Middle English Dictionary Entry
vicā̆r(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | vicā̆r(e n. Also vicair(e, vicer(e, vicker, vikar(e, viker(e, vikeir(e, vikir, vecare, veker, vekir, wicar(e, (late) vicour & (in surname) vikaire; pl. vicars, etc. & vicarisse, vigares, vikirris. |
Etymology | OF vicaire, AF vicair, vicar(e, vicer, vikar(e, vikaire, viker(e, from L vicārius n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. vicari(e n.(1).
1.
(a) One who stands in place of another, a representative, deputy, lieutenant; also, fig. a thing which acts on behalf of something else [2nd quot.]; a thing which resembles something else [3rd quot.]; ~ general, a chief representative or deputy;
(b) one to whom apostolic power or authority has been delegated; one designated as the earthly representative of God or Christ, as the Pope, a cleric; also, fig. the earthly embodiment (of the Godhead, Christ’s manhood); an inanimate or abstract deputy or agent of God; ~ general, a chief deputy, agent, or representative of God; also, in phrases used as papal titles: ~ of crist (peter), cristes (goddes) ~.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6033 : Ne sekith neuer othir vicaire, For they shal speke with hem so faire That ye shal holde you paied full wele, Though ye you medle neuer a dele.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)12/25 : Þe nucha…is þe vicaire off þe braines.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)37/14 : Þei ben 34 verreie spondiles…& þre of ossis caude, þat is to seien, off þe tailende, þe whiche be not verreie spondiles but be similitude oþere liclye to hem as vicaires [L vicarie].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.756 : First into Gaule he sente a gret poweer, And Maxymyan he made ther his vikeer.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)510 : Vyker [Win: vykare]: Vicarius.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1714 : Vaspasian…hath powere Of Rome, and is Neros vikere.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)85/19 : Þis prefecte in absence of þe emperours legat haþ hollich þe emperours power as his viker [L uicarius].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)1393 : I sawe be sydes a mayster stond…And sempte that sholde be Lyk a vyker doutles Off Aaron & of Moyses…In hys hond a staff held…And hornyd also was hys hed.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)195/14 : Lett euiry lord at þe lest haue ten vikyrris and lette euiry vikyr haue x personis or ductoris.
- a1486 Ordin.Lists in RS 55.1 (Lnsd 285)323 : The conestable sittyng in his place abovesaid a fore the kyng, as his vicar generall…shall say with high voice…‘Lessiez lez aler.’
b
- c1390 RSicily (Vrn)17 : His broþer was mad emperour; His oþer broþer, Godes vikere, Pope of Rome.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.20 : Lo I, nature, Thus kan I forme and peynte a creature…For he that is the formere principal Hath maked me his vicaire general.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2804 : The vicair general of alle Of hem that lieven Cristes feith…hihte Pope Nicolas.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27106 : Thinc for-þi naman scam in liue, Noght anes to preist his sinnes scriue, Bot elles to godd bot was wicare.
- c1400 Wycl.Let.Urban (Bod 647)505 : Þo pope is hyeste vicar þat Crist has here in erthe.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)34/15-16 : Knyȝthod, representing þe myȝt & þe powere of þe fadir, is þe viker of þe godhed, and presthod, representing þe wisedam of þe sone, is þe viker of Cristis manhod.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3837 : He es in erthe, Godes vicar calde.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)146/31 : Þe which blood…is kepte in þe tresour hucche of þe modir of holy chirche, to be mynystrid to ȝou by þe hondis of a prest, my viker.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)379 : Nature, the vicaire [vr. vicare] of the almyghty Lord…hot, cold, hevy, lyght, moyst, and dreye Hath knyt by evene noumbres of acord.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)122 : Holy chirche hath resonably ordeyned and beden…make oure confessioun trewely of oure synne to the preostes that he hath specially ordeyned in his stede as his vikeres.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)674 : Nature…is of God mynystir and vikeer.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)13/17 : Alle Cristen shulde be…vndyr the power of hym that were Cristis vekyr and the successour of Peter.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)140 : Cristes mooder…He hath thee maked vicaire [vr. vecare] and maistresse Of al this world.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.1320 : Nature…is vnder god made be patent letter his viker general.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.335 : The pope desirede…Lanffrancus scholde…falle downe to the feete of the vicare of blissede Petyr.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)332 : What meued þis late popes to make furst þis lawe, whenne…god meued not crist ne hise vikers to sue it.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)1 : On þat is put is þis: þat þe pope is not þe vicar of Crist nor of Petir.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11958 : Preestis here wolde him chese Goddis viker to binde and lese.
2.
Eccl.
(a) One appointed to act as priest in a parish in place of the real parson, a parish vicar; ~ perpetuelle, perpetuelle ~, a parish vicar appointed permanently to his position; prudence of vicars, a group of vicars;
(b) an official of a cathedral or collegiate church; specif., one charged with the singing of a portion of the services, a choral vicar;
(c) one who takes the place of, or acts as a representative of, a prelate; ~ general, general ~, the chief deputy or representative of a bishop or an abbot.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(1389) Wycl.25 Art.(Dc 273)493 : No persone ne vicare ne prelate is excusud fro personele residense…in þer beneficys.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2008 : This euery lewed viker [vr. veker] or persoun Kan seye how ire engendreth homicide.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Phys-E)p.87 : Prestes, vikers, and parsounes Toht of thair bischop gret ferli.
- (1425) RParl.4.290b : Hit lyke to youwre hegh discretions, to pray oure sovereyn Lord the Kyng…that all maner of Parsones, and Vykeyrs, and Hospitilers…holde residence opon thaire Parsonages, Vikerages, and Hospitalites, opon payn of lesyng the valeu of thaire Benefice.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30105 : To the vicer of the same kirk, for offeryng and forgetyn tendes, x s.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)604 : A prudens of vygares.
- c1450 Yk.BPrayer(2) (Yk-M 16.M.4)68/21 : We sall pray specially for þe person or for þe vikar of þis kirke.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)649/4 : The perpetual vicar of the churche at Bloxham shal haue…all the auterage of that churche.
- c1475 in Hodgkin Proper Terms146 : A Prudens of Vycarysse.
- (1476) Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.5050 : William leek, vicar perpetuall, Robert Ewell and Robert Barly, chirch wardens…comaunde…That no man ne woman ne childe receyve no suche pepull.
- (1482) RParl.6.210a : Ther shuld be a Vicour endowed sufficiently with the yerly value of L Marcs above all charges.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)424,425 : Þe fend haþ founden cautels to bringe in vikeris in persouns stede…he seiþ þat…noun residense is excusid bi siche a viker…siche vikeris…oftetyme ben vnhable herdis.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.187 : Non persone ne vyckyr schulde makyn comenant with his parych prest þat he schulde besydyn his salarye takyn anuel or trentel.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.465 : Clerkes fliȝ þe travayle of þe queere…and dede vikers in here stede þat hadde ful litel for to lyve by, and whanne þey wolde nouȝt be amended by warnynge of kyng Edgar…noþer of þe archebisshop Donston, þe kyng ȝaf þe provendres of þese chirches to þe forseide vikers; But þe vikers were worse þanne þe raþere whan þey were i-made persouns, and lyvede in more outrage þan þe raþer dede.
- (a1436) Let.in Burton Hemingbrough392 : I comaunde me to ȝow…lattyng ȝow wit yt ya fyfte vicary in ȝour colleg kyrke of Hemmyngburgh es wacone…for Syr John Roklyff, yt vas wycar of ye forsaid wycary, is institute & inducte in a chantery in Hull; Qwar for, I besek…yt ȝe wald resave yt to…ye brodyr of ye bryngger of yis letter, for, os I ame informyde be ye vicars of yat plas…he is a fair voside man for a tribull, and kan syng suffisandly for any quer.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.48a : Henr’ late Duke of Lancastr’…founded…the Churche newe Collegiat of oure Lady Seynt Marye of Leycester, of a Deane, xii Chanons, xiii Vicars, iii Clerkes, vi Choresters, and a Verger perpetuell.
c
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.18 : Ȝif þe Pope and his vikeris wolden studie wel þis mater, þei shulden leve to assoile men so largely in þis fourme.
- (c1430) Paston1.13 : Ye arn vicar general in Inggelond of þe worthy prelate, þe Abbot of Clunie, and have hys powre in many grete articles.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)8023 : Ordande he Þe prior archedekyn forto be, And his generall vicare, Gif he war absent oght farr.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)80/16 : Let hure counte the nombre of the masses…that sche konne reherce hem when sche schal come a-fore the bisshop or his viker general.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)80/19 : The bisshop or his viker…may myche of here enioyned penaunce relese.
3.
In surnames; also in street name [quot. 1393].
Associated quotations
- (1222) Domesday Bk.St.Paul in Camd.6979 : Jordanus vikere.
- (1251) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames364 : Richard Vicar.
- (1265) Pat.R.Hen.III652 : Charles le Vicere.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2501a : Ricardus le Wycarisman.
- (1279) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms171 : Will. le Vykeyre.
- (1327) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames364 : Henry Attevickers.
- (1332) Cart.Oseney in OHS 97288 : Iohannes le vikeresman de Hogenortona.
- (1332) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames364 : Margery le Vikers.
- (1357) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.2.114 : Roger Vicaire.
- (1379) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames364 : Isabella Vikerwoman.
- (1393) Doc.Thaxted in Ess.ROP 3344 : [One acre newly built on next] vikerestrete.
- (1400) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames364 : Joan Atvicars.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.197/24 : John vicarsman of Hokenorton.
- 1662(1278) Bk.Vale Royal in LCRS 68 (Hrl 2064)200 : John le Vykaire.
- 1662(c1334) Bk.Vale Royal in LCRS 68 (Hrl 2064)106 : Robert le Vicarmon.