Middle English Dictionary Entry
viciǒus adj.
Entry Info
Forms | viciǒus adj. Also viciouse, vicios(e, vicius, vis(c)ious, vecious & (?errors) viscous, vycys, (error) wystus. |
Etymology | OF vicios, AF vicious, visious, wi(s)chous & L vitiōsus; the forms viscous & wystus perh. influenced by OF viscos wicked (from Gmc.). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Unwholesome, impure; also, corrupting, insalubrious; also in fig. context [last quot.];
(b) of a text: erroneous or corrupt;
(c) pernicious, harmful;
(d) law ?improperly executed, invalid; ?inaccurate, erroneous;
(e) ?insufficient, unsatisfactory, inferior.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)341/6 : Som reste is to lite and is vicious, for it refreisschiþ nouȝt kynde þat is wery.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)346/24 : If þe hedeache is wiþoute vicious humour and comeþ of som passinge qualite, þanne þe pacient nediþ no purgacioun.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)650/20 : Ȝif the welle in his owne sprynge be corrupte and viciouse, alle þat renneþ oute is viciouse and corrupte.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)29/249,250 : Go to þy priste…& schrife to hym of al þi misdedis…&…þe schalt a-non-rith be deliuered vrom þis vicius lepir of dedli synne…i may wil clepe þis lepur vicius, vor a-mang al maner siknes tat ben it is on þe most wikkyd.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Esth.(Bod 959)1 : Þe booc of ester to ben maad vicious of dyuerse translatouris is knowen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.2 Par.(Bod 959)22 : Þis booc of namys is viciows: þat not oneli ebrue names, but straunge summe & addid cast togidere it be to demyn…to þe blame of wrijteris it is to wijten.
c
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)155b/b : Þe crampe is a wondir viscous accident [*MS Htrn.95 f.93b/a: a pernicious & a wicked accident] And oþirwhile distriere of naturel membris wiþouten ende.
d
- (1393) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3257 : John de Ferrers…for to ensele the same forsaid viciouse fenyd chartre, refusid to do hit.
e
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.7.100 : Al that evere is undir the mene, or elles al that overpasseth the mene, despyseth welefulnesse (as who seith, it is vycious).
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)73/19 : Paciens of simulacioun or ypocrisi…This paciens also is vicious and noþing vertuos.
2.
(a) Morally or spiritually flawed, given to immoral or evil practices, full of vices; also, injurious to others, baleful in influence or conduct; ~ of bodi (disport), licentious, lecherous, unchaste; ~ of condicioun (condiciouns, governaunce), ~ of (in) livinge, disposed to wickedness or evil habits, inclined to immorality;
(b) of a physical or mental action, an attitude, attribute of a person, etc.: revealing or displaying sinfulness, depravity, lack of virtue, etc. in the actor, speaker, or possessor, antithetical to virtue; also, inciting to sinfulness, corrupting;
(c) of a way of life: embracing sinful behavior, conducted immorally or wickedly;
(d) as noun: wicked people, rogues, scoundrels; also, person. as a character in a pageant [quots. 1441 and 1467].
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3653 : Al thogh that Nero were as vicius As any feend that lith ful lowe adoun, Yet he…This wide world hadde in subieccioun.
- c1400(c1382) Wycl.PRSchism.(Dub 244)248 : Þes prelatis…ȝeve leve to prestis…to traveylle in her cause, al ȝif þei slee men, and suche þat have be comynly most viscious men of oþere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4395 : Vn-to wommen hindring is it noon, Among an hundrid þouȝ þat þer be oon Of gouernaunce þat be vicious, For þer ageyn a þousand vertuous…liȝtly ȝe may fynde.
- a1425 De Officio Militis (Ryl Eng 412)156 : Eueri vicious seruaunt…shulde be caste awei, for he sclaundreþ his maister bi his euel liuyng.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.5.92 : Servantz, yif thei ben vicyous of condyciouns, it is a gret charge and a destruccioun to the hous.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)115/13 : What man hath takyn þe ordyr of presthode, be he neuyr so vicyows a man in hys leuyng, ȝyf he sey dewly þo wordys ouyr þe bred þat owr Lord Ihesu Criste seyde…I be-leue þat it is hys very flesch.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)219/14 : He þat me greues for a grume, Be-ware, for wystus [?read: wyscus] I am.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)92/2 : Johannes XII…was vicious of lyuyng, a hunter outeragious, a lecchour withouten schame.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13196 : Swych ffolk…Off condicioun vycyous…ar glad ay to myssaye, And chastyte ffor to werraye.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.1089 : Thre þyngis he seith be orrible: A pouere man proude…A riche man a lier…An olde man a foole and vicious of disporte.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)406 : He was a viciouse man of his leuyng.
- a1500 Proc.Chanc.in Archaeol.ser.2.621 : Dan Robert Marshall had a manes wiffe in his selle…Hee…after contynually acompayned hym with her and other evill named and vicious wemen.
- ?a1500 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 306)467 : Wee been so vysyous, And so onkyndely frome hyr declyne.
- a1525(?1453) Cov.Leet Bk.278 : They ordeyn that yf eny officers fro this tyme forward be founde vicious of his body, that then he be put oute of his office.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2744 : No mynystre is apte to this entent But he sobre be…Close of tonge, of bodie not viciouse, Clenly of hondis.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2318 : He that is irous…ne may nat speke but blameful thynges and with hise viciouse wordes he stireth oother folk to angre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.792 : He is so ferforth Amourous, He not what thing is vicious Touchende love.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)574 : Al watz for…þe vylanye and þe vycios fylþe…Þat he his Saveour ne see wyth syȝt of his yȝen.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)98 : He day by day lay on this Emperice To make hir vn-to him flesshly consente…he stired hire…Vn-to this deede vicious and foul.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.107 : Ne power ne maketh nat a man myghty over hymselve, whiche that vicyous lustes holden destreyned with cheynes.
- c1440(?a1396) ?Hilton Angels' Song (Thrn)16/24 : Þe lykynges in þe sensualite ware fleschely, vayne, and vecyous.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)384/23 : If any man paraunter be…bounden be any maner priuate love…lette hym haue a good purpos forto withdrawe hym fro þat vicyous loue.
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)119/34 : I…perseyuyd my dysposycion, and knw that yt was vycys [?read: vycyus].
- a1456 Þou þat werred (Ashm 59)4 : Þou þat werred þe crowne of thornes, Fell dovne þe pryde of wommens hornes, And suffre hem longer with longe tayles, Ne none oþer vicyous entayles, Of noþer of males ne femayles.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)98/6 : Þe more þat þou hast knowleche of god and of vertues, þe more bisi is þe fende forto impungne and lette þe by inmissioun of vicious þoughtes.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1029 : Vicious violence May not purchace the vertue of sapience.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1893 : In euery mixte thinge, Euermore oon element desirith to be kinge; which prowde appetite of elementis & vicious, Mouyth men to be ambycious.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1182 : Iesus heuene kyng Ne wolde nat chese a vicious lyuyng.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)29/147 : A monke…for violence of vicious vs and custum…dredyngge his clennesse be persced and spild…coueytede no-þyng more þan þat þat myȝte do his body turment and disese.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.663 : Vicious lyff kometh alwey to myschaunce.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)267/5 : Salomon conceyved not þe cause of synfull lyvynge of a ȝonge man, I mene, why a ȝonge man is prompt vn-to vicious lyvynge.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)137/14 : Þe fasting of a deuoute soule sleith þe serpent of vicious living.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)430 : Siþ ilche Cristen man is holdon to serve Crist, and who ever fayliþ in þis is apostata, it is likliche to many men þat þe mor part of men, bi her viciose lijf, ben combred in þis heresye.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)183 : The goode new gyse nowadays I wyll not dysalow, I dyscomende þe vycyouse gyse.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)118/286 : I hard þe seid iiii or v m devyls…criyng and ȝelling aȝenst me for myn offence and synnes, first my vycyouse and myschevouse lyvyng, and princypally þe inordinat and schamfulle aray þat I myselfe usid.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)2097 : From hys gloryous syght thus he vs estraungeth For our vycyous lyuyng.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4005 : The king…putte awey the vicious And tok to him the vertuous.
- (1441) MSS Beverley in HMC128 : Generosi assignati ad pagendam de Viciouse.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6726 : The foule vycious thou dost enhauns, In wordely Ioy thou makest hym hye.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.224 : Myghtless ben þe bad vicious.
- (1467) MSS Beverley in HMC143 : Lusores: Pryde, Invy, Ire, Avaryce, Sloweth, Glotony, Luxuria, Vicious…Ad pagendam de Viciose…gentilmen, merchands, clerici et vadletti.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1032 : For vice and vertu be thingis contrarye, Therfore þe vicious may not com therbye.