ], lǒv-eth [OE luf-aþ], bīd-eth [……

Derivational suffix forming adjs. on certain nouns. It is a blend of the two synonymous compound adj. suffixes -iv-ǒus (as in plent-iv-ǒus) and -ẹ̄-ǒus (as in plent-ẹ̄-ǒus). Examples are: bǒunt-ẹ̄vǒus……

Suffix in verbs taken from OF, e.g. ede-fīen (1340), glōri-fīen (1340), seinte-fīen (1390), ampli-fīen, falsi-fīen, recti-fīen. In late ME the suffix became productive, e.g. clene-fī-en make clean……

Forming adjs. (used also as advs., and occas. as nouns) on cardinal numerals and on indefinite numerals, and having such meanings as 'consisting of or comprising x parts, units, specimens, etc.'……

Final member in cpd. nouns whose prior member denotes a container, e.g. bagge-ful, cuppe-, dish-, egshel-, hand-. These cpds. resulted from the analysis of such phrases as ane cuppe plus ful wines……

Most of the adjs. in -ful are formed from nouns denoting feelings, attitudes, mental or moral states, or the like. (a) Some are inherited from OE, e.g. care-ful sorrowful, troublesome; eie(s)-ful frig……

Forming adverbs, in the sense 'in..way, in..manner, in..wise'; anigat, in any way. [See algate(s, anigates, hougate(s, manigate(s, nogate(s, nothergate, othergate(s, overgate, sogate(s, thergates,……

A derivational suffix forming nouns: (a) in composition with a noun as simplex, denoting (as in OE) rank or position, but also condition, quality, and (later) activity or qualities typical of the……

Derivational suffix common in adjectives from OE: bisi, crafti, gredi, holi, hungri(e, weri, etc.; also common in adjectives derived from nouns in ME: gleui, halki, happi, hasti(e, horni, worthi……

Derivational suffix in borrowed adjectives: bestial, celestial, cordial, material, etc.; also in nouns from such adjectives; rarely in new formations in ME: genealogial, terrestrial, etc. …

Derivational suffix in adjectives from Latin or Old French: convertible, digestible, forcible, impossible, terrible, etc.; also in ME derivatives: credibli, impossiblenesse, pesibli, unpossible……

Derivational suffix in adjectives from Latin or Old French: canonical, musical, etc.; in ME derivatives: gramaticalli, etc.; and in adjectives probably formed in ME: comical, domestical,……

An inflectional suffix in pr. ind. sg. 1, pr. subj. sg., and impv. sg. of verbs: (a) from the OE second weak class: answeren, boden v. (1), loven v. (1), maken v. (1), etc.; (b) from other OE verb……

A derivational suffix in nouns, adjectives, and adverbs; e.g., honi, holi, adj., holli adv. …

A diminutive suffix in nouns; e.g., hobi and many personal names. …

A derivational suffix in abstract and collective nouns: (a) from OF or L, e.g., auncestrie, compaignie, comedie, felonie, heresie, ipocrisie, jelousie, policie, ribaudie; (b) rarely in ME……

A reduced form of -if, -ive, as in hasti(e, joli(e, etc. …

A derivational suffix in nouns and adjectives, indicating place of origin, occupation, religion, or association with a country, person, planet, etc.: (a) in words from OF or ML: Arabien, cirurgien,……

An inflectional suffix in the infinitive, present plural indicative and subjunctive of verbs: (a) from the OE second weak class: answerien, var. of answeren, bisien, bodien, var. of boden, folwien……

A suffix forming present participles, chiefly in Southern, Kentish, and South Midland; replaced early in the North & NMidlands by -and, elsewhere in the Midlands by -end(e; replaced later in most……

A derivational suffix in nouns, indicating an instrument, an agent, or a person having an occupation, trade, or profession: (a) in ME formations: brasier, colier, glasier, heliere, lauiere, loviere……

An inflectional suffix in the pr. pl. ind. & subj., less frequently in the pr. sg. 3, of verbs: (a) from the OE second weak class: bisien, herien v. (2), loven v. (1), maken v. (1), etc.; (b) from……

A derivational suffix in adjectives, adverbs, and nouns: (a) basically from OF, e.g., adoptif, hastif, jolif, baillif, caitif, fugitif; (b) basically from L, e.g., aggregatif, attractif, digestif,……

A suffix forming present participles, chiefly Southern, Kentish, & South Midland; e.g., in deren, loven v. (1), maken v.(1). …