A garment, esp. one with symbolic connotations;—freq. pl.; also fig. [quot. a1475]; coll. raiment, clothing; also, grave clothes [quot. ?a1450]; vestement roial, roial vestement, a royal robe of……

In phrase: ben vested in, law of property: to be secured in the possession of (sb.). …

(a) The vestry of a church; vestri dore; vestri girdel, a belt used to tuck in a monastic habit so that it would not show when celebrating a mass; vestri warde-robe, ?a wardrobe used to store……

The European betony (Betonica officinalis or Stachys betonica). …

(a) A visual perception (of sth.); also, one’s vision [1st quot.]; in veu, in full view (b) a gaze; flien to the veu, of a hawk: to fly at a quarry which she herself has sighted; (c) mental and……

(a) Physical suffering or affliction; also, a disturbance in a part of the body [1st quot.] (b) the act of inflicting trouble on others; trouble, tribulation; ?also, weariness [quot. a1500(?a1450)];……

(a) A journey by land or sea; a pilgrimage; a journey of adventure; the journey and sojourn of an ambassador [quot. a1475]; also, travel [quot. a1420]; don (gon, holden, maken, nimen, taken) viage,……

(a) Prepared food; a dish, esp. an elaborate dish; also fig. (b) cook. in names of specific dishes, freq. consisting of ground poultry or fish or fruit boiled in almond milk or wine, thickened, and……

A provider of hospitality, a host generous with food. …

(a) One who stands in place of another, a representative, deputy, lieutenant; also, fig. a thing which acts on behalf of something else [2nd quot.]; a thing which resembles something else [3rd quot.]……

(a) One who stands in place of another, a representative, deputy, lieutenant; also, a thing which serves as a substitute [1st quot.]; also, fig. a thing which acts on behalf of something else [3rd……

(a) An undesirable or a negative physical quality in a material object or substance, an imperfection, a flaw; also, an impurity (b) a physical imperfection in a human or an animal body, physical……

(a) Unwholesome, impure; also, corrupting, insalubrious; also in fig. context [last quot.] (b) of a text: erroneous or corrupt; (c) pernicious, harmful; (d) law ?improperly executed, invalid;……

(a) Military supremacy, victory in battle; haven (winnen) victoire, to be victorious, triumph (b) haven victoire of (upon), to overcome (an enemy), defeat; (c) superior military force; (d) victoire……

(a) Military supremacy, victory in battle, armed conflict, a physical contest, etc.; also, a victory; victori in (of) bataille; haven (winnen, etc.) victori (b) the vanquishing (of an enemy army, a……

(a) Achieving or demonstrating military supremacy, triumphing in feats of arms or strength, victorious; also, consistently superior in combat, contests, etc., invincible; of deeds or battles……

(a) An old man; also [2nd quot.], used pejoratively: a dodderer, dotard; ?a villain; olde viellar; (b) as surname. …

(a) Mighty, powerful; (b) energetic in combat, valiant; fierce, warlike; (c) energetic in the pursuit of a goal, purposive; bestirred to action, zealous; (d) impassioned; (e) as surname. …

(a) Vitality, energy, strength; also, vital essence (b) physical strength; energy in an activity; also, military force; martial prowess; energy or zeal in battle;—also pl.; (c) determination,……

(a) Of an abstract entity or a nonmaterial thing: offensive to the moral sense, morally repugnant (b) of a material thing, the world, etc.: of no value or utility, worthless, undesirable; also, of……

(a) An unfree tenant holding land in villeinage or doing villein service; a bondsman; ?also, a villein service or a portion of land of villein status [quot. 1470]; also [quot. ?a1425], ?a resident of……

(a) Ill-bred, not refined; also, ill-mannered, discourteous; churlish; also used of the heart; (b) wicked, evil, vicious. …

(a) The status of a villein; excepcioun of vileinage, law a plea in which a defendant objects that a plaintiff’s claims ought to be disallowed owing either to the latter’s villein status or to his……

Fig. The condition or state of being a thrall to sin. …

A wine vessel of some sort. …

A vineyard;—used in fig. context. …

(a) Any plant of the genus Vitis, esp. V. vinifera, a vine; also fig.;—also coll. [a few pl. exx. could also be construed as (b)]; ?also, a twig or branch of a vine [quot. ?1440]; also, a pictorial……

(a) Vinegar, usu. wine vinegar; vinegre of wine; vinegre botel, a container for vinegar; red vinegre, vinegar made from red wine (b) vinegar as used in culinary and medicinal recipes; red (whit)……

(a) A vineyard grower or worker; ?also fig. [quot. a1398, last]; (b) as surname. …

(a) A plant of the genus Vitis, a vine; vini lef, a vine leaf; vini yerd, a vineyard; also fig.; whit vini, the common or white bryony (Bryonia dioica) (b) ?a vineyard [quot. may belong to (a) or be……

(a) A wine merchant; a vintner; marchaunt vinter; (b) as surname. …

(a) One who plays the viol or fiddle, a fiddler; (b) as surname. …

(a) A ring, band, or cap, usu. of metal, put around the end of a piece of wood, the handle of an implement, etc., a ferrule (b) a metal pivot on the projecting end of an axle on a crane, windlass,……

(a) A young unmarried woman without (or presumptively without) sexual experience, a maiden; also fig. and in fig. context (b) a person of either sex without sexual experience; a woman who has never……

(a) A circle, circuit; in the viroun of, around (sb.); (b) extent, distance; in adv. phrase: a gret viroun, for quite a distance. …

(a) To make the circuit of (a place), travel around; virounen abouten; (b) to surround (sb. or sth.), enclose; also, fig. beset (sb.); virounen abouten. …

(a) A spiral staircase; also, the shaft of a spiral stair; vis dore, the door to a spiral stairway (b) a screw; also, the screw of a press; remevinge vis, ?a removable screw; (c) a winch, crane; ?a……

A prefix in a small number of nouns (eight), the primary meaning of which, when attached to personal nouns indicating the holder of an office or a title, is ‘subordinate in rank’ or ‘acting as a……

(a) An administrator in charge of a county, a sheriff; also, ?a lord’s deputy in charge of a domain [quot. c1460] (b) a nobleman ranking between an earl and a baron, a viscount;—sometimes used as……

A fixed yearly amount of royal revenue from a shire, paid into the Exchequer by the sheriff. …

The jurisdiction of a viscount or the territory under his jurisdiction. …

(a) The visor of a helmet; ?also, a representation of a visor [next to last quot.]; demi viser, a half-visor; (b) a mask; also fig. and in fig. contexts; (c) ?some kind of cooking or eating utensil. …

A visual perception (of sth.), a sight; also used of the beatific vision [2nd quot.]. …

(a) The act of visiting; the act of visiting prisoners or the sick (one of the seven works of corporal mercy); a visit; also, the act of visiting a saint’s relics [quot. ?a1475]; visitacioun of oure……

(a) To go to see (sb.), pay a call on; also, seek out (sb., sheep) (b) to visit (a sick person, prisoner, etc.) for the purpose of bestowing comfort or assistance, minister to; also fig. [quot.……

(a) One who visits a person or place; ?also, a guardian [1st quot.]; (b) eccl. an inspector, one charged with examining and reforming an ecclesiastical establishment; also fig. and in fig. contexts. …

(a) Food, food and drink, esp. as needed for sustenance; comestible commodities;—usu. pl. (b) stocks of food and drink, esp. for use in warfare or travel; a store of provisions; pl. supplies; (c)……

(a) To provide (sb., oneself) with supplies of food and drink or other necessities; supply (sb., oneself with necessities); also, fig. nourish or fortify (one’s soul); wel vitailed (b) to furnish or……

(a) A seller of food or food and drink; a trader in foodstuffs; also, fig. a provider of that which is necessary to sustain life [quot. c1475] (b) one who supplies or tries to supply an armed force……

(a) That which is necessary to sustain life, food; (b) pl. items of food or drink, comestibles; (c) pl. produce of the land, food crops. …

Blame, censure. …

Living, alive. …

(a) Lively, active, mobile;—only in comb.: argent vive, the metal mercury, quicksilver [cp. argent n. & adj. (c)] (b) in a raw state, not modified to reduce chemical reactivity, unslaked; calce vive,……

(a) Any relatively small body of water used to maintain fish or waterfowl, a fishpond or duck pond; also, any relatively small body of water, a pond, pool; (b) in surnames. …

(a) Summons or urging, calling; (b) an appointment to an ecclesiastical office; (c) a calling upon God by name, invocation. …

(a) The voice of a human being, centaur, etc.; a voice; also, vocal sound; a vocal sound or a sound made in speaking; in (with) o voice, in unison; in voice, aloud; soun (of) voice (b) the voice of……

(a) Nothingness, the void; (b) no contents, nothing; also, emptiness; also, an empty place; (c) abstinence from food, hunger. …

A drink taken before retiring or the departure of guests, a parting drink; also, a repast taken before retiring, dessert [last quot.]. …

(a) Without contents, empty; also fig. and in fig. context; of a river: empty of water, etc.; of a pen: empty of ink (b) of the stomach or part of the intestinal tract: without food, empty; of the……

(a) To empty (sth.) of its contents; clear (a house, country, etc.); also, rid (a land of a belief or sentiment); also fig. and in fig. context; ppl. voidede, emptied, cleared; of a river: drained……

Emptied, cleared. …

Will, intention. …

Cunning, guile; in voisdie, craftily. …

(a) ?A ruler of a state adjacent to some other state, a neighboring ruler; (b) ?a state adjacent to some other state and subordinate to it; ?a neighboring province; (c) in names. …

(a) Proceeding from, subject to, or determined by the will; arising from willfulness, arbitrary; of the mind, heart, etc.: capable of unconstrained working, directed by volition; phil. not……

(a) Will, desire; intent, intention; also, ?force of will [quot. ?a1439, 2nd]; don volunte; haven volunte of, to satisfy (one’s) desire for (a woman), have (one’s) way with (b) in selected prep.……

The act or process of regurgitation of the stomach’s contents, emesis. …

To summon (sb., a group of individuals), call; vouchen to recorde, call upon (sb., God) for corroboration of a statement, call as witness; law vouchen to warant, vouchen ani garant, summon (sb.) to……

(a) A solemn promise, usu. made to God, a saint, a goddess, etc., to take some action, render some service, or behave in some specified manner, often in expectation of or gratitude for some favor; vou……

A sound produced by the unobstructed passage of air through the oral cavity, a vowel;—also coll.; also, a letter representing such a sound; also in jocular misuse for wel(le n. [quot. c1475]; half (a)……

(a) To make a solemn promise, make a commitment (b) to pledge oneself to (a solemn commitment); vouen voue (avoue); (c) to pledge (sth., to do sth., that one will do sth., etc.); promise (sth. to……

Arch. (a) A stone shaped for building a vault or an arch, a wedge-shaped stone;—also coll.; (b) an arched ceiling or other vaulted structure [1st quot.]; also, ?coll. vaulting, vault work, arches. …

The native or common language of a nation, the vernacular. …

(a) A bird of prey of the family Accipitridae, an Old World vulture; (b) ?as surname. …

(a) A cake or confection, presumably usu. thin, crisp, and sweetened, baked between irons; also, a sacramental or eucharistic wafer; wafer irenes; (b) as surname [prob. confused with waferer n. (b)]. …

(a) A pledge, guarantee, surety; winter wage, a foretaste of winter, the promise of winter’s approach; holden in wage, to hold (sth.) hostage; (b) a promise or pledge to meet in battle. …

(a) Something pledged or sworn to, a promise, vow (b) an agreement whereby something is pledged on the outcome of a future event, a bet, wager; also, the sum or object held as a surety pending the……

The dyestuff made from the plant Isatis tinctoria, woad; also in designations for woad of specific geographical origin. …

(a) A dyer with or purveyor of woad; (b) as surname. …

Wailing, lamentation; a cry of sorrow; also, sorrow, grief; a state of sorrow [quot. c1425, 1st]. …

(a) To cry out in sorrow, wail, lament;—also refl.; also, have or feel sorrow, be sorrowful; waimenten after, cry for (sth.), ?long in sorrow for; (b) to bewail (sth.), lament. …

(a) Profit, advantage, benefit; (b) spoils, booty; ?also, victory [2nd quot.]. …

?To obtain (sth.); also, ?recover (one’s senses). …

As a term of abuse: a lazy dog, a worthless person. …

(a) One who earns one’s bread, a servant, laborer; also used contemptuously [1st quot.]; (b) a gauntlet [cp. gain-pain n.]; (c) as surname. …

(a) A watcher, an observer, onlooker; a covert observer, spy (b) a lookout, watchman, sentinel; a military guard; also, a palace or city guard; also fig.; waites place, a lookout post; (c) a……

(a) To direct one’s gaze, look; gaze (out a window or cave opening); waiten abouten, waiten him umbe, etc (b) to fasten one’s gaze (on sb. or sth.), look (at sb. or sth.); stare (into sth.); (c) to……

(a) A gallop;—used only in adv. phrase: a walop, at a gallop; (b) as surname. …

= gaumbisoun n. …

Hawk. A secondary wing feather. …

(a) The plant madder (Rubia tinctorum); (b) ?the plant crosswort (Galium cruciata). …

(a) One who guards or defends, a protector;—also used of God; also, a champion; drauen to warant, to resort to or betake oneself (to sb. or Christ) as a protector or for protection;—also refl. (b)……

To act as protector, afford protection [quot. a1470, 2nd]; protect (sb. or sth., oneself), shield; also, guarantee the safety of (sth.), guard; save (sb. from death), rescue. …

(a) A formal guarantee or assurance of quality; also, the validation or authorization of one’s claim on God’s mercy (provided by Christ’s passion) (b) law a guarantee of title to property, a formal……

To protect (sb. or sth.), shield; also, save (sb. from hell). …

(a) Keeping, care, custodial possession; safekeeping, storage; protection, preservation; maintenance; sauf ward [see also sauf adj. 6.(c)]; ward store, provisions, stores [prob. by reanalysis of warne……

A piece of armor for the arm. …

(a) A cloak, mantle; also, a tunic; (b) a bodyguard; also, an attendant, esquire; (c) as surname. …

(a) A guardian, protector, defender; a rescuer, preserver; also fig. and in fig. context; also, a heavenly patron; a guardian angel (b) one who is responsible for guarding, safeguarding, or attending……

(a) To stand guard, keep watch; protect (against sth.), guard; also in fig. context; also, defend oneself [last quot.] (b) to protect (sb. or sth., oneself), defend, guard; protect (sb. or sth.……