Middle English Dictionary Entry
treu(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | treu(e adj. Also tre(u)we, trieu, tri(e)we, trou(ue, trowe, tru(e, truee, trui(e, trewi, truue, truwe, threu, (NEM) trau, (chiefly WM or early SW or SWM) treo(u)we, (Orm.) trowwe & (in cpds.) trewa-, tre-, (in surname) tro- & (?error) troewe, (error) ter; comp. treuere, trewer(e, etc. & (early SWM) treoure; sup. trewest(e, etc. & treuhest, (error) trowaft. |
Etymology | OE trēowe, trīwe, trȳwe. The meaning of 'treue' and related words is freq. contextual, and the precise gloss is determined by the word being modified; quots. have been assigned to the most likely sense, but alternative readings are possible. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. itreowe adj.
1a.
(a) Steadfast in fidelity to friends, kin, country, etc., loyal; also, inseparable; (b) faithful in romantic or marital relations;—sometimes used of the heart; also, sincerely in love; (c) of a dog: unswervingly devoted, selflessly protective, unwaveringly loyal; (d) of love, friendship, etc.: constant, unfailing; of purpose or intent: focused on fidelity in love; (e) as conventional adjective for the turtledove;—often used fig. of Mary; sometimes as epithet; (f) as noun: one who is loyal to a lord, faithful to country, etc.; a faithful, devoted lover;—also coll.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)62/1 : Tu his deore spuse..ber him feolahreadden..ant he hit wule þe ȝelden as his treowe fere wið healewi of heouene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5882 : Aðionærd..is min aȝene stiward; eorl he is treowe.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)43/745 : Kniȝt so trewe..Þu neure me ne forsoke.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7274 : Þe gode trywemen of þe lond wolde abbe ymad king Þe kunde eir, þe ȝonge child edgar aþeling.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)101/9 : Þench þanne huanne þou zayst þi pater noster þet þou by him a guod zone and trewe.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)277 : We habbeþ be felawes gode & trewe, in body & eke on herte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2434 : There as ye sholde oonly han cleped to youre conseil youre trewe frendes, olde and wise, ye han ycleped..folk that doon you reuerence with outen loue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2228 : A kinges swerd is bore In signe that he schal defende His trewe poeple and make an ende Of suche as wolden hem devoure.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)788/20 : Þe men ben..honest in maners, deuoute to Godde, peysible and trewe to men, and takeþ lesse hede to prayes and to robery þan oþer naciouns of Germans.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3345 : Bithought I me that I Hadde a felowe fast by, Trewe and siker, curteys, and hende, And he was called by name a freende.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)39/9 : A good knyghte schulde not fayle his felawe..for trewe felawis schulde be as oo thing and all on.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2191 : The Kings true men..loveth his wele, and the wele of this cuntrey.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)539 : Lust, my trewe fere, þou art redy alwey iwys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)61/10 : Kynge Royns..had rered a grete numbir of peple and were entred in the londe and brente and slew the kyngis trew lyege people.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)58/13 : Hit fals to emperiale magestee to haue with hym pryue men and trewe with whom he mowe delyt hym.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)170 : To him, as to the worthi childe and a trewe sone, is yeven the Rynge.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)19/21 : The moste parte of Macmurgh-ismen..with-drow ham..so that, in his moste nede, trewe frendis ne fownde he none.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9359 : Ygærne is wel idon a swiðe treowe [Otho: treouwe] wimmon.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9402 : Ne cummeð nauere þat he heo biwinne bute þurh mine ginne, for nis na wimmon treowere [Otho: treuwere] in þissere worlde-riche.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)9288 : To Tyntagel he sende his wif..Igerne..treouwest alre wifue [Clg: wifene aðelest].
- a1350 Lutel wot hit (Hrl 2253)28 : Wo is him þat loueþ þe loue þat ner nul be trewe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4204 : In time of winter..Maidens leseþ here hewe, Ac euer hye louieþ þat be trewe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3609 : I am thy trewe verray wedded wyf; Go, deere spouse, and help to saue oure lyf.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.702 : To bringen hire in to believe Of thing which that he wolde a chieve..he berth the pale hewe, And for he wolde seme trewe, He makth him siek, whan he is heil.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4627 : Thou madest me to wene That myn housbonde trewe were Whan that he loveth elleswhere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.541 : I hadde graunted hym fully my loue..And yeuen hym my trewe herte as fre As he swoor he yaf his herte to me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1497 : Proude hertid Narcisus..shulde feele..What sorowe trewe louers maken That ben so velaynesly forsaken.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5090 : Good love shulde engendrid be Of trewe herte..And not of such as sette her thought To haue her lust and ellis nought.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)301 : Allas, is every man thus trewe, That every yer wolde have a newe..or elles three?
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)281 : Ye, my ladyes, that ben true [vr. truy] and stable Be wey of kynde, ye oughten to be able To have pite of folk that be in peyne.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)55/17 : Oure merciable lord hideth his trew loueres whom he louith tendirly from al laborous and perlious workis, to whom raþer he clepith his seruauntes þan his children.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1120/12 : Gwenyver..whyle she lyved, she was a trew lover, and therefor she had a good ende.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)99 : Then was the quene wondur wrothe, And swere many a grete othe, As she was woman trewe!
- a1500 Chaucer Anel.(Hrl 7333)310 : I myght als weele kepe Aueryll from Rayne As holde yow trewe.
- a1500 Pennyw.Wit(2) (Cmb Ff.2.38)174 : I pray the..As thou art my trewe weddyd fere, In thy chamber þou woldest kepe me dern.
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1165/36 : þe hound leep and swam in þe ryuer to holde vp þe dede body And þere com moche folk to..byholde þe kyndenesse of þe trewe beste.
d
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)275 : For þi þat trewere luue ah beo imong breðre, ȝou monnes broðer bicom.
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)206 : So gret loue huy hadden and trewe, And so guod heorte ech to oþur hadde þat a foreward huy mauden..Þat non ne scholde failli oþur.
- c1305 Als i me rod (LinI 135)21 : Mi lemmon me haues bi-hot of louue trewe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2872 : Hir Innocence, Hir trewe menyng and hir diligence..Deseyved was by falshed of þis man [Jason].
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)416 : Clene maydenhed and moderhed and trewe spousage; Woman with thes thre, bot Seint Mary, was ther neuer non.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Say.Nightingale (Trin-C R.3.20)30 : Suche as beon for loue langwysshing, Cherisshe hem, lady, for truwe affeccyoun.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Say.Nightingale (Trin-C R.3.20)69 : Þis briddes song..Betokeneþe..þe gret fraunchyse, þe gret liberte, Which shoulde in loue beo so pure and free, Of truwe menyng rooted so with-Inne Fer frome þe conceyte of any maner synne.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)41 : Þe kynd of luf es þis, þar it es trayst and trew: To stand styll in stabylnes, and chaunge it for na new.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)797 : Witen fulli þat myn entent is trwe And lich my trowth nov on my peyne rwe.
- a1450 Bot witt pas (Add 37049)186 : The ded is out of mynde And trewe frenship is yll to fynde.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)59 : With chaunce of deþe or chaunge of hert, That soft by-gan endiþ full smert, For when þou wenyst yt truyst to be, Thow shalt from yt or yt from the.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)36/18 : Fructus autem spiritus est..ffides..That is..feyth in trew loving.
- a1475 Honowre wit (Brog 2.1)3 : Fayre damseyll, Witt stydfast hart and lovfe soo trw, This letter now I wryt vnto yow.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1375 : Amphibalus sat al that longe nyht Vpon his knees..For love of Albon, with gret devocion, Makyng to god meekly his Oryson, To whoos praier of grace god took keep, List to considre his trewe affeccioun.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)47/16 : The loue of a creature is failyng & unstable; þe loue of ihesu is true and perseuerable.
- ?a1500 Othea (Hrl 838)50/17 : Trew, feythfull felawschyp oweth to be as oon.
e
- a1350 Ichot a burde in a (Hrl 2253)22 : To trewe tortle in a tour y telle þe mi tale.
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)43 : Heil Tortul, trustiest and trewe.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)577 : The sed-foul chosen hadde The turtle trewe.
- a1450 Godys sone þat (Dc 126)41 : Trewe turtyl, corounyd on hylle, þat heyȝest art of kynde.
- a1450 As I went þrow (Sln 2593)p.53 : On every tre song a turtil trewe.
- c1460 Swete and benyngne (NC 320)2 : Swete and benygne moder and may, Turtill trew, flowre of women alle.
f
- (1258) Procl.Hen.III in PST (1868)21 : And ȝif oni oþer onie cumen her onȝenes, we willen and hoaten þæt all vre treowe heom healden deadliche ifoan.
- c1400 Glo.Chron.A (Add 19677)9993 : Trewe [Clg: Þe bissop of eli..& þe triwemen of þe lond..sede þat arþure..Kundere eir was þan he].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)702 : When two true togeder had tyȝed hemselven, Bytwene a male and his make such merþe schulde conne [read: come], Wel nyȝe pure paradys moȝt preve no better.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)273 : Whan the sobre, treewe, & weel auysid, With sad visage his lord enfourmeth pleyn, How þat his gouernance is despysid..The lordes herte swellith for desdeyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4312 : In hope stant eche of hem alle, Þe trewest ay redyest to falle.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)328 : Love taketh non hede To sle the trwe.
- a1500(?c1370) ?Chaucer Comp.A.(Benson-Robinson)79 : Ever have I been, and shal..your humble trewe.
- a1500 And a woman (RwlPoet 34)38 : How schall I, tell thow me, To know the trew and the good?
1b.
(a) In phrases with the object of loyalty specified by to, unto, or a simple dative: loyal to (sb., a country, etc.); ~ frend (felaue) to; (b) in phrases with the object of devotion specified by to or unto: devoted to (one's lover, spouse, mate, etc.); ~ frend (lovere, wif, etc.) to; (c) in combs. and misc. phrases: ~ of bodi, sexually faithful, chaste; ~ of (in) love, ~ in lovinge, faithful in love, devoted; ~ of treuth, constant in love; ~ herted; ~ togeder, mutually loyal.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)48 : Alle men he tauhte..to luuye his euenyng..And euervich beo to oþre boþe treowe and holde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7741 : Al þat aȝt was in engelond he let somony in ech ende..þat hii suore him alle þere To be him triwe & holde.
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)21 : Clerkes, knyhtes, barouns..y charge ou..þat ȝe to engelonde be trewe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)334 : Whanne þou komest to kourt..be no tellere of talis but trewe to þi lord.
- c1390 NHom.Abbess (Vrn)42 : Heo was holden to hire mast, To beo to hire trewe and studefast.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7648 : Þe king sun, hight ionathas, To dauid tru felau [Göt: a treu freind] he was.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)154/33 : All þo þat boweden here hedes scholden euere more after ben obeyssant & trewe to the Emperour, And neure..to ben fals ne traytour vnto him.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6224 : Sacramentum clerici communitatis..Sir, I shal be trewe and buxum to þe meyr of Lenn.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)8/21 : Tresown is whan a man is fals to hym to whom he owȝte to be trewe for wynnyng of money or getyng of mede: In þis bronche of couetyse trespacyd Judas.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)39/11 : Ane erle þat hight Ardericus..was sworn to hym to be hym trew frend.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)168/25 : Sir Gawayne plyght his trouthe unto sir Pelleas to be trew and feythfull unto hym.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)136/10 : He had with him straunge soudiours..of whom he had gret doubte that they wolde not be true to him.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)168 : No man shulde, but if that he wer sworn To the Romaynes with hert, body, & myht Ay to be trewe, receyve the ordre of knyht.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)77/16 : Loke that þu do no thyng with-out his counseill..for..Stedfast he is in his inwit, constant in his hert, and trew and rightfull to thy subgettes.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3348 : He þat haþ wiþ him leute, He is trewe..his evencristen vnto.
- ?a1500 Othea (Hrl 838)50/16 : Euery..knyght..oweth nott to feyle hys felaw in armes wyche is trew to hym for no dowte off peryll.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.327 : Þe Esseies..forsook wedlok..for þey trowed þat no womman is trewe to hir housbonde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.153 : Penolope..was to him his trewe wif.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1424 : I wol be trewe vn to Arueragus Or rather sle my self in som manere.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1201/4 : Þe femel is lasse stedefast and lasse trewe to hire oughne male þan aȝeinward.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)695 : Was nevere unto hire love a trewer [vr. treware] quene.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1576 : Trewe to Jason was she al hire lyf, And evere kepte hire chast, as for his wif.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)66/29 : Jason..be Meede was reserued from deth, to whom he had promissid euer to be trewe frende [Othea: trew & feythfull lover].
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)429/35 : There myght no lady nothir jantyllwoman drynke of that horne but yf she were trew to her husbande.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)328/22 : Yf it be nedfull that thou haue the companye of woman, take suche on as men may beleue she be true to the.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)1259/13 : Thou were the truest frende to thy lovar that ever bestrade hors.
- a1500 Pennyw.Wit(2) (Cmb Ff.2.38)138 : Pray hur..As y haue ben to hur a trewe fere, To kepe me preuy in hur chaumbyr.
c
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)167 : Fair I wes of hewe, And of treuþe trewe [vr. of loue trewe].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2258 : Ȝif ȝe..trewe be togadere I wol winne our warisun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.937 : A wyf sholde..louen hire housbonde..and to hym be trewe of hir body.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2015 : Fortune..som time is favorable To hem that ben of love trewe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.713 : Ay the ferther that she was in age, The moore trewe [vr. truer] if that it were possible She was to hym in loue.
- a1425 The man that I loued (CmbAdd 5943)p.306 : With herte and eyes I hym grete; So trywe of loue I know no mo.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1874 : Lucresse..was of love so trewe, Ne in hir wille she chaunged for no newe.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)438 : He [Chaucer] shal maken, as ye wol devyse Of wommen trewe in lovyng al hire lyve.
- (1465) Paston (EETS)1.303 : Youre tenauntys of Drayton..be ryght gode and trew hertyd to you to there powers.
- (1471) Paston (EETS)1.360 : Jamys Gressham..Remembyre ho keynd and true hartyd he hath ben to vus, to hys powre.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)43 : Thys Emperour had a wyfe..Of hyr body sche was trew As euyr was lady.
- a1500 Sum be mery (Lamb 306)p.268 : Some of them be treue of love Beneth the gerdell but nat above.
1c.
(a) In epithets; also as noun; also in address; (b) in conventional comparisons; (c) in proverbs and maxims.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)720 : Nachor he gaf wif melcam, And trewe sarray abram.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)110 : A knaue child gat þai tvo..And seþþen men cleped him so: Tristrem þe trewe fere.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)601 : His name is tristrem trewe.
- (1381) Let.Ball in Robbins Hist.Poems (Roy 13.E.9)8 : So biddeþ Iohan trewaman and alle his felawes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.7.18 : Where wonen now the bones of trewe Fabricius?
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)624 : Sir Tristrem the trewe..And Ysoute his awnn lufe, in erthe are þay bothe.
- a1500(c1380) Chaucer Rosem.(Benson-Robinson)20 : I in love am walwed and ywounde, For which ful ofte I of myself devyne That I am trewe Tristam the secounde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3351 : Ne trawes not, tru lady, þat I take wolde Thy ladyship to losse, ne in lust holde.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)135/234 : Nowe comes Trowle the Trewe.
b
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)95 : He loueþ me and ich him wel, Oure loue is also trewe as stel.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2426 : As trewe as any steel I haue a wyf.
- c1400 Mi mind is mukel (Nero A.10)p.xiii : Mi minde is mukul on on þat wil me noȝt amende Sum time was trewe as ston and fro schame couþe hir defende.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)48 : As treewe as turtle þat lakkith hir feere In your absence I shal be my lord deere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5248 : Whanne that he hath founden oon That trusty is and trewe as ston..And of his freendshipp be certeyne He shal hym shewe bothe joye and peyne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5718 : Þey of Rome louede hym wel, ffor þey hym founde as trewe as stel.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)200 : Lovers be as trewe [vr. truwe] As any metal that is forged newe.
- a1475 Honowre wit (Brog 2.1)12 : I lowet neuer non halfe soo welle Witt hart trw as anne stylle.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)116 : Ye ar trewe as stele on tree Vnto my lorde the kynge.
- a1500 Who carpys (Trin-C O.9.38)p.28 : Yff ye have a paramowre, And..Sche seys to yow sche ys trew as stone..truste here noȝt, for sche can ly.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.407 : Kyng Edward..went..To Duresme also and..Newcastell That to hym were as trewe as any stele.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15496 : A is on treowe monnen treouðe ihalden.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)859 : Bi þis tale me mai ise þat men triwest..þat of lest wordes beþ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2349 : Salomon..seith also ther may no thyng be likned to the trewe freend.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2351 : A trewe [vr. triewe] freend is a strong defense; who so that it fyndeth certes he fyndeth a gret tresor.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2497 : Catoun seith..ther nys noon so good a phisicien as thy trewe freend.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2052 : Trewe herte in loue dureþ.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)325 : Euere sithe that the worlde began..the trwe [vr. threw] man Was put abake, wher-as the falshede I-furthered was.
2.
(a) Conscientious in the discharge of obligations implied by loyalty; heedful of the needs or wishes of the object of loyalty; also, as noun: those who faithfully carry out their duties [quot. a1500(c1477)]; (b) assiduous in the discharge of obligations implied by love or marriage; attentive to the needs or wishes of a lover or spouse; (c) of a duty or responsibility: faithfully or diligently executed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10174 : Þise Puplicanes..haffdenn wikenn off þe king To sammnenn hise ȝeldess..To winnenn ahhte to þe king, To beon himm holde & trowwe.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)12/150 : Vre flesch..wið ute bruche, cleane, ha is us swiðe godd freond & help of treowe hine.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/11 : Nis he nawt god feolahe ne treowe þe nule scottin i þe lure as eft i þe biȝete.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Nis na trewe ifere þe nule naut scottin in þe lure ase in þe biȝete.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4455 : Þu me hulpe þa me wes neod..ne funde ich nauere treoure mon.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)135/15 : Uor þet he ne lefþ naȝt of him-zelue of þe guodes of his lhorde þet be his hand paseþ, þeruore is þe sergont trewe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.10.13 : Forsoth God is trewe, the which schal not suffre ȝou for to be temptid ouer that that ȝe mown.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1534 : If that any of vs haue moore than oother, Lat hym be trewe [vr. trowe] and parte it with his brother.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6428 : Þys godenesse shal ay be newe To þe executur þat ys trewe.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)277 : The sobre..seith him as they seyn, As man treewe oghte vn to his souereyn, Conseillynge him amende his gouernance.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.229 : Here in þis liif wolden men axe þat a man be found trewe amongis dispensours of an house.
- (1431) Plea Sharpe in RS 28.5 pt.1 (Hrl 3775)456 : Alle the wordely relygyous do nat the office of an hundred curates, ne of a seculer lord, ne of a trewe laborer..but..take awey the profyt that shuld come to the trewe men.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)76 : Þe trew soudeours, bothe day and nyght, Lay on the walle in armes bright.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.542 : He seyde his tene wi hir for to tempure..al þat his trw tutor wold no[t] entende.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)918/19 : Swere frome henseforthe ye shall be my trew servaunte, and to do nothynge but that I shall commaunde you.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)368/21-3 : Yf he counseill the to take of thyne owne tresoure or of thy juelles, that man loueth the and is feithfull and treue to the; And yf he counsaile the to take the good of thy subgites and put thaim in pouerte, he is nat true to the, nor he loueth the nat.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)86/1 : It is full necessarie to thy estate to have a good scribe or clerk, wise, witty, trew, and consideryng.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)891 : Of seruantis..Som be filthi..Som be dronklew, & some vse much to Iape..The trew be folyshe, the witty be fals.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)50 : Purvey you off a trewe man ffor to ouer se your bayly for it is often seyne þat all þe offecers bene off one asente to avayle þem selfe and hurt þe lorde.
- a1500 Merch.& S.(Cmb Ff.2.38)283 : Wyllyam..was a trewe executur, he performyd all hys maystyrs wylle.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16197 : My will..to be performed..is..by my trieu executors, feoffees and ministers.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)53/30 : Þu art me treowe as spuse ah to beonne.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)5 : A Mayde cristes, me bit yorne þat ich hire wurche a luue-ron, For hwan heo myhte best ileorne to taken on-oþer soþ lefmon, Þat treowest were of alle berne.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.758 : Sire I wol be youre humble trewe wyf; Haue heer my trouthe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1288 : For who kan be so buxom as a wyf? Who is so trewe and eek so ententyf To kepe hym syk and hool as is his make?
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1845 : I am derely to yow biholde..To be your trwe seruaunt.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.957 : Be diligent and trewe, and..persevere in thy servyse.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2361 : And for thou trewe to loue shalt be, I wole and comaunde thee That in oo place thou sette all hoole Thyn herte.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)142 : This fals Arcite, of his newfanglenesse, For she to him so lowly was and trewe, Tok lesse deynte of her stidfastnesse And saw another lady, proud and newe.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)336/4 : Trewloveres..wite þou welle þat þis goddelye spowse þat þou trauaylest for..haþ lykynge in seche-manere seruyses done to hir.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)97/22 : All was forto preue you how ye wolde kepe myn counsaile..Wherin y haue founde you..not true vnto me.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)111 : Ther ever ye fynde, whyles ye lyve, A trewer [vrr. truwer, triewer] servant to yow than am I, Leveth thanne, and sleeth me hardely.
- a1500 For he is true (Roy 19.A.3)p.288 : He is true in hyr seruice.
c
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)13/156 : Ȝif þat ha [maidenhood] wit hire wiðute bruche, cleane, ha is us swiðe god freond & help, of treowe hure.
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)223 : Betere is trewe dede þane fals word.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.3121 : Y have do my trewe peyne..In al that evere y couthe and myghte This bok to write as y behighte.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)4422 : Allas! ioseph bath war and wijs, Ille es þe quit þe treu seruis.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6225 : Ȝe shal swere þat ȝe shal..kepe þe kyngis pees..And trewe arest maken whanne ȝe ben chargid bi þe meyr.
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.10 : For the treu observance of al the goode & commendable pointes articles & reules in the saide crafte, that euery persone of þe same crafte..come..redy and attendant to the houre and place to hym assigned.
- a1450(?1400) In blossemed buske (Dgb 102)38 : Do fur a lord; and he be wys, Trewe trauayle shal not lese his dede.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)6/17 : It bihovith..þat eche kyng..be stedfast in gouernaunce so that alle tho that ben vndir his regne ben..in on subieccioun of trewe ligeaunce vnto her liege kyng.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.202 : Y..ordeine..that the saide preest and his successours shall..be paide..for the true, due and effectuall diligence of him in ministring the saide deuine seruice in the saide Chaunterie.
- (1454) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1281 : By auctorite of our semble we hath chosyn certayn commissioneris..and..jures..that they shall do trewe execucion un this forme aforsaid.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)168/23 : Than shall I do my trew parte, that ye shall nat fayle to have the love of hir.
- (1470) Paston (EETS)1.562 : I, John Paston..promytt..to doo trwe and faithfull seruyce vnto þe..reuerend fader.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)181/18 : Othir there is dispurueid of all goodes..for thair true acquitaill and preseruynge of thaire trouthe.
- a1500 Merch.& S.(Cmb Ff.2.38)192 : Y am sekur of a goode servand..For now have y Wyllyams trowth..For the terme of all hys lyfe to do me trewe servyse.
3.
(a) Honorable, noble; true to one's word; also, as noun: the noble one; ~ of dedes, ?matching words with deeds; ~ of word (promisse, treuth); ~ to him-self, honorable; (b) trustworthy, reliable; of God, Christ, Mary: unfailing; as noun: one who is trusted; (c) of a condition: stable, durable; of a law, covenant, etc.: firm; (d) of things: strong, sturdy, sound; sure, secure; firm; to be relied on; also fig.; also [quot. c1400 (?a1387)], ?worthwhile; ?valued; also, of color: not liable to fading, stable; (e) reliable for a given purpose; of a remedy: effective, sure; of a field: productive, fertile; of a way: sure; also fig.; (f) in proverbs and conventional comparisons; also as noun [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4469 : Æðes þer weoren isworene & neoren heo nauere forlorne, for treowe men heom a-stalden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12720 : Walwain wes..þe alre treoweste [Otho: treuweste] gume þe tuhte to þan hirede.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)31/537 : Ef þu art trewe of dedes, Do nu ase þe sedes.
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)13 : Edward kyng..trewest mon of alle þinge, ant in werre war ant wys.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2204 : At þat table non sitt miȝt Bot he were noble and douhti kniȝt, Strong and hende, hardi and wise, Certes and trewe wiþouten feyntise.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2592 : If sche þus among ous here for hunger daye scholde, For ous for euere repref hit were, for heo is trewe & holde.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)383 : Þou art also so trewe [vr. sothefaste] a kyng And stable of þouȝt in alle þyng.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)4 : Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt, Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erthe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1514 : To telle of þis teuelyng of þis trwe knyȝtez Hit is þe tytelet token & tyxt of her werkkez.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.331 : That trewe man, that noble gentil knyght, That naught desireth but youre frendly cheere, I se hym dyen, ther he goth upryght.
- (?c1436) Duke Burgundy (Rome 1306)110 : Phelipp..fforsake thy frowardnes and..Be trew of promesse.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)38/21 : If a man þat þou holdist sooþfast in his woord bihete þee worldis goodis, þou woldist ȝyue feiþ to his biheste..for þou knew hym bifore as trewe & good, boþe in werkis & wordis.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)65/19 : If ther be any man that wolle say that I loue hir to dyshonour you or hir..I shall answer as a true knyght shuld doo.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)914/32 : And ye be so trew a knyght as the Order of Shevalry requyrith, and of herte as ye ought to be, ye shold nat doute that none enemy shold slay you.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)124/8 : Knyghtis and nobles..ought..to be true and kepe their feythe and promysse.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)162 : J schall..wynne þat lady bryȝt, Ȝef þou art trewe of word.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3348 : He þat haþ wiþ him leute, He is trewe..to him-self.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2619 : When tale of the trew was triet to þe ende..protheus..To the kyng..carpis thies wordes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3808 : Duke Nestor..was..Tru of his trowthe.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)45/27 : Hwat dest þu?..ðu ðalst al ðat tu hafst..Be trewe mann and halt tin god; þu finst feawe ðe wile ȝiuen ðe ani þing, bute hie witen hwarfore.
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)38/364 : Godd..al þis haueð us iȝarcket, ȝef we as treowe tresures witeð wel his tresor þet is bitaht us to halden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13618 : Hafden Arður treouðe þe eorles weoren treowe.
- a1300 Moder milde flur (Corp-O 59)2 : Þu ert leuedi swuþe treowe..þi loue is euer iliche neowe..swete leuedi of me þu reowe, ne let me neuere in sunnes falle.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1908 : Here we mowe ensaumple yseo..Þat wymmen beoþ truwe ynow whare hi turneþ to goede, ffur..ȝeo [Mary Magdalen]..nolde þennes wende.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)103/21 : He [God] is þe riȝt guod, þe riȝt trewe, þe riȝt wys..and uele oþre maneres of speches þet me zayþ of him.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2142 : Loke þat hirdemen wel kepe þe komune passage..and unparceyued passe þei nouȝt, ȝif þi puple be treuwe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Thes.5.24 : God is trewe, that clepide ȝou, the which also schal do.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1481 : God sende euery trewe man boote of his bale!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29124 : Þe pointes þat ar for to hald Til ilk sinful þat es bun For to do satisfacciun..If he be funden in þam treu His saghtlines þat sal him neu.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2241 : Þou hatz tymed þi trauayl as truee mon schulde.
- (1429) Will York in Sur.Soc.4420 : Item, I will have delyvered to a gude trewman that weendes to the courte of Rome in pilgramege, iiij marcas.
- (a1440) Let.Coventry in EHR 55643 : The seid Robert wole pay zerely xxiiij s. & be trewe paier to the seid zelde.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)21/27 : The condiciouns of hem þat schulen be aboute þe pacient ben iiij..þat þei be pesible, gracious, trewe, & discreet.
- c1475 3 Consid.(UC 85)203 : For to have the good governementz..the Prince shuld..doo alle the good diligence that he might to have good and sage and true persoones in theire offices.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)10/37 : I knowe a lord of yours in this land that is a passyng true man and a feithful, and he shal have the nourysshyng of your child; and his name is sir Ector.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)27/1 : There-aftyr come Morice, Geraudis Sonne..A man full quent, trew throw al thynge, bolde, and stydfaste of word, and of hert sympil, and shamefaste as a mayd.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)8012 : Hounde is þe wittiest beste þat is of alle And the trewest vnto calle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10842 : Hit was told with a true of a tryet ost Of grekes.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)pref.69 : Maȝȝ soþ Crist ben wel Þurrh Salemann bitacnedd, Forr Salomon iss onn Ennglissh Þatt mann þatt soþ sahhtnesse & trigg & trowwe griþþ & friþþ Reȝȝseþþ bitwenenn lede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5000 : To breke is triwe couenaunt [B vr. trowþe & couenaunt] þe king was loþ þer to.
- a1350 In may hit murgeþ (Hrl 2253)20 : Wymmen were þe beste þing þat shup oure heȝe heuene kyng ȝef feole false nere..Lut in londe are to leue, þah me hem trewe trouþe ȝeue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2352 : Abram..als he troud alsua he fand, Our lauerd him held for treu [Frf: ful trew] conuenand.
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)314 : If the men withinne hemself be veine The substance of the pes may noght be trewe, Bot every dai it chaungeth.
- c1475 3 Consid.(UC 85)201 : Lawe Civile whan it schall ben executed oweth to be just, true, and feerme.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)733/21 : He be-quethe his blody scherte vn-to þe Mayde..byddyng hir þat sche schulde holde trewe comenawnde þat be-for was made be-twene hem.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)75/25 : Ðe richeise ðe scal trukien; ic ne truke ðe naure, Hwi is te ðin hucche trewer ðanne ich?
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)64/558 : Buldeð ower boldes uppon treowe staðele þet ne dredeð na wind ne na weder nowðer; lokeð þet te heouenlich lauerd beo grundwal of al þet ȝe wurcheð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5936 : Wel he makede his castles, treowe & swiðe uæste.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)3686 : Sixti sipes he makede..alle newe strong and wel trewe [Clg: itreowe].
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)106/123 : Þi nome is cald a ston, And on þe ston trewe and trie Mi churche I wol edefye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9914 : Þe grund neist þar [castle] es ful tru, Metand wit þat rochen stan.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.8 : Ich haue..counsalede þe..no..trywe þyng to teenen.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)408 : Sir Sezere..The trewe toure of Londone in his tyme he makede.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)411 : With golde þay lacede his auentaile For þat it solde be trewe.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)1.105 : Whose passyng beaute..euere yliche contynueth fresshe of hewe, With oute fadyng, the colour is so trwe.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)178/667d : In all þe worlde [ne] was soche a town, Saue troye, trusty and trewe, ffor that was late bygged newe.
- a1500 O fresch floure (RwlPoet 36)28 : Your..courtly loke al of saferon hew That neuer wol fayle—þe colour is so trew!
e
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)160/22 : Þe comoun plein wey of Cristen men..I clepe..þe trewest entre of contemplacion þat may be in þis liif.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.5.3 : The firste age of men: They heelden hem apayed with the metes that the trewe feeldes [vr. trewe erþes] broughten forth.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)99/13 : Arsenek sublymede is beste þerto and trewest.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.978 : Now..is to renewe The siliqua in plaunte & seedes trewe.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3380 : Þey chose gyours þe contre knew, To lede þem wye trist & trew & brynge þem wel to þat strete Þer þeym byhoued Romayns mete.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)112a/a : Þis medicyne is trewe and profitable whanne þat alle oþere failen if it be doon by good discrecioun of a wise leche.
- a1500 Diseases Horse (Wood empt.18:Keiser)316/1 : Her begynnis all medesynis bothe sothe and trewy [vrr. trew, trwe] To knowe & to hele all sores both olde & newy.
f
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)59 : Heil Borgun brihtes[t] of all bounte, Heil trewore þen þe wode-bynde: Þou pray for us to þi sone so fre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1814 : Thre yomen of his chambre..he trusteth wonder wel, For thei were trewe as eny stiel.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.73 : Þe kyng & þe clergie ordeynd þat ilk seele, þe pes to ȝeme & gyue with lawes trewe als stele.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)822 : Lo, Godez Lombe as trwe as ston, Þat dotz away þe synnez dryȝe.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)37 : With worde men makes it trew and stabil, Bot in þaire faith es noght bot fabil.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5146 : Love..holdith myne herte vndir his sele As trust and trew as ony stele.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)12145 : This man was trewe as any stele, He vndirstode his erand wele.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)205/18 : Of þe was borne boþ God and Mon; When synful mon he makis his mon, To him þou art treu as ston in wal.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Mercy es maste (Cmb Dd.5.64)7 : Mercy es trew as any stele..for it fayles noght.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)935 : Purely hir symple record Was founde as trewe as any bond.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.56 : Tristy lockes make true seruauntes.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)592 : Þo resayuer and þo tresurer..schulde be trew as any stone.
- c1475 Falm.Squire (RwlPoet 118)199 : Deth is as trew as any stele, he hath þe merkyd in hys mynde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)356/106 : To saue you fro all fray my peasse be with you blood and bone..It shalbe true as any stone to defende you fro youre foos.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)4605 : He was þe ffryste on þat swore..Hys worde I cowde euer haue trysted welle, That hyt had ben as trewe as stylle.
4.
(a) Honest in one's dealings; law-abiding; also, scrupulous; (b) as noun: an honest, law-abiding person;—also coll.; (c) in proverbs, prov. expressions, and stock similes; also as noun [quot. a1393, 1st].
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1326 : Allas, I se a serpent or a theef That many a trewe man hath doon mescheef Goon at his large.
- c1390 Disp.GM & Devil (Vrn)882 : Trewe in all þing þou be, And do so to vche mon As þou woldest he dude to þe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.135 : Whilom dwelte a compaignye Of chapmen riche and ther to sadde and trewe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1337 : Þys fals men þat beyn sysours..for hate, a trewman wyl endyte, And a þefe for syluer quyte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4909 : We ar bath treu men and lele, For ware we neuer wont at stele.
- c1400 Why werre (Peterh 104)94/415 : Take þe trewest man þat euer in londe was, He schal be endited for þing þat neuer was.
- a1450 Wycl.LFCatech.PN (Bod 789)95 : For we shulden be trewe and ete oure owene breed and not wiþ wrong ete oure neiȝeboris breed, þerfore Christ techiþ vs to aske of him oure breed.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)141 : It hath ben offten tymes sene in Englande þat iij or iiij theves ffor pouerte haue sett apon vj or vij trewe men, and robbed hem all, But it hath not bene sene in Fraunce þat vj or vij theves haue be hardy to robbe iij or iiij trewe men..ffor thai haue no hartes to do so terable an acte.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)142 : Þe Englysh man is off anoþer corage, For yff he be pouere, and see another man havynge rychesse, wich mey be taken ffrom hym be myght, he will not spare to do so, but yff þat pouere man be right trewe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)56/151 : Do no thefte; no thynge þou stele..Off handys and dede be trewe euyr more.
- c1475(?a1449) ?Lydg.7 Counsels (Trin-C R.3.21)26 : De Iusticia: in þy mesure loke þer be no lak, Of þy weyghtes hold iustly þe balaunce, Be trew in rekenyng, set no som abak.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.209 : In þe lond of Sardynye is a welle, of whyche welle ȝif a trewe man drynke his syȝthe schal amendyn but ȝif a þef drynke þerof..he schal waxsyn blynd.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)120 : Stedfastly your myndes most be sett Fals colorid metalle nevir to conterfett..He..þat wold for þis arte sewe..nedith to be trewe.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)41/21 : I haue a scripyl vpon the divine iustice forasmoche as it punyschithe the iuste and trwe men with the synners and puttith thinnocentis and wikkid people as all one..howgh many men of honest living haue suffird shamefull dethe!
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.43 : The wiche rentes right trewe men have i take on honde And graciously governed hem now a good while.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)37/8 : Þe treowe is ofte mistrowet, & te saclese bilohen..for wone of witnesse.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)10 : Þe kyng of fraunce made statuz newe in þe lond of flaundres, among false ant trewe.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.129 : She [Meed]..ȝiueþ þe gaileris gold..To vnfetere þe fals..He takiþ þe trewe be þe top, teiȝeþ hym faste, And hangiþ hym for hattrede þat harmide neuere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4389 : To þe trewe it is no reprefe, Þouȝ it so be anoþer be a þefe.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)493 : Be crafte y coude endite And hange the trewe & the thief respite.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)217/28 : Princes shal puinisshe þe wrong and kepe þe truwe.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)212 : Cherish the trewe, robbours to represse.
c
- a1300(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Jes-O 29)111/356 : Hit is vuel to buwe [Trin-C: bewen] þat beo nule treowe [Trin-C: ter].
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)162/69 : For al is noȝt trewe þat faire speket.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6632 : This proverbe is evere newe That stronge lokes maken trewe Of hem that wolden stele and pyke.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1961 : The proverbe is, who that is trewe, Him schal his while nevere rewe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.969 : He that semeth trewest is a theef.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.537 : Sooth is seyd..A trewe wight and a theef thenken nat oon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.3 : Fortune..semeth trewest whan she wol bygyle.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)13 : Sum man dar not be þef for drede..Maugre his teeþ he is trewe.
- c1450 How GWife(1) (Lamb 853)199/82 : Alle men ben not trewe Þat kunne fair her wordis schewe.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.26 : A thefe..when thou wenyst he be as trow as styelle, He sonnyst dyssaywyth the.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.42 : It hadde be said longe in oolde vsage: A true man woll not hide his visage.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)161/39 : Whoso sparith the thefe, he sleyth the trew man.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)123/226 : 'Thou has an yll noys of stelyng of shepe..' 'I am trew as steyll all men waytt.'
- c1500 Be cause that (SeldArch B.24)41 : Quhen fortune semys most trewe and stable, Than to begyle a wicht scho is most hable!
5.
(a) Of a person's heart, mind, etc.: faithful to principle, having integrity; rightly motivated, capable or possessed of proper feeling; also, pure in motive; (b) of a disposition, sentiment, etc.: sincere, heartfelt; unfeigned, genuine; (c) ~ of tonge (mouth), ~ tonged, courteous, wholesome; mild of speech.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)65/13 : Wiþ here tonge þei lieden to God; here herte was not trewe wiþ God.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1478 : Liste afterward on me wer laide þe blame..Of feythful hert and trewe entencioun I warne þe, my siluen for to quite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2734 : Ȝif to Venus, of trew & clene entent, Þe list to graunt..Of þe appil to haue pocessioun, Þe fresche goddes..Schal þe ensure to haue..Þe fairest lady.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)65/28 : Ser..I offre me to feght with thre or four, for I fele myn hert so sure and so true that I am certan that God wolle helpe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)190/11 : I thanke you..with all my trew herte.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)183/24 : Yf fortune had be so mighti vpon the true and entier hertes that somwhat we had be put bakke of oure prosperite, at the leest we might the sonner haue ben releeuid thrugh the vnion and stablenesse of oure voluntes.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)67/736 : Lauerd godd almihti..þe luuest ouer alle þing treowe bileaue.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)6/21 : Hec est caritas..de corde puro et consciencia bona & fide non ficta; þeos riwle is chearite of schir heorte & cleane inwit & treowe [Nero: troewe] bileaue.
- 1372 ME Verse in Grimestone PB (Adv 18.7.21)p.58 : Debet esse resurrexio peccatoris a culpa..Vere per destestacionem peccatorum, Sothliche with trewe sennes forsakingge.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6154 : Religioun vmble and trewe also Wole I not blame ne dispise, But I nyl loue..fals Religious..That wolen in an abit goo, And setten not her herte therto.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)84/11 : Þe wickide Iewis..ben sclaundrid in me and in my seruauntis, deemynge falsly þat vertues ben feyned and not trewe.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)237/29 : Bycause þou axist me wheþir in sich gladnesse may be resceyued ony disceyt of þe feend..I schal telle þee..how þou schalt knowe whanne gladnesse is verry trewe and whanne it is not trewe.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)15/579 : Charite..is the ende and the hemme of al the lawe in..a trewe feith.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)54/4 : Þis Joye bringeth forth in a clene soule trew compunc cioun.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/23 : For trewe herty love now in this place my swete chylde com kysse now me.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)348 : By fire is vndirstond..parfite charite, and by watir trew contriccion.
c
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.72 : Whoso is mek of his mouþ, mylde of his speche, Trewe of his tunge & of his two handis, And poruȝ his labour or his lond his liflode wynneþ..dowel hym folewiþ.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.48 : Hit by-comeþ to a knyght to be curteys and hende, Trewe of hys tonge, tales loth to huyre, Bote þei be of bounte, of batailes, and of treuthe.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)209 : A damisel come unto me..Of tong sho was trew and renable.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)27 : Of..mowþe þow moste be trewe And grete oþes thow moste enchewe [read: eschewe].
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)927 : A goodly softe speche Had that swete..So frendly, and so wel ygrounded..And so tretable to all goode That..Of eloquence was never founde So swete a sownynge facounde, Ne trewer tonged.
6.
(a) Steadfast in devotion to God; firm in belief in God or Antichrist; also, constant in belief; ~ in treuth; (b) of faith or belief: steadfast, strong; also, of an utterance: expressive of faith; (c) as noun: the faithful; also as epithet: ~ tobias, abraham (noah) the ~; (d) in conventional comparisons.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)111/10 : Efsones he [God] him [Abraham] fondede, and fond him treuwe.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)80 : Þe þrittde day a flod sal flouen þat al þis wolud sal hulen..Vel ishim þat haues be trouue al þat ilke uuilen.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.141 : Þe lombe schal ouercome hem..And þai þat ben hym wiþ ben cleped & chosen & trewe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Esd.9.8 : Þou þiself lord god..chesedist abraham &..foundist his herte trewe befor þee.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2281 : Hath ther founde many another man Wommen ful trewe, ful goode, and vertuous; Witnesse on hem that dwelle in Cristes hous: With martirdom they preued hir constaunce.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18672 : Iesus him kidd til þaim..To frest if þai in trouth war tru, þair mistruing for to misprais, And vte o wan-hope for to rais.
- ?c1400 Ion blessis (Magd-C F.4.5)9 : Hit [Revelation] tellis of peynes & sorowes sere þat here shal falle to cristis dere; þoo þat ben trewe & stiffly stonde, þei shal be hatid þorwout þo londe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14093 : Euer in his trewth he was full trew..he lyfed euer als a lele Ebrew.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)19/7 : For bi feith are citees and castellis holden, and gret worshipe vnto hem þat so trewe are founden in here feith.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)500/249 : Be true and stydfast aye, and levys trulye on my laye.
- a1500(?a1450) St.Dor.(1) (Hrl 5272)296 : Sche suffred dethe for Crist Jhesus..This blessid Dorothe that was so trewe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3348 : He þat haþ wiþ him leute, He is trewe..To God.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12181 : All þe Laferrd Godess hird, Þat heold wiþþ Godd onn eorþe Þurrh trigg & trowwe læfe o Godd..Þatt hallȝhe flocc wass aȝȝ shadd ut Al fra þe deofless genge.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)104/723 : Al mihte Godd, cuð nu þi mihte..forte festnin ham i treowe bileaue þe beoð to þe iturnde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)6/25 : Beo þe eauer mi gleo & mi gledunge..Hald, hehe lauerd, min heorte..in treowe bileue.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)201/29 : Gode werkes & treowe bileaue, þeose twa þinges beoð meiðhad isawle.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1214 : In wonhope weore his disciples vchon, Ac þou weore studefast euer in on..In trewe [vr. fast] bileue euere þou weore.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)50/25 : For þi trewe woorde is þe fend went out of þi douȝtter.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.456 : O..holy croys..Victorious tree, proteccion of trewe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19400 : Godds word wex fast..And alsua did þe trouth o treu.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)682 : How myȝt I hyde myn hert fro Habraham þe trwe?
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)2007 : Noe þe trewe wiþouten synne [Vsp: þe lele wit-outen plight], A newe liflode he dud bigynne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15802 : Þus ware þei sore assayd, both Sara and trew thoby.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)336 : Solemply þer soupen alle trew.
d
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)105/30-31 : Þou art stedefast, trewe as ston is tri; vppon þe, petur, trewe as ston, I schal buylde my chirche anon.
- a1450 St.Etheldr.(Fst B.3)289 : As trewe he was euermore as ony stele..Þe seruyse of almyȝty god he louede so welle.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)26/120 : Noe, my freend..Thou was alway well wirkand, to me trew as stele, To my bydyng obediand; frendship shal thou fele.
7.
(a) Religiously orthodox, spiritually correct;—used of Christian belief, faith, etc.; consistent with or promotive of orthodox faith; of prelates, religious, etc.: rightly directed, spiritually sound; orthodox; also in fig. context; ~ bileve; the) ~ feith, the feith ~; (b) virtuous, pious, righteous; also, spiritually obedient; also, as noun: the righteous one;—used of Christ [quot. a1450]; ~ to god (the ordre, etc.); (c) of conduct, labor, etc.: characterized by or derived from piety.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/271 : His reades..beoð to fullen..lihte..hwa se haueð riht luue to him & treowe bileaue.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)10/18 : Gode religiuse beoð i þe world, summe Nomeliche prelaz & treowe preachurs [Pep: trewe prelates and prechoures].
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)83 : Wisdom in godes drede..Trewe bileue and charite—Þise sholen bileue wid þe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)3.21 : Paul þe apostle..comaundid among oþer vertues of abyschop..þat cunny[n]g also he leue not of..scriptours, holdyng..þylk sermoun, þe whych is after doctryne trew sermoun, þat he be miȝty to myche steren in holsum doctryne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1595 : The misbelieves..hou so that thei be noght goode Ne trewe, yit thei sprungen oute.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1860 : Oure sexteyn and oure fermerer..han been trewe freres fifty yeer.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1168 : He fylsened þe faythful in þe falce lawe To forfare þe falce in þe faythe trwe.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)36/8 : Þe trewe cristen men makit on hem þe cros to schewe þat þe bileue of þe cros is in his herte.
- c1400 Vertues & (Bod 416)20 : For defaute of trewe techinge, men wenden to helle by many weies.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)160/7 : Who-so..clymbeþ..to perfeccion by þe sotil seching & þe corious fantastic worchyng in his wilde wantoun wittis, leuyng..þe trewe counseil of goostly faders..is not only a niȝt þeef bot a day skulker.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)299/7 : Þe scheep þat lacken a trewe scheparde whiche schulde take heede to hem and þat couþe lede hem þe riȝt way..oftetymes ben al forrent and deuourid of wolues.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)5 : Ȝif þei pursuen trwe men for techyng of þe gospel, and seyn þere wiþ þat þei pursuen hem for errours..but þe pursuyt is maad for prestes techyng men where þei schullen do here almes to here moste nedy neiȝbores..þan be þei cursed ypocritis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)503 : Trvwe, in belevynge: Catholicus.
- (1447) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2341 : Ye wold, as a trewe knyght to God and holy Cherche..stur al tho..to do..as their duete is.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)24/968 : Ther maist thou se som..rewarded..for her trewe doctrine and techynge.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)41/25 : Þe heresie of þe Manicheis encresid..þorw labour and doctrine of..Fortunate, whech had peruerted many soules fro þe trewe feith.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)111 : Tho clerkis laboren..to iustifie thilke..that the clergie..may not..determyne amys aȝens trewe feith.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)82/1 : Thees fals Iuwes..ben myscreantz and withouten feith or true bileve.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)429 : Þe worþy reume of fraunse..haþ translatid þe bible & þe gospels wiþ oþere trewe sentensis of doctours, out of lateyn in-to freynsch.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)504/361 : You that my true fayth defyne..from hens hastely!
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6177 : Þin laferrd birrþ þe buhsumm beon & hold & trigg & trowwe.
- a1275 Seinte marie leuedi (Trin-C B.14.39)10 : Godes word ful wel þov cnewe, ful mildeliche þer-to þov bewe, ant saidest so it mote be, þi þonc was studeuast ant trewe.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)163 : Sei ðu in scrifte to ðe prest sinnes tine..ðus art tu ging & newe; forðward be ðu trewe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)108/22 : He yzyȝþ þet he ne is..worþi him [God] to zyenne; þanne anhet þe guode herte and trewe and him wreþeþ to him zelue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.24.14 : Drede ȝe þe lord & serue ȝe to hym wiþ parfite hert & most trewe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1191 : To þat Pryncez paye hade I ay bente..And halden me þer in trwe entent..To mo of his mysterys I hade ben dryuen.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)116/3 : Whanne a man wol not be trewe to him, holdinge his hestis, anon he is blind and his owne enemy.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.229 : Poul..biddiþ..bi oure life 'þat man' have mater to 'gesse us as mynystris of God'..And alȝif ech Cristene man shulde be founden trewe in þis, ȝit preestis..shulden here be more trewe.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)408/7 : Þis obediens ȝeueþ sich a liȝt in þe soule þat makiþ a soule trewe boþe to þe ordir & also to his souereyn yn religioun, In þe which liȝt..a soule forȝetiþ himsilf.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)411/276 : With-outen gilte þe trewe was tane, For trespas did he neuere none.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)4/17 : Ipocrisye is whan a man schewith hym self moor holyer, trewer, & beter owtward þan he is inward..tretyng of deuocion & of holynesse, to hydyn his owyn euyl lyf.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)118/6 : Fewe we fynde trew in living; The begynnyng of good living is for to drede god, wiche drede causeth a soule not forto leue vndo þe good þat shuld be don.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)123/3 : Be trew to god in þi þought, in þi behest, in þi werke, and in þi dedis; be euer feruent in spirit.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3b : Hit is to hem a god weie..ȝief þey be trew & preyen deuoutly after þe grace of þe holy gost.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)646/26 : To the religius hows..of Godstowe..benefettes..hathe be grauntyd thorow largenes of trew cristin men & pepul.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)321 : What lif þat plesiþ more to god is betere preiere to god; as lif of a trewe plow man or ellis of a trewe heerde is betere preyere to god þen preyere of any ordre þat god loueþ lesse.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.230 : Worchepe Godis name & be trewe to God in byynge & sellynge, in speche, and in lyuynge, and þan men schul leuyn þe redely withoutyn ony oth.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)774/23 : The iij son are all trew [Hrl: gode] cristyn men & woman..þat haue be synners and haue amende her lyve.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)16/262 : Ofte tymes haue I schewid me..to make men deeme..þat I was betir, holier, and trewer þan I was.
c
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)Prol.120 : Þe comune..plowmen ordeygned To tilie and trauaile as trewe lyf askeþ.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)8/17 : Bi þe feet is bitokened symple men in holi chirche, þat ben in þe furneys of trewe labour, & þerbi clensen hem of synne.
- (1447) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2341 : Ye wold..for your owne duete and trewe acquytail, that as Godys knyght ye owe to hym and to hys cherche..stur al tho..to do..as their duete is.
- (1447) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2341 : Wher as trywe obeisaunce is suffred to be wyth drawen from God and hys cherche, it must sone after, by Goddys ryghtful dome..be withdrawen from man that suffreth and helpeth it to be doon.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16415 : His [Tobias's] tym and his trew lyfe mun euer be made in mynd.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)118/1 : Of þe workis of bileve, þat is, of trew living, it is my purpose forto declare þat þi living mow a corde to þi feyth, for of trew living oure lord is highly plesid.
- a1475(c1450) Shirley SSecr.(Add 5467)237/2 : Of the chaste and trew lyuyng of the kynge.
- a1500(?a1450) St.Dor.(1) (Hrl 5272)211 : There schalle y be mery for euermore, In his blisse, eternally, For trew kepyng of his lore.
8.
(a) Really existing or occurring, actual [quot. 1404 may belong to sense 13.(c)]; really present, manifest; (b) such as it actually is, actual; also as mere pleonasm or intensifier.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)618/27 : Curlewes haueþ streiȝt veynes aboute þe herte, & þerfore venemous smoke haþ no trewe passage but he bidiþ in þe stomak.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Ye shall fynde a bille closed wyth ynne this of alle the trewe dettes that ben aught to me.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1538 : Egistus..dide a lybel make And forge a writ of repulsioun Al-be he hadde no trewe occasioun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.4.41 : Somtyme it hevyth up the heved (that is..the entencioun) to ryght heye thinges, and somtyme it descendith into ryght lowe thinges, and whan it retorneth into hymself it reproveth and destroyeth the false thingis by the trewe thinges.
- a1500 Clerk & H.(Add 38666)28 : Hyt ys nat all tru þat peryth in glasse! Women can schaw a dowbull face, And qwer thay say lyttyll þai thynke more.
- a1500 *Nicod.(5) (Wor F.172)5b : Yeve yee glorie to god..if thiese thyngis bien triew whiche ye han seen and herd.
- c1500 Be cause that (SeldArch B.24)34 : The accident Is trew and more pitouse Than was the double sorou of troilus.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)358 : Þe trwe tenor of his teme he tolde.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)191 : Those ar the trewe entres of the Sonne in to the signes.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)1/13 : Meknes..is þe keper and þe trew foundement of alle vertues.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)829/28 : Sir knyght..I requyre you uppon the hyghe Order of Knyghthode to telle me youre trewe name.
- (1470) Paston (EETS)1.425 : Bothe the seid partiez shalbe aggreable, aftir the trwe entent hereof declared.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2092 : Many men can chose good wyne Bi colour and odoure when it is fyne, But for new wyne..The trew taste is moste suerte of alle.
9.
(a) Really such, authentic; also, genuine; also, as noun: something that is genuine [quot. a1398, 2nd occurrence]; (b) archetypal, ideal;—used esp. of Biblical types; (c) such by strict definition; which properly bears the name; also, as noun: ribs proper [quot. ?a1425]; (d) as noun: the true God; also, a name for Christ; (e) in oaths and asseverations.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)311/81 : Jhesu, þat is trewe and triȝed, was not ȝit in hem glorifyed.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)851/23-4 : It is harde..to knowe bitwen þe verry precious stones and fals, for ofte þilke þat ben false and gilefulle semen most liche to hem þat ben trewe and verray, so þat vnneþe me may knowe bitwene þe trewe and gilefull.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25405 : Fader and sun and haligast, To þe i cri and call mast, þat treuest es in tron.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)133/4 : I beseche Almiȝti God þat trewe pees, hole counseil & goostly coumforte in God..euirmore be wiþ þee.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)84/12 : Her herte is infecte and haue no riȝt ne trewe taast of þe soule, ne goostly sauour, wherfore alle gode werkis semen to hem vnsauory and wickid.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)20 : No coyn ne knew man which was fals or trewe.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)67 : Riȝt as..apeny is a trewe peny whanne he haþ acerteyn metal..a certeyn weiȝte and a certeyn preente, for þanne is he able to perfoorme and atteyne to þe eende for which he was ordeyned..And if he lacke eny of þese iij poyntis, he is no trewe peny but a fals peny and a countirfeet, riȝt so..whanne..a personne haþ a body and a resonable soule, bi which he may resone and wille..þanne he is a very man and a trewe man.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)219 : Bi þyn incarnacioun..þou madist þee in verry trewe maner and in noon feyned wise oure broþer.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)21 : The best loue and trewist [vr. trewiste] is whanne a soule is reisid and liȝtned in-to knowynge of þe beynge of God in Crist.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3174 : Ten schilling of my trew gold a man þat is armed, And fyue to a fote-man faithely I hete.
- c1450 Dives & P.(Lchf 35)1.41 : Only deth departeth & brekyth þe bond of trewe matrymony.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)18 : Þer hopped Hawkyn, Þer davnsed Dawkyn, Þer trumped Tomkyn, And all were trewe drynkers.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Horns (LdMisc 683)6 : Thyng countirfeet hath noon existence, Tween gold and gossomer is greet dyfference, Trewe metall requeryth noon allay.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1156 : The tru son of ryghtusnes, Wyche þat ys on [read: Owr] Lorde Jhesu, Xall sprynge in hem þat drede hys meknes.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)215 : The veray, triewe oile of mercy..is of veray love and pite.
- a1500 Mirk Fest.Revis.(Hrl 2247)80/18 : Criste Ihesu..was a tru mediatour betwene þem two when he had þe kynde of bothe, and is verrei God and verrey man.
- a1500 Sire emperoure (Ashm 750)9 : O Mahound, þou grete god and tru..Offur to þe I wyll newe A dagger.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)695 : A triet Image she toke all of true golde.
b
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)97/15 : My..sone is clepid þe trewe holy lomb.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)352/25 : I am a trewe vyne..& ȝe ben þe braunchis.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)8/14 : Þus doþ oure trewe leche, oure Lord God almyȝti, þat haþ vs as vndir his cure.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)Prol.150 : The verrei trewe corn..fil seuerid from the chaf.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)1.110/25 : In euery side bene 12 ribbez or costez, viz. 7 trewe [Ch.(2): verray or trewe ribbes] & 5 fals or mendose.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)75/4 : Tho apostemes þat ben made of naturel humours ben cleped trewe, propre, certeyne apostemes..Þoo forsoþe þe whiche ben made of vnnatural humours be saide nouȝt trewe, vnpropre, vncerteyn, and euel-schapen.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)87/10 : Flegmon is saide twofolde..þat is..þe trewe and þe vntrewe; þe trewe flegmon is made of moche blood þe whiche þe membre nedeþ, and þe vntrewe is made of euel blood and vnkyndely.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)305 : Þe trew discrecioun to wirche a vertuose deede muste knowe and biholde vpon þe circumstauncis of þe deede.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)140 : Mola matricis is in two maners..Anoþer is cleped mola nouȝt trewe.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)110 : Sum ar sparmatyke membyrs..and to them may be don no gendyrynge nor non consondynge in trew wyse, as ar bonys.
d
- ?a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Rwl C.750)p.163 : Trewe [Hrl 874: I seiȝ a white hors & he þat sat þere vpon his name was treuþe & soþfast].
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)17/9 : Þese þingis seiþ þe holi and trewe [vrr. soþfast; trew God], þat haþ þe keye of Dauid.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)385 : My wndyrstondynge ys in trew That wyth feyth ws dyd renew.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)327/47 : Thay [the Jews] wold for no tokynyng, Ne yit for his techyng, Trast in that trew [Jesus].
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.959 : He..swoor his ooth as he was trewe knyght.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3781 : Were it gold..Thow sholdest haue, as I am trewe smyth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.465 : As I am a kynges doghter trewe If that I verraily the cause knewe Of youre disese..I wolde amende it.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1648 : Frend, as I am trewe knyght, And by that feyth I shal to God and yow I hadde it nevere half so hote as now.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)262 : Als I ame trewe gentyllwoman, Þer es no beste on erthe þat ranne On fote þay will hym to.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)49.92 : As I am A trewe Manne, and thou hast mad me Ony lyenge, thou schalt be ded with-Owten taryeng.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1194/28 : The Bysshop had of the kynge hys grete seale and hys assuraunce, as he was a trew and anoynted kynge, that sir Launcelot shulde go sauff and com sauff.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)620 : I schall geue hym..wedde Florens my doghtur bryȝt As Y am trewe crysten knyght Certen wythowtyn lees.
10.
(a) Proper; such as it should be, requisite, correct; such as it must be, necessary; ~ werk; (b) of an instrument: calibrated and measuring correctly, accurate; of a measure or means of measuring: agreeing with the standard, correct; (c) true to its original; also, accurately represented; also, comp. as noun: something that is more accurately represented; (d) of a token, test, etc.: trustworthy for determining the truth, reliably indicative, sure; (e) possessed of the expertise belonging to a particular craft or skill, capable; also, as noun: those who are skilled [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.920 : Trewe effect of mariage clenseth fornicacioun and replenysseth holy chirche of good lynage..and..chaungeth deedly synne in to venial synne.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)435/12 : To ȝeue couenable and trewe medicine aȝeynes diuers sikenes and periles a good phisician nediþ to..be ful ware and ful wel avised.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)714 : He [Joseph] was a wryghte, & trewerke allway wroght.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)87/8 : Flegmon..is saide propirly for an aposteme gendred of trewe and clene blood.
- (1444) RParl.5.105b : Men of the said craft..shuld have power..to make..serche of all maner Worstedes..that every pece of Worsted be suying thurgh oute the clothe of true makyng.
- (1444) RParl.5.114a : The..Wyne had his true makyng, and trewe boillyng and paryng, and trewe kepyng..wherthurgh the saide Wynes in tho daies made, were trewe in Wyne and lye.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)1 : The trewe processe of Englysh polycye..Is thys..That we be mayster es of the narowe see.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)153 fn. : Aftir trev stonding þis chaptir shulde stonde nexte aftir þe title of sincopis.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)2064 : The nootes they knew therby and..whyche song ys false or trew.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1079 : It were sufficient comforte now to me To know þe trew materials with-owte wrong Of þat stone whiche I haue sowgthe so longe.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1360 : Their payment be quyke & trewe.
- a1525(?1435) Cov.Leet Bk.182 : Yif the cardwiredrawer were..disseyued withe ontrewe wire he wold..sey vnto the smythier..'Sir, I hadde of you late badde wire..Amend your honde, or..I wille no more bye of you'; And then the smythier, lest he lost his Custemers, wolde make true goode.
b
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)18/17 : Tak thanne a large compas þat be trewe.
- (1448-1450) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)299 : Resseyued of Martyn Harlowe for j bem and weyghtes not trewe, Summa xiij s. iiij d.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)728 : Oure grounde there is a lytell cornere To all Yrelonde in treue comparisone.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)50 : Se also þat your corne be mesured withe a trewe mesure, that is to say a trewe bushell, & þat euery bushell be strekyn.
- a1525(?1474) Cov.Leet Bk.397 : Hitt was ordeyned..that iij barley-Cornes take out of the middes of the Ere makith a Inche; and xij Inches makith a foote, and iij fote makith a yarde, And hit to be sysed and sealed & therupon to be marked a true halfe yarde, quarter, halfe quarter, Nayle, and halfe Nayle.
- a1525(?1474) Cov.Leet Bk.400 : [A weaver's assize] ys that he wey by no stones nor be no maner of weyghtes but if thei be sised and sealed and true beme.
c
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.333 : I leue wel, lady..þat þi latyne be trewe.
- (1448) Shillingford71 : The orygynallys or true copyes therof buth redy to be shewed.
- c1450 Peniarth Accedence(2) (Pen 356B)15/303-4 : Ȝif so be þat he be taker of þe signi[fi]cacion of þe superlatyf degre—þat is to say, when þe genetyf may be changyd into þe same case þat þe superlatyf degre ys and þe superlatyf degre into þe posityf by trewe sentence, as þus: 'The rose is fayryst of flovrys,' hit may be changyd þus and þe sentence trewe 'þe rose ys a feyre flovre'—ȝe may all wey chese..whedur ȝe will þat he acorde wt þe substantyf..before or wt þe genetyf case..after, in gendyr.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.7 (Hrl 2169)205 : Thys ys the trew armys as hyt schulde be.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.9 (Hrl 2169)177 : [This shield is struck out, and at the foot of the page another is drawn as] the trewer.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4785 : So mai we knowe bothe tuo Unwarli what oure wyves do, And that schal be a trewe assay.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.230 : Ful trewe tokenes bitwene vs is.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)167/7 : Þe sygnys gooyng beforn be bettir and trwer.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)38/517 : A trew tokyn ist we shall be sauyd all.
e
- (1348) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.3 : The crafte goode folk of the crafte praien that it be ordeined that iij or iiij moste trew & cunnyng of the crafte be chosen to ouersee the alayes and werkes.
- (1348) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.3 : Be it vnderstonde..that non entermete of the Crafte..but if he be sworne..to wirke treuly..as he that hathe ben aprentice or othir wise treu workeman known and asaid among hem.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)67 : The maister sende a man to londe, Of diuers langages was gode and trewe.
11a.
(a) Of an account, a story, record, proposition, statement, etc.: factually accurate, correct; representative of reality; also, as noun: that which is true; for ~, as a factually accurate statement; maken ~, to make (a rumor) come true, bring to actuality; (b) of an opinion, etc.: sound, reliable; of a proverb, sentence, etc.: true to reality, apt, percipient; of nomenclature: doing justice to reality; of a grammatical rule: borne out; also, as noun in phrase: for ~, as sound conclusions; (c) of knowledge, a body of knowledge, etc.: accurately informed about reality; writen a ~ bok, fig. ?to conform oneself to Christ.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1166 : Þe childes tale he fond al trewe.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)122/207 : Þat he was aryse hy sede, And hare sawe was trewe.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)818/13 : Of hem [Trojans] come most myȝty naciouns of þe worlde, as moste trew stories of dyuers regiouns and londes tellen.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)26/37 : Þe trewe is ay mystrowed and þe les is often leued.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)392 : Þou hatz redily rehersed, bi resoun ful trwe, Clanly al þe couenaunt þat I þe kynge asked.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3542 : I hope þei shal fynde trewe Þe story pleyn, chefly in substaunce.
- (1445) ?Bokenham Claudian CS (Add 11814)256/20 : Blissed Ihesu, make this rumour trewe, And aftir feele peryles this prince with Ioie endewe.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)147/10 : That I haue wretyn is trewe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11354 : Take tent to tales þat I þe tell and trewly trest þat þei are trew!
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)97a : Þis worde nys neyþer truwe ne soþe, for þe wedding was emade of youre owen people.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)907/18 : There shall ye hyre trew tydynges of hym.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)59/56 : I that am calde kynge Abias conferme for trewe þat ȝe han seyd.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)142/4 : The right lewde vice of lyeng..is euyll syttyng to any noble man and..that is to wete of theim that be so intatched..that no true worde cometh oute of their mouthe.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)37 : Gentylmen Usshers of Chaumbre..sittith..in the King's chaumbre, to see..all the..brede..wyne, ale, wax, wood that is dispended..and thereof to make trew recorde.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)531 : Of this Chapiter more I nede not teche, For here apperith what men may it reche, That ys, to remembre only the trew.
- a1500 Add.37075 Accedence (Add 37075)47/129 : How know ye the indicatyff mode? For he shewith a reson trew or false by the wey of..tellyng.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)85 : They coniured hem..to telle hem whedyr yt was trew that they seyde or nay.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)17 : Sothe stories ben..straught out of mynde..For new..Sum tru for to traist, triet in þe ende, Sum feynit o fere & ay false vnder.
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.197 : O Juvenal, lord, trewe is thy sentence, That litel wyten folk what is to yerne.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2985 : A vers þat Dauid spak I þe sawter I fynde it trewe: Tesauriȝat et ignorat cui congregabit ea.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)6/8,10 : Y haue..eche of þilke conclusions sette forþ..into þis entent: if þei be founde trewe, þat þei be bi so mych þe redier araied..to be acceptid..of þe reder..for trewe.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)21/13 : The treuhest opinion in this mater rehersith Fulgens in his Mithologiis.
- a1500 Hatton Informacio (Hat 58)116/244 : When ys thys rule trew? When my pryncypall verbe ys a verbe personall.
- a1500 How schal a mann (Hnt HM 183)35 : This prouerbe is true and full sothe, He kan neuer wele deme þt euyll dothe.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)111 : Sum cal yt swych maner of brawne as 'the mowse'..And the langage ys trew for yt hath the schap of a mowse.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2929 : The science and the konnynge of Salomon is ful trewe.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)39/8 : Þou most nedis haue to holde Goddis hestis, writ in þi soule..And þus þou maist lerne..to write a feir trewe bok and better konne Holi Writ þan ony maister of diuinite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.161 : For ner writers, al wer out of mynde..The trewe knowyng schulde haue gon to wrak.
- a1475(c1450) Shirley SSecr.(Add 5467)295/3 : I teche the..many thynges that thou shalt kepe in thyne herte for ferme science and trewe disciplyne.
- a1484 Treat.7 Lib.Arts (Trin-C R.14.52)1040/104 : Gramer also enformeth mannes soule with triewe vndirstandyng of euery part of reasoun.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)146/10 : In medycine is conteynyd þe most certeyn and trwest lernyng [Lambeth: a..trew techynge].
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)143 : The trew science of Alchymye Is of olde faders callid blessid & holye.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)115 : Yf yt happon that the skyne of the hede ys not kute and the pane ys brokyn..than yt ys nedfull for to have trew knowlege of the place wher the pan ys brokyne.
11b.
In phrases and combs.: (a) ~ thing, a truth, true statement; the ~ soth (treuth), the truth; the real truth; (b) ~ messager (witnes), a messenger (witness) who speaks truly; ~ prophete, a prophet who prophecies truly; (c) with that clause: ~ it is that, it is ~ that, etc.; also with that omitted [quot. a1500(c1477)]; (d) with pronoun or summary noun having vague or implied referent: this is ~, the contrarie is ~, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1361 : Told þei hire tiȝtly al þe trewe soþe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 17.35 : He seith trewe thingis, that ȝe bileue.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)508 : He [Edippus] hym bysoghte..that he wolde pleynly and not spare Of his byrth the trewe trouþe declare.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)303 : A trew thyng, fader, I tell þe.
b
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3755 : Þou miȝth ysee by my lere Þat Ich am trew messagere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1623 : Hit is tolde me bi tulkes þat þou trwe were Profete..Ande þat þou hatz in þy hert holy connyng..soþes to schawe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)388/273 : Ilke trewe prophettis tale Muste be fulfillid in mee.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10909 : When a trew prophet fro god of heuyn..told hym how he had forfett..In stokkes full sore he gartt hym sett.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.218 : Speche is ordeynyd of God principaly to ben trewe witnesse of þout in þe herte.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2536 : Oon vpon a Ml. his tyncture trewly is Of clene washen metall, I am trewe witnys.
c
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)66 : Of ech of hem it is trewe to be seid þat it is bettir hym to be had þan to be not had.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)3/21 : Trewe it is þat oon man mai not haue al maner bokis, & pouȝ he hadde, it schulde be noyous to rede hem alle.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)196/11 : How may it be trew at þou had þis syluer of þi fadur?
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)93/18 : Þis is trew..þat how euer resoun demeþ a deede of oure wilful conuersacioun to be doon, so þilk deede is a moral vertu.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)65/26 : It semeth, and true it is, that the moste worthy be not at all tymes moste riche.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2025 : It is trewe Thei loue not olde kidels as thei do þe new.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)54 : Pylat..coniured hem..to telle hym whedyr yt wer trew that Jhesu was not borne yn fornycacyoun.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)421 : May þys be trwe..Art þou þe quene of heuenez blwe?
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)1.82/14 : William & Lamfranc & henri..sey also þe bonez petrosa for to be added aboue þe bones parietalia..of which þe oppositee, i. contrarie, is truwe.
- (1442) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 7115 : These are the detts due to the lyght of Sint Marie aforesaid..And this is true as John Cadel said who is warden of the said lyght.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)61/11 : Iff thys be trew..hit were grete shame unto myne astate but that he were myghtyly withstonde.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)131/27 : Valere and othre dyuerse auctours..telle of him and of his dedis, and semys as it wer a thyng impossible that it myght be true.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)690 : Thei lewdly beleve euery conclusion..If it in boke writen thei may fynde Thei weene it trew.
- a1605(1450) Procl.Cade in Camd.n.s.28 (Lamb 306)94 : They sey that owre sovereyn lorde is a bove his lawys to his pleysewr, and he may make it and breke it as hym lyst..The contrary is trew, and elles he shuld not have sworn to kepe it.
11c.
In conventional comparisons and prov. expressions; also, as noun in phrase: for ~.
Associated quotations
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)12/59 : He þat sayþ he louys his Lord..he schuld sew his soferayns and his saueour; Þis may ȝe kyndle know; hit is treu as ane ston.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.836 : Taketh heed in your hyhnesse To this stori, trewe as is the creede.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)21086 : On þyng j schal ȝow telle which is as trewe as the gospelle.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)26/8 : It is als trew at Genulphus duse meracles as it is at myne ars syngis.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10283 : I haue a certeyn ston Wherthorgh (trewe as any byble) I kan me makyn invysible.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)68 : Off tunge vnteied muche harme may falle, And..this is as gospell trewe.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.118 : Hit ys cominly truye þat all men sayth.
- a1500 Tan.Mir.Virg.(Tan 407)377/74 : Trowe þis tale for trewe as ony gospelle.
12.
(a) Truthful, veracious; not given to deceiving, misleading, or dissembling; ~ in word (of wordes, of tonge), etc.; (b) of an act or a means of communication: expressing the truth, not deceptive; truthful, honest, not deceitful; also, as noun: something that is truthful [quot. ?a1425(c1400)]; ~ bok, a book that contains or embodies the truth;—also used fig. of Christ as the revelation of God; (c) of a dream, prophecy, feeling, etc.: revelatory of truth, veridical; genuinely inspired; (d) wise, discerning, learned; trustworthy as regards instruction or counsel; also, holding the correct opinion, in the right [quot. c1450]; also, as noun: one who is trustworthy;—also coll.; also, of counsel, etc.: judicious, wise; intended to represent the truth, honest; (e) ~ tonge (organe), tongue ~, a veracious or honest tongue; a wisely speaking tongue; ?also, an eloquent tongue; (f) in proverbs and conventional comparisons; also as noun [quot. c1450(c1375)].
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1098 : Ðises geares..æt Finchamstæde an mere blod weoll, swa swa manige trywe men sædan þe hit geseon sceoldan.
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.55 : Somune..xii fre men ant trewe..to knoulechen bi hoere od [read: oð] ȝif þat Water..was iseised in his demeine ase in feo.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1912 : Let thi Semblant be trewe and plein, For Falssemblant is thilke vice Which nevere was withoute office.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1175 : He..is noght trewe of that he seith, So that in him ther is no feith.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2707 : Wytnes þey alle gan hym bere Þat he ne wuld falsly swere, For ryche men are holde trewe, Þogh here falsnes be neuer so newe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.103 : Wolde ȝe lettred..be..Trewe of ȝowre tonge and of ȝowre taille bothe..Lothe were lewed men but þei ȝowre lore folwed.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)638 : Þe pen-tangel nwe He ber in schelde & cote, As tulk of tale most trwe.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)5/2 : What Cristen man douteþ wheþer God be trewe of his wordes?
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/17 : Many men ne list not to ȝeue credence to no þing but to þat þat þei seen with hire eye, ne be the Auctour ne the persone neuer so trewe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)503 : Truwe mann, or woman: Verax.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)821 : Here the grete compleynte That trewe men tellen that woll no lies peynte.
- (1451) Pet.Hen.VI in Archaeol.Ael.n.s.3186 : Suche loste or lostes..be founde or proved..by the examinacion of..two trewe credible persones sworne wittenessyng the same.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)141/28 : The worthi man of armes..ought to be true in woorde.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.155 : Þe fend..somtyme he is compellyd be þe myȝth of God to tellyn trewþis aȝenys his wyl..But for swiche sothsawis is he neuere þe trewere but alwey a fals lyere.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)58/77 : The aght bydis both old and yong That thay be traw of thare tong, And bere no fals witness.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)53 : Somme of you be not trewe, for hys modyr was wedded, as dyuers of youre peple bere wytnesse.
b
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)283 : A swete ihesu, þu oppnes me þin herte..in to reden trewe luue lettres, for þer i mai openlich seo hu muchel þu me luuedes.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 19.35 : He that syȝ..his witnessing is trewe.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)54/3 : A Ihesu, swete lemmon, hou kuyndeliche openest þou me þi derworþe herte..Forte knowen witerli al þi loue þer inne, and writen hit dernely in myn herte trewely wiþ trewe loue lettres of þin herte blood.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1731 : He scholde of trouthe thilke grace..embrace So that his word be trewe and plein..and so certein That in him be no double speche.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)38/15 : Crist..is þe bok and þe mirour wiþouten wem, in þe whiche ben hid alle tresoures of wisdom and conninge of God; And..Þerfore muche ben þei folis þat leuiþ þis trewe bok.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) Prol.Deeds(1) (Roy 1.C.8)4.507 : Luk..schewide the incarnacioun of the Lord bi a trewe telling.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/10 : Oure holy fader..remytted my boke to ben examyned..be the Avys of his seyd conseill, Be the whiche my boke was preeued for trewe.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)127/103 : Tellis forþ treuly ryȝt as hit is, Þen þis is treue confession.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)1156 : Go forthe, trewe booke.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)7/32 : In þis vice [ambition] fallyn also alle þo men þt..be eny oþer fals colour or trewe maken hem self..riche of oþer mennys godis.
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)337/7,9 : Sometyme sweuenes beþ trewe & somtyme fals..Sweuenes þat beþ trewe buþ somtyme opun & playne & somtyme iwrappid in figuratif mistik and dym and derke tokenynges.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)831 : In Ierusalem þus my lemman..Twyez for lombe watz taken þare, By trw recorde of ayþer prophete.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2300 : Þe spirite of trewe proficye Availeth nat..wher þer is noon audience.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)170/16 : Sche fonde hir felyng trewe & not deceyuabyl þat he had leue to spekyn to hir & sche to hym.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)61/121 : The xije kyng am I manasses, wyttnessynge here be trew testyficacion þat maydenys childe xal be prince of pes.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)68/9 : Euery spice of vegitable hath his propre disposicion..Some causeth fals dremes, some trew visions.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)465 : The sonne and the moone..yeven to me triewe aunswers..and told thynges to come.
- a1500 Orch.Syon (Mrg M 162)17/1 : I go to laboure..to performe þis gostli orchard as it plesiþ almyȝti God to liȝtne my soule wiþ trewe felynge and clere siȝt.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 12.20 : Þe beste men of w[u]rshipe he supplantiþ, chaunginge þe lippe of trewe men [WB(2): sothefast men; L veracium; WB(2) Gloss.: that is, of hem that ben wont to speke truthis, as ben filosoforis..the liȝt of veri knowing is withdrawun sum tyme for her pride].
- (1386) RParl.3.225a : The eleccion of Mairaltee is to be to the Fre men of the Citee, bi gode and paisible avys of the wysest and trewest.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2342 : The conseillours of grete lordes..enforcen hem alwey rather to speke plesante wordes enclynynge to the lordes lust than wordes that ben trewe or profitable.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3529 : Salomon..was ful trewe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1640 : Soubtil cautele..every trewman schal debate.
- a1400-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)263/24 : Hure consail was trywe and goode.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.23 : Ȝowre wordes aren wonderful..tho which of ȝow is trewest..And lelest to leue on for lyf and for soule?
- c1400 In hys beyng (Cmb Ii.3.8)p.67 : God in personis tre..in hys thechynge þer may no trewar be.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)17/17 : Þe..athomus, by þe diffinicion of trewe philisophres in þe sciens of astronomye, is þe leest partie of tyme.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6224 : Sacramentum xxvij personarum communis consilij ville lenne: Sire, ȝe shal..trewe counceil ȝyve for þis toun & nedis þat touche þis town.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)11 : The nexte ȝate folowyng as summe sey is porta salaria but seynt anneis legend calleth it porta numentana..þis hold I þe trewer party.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)366/33 : Loue hym þat loueth trouth, and that yiveth the true counseill, and that at som tymes contrarieth thyne oppinions.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)348 : Calle to the trew expositoures, That is, discrete confessours or prelates.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)740 : It is grete peyne..To wite where a trew mastir is.
- ?a1500 Othea (Hrl 838)27/10 : Love god & trouthe & yeve trew concelle.
e
- c1400 He haȝt a (Cmb Ii.3.8)p.68 : He haȝt a trewe tonge wel itried.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)5/11 : God..mai not faile..to stere yne oure toung, & ȝyue vs trewe organ of redi eloquens to edifiying of oure neiȝbour.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)552 : Trouth and clennesse musten men for-gete In lordes courtes..fy upon tonges trewe! They displesaunce in lordes courtes breewe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)882 : Mankynd, þat was wel songe..Blyssyd be þi trewe tonge!
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2714 : A, Coveytyse, haue þou good grace! Certys þou beryst a trewe tonge.
- a1450 That ilke man (Dgb 102)91 : To gete loue þus bygynne, Wiþ clene herte and swete þouȝt Wiþ trewe tong.
f
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.169 : Al this voys was sooth as god is trewe.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)105 : Nothing thinketh the fals as doth the trewe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11096 : Þou ert his prophett trew as stele.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)38/515 : Doufe, byrd full blist..Thou art trew for to trist as ston in the wall.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)138/699 : When I se hym and fele, Then wote I full weyll It is true as steyll That prophetys haue spokyn.
13.
(a) Just; fair, equitable; also, impartial; (b) of a party to a dispute: in the right; of a cause, case, quarrel, etc.: based on fact, rightly to be pursued, just; (c) lawful, legitimate, rightful; legally sanctioned, valid; of a law: in force, valid; of a sacrament: properly performed, valid; also, of a religious practice: based on correct beliefs, licit [quot. c1400(?a1387)]; (d) of goods: lawfully obtained; of monies: legitimately dispensed; (e) ~ title, legitimate right of possession; also, demonstrable evidence; bi ~ righte, by right.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)153/20 : Riȝtuolnesse is propreliche þet me deþ be dome riȝtuol and trewe, ne to nesssse, ne to hard.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.15.3 : Greet and wondirful ben thi werkes, Lord God almiȝty; thi weies ben iust and trewe.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2657 : Hoo, namoore, for it is doon; I wol be trewe iuge and nat partie: Arcite of Thebes shal haue Emelye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4240 : O blisful god that art so iust and trewe, Lo how that thow biwreyest mordre alway.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2701 : What is to take lawe on honde, Bot if the jugges weren trewe?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6566 : Aiax..seide she haþ deserued deth..affermynge..Of riȝtwisnesse and trewe iugement She shulde nat eskape with þe lyf.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)244 : Pilat..chese a quest on hym to passe Of men þat trewe & sothfast wore.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6223 : Sacramentum xxiiijor juratorum..Sire, ȝe shal swere þat ȝe shal trewe siȝt make touchinge frehold wiþynne þis Burgh, & truli deeme bitwene þe king & parti, & bitwene parti and parti..and honestli have ȝou wiþ ȝoure felaws in riȝt tretyng, deemyng, and verdijt ȝelding.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3181 : I am Veritas and trew wyl be In word and werke to olde and newe.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)513 : Be þou nouht, bolde king, balful no tened, Þat þou miht trystli trye þe treweste lawe.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)175/425 : Paris is the trewest man..Best it is our Juge þat he be.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)16/23 : Ther was he sworne unto his lordes and the comyns..to stand with true justyce fro thens forth the dayes of this lyf.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)217 : The prynce of knyhtis & also the stiward Ordeyned wer bi lawe..Lik trew Iugis and keperes of the lawe, Of hih prudence al riot to withdrawe.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)11739 : All hir lordes be oone assent So fayne to gyve trew Iugement.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9380 : Wanne vr lige louerd..Is here amidde us alle to susteini is riȝte, Muche þonc were it vs of god mid him vorto fiȝte, We trewe & in soþnesse aȝen hom þat false beþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.157 : Þanne it was sone i-knowe þat þe accusacioun was false and not trewe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7391 : In the multitude of men Is noght the strengthe, for with ten It hath be sen in trew querele Ayein an hundred false dele, And had the betre of goddes grace.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)2.94-5 : Kynges and knyȝtes shoulde..holde with hym and with hure þat han triwe accion, And for no lordayne loue leue þe trewe partye.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4527 : Yf any creature can bryng evidence, witnesse, or wol swere yt y aught hym any good, and seme to ȝowre conscience that there mater is trewe, let hem be paied.
- (1414) RParl.4.60a : It appereth by the record that is to fore the Juges of the Commone Bench..brought in to prove my suyte trewe.
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1)12 : Be he fals or be he trewe, I proue me self fals whan I wole han myn owne wil..I wile take non hede of falshed ne of truþe.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)18/28 : She was blamed, but y note whedir it was fals or true.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2598 : Yf þow haddist eny wrong & woldist pleyn the, And were as trewe a cause as eny myȝte be, Thow shuldist nat fynd o man to bere the witnes.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.255 : But he wolde sweryn þat his apel was trewe..he schulde ben..tent tretour & ben hangyn and drawyn.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.312 : Sent Powil byddith us stondyn in trewþe and in equite þat in al our doynge we lokyn þat our ground & our cause be trewe & ryȝtful, cler and clene, & makyn non stryf in vncerteyn.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 John 2.8 : I wrijte to ȝou a newe maundement, that is trewe and in him and in ȝou.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.982 : If he wole maken a trewe and a profitable confessioun, ther moste be foure condiciouns.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1836 : It is no fors how longe that we pleye: In trewe wedlok coupled be we tweye.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)12274 : Þys song..Ys trewe shryfte, and ofte doun.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.100 : Ydolatrie ȝe soffren in sondrye places menye..Al þe wordle wot wel hit myȝte nat be trywe, Ac for it profitiþ ȝow..ȝe prelates soffren Þat lewede men in mysbylyue leuen & deien.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)90/20 : For ȝif Crist be þin hosbonde, þanne þou schalt bringe forþ children fre in trewe wedlac, þat ben chaste þouȝtes..and goode werkes.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2094 : Ȝe on feith and lygaunce Ar bounde..Forto obeye and serue..As to ȝour lord and ȝour trewe kyng, Polemytes.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1752 : Þe hed apon þe whytes tayl, Þat bytokenyþ wipowte fayle Þe heires þat byþ treowe and gode Schal distryen al þy blode.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)604 : Ȝef hyt be oþer weyes I-went, Alle þe folghþe ys clene I-schent; þenne moste þou, to make hyt trewe, Say þe serues alle a-newe; Blesse þe water & halowe þe font, Ryght as hyt in bok stont.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1125 : He saiþ hit is his wille..Boþe þe olde and þe newe Togeder ben holden ylike trewe, And boþe þe lawes be fulfilt And nouþer broken ne spilt.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)105/35 : We accorsen..alle þat..bereth false witnesse ayen matrimony laufully made or ayen testament þat is true by custom, wityngly.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)192/11 : He seyth ye have ocupyed the Empyre with grete wronge, for all his trew auncettryes sauff his fadir Uther were Emperoures of Rome.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)195/22 : If that I dye in this jurney, here I make the, sir Constantyne, my trew ayre, for thou arte nexte of my kyn.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)643/11 : By ryght that castell of La Beale Regarde sholde have bene hers by trew enherytaunce.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)2.44.137a : Þat it miȝt come to effect of trewe spousage, he [Christ] haþ swilke gracious spekynges, in liknes to a wowere to a chosen soule.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)54/94 : Loke þin othis be non or smale and ȝett alwey loke trewe thei be.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)16 : If I bere witnes of misilf, mi wittnes is not trewe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5411 : He tomly hom told..how thelaphus tide to be treu kyng.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)192/8-9 : Huo þet ssel do elmesse..he hit ssel do of his oȝene and naȝt of oþremanne, and þerof þet he heþ of guode wynnynge and trewe; god ne heþ hede of kueade yefþes, ac he his loueþ trewe and guode.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.238 : For he was a nigard to þe neodful poure, For godes treitour he is tolde for al hus trewe catel.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6224 : Ȝe shal wel & truli gadire & resseyve þe comoun good and leefful, & trewe expensis make þereof þere it owiþ to be don.
e
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.343 : Þe apostles bereth witnesse Þat þei han heritage in heuene and bi trewe riȝte, Þere riche men no riȝte may clayme but of reuthe and grace.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.291 : We haue no trewe title to hem, for þorwgh tresoun were þei dampned.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)480 : Hit [axe] watz don abof þe dece on doser to henge, Þer alle men for meruayl myȝt on hit loke, & bi trwe tytle þer-of to telle þe wonder.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 218 : I..pray..myn executours þt eny dette þt any man kan axe me by true title or sufficiant euydences þt it be payed.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3386 : He hath conquered his herytage ageyn And..Recured eke his trewe title of Fraunce.
14.
In misc. senses: (a) in definition of the word 'treue'; (b) with weakened semantic content, as a generally approbatory term [quot. ?c1425 is an error through misconstruction of the Latin]; (c) sup. treweste, glossing ML scrutarius: ?best-tested, surest.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)65-6 : Þou art trewe in as manye maners as eny þing may be trewe; I fynde þat aman..is trewe in foure maners.
b
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)1033 : Dauid wolde wyte wiþ herte triwe How mochel eny ȝer it grewe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)11/10 : A trewe childe is made to haue a maner of wood leccherie [Ch.(1): childe forto haue a maner..lusty wodenes of soþfastnes; L puer veritatis quandam insanium veneream habere] and noþer nyȝt ne day to faile studieng and to lerne what þinges þat beeth isaide.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)97 : This seson..Clotheth..Alle the erthe, this verray trewe, With many sondry dyuers hewe.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)297 : Dame nature Throgh hir myght, this verray trewe, Alle erthely thing repaireth newe By naturel reuolucion.
c
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)492 : Trowaft [?read: Trewast]: Scrutarius.
15.
In surnames; also in allegorical names.
Associated quotations
- (1180) in Pipe R.Soc.29103 : Rannulfus Truue.
- (1200) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames355 : Roger Trowe.
- (c1215) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames355 : Richard Treweman.
- (1224) Abbrev.Plac.Hen.III104 : Simon le Trewe.
- (1250) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.7190 : Willelmo Troue.
- (1277) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 4195 : Roger Trewebodi.
- (1297) Pat.R.Edw.I288 : Walter Trewechapman.
- (1311-12) Freeman R.in KRec.18194 : Simon Trieuman.
- (1327) Name in LuSE 35180 : Troman.
- (1327) Nickname in LuSE 55179 : Rob. Treufelath.
- (1369) in Sundby Dial.Wor.187 : Trewefrere.
- (1379) Nickname in LuSE 55179-80 : Thom. Truknawe..Joh. Trwpage.
- (1379) Nickname in SAU 63195 : Joh. Tremon.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.320 : Thanne worth trewe-tonge a tidy man þat tened me neuere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.17 : Resoun..called catoun, his knaue, curteise of speech, And also tomme trewe-tonge-tell-me-no-tales-Ne-lesyng-to-lawȝe-of-for-I-loued-hem-neuere.
- (1454) *in Pilkington Surn.214 : Trewepeny, John.
- -?-(1334) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9630 : Henricus Trewchapman, cotoler.
- -?-(1438) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96152 : Robertus Truman, glover.
- -?-(1456) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96178 : Johannes Trewe, boucher.