(a) To assume or maintain a standing position, stand upright; stand in a place; -- also used of an idol [quot. a1480]; also, be on foot (as opposed to on horseback); (b) ~ afote, ~ on fot (fet), ~ up (upon) fet, to stand on (one's) feet, stand upright; ~ on shankes, stand on (one's) legs; ~ on tipton, stand on tiptoe; ~ upon on fot, stand on one foot; ~ up to the kne (armes), stand in water up to the knee (arms); (c) of a foot, the feet: to maintain a standing position; stand in a place; also, be firmly planted [last quot.]; (d) fig. to stay alive, survive; ~ in dene, stand on earth, live; (e) with inf.: to stand (to do sth.); (f) with diminished force, in conjunction with another verb which conveys the more vivid verbal sense: ~ and biholden (heren, loken, etc.), to stand and behold (hear, look, etc.); also, with pr.ppl. denoting concurrent action: ~ biholdinge (herkeninge, spekinge, etc.), stand beholding (listening, speaking, etc.); (g) in generalizing expressions: gon or riden or sitten or ~, sitten ~ oth-the gangen, etc., to do anything; wher I sit or stond or go, wherever I may be; whether we sitten walken or stonden, whatever we do; (h) in conventional comparisons and proverb.

With selected prepositions: (a) ~ abouten, to stand around (sb. or sth.); ~ aforn (anforngean), stand in front of (sb. or sth.); ~ amidward, stand amidst (sunlight); ~ amonges, stand among (people); ~ at, stand before (sb.), stand at (a door, gate, place, etc.); ~ at-foren, stand before (God's presence); ~ ayen (ayenes), stand facing (sb. or sth.); ~ bi, stand near (sb. or sth.); also, stand watch by (a coffin during a vigil); ~ biforen, stand in front of (sb. or sth.), stand in the presence of (sb., God); also, confront (sb.); also, impers. hit mai not ben stonden biforen, there can be no standing before (God), one cannot stand before (God); (b) ~ in, to stand in (sth.), stand in the midst of (a crowd), stand on (a road, the shore); ~ in wei, stand in (someone's, the) way; ~ neigh-bi (neigh to, ner), stand near (sb. or sth.); ~ nexte, stand near to (sb.); ~ on (upon), stand on (sth.); ~ over, stand over (sb. or sth.); ~ til (to, toforen), stand before (sb., God); -- also refl. [quot. ?1387]; ~ tomiddes, stand among (persons); ~ under, stand under (sth.); ~ with, stand together with (sb.), stand alongside (sb.); ~ withouten, stand outside (a gate); (c) ~ in compas, to stand in the environs (of sth.); ~ in middel (a roue), stand in the middle (a row); ~ in presence (sight), ~ on isighthe, stand in (someone's, God's) presence; ~ in state, stand in a mental state; ~ in (a) studie, ~ in thought, stand thinking; ~ on right side, stand on (God's) right hand; (d) fig. ~ bi, to assist (sb.), support; protect (sth.), defend; maintain (sth.), uphold; ~ biforen, be a servant to (sb.), attend (sb.); be in charge of (persons); ~ bitwixen hope and drede, stand between hope and dread, be uncertain; ~ for, support (sb. or sth.); ~ from sinne, refrain from sinning; ~ in cause, support (love's) cause; ~ in sinne, ~ on the wei of sinnes, be a sinner; ~ in the tobrekinge, stand in the breach; ~ neigh, help (sb.); ~ over, supervise (sb.); ~ under, to defend (the faith), support, adhere to [perhaps cp. OF soutenir (AN sustenir 'support, back, side with, defend'; ME sustenen v.3.(d) 'to support (a cause, etc.)']; ~ til, assist (sb.); ~ to al wei not god, sin in every way; ~ upon, be in charge of (a task); ~ with, support (sb.), make common cause with, side with; (e) in prov. expressions.

With selected adverbs & adverbial phrases: (a) ~ abouten, to stand around, stand nearby; ~ afer (of ferrom, on fer), ~ ferrene (to, stand at a distance; ~ alone, stand alone; ~ ayen, stand up (in the face of a storm), keep one's feet; ~ bi (bisides, neigh, ner, to), ~ neigh abouten, stand near, stand by; ~ bihinden, stand in the rear; ~ hole, stand in a body; ~ ifere (togeder), stand together; ~ on, refl. stand alone; ~ right up (streit up, upright), stand upright; (b) ~ seur, to stand securely; ~ stif (stout), stand sturdily, stand firm; ~ stille, stand without moving, stand in place; also, stand silently, stand without speaking; -- also refl.; ~ ston-stille; ~ thikke, stand thickly crowded together; (c) fig. ~ bi (neigh, to), to assist; ~ biforen, have charge (of sb.), preside (over sb.); ~ in, attend (to sth.); ~ slider, stand precariously, be in a precarious state; ~ upon, be in charge (over sb.), have supervision (of sb.); (d) in conventional comparisons, proverbs, and prov. expressions.

With adj. or p.ppl.: (a) with adj. [in some instances it is difficult to distinguish adj. from adv.]: ~ blithe (ille, unfain), to stand happy (unhappy); ~ helples (hungrie, naked, etc.), stand helpless (hungry, naked, etc.); ~ hole, stand healthy, stand cured; stand unharmed; also, in conventional comparisons: ~ as domb as a tre; ~ as hende as hauk in halle; (b) with p.ppl.: ~ armed (astoned, cursed, etc.); ~ went in-to a ston, to stand turned to stone.

(a) To take up and hold a place for selling wares; ~ in the place (porche, toun); (b) ~ at bord, to serve at a table; ~ at messe, celebrate mass; ~ upon pillorie, stand in the pillory; (c) ~ in, to stand dressed in (a color, garment), wear; be clad in (richness of array).

(a) Of an animal: to be stabled, stand in a stall; also, be made to stand in view as a prize [2nd quot.]; of a hawk: be kept (in a cage); ~ upon a flok, of birds: stand in a flock, flock together; maken ~ aside, force (lambs) apart from the flock, set aside; (b) ~ at abai, of dogs: to surround the quarry; of a hunted animal: stand at bay, be unable to escape the hounds; also, fig. of a person: be unable to escape, be at the mercy of an enemy.

With adverbs or prep. phrases implying movement to a position or place or change of position: (a) ~ afer (after, aroume, bak, etc.), to stand back, stand off, fall back, move away; ~ aside, step aside; ~ forth, step forward, move forward; ~ to bataille, go to battle; ~ to ship (shipward), go to (toward) a ship; (b) fig. and in fig. context: ~ abak, to fail, lack success; ~ bihinden, commit apostasy; also, lag in a spiritual battle [last quot.]; ~ forth, succeed as king (in someone's place).

(a) To rise to one's feet from a seated or prone position, get up, stand up; ~ on fet; ~ on stirop, stand up in one's stirrups; (b) ~ up, to stand up, rise to one's feet; also, arise from sleep, get up [quot. a1325]; also, straighten up (from a bow) [quot. ?a1425]; ~ up on fet, rise to (one's) feet; of a toad: rear up on the (hind) feet; ~ up in stirop (on stiropes), stand up in one's stirrups; ~ heighe up on ton, ~ up on tipton, rise up on tiptoe; (c) ~ o rode, of Christ: to mount on the cross; (d) of spring water: to well up, rise; ~ faire and cler.

(a) To make a stand in battle, stand and fight, resist an enemy in battle; also fig.; ~ at (to) fens, ~ at (in) defense, take up battle position, fight defensively; also fig. & iron. [see also defense n. 1a.(a)]; ~ in bataille; ~ in stoures (mani a stour), fight battles (many a battle); ~ in strife, fig. fight a spiritual battle; ~ til dede, withstand an encounter, stand up to a battle, offer forceful resistance; (b) with adverbs: ~ ayen, to put up a defense, fight back, offer forceful resistance; also, protest [2nd quot.]; ~ forn ayenes, stand in opposition; (c) with selected prepositions: ~ ayen (ayenes), to fight against (sb.), withstand (sb., a blow, a weapon); ~ with, struggle with (sb. or sth.); (d) ~ anentes (ayen, ayenes, onyen, toyen, yen), to resist (sb. or sth., God, Christ, the devil, etc.), oppose; ~ in laue ayenes, ?encroach upon the legal rights of (sb.); ~ up biforen, confront (sb.), take a stand against; (e) to withstand (sb., a blow, stroke, an assault, etc.); ~ him ani buffet (a strok), withstand any blow (a stroke) from him; ~ hem a pul, withstand an assault from them [see also pul n. (a)]; ~ partie ayen, fig. take sides against (reason), stand in opposition to; (f) to prevent (sth.), forestall.

(a) To stand trial; also, with inf.: be liable (to be sued); ~ at answere, be on trial before God, be called to answer at Judgment Day; ~ at (in, to) jugement, ~ at the barre, be on trial; ~ in dom (ple, pledinge), plead in court; ~ in help (maintenaunce), stand in (someone's) support (at Judgment Day); ~ to dom, be liable to legal judgment, stand trial, be tried; (b) of a guarantor: to guarantee (sth.); ~ to, go surety for (sth.); (c) ~ ayen, to stand against (sb. at Judgment Day); ~ ayenes, prevail against (sb. accused of a crime), bear witness successfully against (sb.); ~ adversarie ayenes, stand as adversary against (sb. at Judgment Day).

(a) With prep. phrases: ~ at (til), to abide by (a law, judgment, God's will, etc.); ~ to, abide by (an agreement, a command, decision, etc.); be bound by (someone's oath); abide by the authority of (sb., the church), obey; submit to (correction); accede to (sth.), accept; be subject to (a loss, gain); ~ to chaunce, submit to (one's) fate or lot; also, take one's chances; ~ to (unto) peril, be at (one's) risk; ~ unto, be subject to (the king's will), submit to (someone's decision), abide by (an agreement); ~ upon, be subject to (correction); ~ with, bear the brunt of (loss), endure; (b) to abide by (an oath, ordinance); ~ and kepen (obeien); (c) ben stonden to the opinioun of, to be bound by the decision of (the more numerous party).

(a) Of a city, structure, etc.: to stand, be erected; be in a state of completion; also, remain standing; ~ on, be supported on (pillars), rest upon; leten ~, let (a city, structure, etc.) remain standing, leave unassaulted or intact; leven stondinge, leave (a tent) pitched; maken ~, cause (a structure) to be erected; restore (gates, bars) to a standing position; (b) with complement: of a city, structure, dwelling, etc.: to stand in a specified state or condition, be built or erected in a specified way; also, remain standing in a specified state; also in proverbs; ~ bar (desolate), stand bare (desolate), be left standing in ruin; ~ desolate of comfort; ~ long (brod, etc.), be long (broad, etc.); ~ noble (stable, etc.); be nobly (stably, etc.) built, stand noble (stable, etc.); (c) ~ aboven (forth), of a tower: to rise up (from another structure), be raised up.

(a) Of a ladder, siege engine, stake, cross, etc.: to extend upward, be set upright; of a sheaf, stalk, etc.: stand erect; stand on end; of a cliff, hill, parted waters, etc.: rise up, extend up; of a sail: remain aloft; also fig.; ~ up (upright, upon loft); ~ forth, of a plant: grow upright; ppl. stondinge as adj.: upright, erect; stondinge coler, a turned-up collar; stondinge ston, a standing stone, monolith; (b) ppl. stondinge as adj.; of a piece of furniture: standing on a base, having legs or feet; of a vessel: having a stem and base, footed; of a candlestick: having a foot or feet; (c) of a chest: to stand in a specified state; ~ ful of god; ~ hole and sound; (d) of light, a beam of light, steam, breath, etc.: to issue forth, shoot out; ~ a stem, shoot out as a beam; ~ in-to, shine to (a place), reach; ~ toforen, issue forth from (sth.); ~ up (on heigh, shoot up, rise; (e) of ears, horns, hair: to stand erect; of the penis: be erect; of a man: have an erection; ~ croked (oute), of the nose: be crooked (jut out); ~ up, of hair, feathers: stand erect; of flesh: swell up; of the penis: be erect; ppl. stondinge as adj.: erect, upright; mid stondinge nekke, with an unbending neck, proudly; stif stondinge her, bristly hair; (f) to make (sth.) stand upright, hold upright.

(a) Of an island, a country, city, hill, structure, etc.: to be situated, be located, lie, stand; occupy a place; also, with selected prepositions: ~ ayen, occupy a place opposite (sth.); ~ bi (onfast, neigh), be situated near (sth.), lie beside (sth.); ~ bitwene, be situated among (hills); ~ from, be located (a specified distance) from (sth.); ~ in, be situated in (a country, the sea, etc.), lie on (the coast, earth, etc.), be located on (a road); ~ on, be situated on (a hill, etc.); ~ oute of, be located outside (sth.); ~ toward, lie toward (the east); ~ up (upon), lie close beside (the sea, a stream, etc.), occupy (a piece of land); (b) with adj. or p.ppl.: ~ riche, of land: to be fertile or prosperous; ~ formed, fig. lie created; (c) of a tree, grove, plant, etc.: to grow (in a place), be located; also, in prov. expression [quot. a1393]; with adj. or p.ppl.: ~ blouen, be in bloom; ~ boued, be bowed down, be bent; ~ drie, grow in a dry place.

(a) Of an object, a piece of furniture, window, etc.: to be situated (in a specified place), be located; be positioned, be placed; lie, stand, rest; also fig.; of food: be set (before sb.); of an altar: be placed (toward the east); maken ~, have (sth.) placed (in a place); stondinge alofte, of a gem in a ring: set prominently, set so as to stand out; (b) of water: to lie (about the earth, upon rocks); of a flood: stand (upon the ground); also of wind, in proverb [quot. a1500(a1450)]; ~ in contrarie, of two winds: be in opposition; (c) of a hood: to lie (close to someone's cheek); (d) anat. & physiol.: of a bodily organ, member, etc.: to be situated (in a place or part of the body), be fixed; of the head: remain fixed (on the body); of a swelling, an ulcer: be located (in a place); ~ even, of teeth: stand evenly aligned; ~ heighe, of sweat: lie thick (around a horse's breastplate); ~ in ouen kinde, be in normal position; stondinge depe in, deep-set, embedded; (e) of a vessel: to be set (on a footed base); ~ on fet (upon fot); (f) of a lock or bar of a door: to be set (against sb.).

Of a ship: to ride at anchor.

Of a celestial body: to be in a particular position; also, appear stationary in the sky; astrol. of the heavenly bodies: be in a particular position (so as to affect events, personal destiny, etc.); ~ after the treuth, be accurately positioned (on an astrolabe); ~ assised, be positioned in the sky; ~ derked, of the firmament: grow dark, be darkened; ~ louest, be nearest to earth; ~ south, appear in the southern sky; ~ stille, remain in a place in the sky without apparent motion.