Middle English Dictionary Entry
stiren v.
Entry Info
Forms | stiren v. Also stir(e, stiri(e, stirre, stirri, (early) stirien, stirȝe & stē̆r(e(n, sterie, sterre, stẹ̄re, steri, steore, (N) steir, (late) steure, (16th cent.) steare & stur(e(n, sturre, store, (chiefly early SW or SWM) sturi(e(n, (early SWM) storie & (?error) staire, (error) scer. Forms: sg.2 stiris(t, etc. & (error) sterystis; sg.3 stireth, etc. & stē̆riȝt, stē̆rit, (early SWM) sturað; pl. stiren, etc. & stē̆run; ppl. stiring(e, etc. & stirraunt, sturingge; p. stired, etc. & stird(e, stē̆ret, sterde, steirred, sturd; pl. stireden, etc. & stird, sterdin, (WM) steorid & (early) stiredan; ppl. stired(e, etc. & istir(r)ed, stird(e, istē̆red, -it, istured, i)sturet, istorid, (early) gestirede. |
Etymology | OE styrian, stirian, stirgan. Some forms and senses are not clearly distinguishable from similar forms and senses of stẹ̄ren v.(1), to which some quots. here may belong; cp. esp. stẹ̄ren v.(1) 1.(b), (c), (d). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. astiren v., bistiren v., outsteren v., oversturet ppl., tostiren v.
1.
(a) To set (sth.) in motion; pluck or pull (the string of a bow); brandish (a weapon), wield, swing; also, take (a step); ~ aboute; ppl. stirede, of a leaf: shaken (by the wind); (b) to move (a limb, bodily part, etc.); also fig.; shake (the head) in scorn or disapproval; move (the tongue or lips) in speaking or murmuring; of a bird: flap (its wings); ~ fot (honde), take or get into action; ~ honde either fot, move hand or foot, undertake or do anything; (c) to use (one's voice) in speech; ~ togeder, ?cause (the heart) to beat; (d) of a storm: to toss (a ship); (e) ben (worthen) stirede, of a place, land, a planet, etc.: to shake, quake, tremble; also, of a humor: be astir or in motion; ben stirede togeder; ppl. stirede, of a person: shaken, unsteady, swaying.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1099 : Locrin & Camber comen heom to-ȝeines; heo stureden [Otho: storeden] heora wepnan.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5882 : Her swerdes þai dede in blod steren [rime: feren].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)5194 : Israel wiþ þis vp leep, þat myȝte bifore stire [Vsp: strid] no step Wiþouten helpe of any son.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)331 : Now hatz Arthure his axe, & þe halme grypez & sturnely sturez hit aboute.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)139 : I am slyme of erthe..Pore of matere and dedely, As a lef styrede with wynde.
- c1500 King & H.(Ashm 61:Furness)462 : The frere gaff hym a bow in hond..He myȝt oneth styre þe streng.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8702 : Mærlin..sturede his tunge al-se he bede sunge.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)44/18 : Þe ilke..þe stureð [Tit: stures] hire tunge i leasunge, ha makeð of hire tunge cradel to þe deofles bearn.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)69/6 : Brid hwen hit fleo wule stureð hise wengen.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6182 : He..to þe bataile smot anon..& sturede vaste is honde.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)916 : Oliuer, ogger, & Roulond Among þe sarazins stureden here hond.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)210/28 : Huet is hit worþ to sterie and to beate al day þe lippen huanne þe herte is al domb?
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)21.6 : Al..spaken wyþ her lippes and stired [L moverunt] her heued.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)36.300/76 : He so faste myn hondus haþ bounden And in his clauwes my lymes wounden þat may I neiþer sture fot ne hande.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.337 : Thogh every grace aboute him sterte, He wol noght ones stere his fot.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1854 : Hem liketh noght to stere Here gostliche yhe forto se The world in his adversite.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.54 : He myȝte neither steppe ne stonde ne stere fote ne handes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.41.44 : Without thi comaundement no man shal stire [WB(1)(Bod 959): meuen] hond ether foot in al the lond of Egipt.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ps.21.8 : Alle men seynge me scorneden me..and stiriden the heed.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)46.310 : Onnethe may I steren membre ne heved.
- a1450(?a1390) Mirk Fest.Win.(Cld A.2)318 : He felde hymself holle in alle hys lymes..and sterid hys fyngres at hys lykyng.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1016/21 : He myght nat stonde nother stirre no membir that he had.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)320 : While þat þou speke, kepe welle þy honde, Thy fete also in pece let stonde, His curtase nede he most breke, Stirraunt fyngurs, toos when he shalle speke.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)28a/a : Þer ben two oþire causis why þe vppere chekebon is not meued and stirid as wel as þe toþer.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)34/366 : This spyndill will I slip Apon this hill Or I styr oone fote.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.2.2 : Smoke & blast is in oure nesetherlys & sermoun of a sparcle to steren togidere [WB(2): stire; L commovendum] oure herte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24101 : Mi steuen þat i was wont to stere, Vn-nethes moght i self it here.
d
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3709 : The two brether were abidyng bothe in a shippe Þat was stird with the storme streght out of warde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12505 : Stith was the storme, stird all the shippes.
e
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)86/8 : On þine deaðe ealle tunglen & gesceafte wurðen gestyrede [OE astyrode].
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)17.9 : Þe erþe hys styred, and hyȝt trembled [L Commota est, et contremuit terra].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.13.25 : Þe riche man stirid is confermed of his frendis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.43.17 : In his siȝte shul ben sterid togidere [L commovebuntur] þe hillis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.50.46 : Fro þe vois of þe caitifte of babilon sterid is þe lond.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 4.31 : Þo place þat þei wore inne was stired.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)151b/b : Þo men owen to be laten blood þat ben ȝonge and..of hoot complexioun..And in hem þat þe humouris be sterid and in flowynge.
2.
(a) To change the location of (sth.), move, shift; dislodge (sth.); also in prov. saying [quot. a1450 Yk.Pl.]; also, cause (a horse) to move; ~ awei; ~ from (o, of, oute o, oute of), move (sth.) from (a position or site); also, move (mountains) from (one place to another); ben stirede, be moved or shifted; also, of the foot: be moved (from a place), budge; of mountains or hills: be shaken (from their positions); of the land, a place: quake; (b) to transport (sb.); row (a boat); ben stirede, of persons: be removed from a place; also, of a sound: be conveyed; ben stirede from (of), be exiled from (a place); be removed from (a place); be removed from (God); (c) to distract (sb.); distract (sb. from an activity); also, ?disrupt or disturb (an activity).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8686 : Gað to ane stane..and cumeð mid stre[n]gðe ȝif ȝe hine maȝen sturien.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2832 : No gentil man of priis No miȝt it ones stiren.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.13 : Þouȝ ich haue als mychel strengþe þat I may stire þe hilles from o stede to anoþer, [etc.].
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.51 : Þe sterres fellen to þe erþe..þe heuene parted..& alle þe mountaynes & þe hilles ben stired out of her stedes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 21.8 : I schal make no more to ben stered þe foot of israel fro þe lond þat I ȝaf to þe fadris of hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 23.18 : Lef hym, no man stere þe bones of hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 9.6 : Who wiþstood to hym..þat stereþ þe erþe fro his place..shul ben smyten togidere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8874 : Þai moght neuer it stir o [Goöt: of] sted.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16582 : Þai moght [Goöt: ne moght] all it ster vte o [Goöt: of] þe sted.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5613 : Þer is no man þat may From þe place stere it nor remewe.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)51/196 : He bad þam stir oway þe stone And remu al þe erth oway.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)7/5 : Þis coroun..was of iunkes of the see..þai breke when men stirrez þe vessell to schewe þe coroun to grete lordes.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)26 : It [soul] is wondur stif, streyt, and strong, as a þing þat myȝte not be stirid ne chaungid, ne bowid on no syde.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)131/607 : Þou schalt stere þe styllot touward & froward so þat þe quyter may renne oute.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)131/618 : To þe forseide hurtynge is þis cure good y-nowȝ: to make seynes in þe manere of a crosse & oft-tymes styri hem wel.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)301/267 : Y ame harde stedde, A man myght as wele stere a stokke as a stone.
- (a1450) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1367 : He is avysed..that the first stone..be not stored, removed, ne towched.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)817 : Everych ayr another stereth More and more, and speche up bereth, Or voys, or noyse, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1091 : May þou oȝt..þe ȝonder lawe lyft on þi schulder And stire it oute of þe stede & stable in a-nothire?
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4937 : I wil..that the sydes of the old gate stonde stille..God for-bede and they be steryd, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)237/30 : Men..kyst ropys abowt þe nekkes of hore goddys and woldyn haue drawen hem downe, but þay myȝt not sturre hom.
- a1500 Cmb.Diseases Horse (Cmb Ll.1.18)84 : For a hurt in þe styfull..lete hym [horse] drynk in the stabyll while þat his medeycyn workyth, and ster hym not hastely ffor hurtyng off hym.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1 0612 (2nd occurrence) : Strenger is þat þing ywis Þat steriþ not or sterid is.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)667 : I shall with thys dagger..Putt yt down that yt myght plawe, And steare the clothe rounde abowte.
b
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)291 : Þai wer y stired fro þe lond & rode forþ bi þe se strond.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)124.1 : He þat woneþ in heuen ne shalt nouȝt be stired.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)124.1 : He ne sal be stired..In Ierusalem þat wones þare.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)18363 : He myȝt not þen be styrd of sted.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1095/2,12 : Lette me be put within a barget, and but one man with me..to stirre me thidir..so the man stirred the bargett unto Westmynster.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)75/107 : They þat trust in god as þe mownt syon, he xal not be steryd, endles þat dwellyth in jherusalem.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)124.2 : All that he takis gedirs in ane with the band of charite that thai be noght stird fra him.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)274/9 : He þoght hit was not Seynt Martyns will to be sturet fro thens.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)97/31 : Vche voys..ys al hool whenne it ys stiryd yn þe Eyre þat berys it.
c
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)423 : At þe gospel, were ful good Studefastliche þat ȝe stod, ffor no þing þat ȝe stured hit.
- (1432) Proc.Privy C.4.135 : He hath be sturred by somme frome his lernyng.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)152/32 : Vnknytt your thoughtis from all affeccions that steren and meve yow owtward.
3.
(a) Of a person, an animal, fish, etc.: to move; be alive; ppl. stiringe, moving; also, of bodily members or organs: having movement; (b) of objects: to have motion, move; of cloth, the wings of a bird: flutter; of a harp string: vibrate; ?of a stick: beat or flail about; ppl. stiringe as adj., of stones: loose; (c) of a bodily part: to move; of the mouth: move in eating [quot. a1450]; of the heart: pound, throb; of voices: sound; (d) of blood, a humor, saliva, etc.: to be in motion, flow; (e) of water: to be in motion; of the sea: churn; of a place, earth, etc.: shake, quake.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2810 : Min child tatt i min wambe liþ..bigann forrþrihht anan To stirenn & to buttenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8695 : Beoð alle stille þat na man þer ne sturie.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)622 : Ðe dragunes one ne stiren nout wiles te panter remeð ogt, oc daren stille in here pit.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2636 : Hir wombe greteþ þou miȝt toniȝt Fele, hou it stireþ þat litel wiȝt.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)567 : A whit kniht..strok him stark ded þat he sturede neuere.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9184 : Þre days styl þey lay..Þat none steryd.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)403 : By forty dayez wern faren, on folde no flesch styryed.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)26 : The hunters shul passe aboue hym and beside that he shal not stere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1805 : A swoone I fell..Long tyme I lay and stired nought.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)39b/a : Þer ben þre intenciouns of kinde of distribucioun..of sinewes..Anoþer is be cause of meuyng in þo instrumentes þat ben motiue oþer steringe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)934 : Whanne þou sterystis [read: steryste] or starystis or stumble upon stonys, I lepe as a lyon.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)857 : Lye downe preuely hur by, Butte neghe noȝte þou þat lady..Ne noȝte so hardy þou stur.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)169/6 : Yf þe wynde haue any parte of þys costes, the fysche wyll not commynly byte ne styre.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)27/19 : I wolde kynge Ban and Bors with hir felyship of ten thousand men..kept them prevy, and that they be leyde..and that they stire nat.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1785 : Men myȝt se tokenyng of her child, Steryng on her right syde.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)758 : He sate stylle as any stone, He durste not store.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.63 : Beth ȝe lordys..of alle thyngge þat steryȝt and lyuyȝt vpon erthe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3799 : Alle þat lyuen han soule þerto Þorgh whiche þe body sterith, Etith and drinkeþ, spekiþ or herith.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)21/163 : Cleopest þeo þinges godes þet nowðer sturien [Tit: sturie] ne mahen ne storen ham seoluen buten as þe heh king hat ham.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1720 : Lese goddez..lyf haden never, Made of stokkes and stonez þat never styry moȝt.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)4401 : Þe speris crakeþ swiþe þikke, So doþ on hegge sterre stike.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.141 : Molsh cley & stanry [vr. stany] lond & stiryng [L mobiles] stonys Commyxt with mold and flynt..al this is for vynys good.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3108 : Hurre thouȝt he say Þe clothe þat honged vpone hurre tombe þere þo Meue ofte & store wondere fast.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)14/31 : Whan þe harpe is wel set in twne, let oo streng be towchyd þerof & a noon schal a noþer streng þt is his consonawnt..steryn & be meuyd.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)152/5 : Sche felith her flessh so quiete..as þough sche spak of stonys or of filth..þat stireth not.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5268 : Whan þe foule is a-lofte And hise wynges steren ofte..He doth þe eir forto mynge.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10612 (1st occurrence) : Strenger is þat þing ywis Þat steriþ not or sterid is.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14055 : Þa umbe stunde stefne þer sturede [Otho: storede].
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)191 : Sche streyned me so stalworthle þat I had na mouth to speke, ne na hand to styrre.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)139/6 : His eghen er so fast stirrand and sprenkland as fyre.
- a1450 Where-of is mad (Dgb 102)108 : Stere, and lete þe mylle grynde.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)15/19 : The holy martire..felle downe to the erthe..ther stired nother hande ne body ne foot.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3282 : As sone as þe body..Haþ sauered þe eir..And þe feble bones gynneþ stere, [etc.].
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3638 : If þe hete þe colde ouer go, And þe drie þe weet also, Þe body begynneþ forto quake And þe herte to stere and shake.
d
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)91a/a : Ȝunge men þat ben hote & drie in complexioun..hauen a grete wounde made with kittynge..and þe humours be steringe & flowinge, to sucche men blodelesse is good.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)137/688 : Þou schalt be warre þat þe sore be towched with non yre..in þe bi-gynnynge while þe humours buþ sterynge.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)27/21 : Veer is hoot and moyste; in this time sterith mannys blood.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)198 : When veynys been som-what replete, The spiritis wol stere.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)344/8 : Thus shall thou vndirstande..thy spatill shall subtilye stire in thy mouthe.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)153/10 : Þe blode of man is qwekynnyd, and sterys a-brod to alle odyr partys.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)97/32 : Vche voys yn his ordre ys al hool whenne it ys stiryd yn þe Eyre þat berys it, & þat self noble spiritalte stirrys þerwith.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)57/11 : Somer tyme is hote and drye, wher-in collir stirreth.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10165 : Some [dreams] comeþ..somtyme of humours stering Aboute þe herte of man sleping.
e
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)216/19 : Weater þe ne stureð nawt readliche stinkeð.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)580 : Þer water is most deope, Þe lasse þer þen steres he.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19210 : Quen þai all had said þair bede, þan bigan to stir þat stede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23663 : All þe elementes þat we se, þan sal þai all clenged be; þat nu er stirand all sal stand.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)97.7 : Mirthes in sighte ofe kinge lauerd is; Stire þe se, and fulhed his.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)14/20 : Men may see þere the erthe of the tombe apertly many tymes steren & meuen.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1249 : Þer was a water..Þat neuermore stired to ne fro.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)79/20 : Hoote waters er heuy, ffor þay stonde and may noght stire.
4.
(a) To move about; of a serpent: writhe; ~ to and (ne) fro; ppl. stiringe, moving about; (b) to be active or busy, take action; ~ aboute; ~ with no strife, ?take no hostile action; (c) ppl. stiringe, of persons, the soul, life, desire: busy, active, agile; also, ready or inclined to travel [quot. ?a1425]; of appetite: ?hearty; of animals: wild, fierce; frisky; of money: circulating, current; stiringe hors, a courser; (d) to be vigorous or energetic in battle; take action in fighting; agitate or rise in rebellion or war; ~ ayen, contend against (sb. or sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11855 : Þa hit dæi we[s] amarȝen, duȝeðe gunne sturien [Otho: storie].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3673 : I saugh hym noght stirynge Aboute his dore.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)95 : This..no skylful hunter oweþ to do but if..þe deer be steryng in þe quarter.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.692 : There was nomore to skippen nor to traunce, But boden go to bedde..If any wight was steryng anywhere.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)113a/a : Lete hem [serpents] sproule or stirre [L volutari] bi þe erth.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.12 : Weet the londe, Do beestis smale in hit to stire and stonde, And make hem rowte abowte.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)3069 : Þai..take iiij bolde knyghtes And arme hem wel..For to kepe þe sepulcre so Þat no man stirre to ne fro.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)478 : Now wol I goo out and see..yf y kan See owhere any stiryng man That may me telle where I am.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)15/15 : The crane and the turtu..turnithe her hede and fases bacward, and lokithe ouer the shuldre, and euer steringe with the hede like a vessell.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)548 : Ther may no man hir plese, So she sterith aboute this house in a wood rese.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)98/26 : Maners of Bestes er fyue..man, and volatille, ffyssh of þe water, þat gooþ on ffoure feet, & þat stirrys vpon wombe.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5156 : Byd hym kepe hym close, That in noo wise he stere not to And fro.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)29b/22 : Þe medesine that helyth þe byle stirrithe from stede to stede out of þe stede of þe bile and holdith anothyr way by þe whiche þe bile is clensyde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5935 : Al þat we here seen stere or goo Or flete in watir to and fro, Al to-gidre is to vs lent Þorgh mevyng of þe firmament.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)647 : Ðat wirm ure wiðerwine..ne dar he stiren, ne noman deren.
- c1415 Gamelyn (Corp-O 198)519 : Stere [vr. Bi-stere þe], good adam, and late þer none flee.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)69/8 : Kyng Pharo my fadir was..I am hys hayre..Euere in his steede to styrre and stande.
- c1450 My ladyes (Frf 16)134 : Joly and lyght is your complexicion That [ye] steryn ay and kunne nat stonde still.
- a1500(?a1425) Laud SSecr.(LdMisc 685)75/6 : A man to styr & knowe hys wyfe & to eyte mykyl, it is noght so noyant as in oon oþer tyme.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)263 : Styffly about I thynke to stere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12364 : All the ronke pepull..soghtyn to Eneas ffor to sese of his sute, & his sad yre..To stir with no stryue, ne stroy hom no more.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)88/29 : Swa styriende is þe sawle þæt heo forþam on slepe ne stilð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)79/9 : Mine leouesustren, bi niht as þe nihtfuhel þet ancre is to ieuenet beoð ȝeorne sturiende [Nero: sturiinde; Cleo: sturinde].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258b/b : Some beþ y-cleped bestie þat beþ nouȝt tame but wilde, and beþ kyndeliche more sterynge [L ferociores] þan tame bestes and more mylde þan cruel bestes.
- (1423) RParl.4.257b : So that be ther never so muche white moneye forged, that shall be but litell the more sturyngge among the poeple.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)108/5 : Þei ben not sterynge ne mevable be cause þat þei ben in the..clymat..of Saturne.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.872 : Folis..Quyk, swift, and stiryng with hillarite.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)313 : He was styrrande in sum gude werkes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)248/175 : Loke þat ȝe haue Many myghty men, That is both strang and sterand.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)75/14 : So shulde man here in þis liffe euermore be sterynge and worchynge good verkes.
- c1450 ABCArist.(Lamb 853)p.261 : To straunge, ne to stirynge, ne straungeli to stare.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.25.16b : Preiere is nouȝt ellis bute a stirende disir of þe herte in to god.
- (1477) Paston2.415 : A steryng hors if he be, he is the bettyr.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)68/35 : Þes er þe tokenys of a good stomak: lightnes of body, clernes of vnderstondynge, stirynge [L multus] appetyt.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)104/11 : Man ys..swyft and stirrand as goote.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)87/1 : Every soule of reson hath two thinges of stering lyf, oon in vertue and another in the bodily workinge.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4656 : He..sturede [Otho: storede] i þon compe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5345 : In Lundene stureden þa leoden.
- ?c1400 Cursor (Arms 57)829 : Al bigan to stire and stryf Aȝeyn adam.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3558 : Neuere dirst Romayn stire in his stour.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)298 : Milorde of Gloucestre..brente and slowe..So that oure enmyse durste not byde nor stere.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5728 : When he wyst on what kyn wyse kyng saul styrd with strang hand, hee redyd all his reme to ryse.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.269 : Rewlers of rewmes..Were..yffoundid..to strie strouters þat sterede aȝeine rithis.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)38/24 : Wherfor quaken the enemyes and dare not stere.
5.
Refl. (a) To bestir oneself; move itself; move about; be active or busy, get into action; also fig.; also, bestir oneself (to do sth.); (b) to exert oneself in combat, enter into fighting; ~ aboute; (c) ?to contend (with sb.) intellectually.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)227/9 : After þam þe he þane drenc ȝedruncan habbe, he seal gan & hine stirien, ar þan he hine aspywe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5084 : Heo ferde forð-rihtes..& stureden heom-seoluen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)170/2 : Þe vuere stan bitacneð hope þe eorneð & stureð hire igode werkes.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)207 : Þus fierde þis luþere womman and sturede hire wel faste, Þat no man ne dorste hire broþur bi-mene.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)61 : Seint Miȝhel sturede him þo a-mong heom.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 13.11 : As he [God] stereþ hymself [L se commoverit] he shal disturben ȝou.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)519 : Stere [vr. Bi-stere] þe, good Adam, and lat þer noon flee.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)237/3 : It was not leeful to þee..liȝtly stire þisilf to vndirnyme hym.
- (1435) Let.Christ Ch.in RS 85.3165 : Hit is acordyd..that..Richard..hath grauntyd to the..Priour..to do the governaunce..takyng..ij payre hosyng yerly, al so longe as he may stere hym self, see and walke and have power..to..do the sayd governaunce, ordynaunce, [etc.].
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)67/1963 : To telle it to myn hert y kan me stire.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)50/9 : Geffray de Lazynyen..myght not wele meve hym ne styrre hym..he was arrayd in suche wyse that he myght ryde vpon an hors-ber.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1085/25 : Whan he was uppon hys horse, he steyrred hym freyshly.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.254 : He defendith al maner wrongful desyr and myscoueytise to ony mannys good, of hous, of lond, of gold..and of alle swyche oþir þingis þat mon nout steryn hemself.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)87/6 : The londe wax in good pees..that none Irysh-man ne durst hym not styre werre to begynne.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)31b/15 : Wynde it fast with a corde so þat þe lyme mowe not stire hym.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7611 : Nimeð eoure sexes..& ohtliche eou sturieð [Otho: storieþ].
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)390 : Corineus herwiþ harde smot & stured him aboute.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3663 : Þe king adde er among þe scottes ystured [B vrr. stured, sturryd, stered] him uol wel.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)876 : Olyuer gan hym sturie about & for-hewþ hem plate & maille.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)137/1730 : Achilles him stereþ..And by þe shulders oon he recheþ.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1883 : He stird him so omang þam þan, At ilka dint he slogh a man.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)2763 : Þo of Thebes heom steorid, And heore wallis wyȝtly weorred.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5574 : The Troyens..myght now [read: not] for weri hem steri, Thei were so for-fouȝten.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1327 : He..Stirs him sa in a stonde..Þat þar [ne] was berne on bent bott bretened.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)485 : A nobull knyght..styrryth hym styfly in þe fyght.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12230 : I wend i moght me wit him stere, Bot i..am bi-scorn.
6.
(a) To set off, go, depart; ?approach [quot. a1500 GRom.]; move (toward sb.), turn (to sb.); go (to some place or sth.), move; -- also refl.; proceed (to battle); turn (toward sin or virtue); also, of a ship: set sail; ~ awei-ward, of stench: move away, dissipate; ~ up, of a whale: rise up to the surface of the sea; (b) ~ from (of, oute of), to move from (a place); -- also refl.; fig. leave (the school of love); forsake (sin); ~ forth oute of; (c) ben stirede, to turn aside or veer off (from a path or road); turn away (from God); also, come (from a place) [quot. a1400]; (d) of a heavenly body: to move in its course; -- also refl.; (e) fig. to make one's way through (spiritual hardships), deal with.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12744 : Þe uader weop a þene sune..moder a þa dohter þa þa duȝeðe sturede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)20/35 : He strahte him & sturede toward tis meoke meiden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)26/4 : Þe feond..tofeol efne atwa &..his fule stench strac & sturede aweiwart.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)158/17 : He ne dear for fearlac sturie [Nero: sturien him] toward sunne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)75/11 : Euch ancre haueð þis o foreward ba þurh nome of ancre & þurh þet ha wuneð under þe chirche to understiprin hire..ha ne stureð neauer.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)409 : So droui is te sees grund ne mai he wunen ðer ðat stund, oc stireð up & houeð stille.
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)82/1445 : Þe ship bigon to sture.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.7.15 : Whan thei hadden stirid to [WB(2): brouȝt; L admovissent] the fifthe, thei traueiliden hym.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6151 : Þai war neigh, quen þai stir bigan, Sex hundreth thusand fute men þan.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.256 : If þou þink to wynne Gascoyn ageyn..þou salle rise vp..& stirre vnto þe stoure.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)83 : As he [hart] stereþ and peseþ forthe metyng hym, [etc.].
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)1133 : Feche me hidre myn ovn derlyng..nov ye stere, Hast you wightlie.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)731 : Forthe þay ȝede, Þay stirrede on many a stalworthe stede.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)23 : Þei [two lineages in the Old Testament] tokun actifis and contemplatifis, þat sterun to vertewe be þer two maneris.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)145/13 : Þis man steryd ynto anoþyr howse.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)137 : Whan he smote on his harpe, the fisshes began for to stere.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)699 : Now, Jason, to the cawdron þat ye stere And fast fetche hether that ylke cake.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)959 : Jason..the bote tok, Stird ouer the streame streght to þe lond.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4654 : All..stird hom full streight..Into Awlida þe yle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4948 : Vlexes..And Dyamede..Stiden vpon stithe horse, stird to the Cite.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)309 : Ne stereð ge [fox] nogt of ðe stede..oc dareð so ge ded were.
- c1330 Iesu þat for vs (Auch)27 : Ȝe sscholden habben in minde..Godes passion..þat he þolede for vs alle, To sturen out of dedli sinne.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)19210 : Þai stired ham forþ out of þat stede.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)646 : Nowþer wald styr of þe stede.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)117a/a : Loke þat þou be warre..in þe bynding so þat þe puluilles mowe not stere neiþer remewe out of her place.
- a1450 Chastising GC (Rwl C.57)120/11 : Stere [Bod: he smyteþ to kepe in his children, þat þei shul nat stirt abrode fro þe scole of loue].
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)184/39 : He..vold not..sterre owt of þat stede.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)206 : His stede was stonet starke ded: He sturd neuyr owte of þat sted.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)95/29 : The meuyng of the hevyn hylde him so faste that he myght not ster nor parte fro that place.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)3869 : Loke ye store not of þat stedde.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)207/90 : Yet stirred I not owt of this place.
c
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3961 : Ðis asse is eft of weige stired, So ðat balames fot is hird.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3252 : Qua him sagh moght vnderstand He stird was of a riche land.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.5.6 : Whil we ben in þis deadly body we ben styryd [L peregrinamur] fro god.
d
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/22 : Þe mone & te steorren, þe walkeð bi þe lufte, ne stutteð ne ne studegið ah sturieð aa mare.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23590 : Sun and mon and water and stern, þat rinnes nu wit ras sa yern..Fra þan na langer bes stirand.
- ?c1400 PPl.Z (Bod 851)6.75 : Dar no stere steren hym ne steme ayeyn ys defense.
e
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)58/19 : Ȝe moten rowen aȝein stream..& gasteliche earmðes stealewurðliche sturien.
7.
(a) To stir a mixture; stir (a broth, mixture, etc.); also, mix (ingredients, sth. with sth. else) by stirring; -- also without obj.; also, beat (cream or butter); ~ togeder; (b) to agitate (a body of water); of a storm or wind: churn up (the sea, water, waves); ~ up; ppl. stirede, of water: turbid; (c) to stoke (coals), poke; ?move (bones) around, ?rub; also, plow (land); (d) to grind (sth. into powder); ?crush (sth.); ppl. stirede, pulverized.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)21/30 : Seod þa scealfe, þæt heo wel wealle, and styre hy swyþe, ȝemanȝ þan þe heo welle.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)54.49/4 : Nym plaumen &..boill am in watre..drauh out of þe crouhhe & wel hakke heom wiþ ayren; Meng in an pail, wel istured.
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)64 : Tak gumme arabuk i-noh, ant cast into a standys with cler watur..ant seththe cast thereof into thin asure ant sture ham togedere.
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)68.32/5 : Do þat flesch in þat broth & mak hem boyle togedere & stury it wel.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)320a/b : Þe which instrument is round and broode..and þe creme is y-beten and y-stered þerwiþ.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)341/16 : Recipe mellis albi boni..farine..do þerto iuys of apium..boile hem..þan do hem adoun of þe fier & stire hem wel.
- c1400 Sln.468 Cook.Recipes (Sln 468)88.25/4 : Tak figges & resynes..braye hem..& do þerto wyn & braye þe flesch of hennes..& do..almound melk in a pot & do þerto þyn thynges & stere wel togedere.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)50 : Putt al þise þinges togedir and medle hem vpon þe fire and stere hem wel.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)64b/a : Be..þe byndez..moisted..in applying of þe forsaid medicyne or of albumine oui stirred with oile.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)95a/ b : Rabi Moises enditeþ butir coct & despumed, led or stirred at þe son.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)95a/a : Melte þi literge & þi rede lede & þine oile togider..& stere it euermore wele.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)8 : Take creme or mylke or [read: &] brede..breke it on þe creme..sette it on þe fyre an stere euermore.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)46 : Take Flowre, Milke, & Eyroun..& make þer-of a bature; pare Applys & ster hem.
- a1450 Liber Cophonis (Add 34111)25/82 : Tak brent lede litarge..and meng hem wiþ oleum rosaceum and wiþ þe iuse of stonhore and scer hem wel in a morter of bras.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)227/20 : Take ambrose, colteffote, primerose, cowsloppis..ponne hem small and boyle hem with borys-grece and stere it wel to-gedyr.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)270/877 : Staire [?read: Steire] it wele till it be almost cold.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)61/4 : Lete þam sethe longe, and allway stere fast, tyll it be towe and þik.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.11 : Set hit over þe fyre, þenne Boyle hit and sture lest hit brenne.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.30 : Take mustarde..Stomper hit..Do wyne þerto and venegur gode, Sture hom wele togeder.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)89 : Caste the lye into the lede afore the clothe and stere hit welle togeder with a staffe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)102b/b : Putte in þe oile and now þe vinegre, litil and litil, euermore stirynge wiþ a pestel til it be ful maad.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)85/15 : Lat þe sethinge be steryd and strenyd to it bycome cleer.
b
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)404 : Ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund..til it cumeð ðe time ðat storm stireð al ðe se.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)250/27 : Me ne ziȝþ naȝt briȝtliche ine þe wetere ystered.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)97.7 : Be þe se stired and hys plente.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)283b/a : If þe water is clere, þe hors trampeþ and stureth it wiþ his foot to make it þikke.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8936 : Ilk dai..þar lighted dun..Angels..For to stir þe stang.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)152 : Ones in the ȝere that water was gretly stered and meved of the aungel of god.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1259 : An angel come þurgh Goddes sonde To stirre þe water to þe lond.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)487 : Stive stormus of þe wind stiren up þe wawus.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)6/1 : Þe more þe watyr in þe se is styred wyth þe wynde, þe more it flowyth.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)97.7 : Stird be the see and fulnes of it.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1278 : He stired the coles til relente gan The wex agayn the fyr.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)31/11 : With ane instrument of siluer he stirrez [Man.(1): froteth] þe banes of þe virgyne apon ane auter.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)41/20 : Eche prelat steryth [L fricans] the bonys of the martyr with an instrument of syluyr.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)121a : To Styre lande: barectare.
d
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3580 : He..dede ðat calf melten in fir And stired it al to dust sir.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.89 : Spicerye ȝyveþ smell whan it is powned, but dritte, ȝif stired more, is more unsavery.
- c1450 Lestenytȝ lordyngis boþe (Cai 383/603)p.72 : They gunne to paryn his crown; He sterdyn the braynys vp and doun.
8.
(a) To rise from sickness; rise (from a sickbed or sleep); rouse (sb., a lion cub) from sleep or death; refl. rouse oneself (from a sickbed); rise from the dead; ~ up, ?recover from (a state of unconsciousness); (b) to rouse or start (a game animal); also, urge on (a horse); drive (an ox); chase away (an insect); also, glossing L ciere [quot. a1425]; (c) to stimulate (sb., a bodily organ, bodily humor, appetite, etc.); of a medicine: stimulate (a bodily organ, heat in the body); have an effect on (sb.); also, stimulate (sb.) in the stomach, induce (sb.) to vomit [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5845 : Leness whellp þær þær itt iss Whellpedd, tær liþ itt stille Þre daȝhess alls itt wære dæd..te faderr gaþ þærto & stireþþ itt & waccneþþ.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)11 : Wanne he is ikindled, Stille lið ðe leun, ne stireð he nout of slepe.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)485 : Þat me wolde nou riȝht þinche murie, Miȝhte þis wumman quikie a-ȝein and liuen and hire sturie!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5138 : Þair fader lai vnfer in bedd, þat he ne moght stir [Goöt: stir him] wel o þe stedd.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)19756 : To sture bifore þat had no myȝt Soone he roos wiþouten more.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)145/23 : It byhoueþ þat he slepe but litel and be he ofte stered [*Ch.(1): excited or wakened; L excitentur].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2809 : I ne may streyne me ne stere for stondis so hard.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)1205 : Jn swounynge he fel downe Vpon his ferther arsoune..He pulled vp his herte And sterryd vp [Clg: keuerede of] his state.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)12/5 : My lord Ihesu Crist, he stire the..and yeve the lyfe. Aryse.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.38.26 : Who holdeþ þe plowȝ &..with þe pricke stereþ [WB(2): dryueth; L agitat] þe oxen, [etc.].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14a/b : Cieo: to calle, steore, gedre [Pep: i. commovere].
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)2072 : In the forest he hunted far For to chace the wilde dere, He loued wel hem to stere.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)30/29 : He fared woode as a lyon and stirred his horse here and there.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5159 : A frende..steret these fleghes that diden hym ny for to gete hym better rest.
- a1500 Treat.Hunt.(Cmb Ll.1.18)50/118 : He þat wyll stere þe hert by lymer, hyt behoweth þat he be aspyed atte mydnyght before.
c
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)41/33 : Þanne se drenc hyne styrȝe, þanne sile him drince ȝelomlice wearm wæter, þæt he þa bet spiwe.
- a1425(c1400) 5 Wits (Hrl 2398)26/23 : Þanne schalt þou nouȝt desyre..delicat dyȝtynges of þy mete wiþ cost of..sauces for to stirye þy tast into scharper appetit.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)136a/a : For to crie & stir hem [ears] wiþ a criyng voice is proffitable.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)124/7 : Þe wicked humoures bien stired.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.314 : Obiecte qualitees..steren youre foreyn instrumentes..And gooth before þe goostly sentementes, A maner sufferaunce corporall For to excite þe gostly myght wiþall And steren so þe worchynge of þe mynde To formes whiche arested were wiþ-ynne.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)70/10 : Þou shalt take a-latred..it sterys hete to þe body [L excitat calorem corporis].
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)71/15 : Stirynge before þe mete sterith þe hete of þe stomak.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)73/30 : Somer tyme ys hoot and drye, and þanne þe rede colere ys steryd.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)80/26 : Swylk wyn..sturrys appetyt.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)87/3 : A medicyn þat þat tyme gyuen shall lityll profyt a man or styrre.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)57/12 : All thynge that is hote and drye in complexion..wolle stirr collir.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)28b/15 : Þe triacle..stirrythe þe wombe.
9.
(a) To affect (sb.) emotionally; stir up (someone's feelings); of emotions or feelings: be aroused [quot. a1400]; ben stirede, be affected emotionally, be moved; be excited; of God: flare up (in anger); (b) ~ to (in-to, til), to provoke (sb., God, the heart) to (anger); also, move someone to (joy, pride, etc.) [quot. ?c1430]; stiringe to, ?provoking someone to (wrath), infuriating someone; stirede to, moved to (despair, envy, anger); stirede with (bi, thurgh), provoked with (anger, fear, etc.); moved by (pity, mercy, etc.); (c) to provoke (sb., the body or flesh) sexually; ~ to (unto), arouse someone to (lechery, carnal sin); also, arouse (sb., the body, etc.) to (lechery, carnal sin, etc.); ppl. stirede, of the flesh: provoked (to lechery); of a person or his body: aroused (with fleshly desire, bodily temptation, etc.); (d) ?to anger (sb.), irritate; (e) to arouse (anger, malice, suspicion, lechery, etc.); also, provoke (laughter); ppl. stirede, aroused, provoked.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)2.13 : Whan he be styred [L exarserit] in hys short ire, blisced ben hij þat afien in hym.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2795 : Alas! loue, wo dost þou me, þov sturest al my blod.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.21.10 : When he had entrid in to Jerusalem, al the cite was stirid.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 15.20 : His fadir syȝ him and he was stirid [WB(2): stirrid] by mercy.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5052 : Ioseph beheild þan beniamin; Him stird al his blod wit-in.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2074 : Naturelly blod wil ay of kynde Draw vn-to blod..Whiche made Hector..To be mevid and sterid in his herte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5137 : So inwardly sterid was his blod Þat like a tigre..deprived newly of his praye, Riȝt so firde he.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)45/28 : I..ne may maystrien ne lowe it for greme & angre þat stireþ me wiþinne.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)14/34 : Let oo good cristyn man be towchid wt seknesse bodely or..oþer myschef, a noon is þer anoþer good cristyn man þerby steryd & hath þer of rewþe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)341/102 : To ded can luf me dryfe and styrryd my hart roytt.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4169 : Þai are blyndit with baret..Þat wackons vp werre & wrathus vs in hert Or stiris vs with strenght.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)138/11 : Þu schuldest..nawt trubli þin heorte & sturien in to wreaððe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.19.6 : He þat smyteþ his neiȝbor vnwytynge..shal flee..last parauenture þe neiȝbor of hym whos blood is sheed, þour sorwe steryd, pursue & take hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.2.12 : Þe sonys of Irael..folwedyn alien goddys..& to wraþþe styreden þe lord.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 15.1 : Þe ost..with onely trembling & dreede stired, tooken socour of fliȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2318 : With hise viciouse wordes he stireth oother folk to angre and to ire.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4947 : Pollydamas Was lik his fader of stature..gentil and..Wonder strong..And to Ire sterid sodeynly.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.2.5 : Y sende thee to the sones of Israel..whiche wenten awei fro me..it is an hows stirynge to wraththe.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.32.9 : Y shal stire to wraththe the herte of many puplis.
- a1425 Adam & E.(3) (Wht)82/31 : Þe feend, stirid wiþ wraþþe and enuye to hemward, transfyguride hym in-to a fayr ymage.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)58/1 : A wikked man..kest a brynnand fyrebrand at oure Lord for to stirre him til ire.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)191 : Þat songe & oure acordiþ not, for oure stiriþ to iolite & pride, & here stiriþ to mornynge.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1473 : Ȝet was his hert witȝ swech pite stered.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4256 : Leue ȝe noȝt we be to heȝe ne hauten of will..or sterid to enuy.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)279/32 : Ȝiff þou be stered to dispeire, sprynge þer-on how God alvey in þis liff is mercifull.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)14/23 : Throughe þe whiche ynstynct mevid & steryd, Molmucius..made a statute, [etc.].
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)36 : Þei þat serue not Crist in spirit..sterun God in to wraþ.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.323 : Prouokyth nout ne steryth nout ȝour childryn to wretth vnskilfuly.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)743/24 : The ffendes of helle perseyuyng þat..were sterede with gret envy.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)744/7 : Þe son of gode..was sterede with mercy; He come doun fro heven In-to þis world.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)52/108 : Criste Ihesu..was mevyd and steryd thorow mercy, ascendyd vp to þe holy crosse for mannys redempcion.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)2217 : Off Army peple Full many here bee..Which us cometh, by gret wreth stered.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)153/6 : A sihðe..oðer anlepi word..ȝef hit eawt stureð þe, cwench hit wið teares weater.
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.107rb : Briddis tungge, pigil, crampwort or schotwort: this herbe hatz smale long leues, scharp beforn lyk a briddis tungge; grene it is of mikil migth, drie noon. It encreceth blood, and so eten it stireth to þat doing [L (Circa Instans): libidinem incitat]. To þe same: an electuare mad of þe flesch of dates & of þe inward of festu. (If þou may not haue festu, do with ious of briddes tunge or with þe leues stamped & with hony.)
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)114/6 : He felede his flesh sterede to lecherie.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)65b : Who so vsithe him myche in pouder he stirry a body to lechery.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)11/405 : If thy body be stured with an vnclene heet of flesshly lust..anoon remembre the of these holy maydens.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)129/22 : Þis herbe steryth a man and wymman to werkys of kende.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)151/25 : Ȝef a man be drounkyn, it steryt hym to lecherye.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)120 : This sede etyn or dronkyn stureth hugely to lechery.
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)73/24 : Figmentis..of poetez..stirre to mich þe mynde of [read: to] entysyng of lustez.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)2/23 : Þis olde monke was so stirrid with syn & temptacion of his bodye, [etc].
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)92/21 : Þe devull transfygurd into liknes of a fayre damysell..& com vnto me &..stirrid and movid me so at I had nere-hand desyrid to hafe had at do with hur.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)58/15 : Leude touchinge and handelyng sterith and chafithe the flesshe and the body.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)135/16 : The first degree of sobirnes is for to absteyne from ouermoche mete and drinke..And not for to set his entent to ete and drynke such þingis..stiring to vnclennes.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Lamb 633)194/28 : Whoso asketh I-styrryd with con[cu]piscens..Senneth venialy.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)181 : Whenne Ionathas sawe hir, he was I-storid to an vnlawfull maner of love.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)31 : J charge the that thou neuer kysse woman to that entent to..stir..thi body vnto synn.
- a1500 Agnus Castus (Hrl 3840)197/9 : The powder of thys herbe storyth a man to lechery.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)733/9 : Who þat euer comes vn-to þe and styrys þe to haue þe to his wyfe, Renne..& loke vpon my blody schyrte.
d
- c1460 Chaucer CT.Pars.(RwlPoet 149)I.379 : Sterith [Heng: he dooth synne..whan þat he by lightnesse or folye mysseyth or scorneth his neighebore].
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)111/11 : Kepe not in mynde..what is seyde ayenst þe forto make þe wroth..þat what þat euer is seyde to þe forto stire þe þou wilt not be vn mylde.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.69.47a : Þe more þou art sterid and iuel willed ageins þe persone, þe ferþer art þou fro perfit charite of þin euencristne; þe lesse þou art stired, þe nerrer þou art charite.
e
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)102/20 : Þe seste [whelp of Pride] is loquacite; þe fedeð þis hwelp þe is of muche speche, ȝelpeð..liheð..chideð..stureð lahtre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.11.33 : Þe woodnes of þe lord stered [WB(2): was reisid; L concitatus] into þe peple, smoot hem wiþ a fol greet veniaunce.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.38 : Husbondis..hadde in maner a suspecioun, Stered bi the serpent of fals ielousie, Toward Spurnya.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)89 : Fenel seed drunke with wyn stiriþ lecherye.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.150 : Þise kynges of theire cruelnesse Haue putte hem vnto meschyf..Somtyme of malice stered of envie Be wicked folk.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)127 : Covetise..is all way stered as well in olde and yonge.
- ?a1500 This is goddis (Lamb 306)92 : To styr my wrathe þou wylt assaye.
10.
(a) To trouble (sb., the heart), upset; frighten (sb.); disquiet (one's wits); ~ togeder; ~ from the foundementes, torment or distress (sb.) to the core of his being; ~ up, ?be disquieted or troubled; (b) ben stirede, to be troubled or upset; be disturbed (that sb. should do sth.); ben stirede in, ?be frightened of (sth.); ppl. stirede, uneasy, anxious; frightened; of chastity, maidenhood: threatened.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)120/16 : Þu nouhst nout sturien ne trublen ðine heorte & stien into wreððe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.4.19 : He shal..steren þem fro þe foundementis, & vn to þe heiȝeste þey shul ben desolat.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.28.16 : Þe þridde tunge manye men sterede.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.50.34 : The aȝenbyere of hem..schal defende the cause of hem, that he make the lond aferd and stire togidere the dwelleris of Babiloyne.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)4868 : A thousand knyghtes I leue ȝow here..That the Gregeis vs not sterre, To take oure toun with arte and scleght.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 17.8 : Þei stired gretely þo puple ande þo princes of þo cites þat harde þise þinges.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)182 : Bayne me my bone, blessed lord, To stire Nero with noye & newen his sorowe.
- c1450 Bi west (Add 31042)325 : Alle schullen stirre vp with þat steuen Þat euer to resone myghte atayne.
- (1466) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.33 : His unrightwise entent mooved and stired diverse persones.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)829 : Studye you nouȝt þeron, ne stere þi wittes.
b
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Þa was al Engle land styred mar þan ær wæs.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)12.5 : Hij þat trublen me shal joien ȝif ich haue ben stired.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Tob.5.18 : Lest par auenture I make þee stirid, I am aȝarie þe sone of grete ananye.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.17.9 : By passing of bestis & hissing of eddres stered, ferful þei persheden.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)52/1096 : How ofte asayled, itempted, and steryd, was þy maydenhood and clennesse kept and saued of God.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2508 : I am..gretly stered þat ȝe..List take on ȝow þis merveillous viage.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1658 : He mad þam in hert sterid With his twa-hand swerde.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)85/22 : All creaturs sal be styrde in his vengaunce at þe day of dome.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)78 : Lord God, my conseons ys stronly steryd.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)256 : Whenne freudricus harde thes wordes, he was not a litle storid in spirit.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)445/205 : Alas, nowe sterred I am in this stowre.
11a.
(a) To exhort; urge, coax, persuade; prompt or inspire an action; exhort a person (to be friendly); ~ to, inspire a person to (love, devotion, etc.); also, exhort a person to (sth.); (b) ppl. stiringe, inspiring.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)222/18 : Me may do þe dede of spoushod wyþ-oute zenne..huanne þe on yelt to þe oþre his dette þanne he hit akseþ and þerto ssel sterie dom.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)3.21 : To tyte he comaundid..þat cunny[n]g..he leue not of scriptures, 'holdyng..þylk sermoun..þat he be miȝty to myche steren in holsum doctryne.'
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Jer.(Bod 959)55 : Now þe caitifte stod on & ȝit to helþe god sterede.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.12.31 : Thei..stirynge..for to be benigne aȝeinus her kyne, camen to Jerusalem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) Prol.Luke(1) (Dc 369(2))4.141 : Stirynge the Hooly Gost, this gospel he wroot in the cuntrees [of] Achaye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)48b/b : A swete voys..gladeþ & sturieþ to loue.
- a1425 This blessyd boke (LdMisc 286)20 : Hit nedeth exposicyon..To stirre to more deuocyowne.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)6/3 : Þe..wordis of seynt anselme..mow stire moche to compunccioun.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)333 : Reson..stereth to all rightwisenesse.
b
- c1400 PLove (Hrl 2254)108/9 : Of sterande wordis of loue and of what myȝthe loue is to god.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)519 : Thy wordes sharpe & stirynge seeme.
- (1443) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.23254 : Hit shuld be ful expedient that ye ordeyned..good and sturyng precheris..to..exhorte hem to the said continuance.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)39/4 : In the whilke visyon er fulle many comfortabylle wordes and gretly styrrande to alle.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)6/2 : Þenk also ofte tyme þe stiryng wordis of seynt anselme.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)508/495 : Thre persons..in on godhead..Father and Son..and the Holly Goost styrring aye.
11b.
(a) To prompt (sb.) to some action; inspire (someone's heart); move (sb. or the soul) spiritually; ~ up; (b) to inspire or spur (sb., his heart, soul, etc. to good deeds, devotion, virtue, etc.); also in fig. context [1st quot.]; ?direct (someone's heart or mind to God); (c) to prompt (sb., God, the heart to do sth.), exhort, encourage; -- also refl.; induce (sth. to do sth.); ?direct (one's steps to walk somewhere); urge (sb. that he or she do sth.); ~ up; ben stirede, be spiritually moved (to do sth.); also, strive or endeavor (to do sth.) [quot. a1450]; (d) ?to entice (sb. away from sth.); (e) to inspire (mercy, love, spiritual devotion, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2085 : He tristeth noght upon his sleighte Al only..Bot that which..every noble herte stereth, The love..For his ladi..his herte fyreth.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)32/6 : We haue herd..þe same wordes þat þei weren stired wiþ.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Cor.9.2 : Ȝoure loue hath stirid ful manye.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)68/12 : God..to stire þis soule..and to herte her..answeride, [etc.].
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)6/219 : Than shalt thow renne to som pryuat prayer as for a gret refute..and vse it now lenger, now shorter after that thou art stured by grace.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)194/29 : The betynge..with-in or wyth-oute..styreȝ vp the dul and sleuthful man.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)438 : God axiþ not..rymes of hym þat shulde preche, but to telle euene goddis gospel & wordis to stire men þerby.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)251/5 : Al þe ost..wern soo isteryt by þe Holy Gost þat þay..comen to þe crystyn fayth.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)21/399 : I wolde oþere men stiriden oþere in refreischynge of me.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)69/5 : Þe wengen þe uppard beoreð ham, þet beoð gode þeawes þet ha moten sturien in to gode werkes, as brid hwen hit fleo wule.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)186/23 : Þe þridde þing þet ssel moche man sterie to merci is þe heste of þe holy writinge.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Eccl.(Bod 959)4 : Ecclesiasten I shulde reden to seynt blesill þat hir I shulde steren to þe despisyng of þis world.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.346 : In Latyn I speke a wordes fewe To saffron with my predicacioun And for to stire hem to deuocioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)46/31 : Þe soule of þis mayde was kyndelid and soore stirid by a greet desier into þe loue of God.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)221 : The holy goost..Stered him to þis holy, þis deuoute speche.
- a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)113/17 : He besieth him the more to stere [F esmouuoir] oure hertes to him.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)212/9 : Þai war..stirrid into deuocion & confermyng of þe faithe.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)212/33 : Vices stryuen sumtyme wyth vertues to profyte, that the mynde be styrede and reysed [L exerceatur] to god by that stryuynge.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)54/21 : Þese bokes..wil ster his hert to swech deuocion þat, [etc.].
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)60/8 : He stireth here to holy prayeris and meditacioun and teris.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.24.16a : Þanne bihouiþ þe for to quikne þin herte bi preiere and stere it..to som deuocion.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)109/19 : Who þat evyr be-holdyth me..xal be grettly steryed to vertu.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)114/19 : It is a profitable pricke to stire forþ þe wil into good choisis of good inward and outward dedis.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)2/36 : Prestes..ben ordeyned openly to schewe..myracles that perteyneth vn-to the festes that the peple of God may be lyghtenyd with vnto the knowlige of sothfastnes, and to the loue therof be inflamyd and styred.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)163/11 : For deuocion of the peple schuld be stirid the more vnto worschipynge of this feste..Pope Vrban haþ yeven [indulgence] to alle maner of Cristen peple þat it woll honowre.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)52/14 : Iche..muste haue goode mynde to teche his seruauntes and to stere theim to goddes seruice.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9171 : With langur of lust & of loue hote, He was stithly astondid, stird into þoght.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)173/29 : Dyaþ..him ssel sterie zone him to ssriue.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.55 : Þe deueles..shullen destroyen þe prechynges & þe godspelles þat þai ne stiren nouȝth þe reynes of grace forto duellen in þe hertes of þe synful.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Esd.4.6 : Þe herte of þe puple is stered to werken.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)9.11 : Þe whiche þing þat I shulde dooryn don me styride þe studye of Orygene.
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)8/14 : Worldly louers sen a mon or a wommon stured bi grace forte dispise hem-self.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)12276 : Þyr ys no þyng..Þat more stereþ God..Of vs synful to haue mercy.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)6/9 : Ȝe with ȝoure gode lyuynge stired him to holde myne hestes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1102 : Priam..compaseth..How strong he was of riches & meyne, How..myȝty was also his cite..Whiche sterid hym to han a fantasye.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.1.14 : Hir hosebonde stiride [WB(1): monestide; L monuit] hir..that sche schulde axe of hir fadir a feeld.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.6.49 : Tho thinges that he stireth to gon by moevynge, he withdraweth and aresteth.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)48/26 : Þi special grace..stiride þee to foorme..man of nouȝt to þin ymage.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)41 : I moneste & stire þes freris þat þei dispise not..þo men whom þei seen cloþid wiþ softe cloþis.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)147/3 : Sche was steryd in hir sowle for to kepyn hym in Goddys stede.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)1/17 : The gude wayes of mane are [noght] of hymeselfe, to styrre his fotsteppis to walke in the waye.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)15/24 : He was stirid [Ch.(2): enforsed; L nitebatur] to haue maad a mariage bitwene Thederik & lankfrank.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)180/35 : Þou shalte be stered for to seche þe suche a place, [etc.].
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17678 : Sho bad þem..wend þer ways to steyr þo folke þat þei not stryfe.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)561/8 : The Dolfyn..sterid the Duyk of Burgoyn that he nor non of his shuld assent to þe pees.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)28/4 : Sumwhat shal I sey of mentale prayer..and all forto stire þe, whan þou art alone, howgh þou shalt be occupied in meditacioun.
- (c1461-2) Paston2.265 : Owre jeuellys..were ordeynid of owre fyrste fundacoun..to stere vsse and provoke othere to worschipe God.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)39 : We bid to þi broþerhed þat þu steer bisili þe clerkis..þat þei moue hem fro hem.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)370/11 : Thou most loue that officer that..exorteth and sterith the hertes of thy subgites to loue the.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)1/6 : The olde fadres..made..the festyuites of holy apostles and martires..in entent that we..myȝt be stired for to folowe hem.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)44/28 : In this..shalt thow stere littereted [Lambeth: lettryd] to enhaunce their worshippes.
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)472/28 : Thys cok crowyng storyth and doth exite ffrom all darknes the firmament to clere.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)74/1 : David sterid himself [F s'admonnestoit] to abide longe in abiding and to susteyigne vertuously the dedis of penaunce.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)734/5 : Þey sterede her þat sche schuld take her chaumber.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)58/215 : Lorde..we beseche the exite and stire vp oure hertes..to welcum and aray before þi holy and vertuous wayes of thyn only..son.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)100/79 : I her [church] styred to drawe thee to house.
d
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)12.5 : The deuels that tempis vs nyght and day has nan other ioy than if thai stire vs fra stabilnes of thoght.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 8.12 : Þis woord is not þat styre mercy but raþere þat arere wrathe.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)43/723 : Let oure deuocioun be acresyd and brennyngge loue isteryd [L excitetur] to Godwarde.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)21 : Þis knowyng stiriþ and reisiþ up a loue in þe soule.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)158/8 : Forto styre your deuocyon more to þys holy sacrament, I tell you þys ensampull.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)56/37 : He shal turne hym to þe poeple to prayse hem..& recomend her gode maneres and styr [L captando] þayre goode willes.
12.
(a) To incite (sb.) to some action, goad; incite (sb. or his inclinations against another); (b) to incite (sb., one's body, the mind, etc. to misdeeds, sin, etc.); ben stirede, be provoked (to strife, misbehavior, etc.); (c) to incite (sb., the heart, or an animal to do sth.), provoke (the flesh to be troublesome); (d) to instigate (strife, trouble, quarreling, etc.), provoke; incite (persecution, vengeance, etc. against sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.132 : Þe deuel þorouȝ antecrist & his deciples shal make her coniuraciouns þat shullen semen as it were miracles & shullen stiren þe princes aȝeins cristen men.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 21.25 : Þer was noon oþer such as Acab..Jesabel his wijf sterede [WB(2): excitide; L concitavit] hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)9.67 : What styris [WB(2): stirist] þou vnwis mens wylles aȝeynst me?
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.43.3 : Baruc..stirith [L incitat] thee aȝens vs.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deeds 13.50 : The Jewis stiriden religiouse wymmen..and the worthiest men of the citee.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)42/30 : Ȝif þis kyndely pricke stireþ þee wiþinne & euer ylyche stryueþ wiþ þee maystry to haue, [etc.].
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.114 : Ȝe cleued to knavis..Þat..stirid ȝou stouttely till ȝe stombled all.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)174/17 : The bisshop, seeynge how the apostle dide, sterid many aȝeyns hym.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)43/369 : Nu ȝe alles to strif beoð isturet.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.4.1 : Symont..spake yuel to [vr. of] Onye, as he hadde stiride Helyodore to these thingis.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)133/9 : Sinful men..wiþ swete semynge, smeþe wordes steren a man to synne.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.149 : Who ever stere men to yvel lyfe..God heereþ hem not to good.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)238/31 : A feers hert is sterede a-noon to stryfe.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)60/2179 : The peple of þe cyte ben..þe powere of fendys þat ben gouerneris of þe world, þat stiren men to lust and lykynge and prosperite of þe world.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)114/8 : Kepe þe fro a man þat kyndly is ȝalow and blew, ffor sweche er lightly stirryd to vyces and licchery.
- c1450(1446) Nightingale (Clg A.2)269 : When ye be sterede to wanton in-solence, Restreyned [read: Restreyne] your-self.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)734/17 : Þis Emperour..hath a..douȝter, That is to say, manys sowle..þe deuell..steres her vn-to syn.
- -?-(1474) Ordin.Househ.Pr.Edw.28* : Knowe that the comunicatyon..be of vertu, honor..and of nothing that should move or styrre him to vyces.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.21.1 : Sathan..sterede dauiþ for to noumbren israel.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5186 : Whanhope..steryþ a man hym self to slo.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)399 : Yee folk excite To vice and stire hem vertu to refuse.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)27 : Þe deuyl steriþ..newe pharisees..to stoppe pore prestis fro prechynge of þe gospel.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)48/29 : Bodily penaunce stireþ þe herte to lepe into pride.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)332/31 : She stered Adam..for to breke Goddes commaundement.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)141/1 : Vntollerable hetis of stiringis with vnsaciable yanynges of þe fende..sterith þe flessh to be inportune.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)30/1031 : Þe deuyl haþ enuye vnto us and stireth þe peple to worshipe fals ydollis.
- (a1483) Tailors' Gild Exeter317 : Ye schall not steure, procure, ne excite..to wt-draw from your M., ne from no brother of þe craft, any of ther costomers.
- c1490(1462) LRed Bk.Bristol2.128 : Many..provokyn and stere divers marchauntz..to bryng in to this Towne..people..not born vndir the Kynges obeisaunce.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.159 : Þe prest and he þat styrde hym þerto for to don it schuldyn ben exylyd foreuere.
- -?-(c1470) Doc.in Som.Dor.NQ 9303 : John Totyn..provokid and stered his saide Dogge to renne uppon youre saide Bysecher.
d
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)111/30 : þæt an fyr ontent þære manna sawlen þe leasunge lufedan..þæt þridde þære þe ceaste & twirædnysse styredan.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)111 : Þet clene wif scunað ȝitsunge and cheste ne sturað.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)254 : To þi felawe wel willynge Sture þou no chidynge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.137 : I schal fulfulle thi preiere, So that thou miht the betre lere What mischief that this vice stereth.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 14.2 : Þo Iewes þat wore vntrowþeful stired persecucyone ande excited þo hertes of nacyons agaynes þo breþer.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.195v : Then duc Robert, ibowed thourgh pitee, sente him a tonne of wyne yevyng his men leue al aday to fecche ffressh water, whiche thynges whenne hit was tolde to William kyng he was wroth as lithlich he wolde be and seid to Robert 'well kanst thow sturye werre that yeuest to thyne enmys plenteuous of drynk.'
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10753 : Baasa be gan to styre swylke stryue.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)10 : Sir Robert Grame stired a full cruell vengance ayene the Kyng.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)741/1 : Yȝff..þe devell..stere all vyces a-gayne þe, Thow schete at hym.
13.
(a) To rule; govern (people); (b) ?to overcome (sb.); (c) to affect the belief or conduct of (sb.), sway, influence; also, ?change (sth.); ppl. stiringe, inconstant, fickle.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9404 : On hir he scal streonen þat scal wide sturien.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9423 : Ȝet he beoð unstreoned þa sturieð [Otho: storie] al þa þeoden.
b
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)266 : Maye no mane stere [Dc: stry] hym of strenghe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1793 : Many steryn mane he steride by strenghe of hym on.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)111/980 : He understod wel þet he ne sturede hire nawt.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)233/27 : Lierne him [God] to louie wysliche..þet þou ne by y-stered be none prosperite.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)77/21 : God..is euere one and not changeable..Alle othir þing may be stered.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8057 : Hit is a propertie..To all wemen..To be vnstable & not stidfast, styrond of wille.
14.
(a) To propose (sth.); ~ of; (b) to raise (a question); bring forward (an argument), discuss (a matter), tell (a tale); also, present (an example) [1st quot.]; (c) ben stirede, of thoughts or ideas: to revolve or be present (in one's mind or heart); (d) impers. it stired in-to, it occurred to (someone's mind that he should do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1451 : Tho sleghtes yet that I have herd yow stere Ful shaply ben to faylen.
- (1447) Shillingford27 : The whiche rule..the seid Maier and Comminalte fully aggreed ham for their part..or eny other resonable entrety that may be moved or stured or by yow commaunded.
- (1448) Shillingford45 : Kys..moved and stured of other divers entreteys.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)226/1 : To loki þet stat of wodewehod me ssel sterie þe uorbisne of þe turle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.447 : Many envious tale is stered, Wher that it mai noght ben ansuered.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1643 : It nedeth naught this matere ofte stere.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.220 : Yif I have styred resouns that ne ben nat taken from withouten the compas of the thing of which we treten, [etc.].
- (1444) RParl.5.122a : Yef ther be eny mater or maters stirred, desired, or moeved bi the Baillifs, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)55/21 : It fallys to a kynge to worschipe trew men..wys men to enhye and ofte sithes speke wyth, to stirre doutablys questions.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.8.2 : Þou shalt recorde of al þe wey by þe which þe lord..haþ lad þe fourty wyntyr by desert þat he traueyle þe..& weryn knowyn þat in þyn inwit weryn steryd.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.9/24 : With the Barons..he spake..of these thynges that were turnyd and sterid in his herte.
d
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)172/33 : As the mayny were in drenchyng, it sterde in-to the mynde of a certeyn womman..that sche schuld crie..'O Seynt Marie Magdalen, [etc.].'
15.
To search (in books), read.
Associated quotations
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4047 : Now wete yche wegh þat writyng beholdis..& stirs in bokys, Þat..Syche a Nauy was neuer of nowmber to-gedur.
16.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1316) Pat.R.Edw.II590 : Robert Stirpot.