Middle English Dictionary Entry
simple adj.
Entry Info
Forms | simple adj. Also simpel(le, -pile, -pule, -pul(le, simepel, -pul, cimpil(le, (in surname) sinple & semple, -pel, -pul, senple & (?error) synnple, (errors) symplille, somple; pl. simples. |
Etymology | OF simple, sinple; also cp. L simplus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Blameless, innocent; upright; guileless, artless; (b) of the eyes:?innocent, not sinful; ?sound, healthy; -- used fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)68/15 : Te false ancre..habbeð efter þe uox a simple semblant, sum chearre, & beoð þah ful of gile.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 33.3 : My tunge in my chekis shal speken with symple herte my woordys, & pure sentence my lippis shul speken.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)746 : Now sayned be þou, Savior, so symple in þy wrath.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.16.19 : I wile ȝou to be wyse in goode and symple in euylle.
- a1425 LOL (Wnds E.I.I)33/16 : Þe lyf of hem was symple (þat is innocent) & riȝtful afor God.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)1005 : For we ne give us to no gilt þat scholde God wraþe..For we leden wel our lif and loven to be simple.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4664 : All be we suggets in oure-selfe & simpill oure latis, Voide & vacand of vices as virgyns it ware.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)150 : Disceyuaunce..alwey avaunceth hire to bigile thilke that ben symple and with oute malice.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.74va : Ther was a man .. named Job, and this man was symple [L (Vulg.Job 1.1): simplex], rightful & dredynge God, and goyng from all euyll.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.238 : A good, symple, trewe man hadde lent a certeyn monye to a fals man.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)527/16 : Þe Kyng..was A gode, simple, & Innocent man.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)27/123 : The sardynes ben of two coloures..she tempereth an irous man to haue goode reste a nyghtes, and holdith a man symple and chaste.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)159/9,13 : Yef þin eȝe is simple and clene, al þi bodi ssel by clyer and briȝt..Þet is to zigge, yef þin onderstondinge of þin herte is clene and simple, [etc.].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.6.22 : The lanterne of thi body in thin eȝe; ȝif thin eiȝe be symple, al thi body shal be liȝtful.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)13/3 : Þe turtele..lokynge with symple eyen into þe clere wardes of Holy Writ.
2.
(a) Free from pride, humble, meek; restrained in appearance or behavior, modest; also, quiet, shy [quot.: a1382]; also in personification [quot.: c1390]; also, of manner of life, a song, etc.: unpretentious; ~ herted, q.v.; (b) of cloth, clothing, etc.: modest, plain, unadorned; not garish or intricate in design; (c) of food: plain, not sumptuous.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)655 : Ðe culuer haueð costes gode..alle it ogen to ben us minde, ge ne haueð in hire non galle, simple & softe be we alle.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1180 : His oste nam wel gode ȝeme..hov luytel he et himselue with wel simple mode.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)142/8 : Þet byeþ þe milde herten and simple uor þe uoȝeles of praye, þet byeþ þe dyeulen.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.9 : Þe symple folk of holy chirche..ben in þe ouene of gode wirchyng, & þorouȝ þat þai amenden hem of synne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.25.27 : Iacob, forsoþ, a symple man, dwellid in tabernaclis.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.119 : Ther was also..a prioresse, That of hir smylyng was ful symple and coy.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.121 : Þenne schaltou seo Sobre And Symple-of-speche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2589 : Thei mai wel seie hou sche is wys And sobre and simple of contenance.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13342 : Þai serued him als wel was right, Wit-vten pride in simple lijf.
- (?1404) Let.Durham in Bull.IHR 34 (DurDCM Locellus 25.44)p.199 : Be thomas preston, youre simpyll prest and yowre dewotte bedmann.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4756 : Cryseyde..was, for al hir semlynes, Ful symple & meke & ful of sobirnes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)89/5 : The cristene men..scholden ben symple, meke, & trewe & full of almesdede as Ihesu.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)44/23 : I sawe hir [Mary] gastelye in bodilye lyekenes, a sympille maydene & a meeke.
- ?c1450 in Aungier Syon Mon.320 : Ther songe schal be sadde, sober, ande symple, withe out brekyng of notes.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)72/23 : Þou must be meke and myld and symple in hert, pure in þi wordis, innocent in þi wille.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.SPuer(1) (LdMisc 683)8 : Be symple of cheer; cast not thy look asyde.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)190/17 : He is hardy as a lyon..sotel and slegti as a wulfe, sympil and meke as a lombe.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)47/25 : The punycion of the synne ought to turne vpon them that be abusers..or to this entent that the symple pouerte of the chirche were nat to lightly diffoulid through temporall power.
b
- c1390 Bi a wey (Vrn)39 : Iob..wox pore from day to day..I-put he was in pore array, Nouþer in purpul ne in pal But in symple wede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1827 : He cam fro meschef fre To þe presence of kyng Ydumee In symple array and torne apparaile.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6822 : I, that were my symple cloth..gile giling and gilours.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2184 : That ye do portraie the iij doughters in their kerttelles simple.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)68/582 : A cast of his riche aray, ȝe, & com doun fro þe precius paleis of His hie heuene & cloþed Him e þe symple wede o mankynde.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.53 : The Cristene..Comen forth In Symple Aray..and seten down vppon the grownde.
- (1474-5) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum18 : Item, of the price of j simple gowne of the by quest of Robert Bellores is wif, xx d.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.19 : Thi wester nowe is nothing presiouse; The wallure thereof is but symepul i-nowȝe.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Brog 2.1)25/34 : Erth vnto erth schal pase in symple araye, Unclade.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)261 : In pore clothyng was he tho And in sympull araye.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)769/9 : Þo..are gooddes chosyn chyldryn ffor þei chese a sympyll vesture & a meke.
c
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)503 : After crysten-masse com þe crabbed lentoun, Þat fraystez flesch wyth þe fysche & fode more symple.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)149 : What euere þing curatis holden of þe auterage ouer a sympule liflode..it nys not here but oþere mennus.
- ?a1450 Dives & P.(BodTh d.36)1.74 : Haue a pore man symple lijflode, symple mete, symple drynke, and oþere symple þingis..it sufficiþ.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)133/10 : In qualite..desire no delicacies, no precious metis and drinkes, ne also custuous, but such simple metes and drinkes þat lyghtly may be had..with oute excitacioun of gloteny.
3.
(a) Lowly, common; impoverished, destitute; also in proverb [quot.: a1500(a1450)]; (b) lowest in rank among a group; lacking any additional honors, titles, or authority; comp. lower in rank, subordinate; (c) not solemn, low; ~ feste, an ordinary saint's day or a festival of equivalent dignity to a saint's day.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)49/95 : Among lowe Men and simple deol þere was i-nouȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1060 : Þat simple folk orn a-bouten him..Seint thomas alle þe pouere men with him to þe mete he drovȝ.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2103 : He let sende..Þat of heie menne doȝtren, maidens me nome, Enleue þousend atte leste..& of simple manne doȝtren, sixti þousend god.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)216/26 : More [clothing] behoueþ to ane kuene þanne behoueþ to ane borgayse oþer to ane simple wyfman.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3951 : Ȝe misdon..þat arn..a quen ȝour-selue, to swiche a simpul sowdiour as icham forto knele.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)422 : Such signe me is tauȝt, þou art of cun symple; forsoþe A mon was þi fader þat couþe schon amende.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.272/1008 : Siþen to þi blisse vs bringe, ffor in þis world is symple dwellynge!
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)13272 : Chese him felaus will he bigin..mene men of simpil [Vsp: pour] lijf.
- c1400 ME Verse in Anglia 92p.62 : Þo kyng of paradys is komen of sempul kyn.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)15/21 : In non hyȝe halle but in a simple howsel was þat babe founden.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)103 : Thei were men of rude and bustous condiciouns and of symple lynage.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2879 : Symple & bare was his [Agathocles'] natyuite, Brouht up & fostred in gret indigence.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)423 : Rascalye, or symple puple: Popellus.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)256 : Þis two grete lordes Þe kerchef carieþ fram alle & in þe eyr hangyþ, Þat þe symple pople myȝt hit se.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)361/19 : Hit lyke you to take so symple an offyce.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)226 : Thys yong squyer abashed sore..He so sympyll, and she such lowe to hym caste.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)191/30 : So worchipfull men as they wer wolde chese for their laste reste so pour a lyfe and so symple estate.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)632 : For he weddede so porely, On me, a sympulle lady, He ys a-shamed sore.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1211 : In grete materys..A sympill mannys councell may prevayle.
- c1500 O lady myne (Trin-C R.3.19)5 : O lady myne, to whom thys boke I sende..And though I simple be as to your estate, Vsurpe sende thys boke; hit nat refuse.
b
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)49/70 : Ȝif it so bifalle þat a symple brother dye..þanne þo v tapres schul be..set aboute þe body.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/a : Crisma is I-made of oyle and of balsamo wiþ þe whilke children beþ I-cristened of a symple [L minori] prest on þe molde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26226 : Es na simple preist þat mai Sli scrift on man bot biscop lai.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)64/798 : Furst heo was qwene and emperesse, And þo was heo bote a symple [vr. sempel] contasse.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)101/1 : Vndyr his subieccioun..arn lx and xii pr[ou]inces, and of [read: in] eche a kyng..and they han symplere kyngis vndir hem.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)3098 : Thare he lette asembyle alle, Erlys, barouns, sympile knyghtys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)270/37 : They shall be overcom with a sympler knyght than they be hemself.
c
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)49/68 : On sondayes & on othere symple festes two schul be liȝt of þe fyue tapres atte heiȝe masse.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)173/28 : She discriued wiþ herte holy-dayes fro werke-dayes, bycause þat solempne dayes sauered hir swetter þan sympil dayes.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)113/33 : Festis simples or lasse be þo festis whoche be nat dowblis, ne of þe holi Croys, ne of þe awngelis, ne of þe apostlis..ne festis solempnis.
4.
(a) Inadequate, insufficient; weak, feeble; mere; also, insufficient in number, few [2nd quot.]; (b) sad, downcast; mournful, sorrowful; ~ chere; (c) of little value; low in price or income; of sins: venial [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)684 : To presente a prynce astate my powere es symple.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)967 : Siche sex ware to symple to semble with hym one.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3550 : For þou fellid has in fiȝt a fiȝt [read: folk] at was symplille [read: sympille], Now muses þou to þi miserie my maieste to bowe.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)65/6 : I haue made a simple nurture in you, when ye wate to dyshonour me.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)2/33 : Goddys worde..confortez men of sympul spiryt [SC(1): pusillanimes].
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)70/11 : Vertue meueth a man mor to desier honour and worthynesse and to her good examplis than don the symple and feble wordis.
- (1477) Paston2.436 : It is but a sympill oke þat [is] cut down at the firste stroke.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)116 : Thei were so astoned with the hete of the fier that theire deffence was but symple.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)164/23 : No maner of vertu nor strength was lefte in hym save onely a sympill voyce and crye.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)4050 : Be þe sweuene ful wel I wat, Þat Beues is in semple stat.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2107 : Sir Ywayn..herd his murnyng haly all..And sone it said with simepel chere, [etc.].
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.42 : Quat mon is this, That alle this mowrnyng makes thus, With so simpulle chere?
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)79/21 : He was sett betwen the kynges twoo doghters, Bot he made bot symple chere.
- c1450 Eglam.(Clg A.2)115 : His sqwyer answered with sympull chere, 'He ys seke and deed full nere.'
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8247 : The ladies..were sory for þe sight, Semple of chere.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)421/33 : Ore louerd bi-fond furst purgatorie..þat Men for simple sunnes, of ȝwan i-schriue hy were [read: nere], In þulke torment huy bi-lefden for-to hy i-bette were.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1847 : Now forsake ȝe þis silke..For hit is symple in hit-self, & so hit wel semez? Lo! so hit is littel, [þe] lasse hit is worþy.
- (1436) RParl.4.499a : That utterance and sale of the seid Wolle..be so escarse and symple..that hit shulde not mowe suffise unto the full contente..of the wages of Werre for the said Soudeours.
- (1439) RParl.5.24a : Chese and Buttur..is tendre, and of so sympyl prys that it may not goodly bere the costes of Staple.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)456 : Sympul, or lytylle worthe: Exilis.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)134/28 : A simple guerdone has thou yelded theym agane therfore.
- (?c1460) Paston2.218 : He hath a xiiij acre lond resonably weele dyght to sowe on wheete, and as for other londes jn goodfeyth they be ryght sympyll.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)193/171 : Chaff þat is sympyl is sett wul nere at nought.
- a1500 ECom.Policy (Lnsd 796)67 : When such cloth ys all ywrowte..The pryce ys sympyll -- þe cost ys neuer the lesse.
5.
Ignorant, uneducated; unsophisticated; simple-minded, foolish; also, unintelligent, lacking reason [quot.: a1398]; ~ herted, q.v.; ~ lettred, barely educated; ~ metre, unpolished verse.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)68/18 : Te false ancre..is ypocrite, weneð forte gili godd as ha bi dweolieð simple men.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2820 : Þe prophecye of merlin..is so derc to simplemen, bote me were þe bet in lore.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)71 : Þou schewest A symple skil..ofscutered þou semest to speke of A ded mon; what may he don þer-ate?
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1:Compston)743 : It is perilous to an vnkunnynge man eiþer symple lettrid man to knouleche his synnis..to a preest vnfeiþful of lyuynge.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1789 : I haue to day been at youre chirche at messe And seyd a sermon after my symple wit.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326b/b : Crist god..is..bigynnynge and endynge of alle symple creatures, but þe ioye and blisse of aungels and men.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)77 : I mad noght for no disours..Bot for þe luf of symple men þat strange Inglis can not ken.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4435 : Alswa men of symple connyng He [Antichrist] sal turne thurgh miracles and prechyng.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)27885 : And he be tane in dronkinhede, All his wittes ful wele we wate Er turned into ful simple state.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2054 : Thogh senple be my sentement, O worthi prince, I yow biseche algate Considerith how, [etc.].
- c1450(?c1425) St.Eliz.Spalb.(Dc 114)107/7 : Þe wryter þat is but symple-letterd, neiþer can ne purposis to folowe þe wordes, but vnneþis and wiþ harde þe sens.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)130/4 : A Frere Prechour..whas cleped be þe archbischop for to answere to certeyn simpil opiniones whech he held.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)69/11 : Youre quarell ys full symple..unto me, for the lady that ys dede dud to me grete damage.
- a1475(?1445) ?Lydg.Cal.(Rwl B.408)154 : Teche me ȝoure daunce, Marcellyne and Petre, To whom I syng with þis sympul metre.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.26.16b : Somme ern simple, and wenen bi cause þat it [fire of love] is called fir þat hit schulde be hot as bodili fir is.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)6 : Youre suster dede like a fooll and hadde but sympell counseill.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)4/21 : My troubled life..hath long tyme travailed and diffouled my symple vndirstonding.
6a.
(a) Single, individual; whole, complete; not composite; [some glossary quots. may belong in other senses]; ~ criinge of trompes, a plain uninterrupted note played on trumpets; (b) lacking additional factors; unqualified; mere; sheer; also, uncomplicated [last quot.]; (c) clear, straightforward; easily understood; (d) of hair: straight, not curly.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.10.7 : Whenne forsoþe þe peple is to gederynge to geders shal be symple cryinge of trumpes & not stounde mele [L concise] þei sholyn ȝolle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)325b/b : Som oon is symple, and som is oon by somwhat þat longeþ þerto.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)329a/a : Þe cercle is most symple figure and most fongeþ and moste clene wiþoute corneres.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)60b/a : Simplex: symple.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)77 : Cympylle [Win: Cympyl]: Simplex.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)456 : Sympylle, or sengyll, noȝt dobyl: Simplus.
- (?1475) Stonor1.161 : I askyd hym how he wold do a perdge of sempyll dydge, and for..d. he wold a don hytt a dobyll.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)119/31 : We beleve stedfastly that [God] is a symple and a souereigne essence which by Himself and in Himself..knoweth all thingis.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)107 : One symple God, fader and sonne and holy gooste, ys one godhedde.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)134/14 : God..deþ to þe manne worþssipe þet him lefþ be his simple worde.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)22/29 : Symple fornicacion is trespace be twyx sengle man & sengle womman.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.177 : Ȝif a man hadde nede & fele hymself able, he may askyn a symple benefyce withoutyn cure, for þat is no symonye.
- a1500(a1475) Ashby Dicta (Cmb Mm.4.42)1142 : Thre thinges be in a right simpul knot: First, goode counseil in hym that is not herde, [etc.].
c
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)73 : Als þai haf wryten & sayd haf I alle in myn Inglis layd, In symple speche as I couthe.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)13/38 : Y sette forþ þe first parti of þe donet in symple, breef rehercel of treuþis necessari of al cristen peple to be leernyd.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289b/b : Some leouns ben schorte with crisp here and mane, and þese fighten nought, and some leouns hauen symple heer of mane, and þese hauen scharpe and fers hertes.
6b.
(a) Phys. Consisting of a single one of the four elements, not compounded; (b) theol. consisting solely of form, having no matter.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)131a/b : Fyre is a symple body most hoot and drye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/a : Alle oþre liquoures and humours ben made of þe iiij elementz, but þilke þat ben nouȝt y-medled wiþ oþere ben y-cleped symple.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)10/1 : Alle bodies..ben medlid vndir þe sercle of þe moone, ben engendrid of foure symple bodies..fier & watir, erþe & eir.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)12b/a : Þe essencia of hem [angels] is simple & vnmaterial, pure, distingt, & discrete.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)71/29 : That first þat the almyghty glorious God fourmed is substance simple and spirituell..in the which is the fourme of all þyng, and is named Intelligence.
6c.
(a) Consisting of only one substance or ingredient, uncompounded; (b) anat. composed of a single bodily substance, homogeneous; (c) med. of a wound, fracture, sickness, etc.: lacking complications; also, of a wound: having no flesh lost; of a fever or an aposteme: caused by a single humor; (d) of a surgical instrument: constructed as a single piece, not bifurcated.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)102b/b : Selde a symple medicyne heliþ a sekenesse þat is componed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196a/b : Þer been two maner of siluer, symple and componed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)306b/b : Mene colours beþ y-gendred by likenesse of gendrynge of medled bodyes, y-medlede wiþ symple bodyes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)148b/b : Lingue canis..berberie..senacionis..liȝtly ybrissed be þai, boiled in symple water with o walme.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)144b/b : Wassche þe sore wiþ water oþer wiþ wine of þe decoccioun of mirre, wurmode..pimpinelle simpelle, oþer compounde made wiþ honye.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)152b/a : Medicynes þat ben simpel in þe first case ben þes: vineger, alle maner of claies, and marbel grounden, [etc.].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)159b/a : A surgene schal take of þe iuse of a simpel herbe..as falleþ to his purpose.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)52b/b : Alle þes signys..ben more myȝtere in coler symple þan in coler y-compouned.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)102a/b : If þe quytture be wiþouten hete, and þe membre also, þanne it schal be waischen wiþ þe decoccioun of mirtill, horhowne, and sauge..or symple or compouned wiþ hony.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2334 : Of alle liquors which be in oure stone, None is callid simple but watir allone.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)32b/7 : This medecyne is good..to mony sekenes of þe eyen, for as muche as þe whit of an eye..hathe a gummosite which þat hathe noon othir medecyne symple.
- a1500 *Ripley CAlch.(Ashm 1486)837 : Guydo..sayethe by rotyng dyethe the compownd corporall, and yen..vsurpyng a-gayne, regenerat, symple, & spirituall.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8b/b : Symple & pure flesh..is founden in þe ende of þe ȝerd & atuix þe teþ.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)25/24 : Þe i doctrine is of woundis aftir þat þei mowe be in symple membris.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)11b/a : Of consimile membris summe ben symple as þe fleisch & þe senewe & þe boon, And summe ben compound as þe corde, þe brawne, & þe hand; Symple þei ben callid for þei ben not compowned of dyuers substaunce.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)90b/a : Þat feuer is synnple [?read: symple] þat comeþ of one matiere i-rootid onlich in one place.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)31/16 : In two maner he is clepid a symple wounde: oon maner, for he haþ not lost of fleisch; anoþer maner, for he haþ noon oþir sijknesse wiþ him, ne is nouȝt distemperid.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)33/16 : We wolen bigynne at a symple wounde maad wiþ knyf or wiþ swerd.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)314/4447 : Uryn citrina with a body thyn throghowt..in yonge folk, & namely fleumatyk..sais a simple terciane.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)21a/a : Som apostemez..forsoþ bene made of þe dominion, i. lordship or maistership, of one humour; þai bene called symple.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)97b/a : It is said þat fracture, som is symple, Som componed.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)103a/a : Alle þes enpostumes þe whiche be nemmyde aforne, as wele þo þat ben compound as þo þat ben simpel, þat cummen of naturel oþere kyndelie humours.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)33/18 : I haue sene som men haue tuo holes byside þe lure, of whiche oon persed þe longaon and þe toþer persed in no place, but it was oonly symple by itself in þe flesshe, hauyng no passyng to þe tother hole.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)134/2 : It is a good token when he þat haþ obtalmia in his eyȝe is taken wiþ a diarye, i. a simple flux of þe wombe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)351/4 : Þerwith some [dislocations] is symple and some is compownede wiþ brekynge, with a wounde, wiþ akþe, [etc.].
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)168b/b : A man muste knowe his qualite, and þe cause of þe wounde..And also his accident, wheþir þat it is symple, or compound, or alterat.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)19b/18 : In woundys to hele thi first entencion shal be a sotyle sowedyng þe whiche may not be made but in sympill wounde made in flesshe.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)140b/a : Take it [tooth] wiþ þe tenaculez And vnrote it And drawe it out..or drawe it out wiþ an eleuatorie symple, or 2 forked.
6d.
(a) Law Lacking additional legal stipulations, unlimited; not accompanied by any legal formalities; chartre ~, ?an unsealed contract; fe ~, tenure of an estate without limitation to a particular class of heirs [see also fe n.(2) 1.(e)]; obligacioun ~, ?a verbal agreement; (b) phil. unconditional; ~ necessite, that which is necessarily true or absolutely fated or predestined.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)225/22,25 : Þet is to onderstonde of ham þet byeþ ine þe stat of simple wodewehod, naȝt of þan þet byeþ ine þet stat y-bounde be heste..Ac alneway yef þe beheste is simple, þet is to zigge, huanne hi is y-do priueliche and wyþ-oute solemnete.
- (1371) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.102 : Robart atte Wanstalle feffydde a ȝen Thomas Gylys with a chartere simple with þylke same ij acres.
- (1371) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.102 : Thomas adde feffydde furst Robart; Robart feffyd him a ȝon with chartere symple.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.319 : So greet a purchasour was nowher noon, Al was fee symple to hym in effect.
- (1427) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.71 : John shall do hym self to have a soole astate, in fee sympil or in fee taille.
- (1438) in Salzman Building in Engl.512 : The said Alayn Richard, John Tuttewyf..ben bounden in an obligacion symple to the said William Benet..in lx li. of sterlyng.
- (1457) Lease Ebrington in Campbell Chancellors 1373 : I have solde to Sir John Fortescu, knyght, in fee symple, the reuersion of the Manour of Ebryghton.
- (c1463-5) Paston (EETS)1.119 : Walcotte..was of late tyme purchased be þe fadre of þe seyd Ser Robert in fee sympple and ys not tayled.
- (1465) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4333 : The wiche was made on to the seyd Willm a clear astate of Swystlyng in fe symple, ther as he shuld have hadde but terme of lyfe be myn faders wylle.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4435 : Wheither that goddes worthy forewityng Streyneth me nedely for to doon a thyng Nedely, clepe I symple necessitee.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.199 : For certes ther ben two maneris of necessites: that oon necessite is symple as thus: that it byhovith by necessite that alle men ben mortal or dedly; anothir necessite is condicionel, as thus: yif thou wost that a man walketh, it byhovith by necessite that he walke.
6e.
(a) Of a word:?uncompounded; ~ name; (b) of a number: having only one digit.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)75/13 : Apostemes..þat ben made..of þe lordschippe of one humour, þai..ben cleped of a symple name; Whiche þat ben made of the lordschippe of two humours or of many..ben cleped of a compowned name.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)431 : God moueþ al maner of tungis to clepe þis firste noumbre of ten bi symple name & aftirward þei clepen it bi a gederid name.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326b/b : The Nombre of ten passeþ nyne by oon, and is ende bounde and mere of alle simple nombres.
7.
As noun: (a) an innocent or a guileless person; a righteous person; -- also coll.; (b) a humble or modest person; (c) a person of low degree; a poor person; -- also coll.; (d) a weak person; also, harmless things [1st quot.]; the simpleste, the weakest or smallest bird; (e) ignorant people; (f) an uncompounded substance; -- also coll.; the simpleste, God; (g) anat. a part of the body composed of one substance only; -- also coll.; (h) law a legal act not limited by further stipulations; (i) gram. an uncompounded word, an independent lexical unit; (j) a number having only one digit.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.3.32 : Abhomynacioun of þe lord is eche gilour & with þe symple [WB(2): with simple men] þe sermownynge of hym.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)5/28 : Gode a-saumpil sal he giue..at lers his discipilis in religiun in halynes at serue god, baþe in word and dede, baþe to þe simplis and till þe harde of hart.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)282/288 : She beseches you as hir souerayne þat symple to saue, Deme hym noght to deth, for drede of vengeaunce.
b
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)57/18 : Ouer-grete symplesse may make of þe symple a sott, or ouer nyce.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)457 : Off þe symple what profyght yt to tak hede? Beholde how ryches dystroyt nede.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)338 : Be feiȝtful & fre, & euer of faire speche, & seruisabul to þe simple so as to þe riche.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2022 : Sche wold neuer be wedded to no wiȝh of grece; hire were leuer be weded to a wel simplere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)120 : Ȝet þe symplest in þat sale watz served to þe fulle.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)2053 : xxxti maydons all bedene, The sympelyste seme[d] to be a quene.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)34/9 : It is..of the substaunce of vertues..to yeve reuerence to them that ben worth, to helpe þe symple and the nedy.
- c1450 Siege Jerus.(1) (Clg A.2)256 : Þe somple [Ld: þis two grete lordes Þe kerchef carieþ fram alle & in þe eyr hangyþ, Þat þe symple pople myȝt hit se.]
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.18.8 : The woordis of the twisil tunge as simple, and tho thurȝ comen vnto the entrailis of the wombe.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)105/23 : It is a iuste þing þat who-so wull be holpen of a souereyne more myȝtiere þan he to helpe a simpeler þan he is.
- 1486 ?Berners Bk.St.Albans (Blades 1881)leaf d iii/b : Theys be the names of all maner of hawkes: First an Egle, a Bawtere, a Melowne; The symplest of theis iij will slee an hynde calfe.
e
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)214/9 : I take God to recorde that the symplest of the realme may right wele iuge it, and they that be most rude may clerely vndirstonde it.
f
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196a/b : Þer been two maner of siluer..þe symple is fletyng and is y-cleped quyk siluer.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)92/9 : Brennynge medicyns, boþe þe symple & þe compound, þou schalt haue to þe fulle in antidotarie of þis book.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)166a/a : It is more loweable for to wirche with symple [Ch.(2): simple medecynes; L simplicibus]..þan with componed.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)176b/a : It is noȝt possible for to compone a medicyne..afore þe vertuez of þe symplez be knawen.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)31/8 : Þe whiche manere vertues beþ take by lotte in compowned membres and in symple.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)69/22 : Justice is a laudable comendacion of the proprete of the Highest, Symplest, and Gloriosest, wherfor the reame shall be his whom God hath chosen.
g
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8a/a : Symple forsoþ bene consimile, i. like, which be noȝt diuisible in to anoþer spice.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8a/b : Þof alle þe forsaid organic membrez be componed of many bi cause of accioun & passioun of þam..Neþerlez one symple & consimile amang þam is bigynnyng of alle þe acte.
h
- (1459) Lin.DDoc.118/31 : Maister Thomas Whitfeld..I haue prayed to be ouerseer of this said Testament..perfourmyng of this simple, my last wille.
i
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)69 : Þis same catacumbas is a meruelous name for it is not expowned in our latyne bokes, ne non of þe gramariones touch þis word þus compowned; The simples þei speke of as of cata..a boue..and cumbo or ellis cumbas þei sey þat þis is lowe or ellis dep.
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)34/99 : How knowyst the symple? A party by the whych me knowyth whether a word be or not, as amo.
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)36/230 : How many figures haste in pronoun? Tweyne, the symple as quis, the compoune as quisquis.
j
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)327a/b : Vneuene nombres ben diuided in þis wise..the symple haþ non euene party, but oonliche oon oþer vnite as þe nombre of þre haþ oonliche the þridde party.
8.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1202) Assize R.Lin.in Lin.RS 221049 : Robertus le Sinple.
- (1246) Assize R.Lan.in LCRS 4782 : Adam le Simple.
- (1267) Pat.R.Hen.III124 : Philip le Simple.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2749 : Jordanns le Simple.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.68229 : De 12 d. de..Radulpho Simple pro licencia concordandi.
- (1299) Court R.Lond.33 : John le Simple.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 21/27 : So badde myȝt þy stone be and so symple of colour þat þu schuldest skarcely haue of oo pounde of þy stone oon vnce of fyne azure.
Note: Antedates sense 4.(a).