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AN ABRIDGED MALAY-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (ROMANISED). R4 Jo WILKINSON, C.M.G. lately Governor, Sierra Leone; formerly of the Malay Civil Service. THIRD EDITION. SINGAPORE: KELLY & WALSH, LIMITED. (INCORPORATED IN HONGKONG) AND AT SHANGHAI AND HONGKONG. 1926.

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PREFACE. In preparing this abridged edition of a larger work my aim has been to supply a full Malay Vocabulalry in a book of conveniently small size. I have followed the phonetic system of romnanised spelling prescribed by the Federated Malay States Government, but have added a good many variants to assist persons accustomed to other orthographical rules. 1908. R. J. WILKINSON. In -this second edition will be found a fair sprinkling of new words, a great number of closer definitious of meaning andl a few corrections. 1918. R. 0. W.

WORKS ON Published 1. J. WILKINSON.,, R. 0. WINSTEDT. R. 0. WINSTEDT. THE MALAY LANGUAGE. by Kelly & Walsh, Limited. A Malay-English Dictionary. An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary. Handbook of the Malay Language. An English-Malay Dictionary. A Dictionary of Colloquial Malay, MalayEnglish & English-Malay. Colloquial Malay:-A simple Grammar with Conversations. Malay Grammar (revised & enlarged edition, in the press). IR. 0. WINSTEDT & C(. 0. BLAGDEN. A Malay Reader. Clarendon Press. Two Important Books on Malaya by R. 0. WINSTEDT, C.M.(i., D.LITT., published by Messrs. Constable & Co. Malaya. Shaman. Saiva & Sufi (Malay Magic). 1927.

NOTE ON THE SPELLING OF ROMANISED MALAY. The recommendations of the Committee appointed by the Federated Malay States Government in 1904 to lay down rules for romanising Malay may be summarised as follows: (i) The Roman letters used should be given their English values as regards consonants and their Italian values as regards vowels; (ii) The peculiar Malay indeterminate vowel should be represented by; (iii) The peculiar Arabic letters j. and, should all be represented by dz; (iv) Words like 4r-, ~.',., etc., should be always written with the h between two letters a-e.g., sahaja, baharu, bahaya, etc.; (v) In selecting the vowel for use in final consonants we should follow the following convention: (a) ong (not ung), oh (not uh), ok (not uk), uam (not om), an (not on), ul (not ol), up (not op), us (not os), ur (not or), at (not of), u (not o); (b) eh (not ih), ek (not ik), ing (not eng), im (not em), in (not en), ii (not el), ip (not ep), is (not es), ir (not er), it (not et), i (not e). But if the penultimate vowel is e or o, the final should contain e or o in preference to i or u-e.g., pohon (not pohun), kotor (not kotur), gesel (not gesil).

AN ABRIDGED MALAY-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (ROMANISED) A AADZIM aadzim, Ar. august, sublime; sultanu'l-aadzim, the august sultan. aalam, Ar. all-knowing; omniscient; wa'llahu aalam, God knoweth best. aalan, Ar. advertisement in a newspaper. aasar, Ar., 2.30-4.30 p.m., one of the waktu of Muhummadan prayer. abad, Ar. eternity; the endless future, in contradistinction to the endless past (azal). abadi, Ar. eternal. abadiat, Ar. eternity. abah-abah, tackle, gear, harness. abaimana, the anus. abang, elder brother; a cousin or friend older than oneself. abau, a large tortoise. abdi, Ar. a slave. abglur, Pers. crystal. abjad, Ar. the alphabet according to the numerical values of the letters as used in divination. aboe, Ch. sir; a respectful form of address to Chinese headmen. ablok, piebald. abok, see habok. abrak, Ar. mica. abu, I. Ar. father of e.g., in pro ADA per names such as Abu-Bakar. II. ashes, cinders; ular abu, a name for the hamadryad. abuan, a share, a portion, see habuan. abur, mengabur, to lavish. achan, Ked. to mimic. achar, I. Hind. pickles. II. Ked. a sink; a rubbish-hole. achara, Skr. a rule of conduct; a religious observance. Acheh, Acheen. achi, I. achi-achi, the lever by which the boom of a Malay boat is turned round and round so as to fold up the sail; also chachi. II. done! agreed! sudah achi, it is settled; ta'achi, it is off. achita,? Hind., fine white rice. achu, to menace; to attempt or appear to attempt without fully carrying out; to essay, to test, to try. achuan, a mould, matrix. achum, m~ngachum, to libel, to slander. ada, to be; to be present, to exist; to be at home (to a visitor); to exist in connection with, to appertain to, to have; ada orang [ 1 ]

ADAB there are people present; ada laut, ada-lah perompak, where there are seas, there are pirates; sahaya ada duit, (colloquial) I have money; adakan, menga - dakan, to create, to call into existence, to appoint; keadaan, state, existence, condition of life, position; tiada, is not; there is not; ta'dapat tiada. there cannot but be; there must be; must. adab, Ar. respect; courtesy; manners; (especially propriety in behaviour to one's elders or superiors); diegan a., courteously; biadab disrespectful. Adam, Ar. a proper name, Adam, nabi A., Adam, the common ancestor of all men; anak A., or b a n i A., humanity, mankind. adang, I. obstruct; intercept; barring a passage; opposing a barrier to; mengadang, to interpose between; to keep something off; m. musoh, to keep the foe at a distance. II. adangadang at times, sometimes; kadang-kadang. adas, adas manis, aniseed; a. pedas, fennel. adat, Ar. custom; customary law; customary behaviour; proper behaviour; courtesy; law; a. Minangkabau, the (customary) law of Menangkabau; saperti adat - nya, as was his custom, b~radat, in accordance with custom; proper, courteous. adek, younger brother or sister; cousin younger than oneself; a term of endearment to one slightly younger than oneself; a. - beradek, near relatives; mangaku a. - blradek, to accept as a brother or sister, i.e., to ADUN terminate a closer relation in a friendly manner, or to set a limit to possible relations; a. sa-pupu, a (younger) first cousin. adi, Skr. excellent, noble, eminent; an expression usually met with in titles, e.g., adipati, adiraja. adib, Ar. respectful -the adjective of adab. adika, see andeka. adikara, Skr. majestic. adil, Ar. just, fair, honest-used of superiors being just to their subordinates or of a judge being impartial. adinda, younger brother or sister; a more courteous variant of adek. ading, younger brother or sister; a variant (in Maiayo-Javanese literature) of adek. adipati, Skr. an ancient exalted title used in Java. adiraja, Skr. very royal; royal by descent; a component part of many Malay titles of distinction; also diraja. adiwarna, Skr. glowing with colour, resplendent. adoh, alas! oh! adohi, alas! oh! = adoh. adok, Sum. kneading or mixing; champur adok, a mixture; miscellaneous. adu, I. contest, competition; to sue (in court); to refer for de cision; beradu, to make (crickets) fight; mnengadu, to contend, to compete; mengadukan hal, to represent one's case; aduan, a lawsuit; the plaintiff in a case. II. beradu, to sleep (of a prince); peraduan, a couch, a bed, a bedroom. adun, I. finery in dress; adun - kan pengantin, to deck out a [ 2 ]

ADZAB bridegroom. II. adunan, dough; mengadun, to knead. adzab, Ar. sorrow, pain, trouble; also azab. adzmat, Ar. awful, terrible, aweinspiring; also azmat. afiat, Ar. health; good health; sehat dan a., id. afrit, Ar. a malicious giant spirit. agah, neng-agah, beragah-agah, to crow, of a baby. agak, conjecture, guessing; agakagak, approximately, as far as one can guess; more or less; agak-nya-id.; agak gerangan, if by any chance. agal, Ked. an unidentified species of tortoise. agam, Ach., Pk. manly, big, stout, tall. agama, Skr. religion; a. Islam, the Muhammadan religion; also igama and ugama. agan, mati beragan, to die without visible cause; to seem alive in death = mati berakan, from akan. agar, I. Hind. in order that, so that = supaya. II. agar-agar, a seaweed Gracilaria lichenoides, Eucheuma spinosum used for making jelly. agas, a sandfly. ageh, a share agreed upon; the share to be allotted to anyone. agok, a breast ornament worn by children, and at weddings by women. agong, large, great, main (in certain expressions only); tiang a., the mainmast; layar a., the mainsail, a. alam, a prince of the earth. agus, Jav. fair, handsome. ah, ah! oh! an exclamation of pain or annoyance. Ahad, Ar. hari Ahad, Sunday; the first day of the week; AJNAS Allahu ahad, God is one; ahadkan to unite. ahli, I. Ar. versed in, expert in; It. Ar. a variant of ahlu, q.v. ahlu, Ar. family; people; men who do or are versed in anything; ahlu'n - nujum, astrolo - gers; ahlu'l - Koran, experts on the Koran. ahmak, Ar. dense, stupid. aho, ho there! ahwal, Ar. things, matters, events, occurrences; segala hat ahwal perkara itu, all the facts of the case. ai, yes! aib, Ar. a shame, a disgrace; memberi a., to put to shame; to disgrace. ain, I. Ar. eyes, nurlu'l ain, light of the eyes. II. ain - ul - banat, the name of a cloth mentioned. in romances. aiyar, Ar. a swindler, a cheat. ajaib, Ar. wonderful, miraculous, strange; benda yang ajaib, a curio; an extraordinary article. ajak, mengajak, to invite. ajal, Ar. destiny; allotted span of life; tiada sampai ajal-nya, his time (to die) has not yet come. ajar, I. teaching, instruction; ajarkan, to teach; belajar, to learn; pelajaran, learning; the thing taught or learnt; pengajaran, the act of teaching; the process of teaching; lectures; pgngajar, a teacher. II. Skr. ajar-ajar, ascetics; disciples of an ascetic teacher. aji, I. Jav. royal; rama a., or bapa a., sovereign father, sire; kakang a., royal brother; sang aji, king, sacred majesty. alnas, Ar. miscellanies; sorts; tuhfatu'l - ainas, "a gift of various articles," a common ex [ 3 ]

AJOK pression in epistolary language to describe the letter itself. ajok, ridicule by mimicry; mengajok, to mimic. ajun, widest from the mark; last in the competition. akal, Ar. intelligence, understanding, mind; berakal, intelligent; a. baligh, maturity, years of discretion; panjang a., resourceful; akalkan coll., to deceive, get the better of. akan, to, approach to; motion towards; intention to; budak yang akan mengaji, a boy about to study; akan daku, to me; akan dia, to him; akan - akan, like, resembling, very similar to; sa - akan - akan, almost exactly like; b~rakan - beraganv. agan. akar, root, fibre; a climbing or creeping plant; tiada rotan akar pun berguna, if you cannot get a rattan any fpbre will be useful (half a loaf is better than no bread), prov.; berakar, to take root. akas, lively, nimble, graceful. akat, Ar. to settle; to conclude; to put through; a. nikah, to settle the details of a marriage; a. barang, to deal in goods, to trade. akbar, Ar. most great, almighty; Allahu akbar, God is almighty. akek, Ar. agate, cornelian; coral. akhbar, Ar. news; a newspaper. akhir, Ar. last; the end; akhirnya, in the end; akhir-zaman, for ever; to the end of time. akhirat, Ar. the life to come, the day of judgment. akhwan, Ar. brothers. Also ekhwan. aki, to' aki, grandfather. aksara, Skr. letter, alphabetical symbol. ALEH aku, I. I, me, myself; akan daka, to me; aku semua, we; aku sakalian, id. II. m~ngaku to admit, to accept (a fact). al, Ar. the. alabangka, Port, a crowbar. alah, to be worsted; to lose (a contest); alah bisa oleh biasa, theory is worsted, by practice, prov.; alahkan and mengalahkan, to vanquish. alahan, a dried up river-bed. alaihi, Ar. upon him; to him. alaikum, Ar. upon you; to you. alam, Ar. the world. alamat, Ar. sign, token, a. surat the address on an envelope. alan-alan, a jester; a buffoon; a clown. alang, I. cross, across; a. balai, the cross-beams over an audience-hall. Alangan, the bar at an estuary. II. slight (in importance), of little account; a. kepalang, id.; bukan alangalang, of no little importance, important, weighty; a. alangan, half-hearted, slight; alang-kah, is it of no importance that..a semi - sarcastic interrogative enhancing the force of a statement. alap, sedate, slow, quiet. alar, the child of a slave (of the class known as ulur). alas, I. foundation, basis, framework, stand; a. kaki, a footstool; a. baju, the lining of a coat; a. pSlana, a numnah; a. rumah, the foundations of a house. II. Jav. alasan, jungle. alat, Ar. equipment, appurtenances; a. kerajaan, regalia; a. perang and a. senjata, military equipment; alati and mrng - alatkan, to fit out. aleh, moving, to shift; a. kata, change a topic; also kaleh. [ 4 ]

ALEK alek, olak-alek, ulang-alek, backwards and forwards. algoja, Port. an executioner. ali-all, a sling; rajut a.-a., the socket of a sling. alif, the name of the first letter of the alphabet. alim, Ar. learned, religious; orang a., a savant, a theologian. alin, massage with flour or eggs. aling, ulang-aling, motion to and fro, backwards and forwards. alir, flowing; floating down stream; mengalir, to flow; mengalirkan, to set floating; tali alir, a floating line used for catching crocodiles. alis, Jav. the eyebrow. alit, colouring the edge of the eyelid (with kohl). alkah, Ar. embryo, foetus. alkari, Port. sealing-wax. alku, a go-between, a pimp. Allah, Ar. God. allahumma, Ar. my God; 0 God! almari, Port. a wardrobe, an almeirah. almas, Ar. a diamond. alongan, Jav. a pool, a mere. alpa, Skr. carelessness, negligence; to treat with carelessness; also lepa. alti, Ar. clever, smart. alu, I. a pestle, a pounder. II. mnigalu-ngalukan, to welcome a guest with assiduous attention. III. ikan alu - alu, a large fish (unid.). alun, I. ground-swell; long rolling waves; beralun and m~ngalun, to roll up of the sea. II. Jav. alun-alun, the esplanade in front of a Javanese palace. alur, the channel of a river; the hollowed-out bed of a stream. alwat, Ar. aloes-wood. ama, I. a gnat, an atom. II. Ar. ama baada, well then and after AMBIL that.. an opening to a Malay letter. amah, I. a Chinese nurse. II. Tam. mother. amal, Ar. good works in the eyes of God; amalkan, to persist in doing (anything). aman, Ar. peace, safety; mercy, forgiveness. amanat, Ar. charge, trust; mnnaroh a, to leave a charge, of dying men. amang, I. magnetite. II. mengamang, to threaten, to menace. amar, Ar. order, edict; the commands of the Deity. amat, very; teramat, surpassingly; amati, amat - anati and mnmperamat-amati, to look very closely at; to devote careful attention to. ambai, a purse-net fixed in estuaries. ambal, I. ambalan, a procession; berambal- ambalan, in procession, trooping after. II. a rug. amban, bamboos lashed to a boat's side to increase its buoyancy. ambang, the lintel of a door; mfngambang, to seer just to rest on the horizon, of the sun or moon; to remain motionless in the air, of a bird; chinta ambang - ambangan, "wishing" when the moon just appears over the horizon-a propitious time according to Malay belief. ambar, I. Ar. ambergris. II. tawar ambar most insipid, tasteless. ambil, taking over; taking and retaining (and not merely picking up); a. pedoman, to set the course by the compass; mengambil, to take; mengambil akan menantu, to take as a son-inlaw; to give one's daughter in [ 5 ]

AMBIN marriage to; mengambil di-hati, to take to heart; to bear a grudge over. ambin, a scarf to support a child borne on the back. ambohi, hullo, oh! an exclamation of astonishment. ambong, I. a back basket. II. mengambong, to surge up, of waves. III. ambong-ambong, a sea-shore shrub (scoe vola Koenigii). ambul, mengambul, to rebound (e.g., as a spear). ambur, - hambur. ambus, mengamb us, to run away. amin, Ar. amen; be it so! m~ngaminkan, to keep repeating the word amen. amir, Ar. an emir; a chief; amiru'l - muminin, Commander of the Faithful; amiru'l bahar admiral. amok, a furious attack; m~ngamok, to run amuck; to attack furiously. ampai, hanging and waving loosely; ampaian kain, a clothes - line; ampai - ampai, a small stinging jelly - fish - cf. lampai. ampat, see 6mpat. ampong, drifting, to drift -cf. apong, lampong, etc. ampu, holding up by pressure from below; mengampu, to hold up, to support (as corsets hold up the breasts). ampuan, tengku ampuan, a raja's principal wife. ampul, mengampul, to swell out; to be blown out. ampun, pardon, forgiveness; minta a., to ask forgiveness; ampuni, ampunkan and mnigampunkan, to forgive. amra, Hind. the hog-plum. ANAK amris, Ar. urat amris, the muscles and veins at the side of the throat; the throat. anai-anai, the white ant. anak, child, offspring, issue; the young of an animal; the native (of a place); the relationship of an accessory to a principal object or of a component part to a whole; a. anakan, a puppet, a doll, an image; a. angkat, a child by adoption; a. anjing a puppy; a. ayam, a chicken; a. ayer, a rivulet; a. bini, family, wife and family; a. buah, (1) descendants generally, (2) she people under the charge of a native headman or chief; a. buangan, a foundling; a. chuchu, descendants; a. dagang, a foreigner; a. dara, a maiden; a. dayong, an oarsman; a. gampang, an illegitimate child of doubtful paternity; a. genta, the clapper of a bell; a. gobek, a betel - nut pounder; a. gula, syrup; a. gundek, a son by a secondary wife; a. haram, an illegitimate child; a. jari, a finger; a. kembar, a twin; a. kunchi, a key; a. laki-laki, a boy, a son; a. lidah, the uvula; a. murid, a pupil; a. negeri, a native of the country; a. orang, other people's children (especially their daughters); a. panah, an arrow; a. perahu, a boat - man; a. pereTmpuan, a girl, a daughter; a. piatu, an orphan; a. raja, a prince; a. rambut, the fringe of hair over the forehead; a. roda, the spoke of a wheel; a. sulong, the eldestborn; a. sumbang, a child of incest; a. sungai, a small tributary stream; a. tangga, a step, a rung of a ladder; a. [ 6 ]

ANAKANDA tOlinqa, the external gristly portion of the ear; a. t~runa, a bachelor, an unmarried youth; a. tiri, a step-child; a. }tunggal, an only child; beranak, to be possessed of a child, to bear a child; mgmperanakkan, to beget; penganak, a sort of drum; peranakan, born in the country, natives. anakanda, son-a court and literary form of anak. anakda, son-a variant of anakanda. anam, see enam. ananda, son-a variant of anakanda. anang, my son; a variant of anak occuring in Malayo-Javanese literature. anbia, Ar. prophets; the plural of nabi. anchai, careless - chuai. anchak, offerings of food placed in baskets for evil spirits; buang a., to make such offerings. anchar, Jav. the upas-tree (antiaris toxicaria). anchok, beranchok, to pair, to copulate. anchong, a glazed earthenware pot. anchu, I. a large raft. II. crossbeams under a nibong flooring. anda, Skr. the musk-glands in a civet; a. kesturi, the name of a Malay sweetmeat. andal, I. the hook to which the sheet of a Malay sail is attached. II. andai-nya, for example. III. see handai. andak, to reef, fig. to decrease, e.g., expenditure; mengandak - kan layar, to reef a sail. II. Andak, a 4th child. andal, undok andal, in swift succession (of work). ANGGAP andam, Pers. the dressing of the hair above the forehead; the fringe of a bride. andang, I. a torch of dry leaves. II. andang-andang, the yard on a ship or boat. andar, Ar. mati andar, to die unavenged. andas, a block with a flat surface; an anvil. andeka, I. Jav. you-a pronoun of the second person used in addressing people of rank. II. the avengeful sacrosanctity of a hereditary non - sovereign chief (= daulat of rulers); Pk. adika. andoh, support by means of a sling; andohan sekochi, the slings under a boat at the davits; tali andoh, the lashings of a gun-carriage. Andoman, Skr., Ked., Hanoman, q.v., see also Doman. andong, the dracoena (botanical) (cordyline terminalis). andun, Jav. mengandun prang, to make war = mengadu px - rang. andur, a buffalo-sleigh; also anur. aneka, Skr. kinds, species; serba a., of different kinds, various; also neka. angan, angan - angan, thoughts, ideas, the mind; siti juga diangan-angan, my lady is ever in my thoughts. angek, Ked. ungak - angek, bobbing up and down. angga, tine of a deer; m~rangga tandok, with branching horns. anggai, a sign (in very highflown language), = isharat. anggal, buoyant, lightly laden. anggap, a challenging invitation at a game; b~ranggap - anggapan, in turns, turn and turn about. [ 7 ]

ANGGAR anggar, reckoning, calculation; anggaran pelayaran, navigation (as a science); membuat anggaran, to take bearings; anggaran burong, the perching place of a bird. anggara, see angkara. anggau, clutching at anything; putting out the hand to seize. anggerek, an orchid. anggerka, Hind. baja anggerka, a long overcoat or surtout. anggit, fastening together; rotan penganggit atap, a rattan for fastening attaps; rotan anggit, the rattan binding outside a drum. anggok, to nod the head; bob up and down, of boats; tali a., bobstay; also enggok. anggota, Skr. limbs. anggul, to lift at the bows, to pitch (of a boat). anggun, fastidious, affected in manner or dress. anggur, I. transplanting. II. Pers. the vine, grapes, (by simile) grapeshot, shot; ayer a., wine; buah a., grapes; tarok a., a vine-shoot; a. roda, ballbearings. III. better, rather, it were better that. angin, a wind, a breeze, a current of air; a. barat, a west wind; a. darat, a land breeze; a. gila, an uncertain wind; a. puting b~liong, a whirlwind; a. sakal, a head-wind; a. sglmbabub, an eddying wind; a. timba ruang, a wind on the beam; chakap a., empty talk; di-atas a., west, countries from which ships used to come in the south-west monsoon; di-bawah a., Malaya, Burma, etc., countries to which people come from the west during the south-west monsoon; k$pala a., flighty; ANGKUP kereta a., a switch-back railway, (sometimes) a bicycle; makan a., to set well in a breeze (of a sail), to take an airing; mata a., the direction from which the wind is blowing; menjaring a., to waste time; p&rchaya a., vain hopes or expectations; penyakit a., a generic name for internal diseases which it is hard for a native doctor to diagnose; sakit angin tofan, Pen. suffering from syphilis; pokok a., a storm-cloud; anginkan, to dry in a current of air. angka, Skr. a numerical figure, a cypher; a. dua, the figure two, the reduplication mark. angkap, = anggap. angkara, Skr. gross brutality or disrespect, violence to a girl or woman; hina a., a low brute; setua a., a fabulous monster of great strength. angkasa, Skr. the regions of the air, the heavens; dewa a., a celestial deity; unggas a., a bird of the air. angkat, raising, lifting, bringing up; anak a., an adopted child; an.qkat-angkat, gait, bearing; balai angkat-angkat, a temporary erection; angkatkan, to raise, to lift; angkatan, an expeditionary force; angkatan raja diraja, the hearse at a sovereign's funeral; berangkat, to go (of a prince). angkau, see engkau. angkit, raising (small light objects). to pick up; belat angkitangkit, chicks, jalousies. angkoh, proud, haughty. angkok, figure-head of native boat. angkup, tweezers, forceps. [ 8 ]

ANGKUT angkut, raising piecemeal, picking up one at a time; m~ngangkut, to keep picking up and removing; angkat - angkut, the mason-bee. anglo, Ch. a brazier. anglong, Ch. a pavilion, a summer-house. angsa, Skr. a goose. angsana, the ansennia-tree; also sfna. angsoka, Skr. the name of a tree (pavetta Indica?). angsur, progress in short stages; berangsur - angsur, in instalments. angus, see hangus. angut, day-dreaming, e.g., under the influence of opium. ani, mengani, Hind., to arrange the pattern on a weaver's loom; pengani, a rack for the spools. aniaya, Skr. oppression, injustice. aning-aning, a large wasp. anja, halliard. anjak, to shift one's position slightly; edging away. anial, menganjal, to rebound, as a ball. anjang, kgtam anjang - anjang, a variety of crab. Anjiman, Eng. kapal Anjiman, an East Indiaman (ship). anjing, a dog; dog, as a term of abuse; anjing-anjing, the muscle of the calf; a. ayer, an otter; a. hutan, a wild dog; anak a., a puppy; igig a., the canine teeth; g~mbala a., a dog-boy. anjir, Pers. the fig. anrtong, the projecting front room of a Malay house; a room over a porch. anjur, minganjur, to project, to stretch out; p~nganjur front file of soldiers, leaders in a procession. ANTOK anum, Jav. fair; ratu a., the handsome prince. anur, Ked. see andur. anta, I. Skr. existence, entity nature; beranta indera, divine; beranta loka, earthly, mundane; anta kesoma, flowery; the name given to a Malay dish (made of keledek). II. Skr. naga Antaboga, a great serpent. antah, I. the husk. II. antahantah, descendants in the fifth generation. antak, to tap the ground with the cushion of the foot, the heel remaining stationary. antan, a pestle. antap, heavy for its size, of a child. antar, = hantar. antar-antar, a ramrod; a pounder. antara, Skr. space between; time between; di-antara, during the interval between; in the space between; among; ingat antara belum kEna, think before you are involved in anything (look before you leap), prov. anteh, minganteh, to spin (thread). antelas, Ar. satin. antero, Port. the whole; a. K&lang, the whole of Klang. anti, untak-anti, existing precariously, of grass on a road; also entak-anti. antil, untal-antil, swaying loosely. anting, hanging down and swaying; pendulous; untang-anting -id. of many objects swaying at a time; anting - anting, an ear - pendant; burong anting - anting, racquet - tailed drongo (dissenmuros platurus). antok, I. mengantok, to be drowsy or sleepy. II. colliding; [ 9 ]

ANTUL b~rantok, to collide; gigi berantok, chattering teeth; terantok, in collision; sudah thrantok baharn itengadah, to look up after the collision (to shut the stable - door after the steed has been stolen), prov. antul, mengantul, to rebound. antun, I. berantun, to be particular about one's dress. II. Pk. slow, stately of speech or gait. antup, Jav. the sting of an insect. anu, such-and-such; si-anu, soand - so; di - kampong ann, at such-and such a place. anugerah, Skr. favour; grace; the gift of a superior to an inferior; anugerahi, to bestow, to confer a favour on. anun, Ked. = anu. anyam, plaiting; basket and matwork; menganyam, to plait. anyang, I. food such as clams, cockles which are not cooked but served with spices. II. to sweep up rubbish into heaps; to scatter heaps as a pig grouting. anyek, onyak-anyek, vacillating, undecided; shaking (as a loose tooth). anyut, see hanyut. apa, what; dia orang apa? what is he? apa buat? what are you doing? apa - apa, whatever; apa-bila, when, whenever; apa fasal? why? apa guna? what is the use? apa kala, when, whenever; apa lagi? what then? apa -lah, please, i.e., as much as you please, khabari apa - lah, tell me please; apa macham? how? what kind of? in what way? apa sebab? why? apa- tah? what..? barang apa, whatever; beberapa, in some quantity; some, several; be ra pa? in what quan APONG tity? how many? how much? betapa? how? why? kenapa and inengapa? why? siapa, who? tiada mengapa, or (colloquially) tidak apa, no matter, never mind. II. buloh apa, a dwarf bamboo. apabila, when; whenever. apak, Jav. stinking, as a sweaty person. apakala, when, whenever. apam, Tam. a thin cake. apas, striking, effective (of costume). apeh, a Chinese purse. apek, I. spruce, smart, neat. II. chakap upak-apek, tale-bearing; mischievous or inconsistent talk. api, fire; a light; a light-house; api - api, a generic name for a number of trees of the man - grove class; asap a., smoke; bara a., live embers; batu a., flint; bunga a., sparks, fire - works; di - makan a., burnt; gobek a., a fire syringe; gunong a., a volcano; kapal a., a steamship; kayu a., firewood; kereta a., a railway; a steam tramway; laut a., the fiery sea (hell) periok a., a bomb, a shell; semut a., a long black stinging ant; berapi, flaming. apilan, a gun-shield. apit, wedging between two surfaces (not connected by a hinge); apitan, a printingpress; mengapit, to press between two surfaces; pxngapit, an assessor at a trial, the best man at a wedding tdrapit, wedged in between. apiun, Ar. opium. apong, drifting; flotsam; laksana apong di-t~ngah laut, like driftwood on the waves (helpless), prov. [ 10 ]

APUM apum, a cake resembling (but not identical with) the apam. apus, = hapus. ara, a generic name for trees of the fig type; menanti ara ta' bergetah, to wait for the fig to lose its sap (an endless wait), prov. Arab, Ar. Arabian, Arabic; negeri A., Arabia; bahasa A., Arabic. arah, direction; a. ka - laut, towards the sea; sa - keliling a., on all sides, in all directions; ta' tentu a., in confusion. arai, a r a i -j m ara i, hanging loosely. arak, l. berarak, to march in procession; perarakan, a processional car. II. Ar. arrack; rice-spirit; spirits. arakian, furthermore. aral, Ar. an obstacle; a difficulty; hindrance. aram, I. grudge; aram - aram, bearing a grudge. II. aramtemaram, clouded over (at the moon). III. aram - aram, a scaffolding. arang, charcoal; kayu a., ebony; a. batu, coal; a. di-muka, defilement; shame, disgrace. ararut, Eng. arrowroot. aras, I. rising to a level with; mengaras a., to rise to the cloudline. II. a term of God. arash, Ar. the throne of God. archa, Skr. an image; a basrelief. arghawani, Pers. red. art, I. Jav. younger brother or sister = adek; ari - ningsun, id. =adinda. II. ari-ari, the pubes. III. Ar. halter, mengari (kuda) to put a halter on (a horse). IV. = hari. aria, (nautical) lower away! arif, Ar. learned, erudite. ASAI arifin, Ar. wise men; the wiseplural of arif. aring, I. foul-smelling, as a urinal. II. the small piece of worked steel below the guard of the blade of a keris. arip, Jav. sleepy. aris, I. a bolt-rope. II. Ar. husband-man. arit, Jav. a curved knife used for tapping trees; Ked. mengarit, to tap a toddy - palm or cut nipah. Arjuna, Skr. the hero Arjuna. arkian, see arakian. arkus, guinea-pig. arnab, Ar. a rabbit. arong, wading; fording; mengarong, to wade through water; to ford; to traverse; b~layar nmengarong, to put out to sea; mWngarong darah, to wade through blood (a metaphor for great slaughter); arongan, a crossing, a channel (a metaphor for the deep central part of the sea). arpus, rosin for rubbing catgut. arti, see hErti. aruan, a fresh-water fish (ophiocephalus sp.). aruda, Port. rue (ruta graveo - lens). arwa, a saw-edged knife. arwah, Ar. the vital elements in a man; the soul; the spirits of the dead; makan a., a feast in honour of the dead; terbang a., loss of consciousness. asa, Sk. hope; putus a., disappointed; hilang a., id. asad, Ar. a lion. asah, grinding down; filing (the teeth); batu a., a whetstone; asahkan, to whet,,to grind down. asai, a fruit-weevil. [ 11 1

ASAK asak, pressing in or down; ramming into a small space. asal, Ar. origin; a. usul, history; origins; lineage; asal-nya, originally; asalkan (or simply asal), if, provided that, if only. asam, acid, sour; acid fruits; laksatna asam dengan garam, like acids and salt (which go well together), prov.; limau a., the lime. asap, smoke, vapour; asapkan, to fumigate; to perfume with incense; perasapan, a censer. asar, help, assistance. ashik, Ar. enamoured; in love; wrapt up in (any work), passionately addicted to. asin, salt, saline. asing, distinct, separate, apart; orang a., a different person; asingkan, to set apart; to discriminate. askar, Ar. soldiery. asli, Ar. original, primal. asmara, Skr. love; sexual love. asoh, mengasoh, to nurse; pingasoh, a nurse. asok, Ked. male dancer at a ronggeng. Asrafil, Ar. the archangel Israfel. astaka, a dais. astakona, Skr. an octagonal pattern; a large receptacle for rice of that pattern used at weddings. astana, = istana. asu, gigi asu, the canine teeth. asut, mengasut, stirring up enmity, egging on to a quarrel. atap, roofing; thatch of palmleaf; a. agan, a corrugated iron roof; a. batu, a. genting, or a. sisek tenggiling, a tiled roof. atar, minyak atar, otto of roses. atas, position above; with reference to; about; di-atas, above; AYAHANDA ka - atas, upward, to a place above. atau, Skr. or. atong, teratong-atong, becalmed (of sailing ships), drifting of steamers broken down. atur, arranging; aturan, regulations; aturkan, to set in order. atus, Ked. to filter; to rinse. aulia, Ar. saints. aum, (onomatopoeic); mengaum, to growl (as a tiger), to murmur (as a crowd). aur, a generic name given to many large bamboos. aus, to be worn away by friction. auta, Tam. lying, boasting, exaggeration. awak, body, person, self; contents; you, thou (Johor, Pah., N.S., Mal., Sel.); a. perahu, the crew of a ship. awal, Ar. beginning; first; a. musim, the beginning of the season. awan, cloud; cloud-like pattern; a. mWngandong hujan, a rain cloud; a. timbut, pattern in relief; a. tenggelam, an incised pattern. Awang, I. young fellow; a familiar and rather contemptuous form of address to any unknown youth. II. a w an g - awang or awang-awangan, the lower heavens. awar, = hawar. awag, keen sight; second sight. awat, I. = apa buat? why? II. ridge between plough-furrows; mrmnchah a., to cross - plough. III. awat-awat, N.S. rattan lashings of an adze. Cf. perawat. ayah, I. father; a. bonds, parents. II. Hind. an Indian nurse. ayahanda, sire (in court language). [ 12 ]

AYAK ayak, mengayak, to pass through a sieve; ayakan, a sieve. ayam, a generic name for fowls; a. Belanda, a turkey; a. denak or a. hutan, a jungle fowl; a. itek, poultry; a. jantan, a cock; a. kasi or a. kembiri, a capon; a. mutiara, a guinea - fowl; a. pegar, the fire - back pheasant (lophura rufa); aygam-ayam, a waterfowl; anak a., a chicken. ayan, Eng. corrugated iron. ayapan, victuals. ayat, Ar. verse esp. of the Koran. ayer, water, liquid, juice, sap; a. bah, a flood; a. batu, ice; a. gula, syrup; a. keras, spirits; a. madu, honey; a. mata, tears; a. mawar, rose-water; a. minum, drinking - water; a. muka, expression of face; a. pasang, the rising tide; a. peloh, perspiration; a. surut, the falling tide; a. tawar, fresh water; a. teh, tea; a. terjun, a waterfall; BACHA buang a. besar, to defecate, buang a. k~chil, to urinate (polite); mata a., a spring; tanah a., territories. ayo, an interjection of greeting. ayoh, alas! an exclamation of sorrow. ayok, (coarse) sexual congress. ayu, Jav. fair, handsome. ayun, to rock, to sway; bgrayun or mengayun, id.; ayunan, a hammock; a cradle; matahari berayun, ayun - temayun, afternoon. ayut, (coarse) sexual congress. azab, Ar. sorrow, pain, trouble; also adzab. azal, Ar. the beginning of time; the endless past. azimat, Ar. a talisman. aziz, Ar. dear, darling. azmat, Ar. awe - inspiring; also adzmat. azza, Ar. honoured; a. wa jalla, honoured and illustrious, of God. B ba, the name of the second letter of the alphabet. baada, Ar. after; baada-hu, after that. bab, Ar. I gate, door. II. a chapter; a main division of a book. baba, a Straits-born Chinese; a foreigner born in Malaya. babad, Jav. a chronicle, a history. babak, set, series; sa-babak, of one series; similar, identical. babang, agape; gaping wide. babar, terbabar, spread out; astretch, of sails. babas, driven out of its course (of a ship). babi, a pig; pig as a term of abuse; b. buta, recklessness; b. hutan, a wild pig; b. kawan, the half - grown wild pig; b. nangui, a wild pig; bulu b., a sea-urchin; burong b., the adjutant bird; gila b., epileptic. babil, b r b ab il, to dispute, wrangle. babit, implicate third parties in a dispute. babok, dull, dense, stupid. babu, I. a Javanese nurse. II. Hind., "Mr." babur, broad, of blades. bacha, reading; the utterance of formulae, prayers or incanta [ 13 ]

BACHANG tions; membacha, to read; tanda bachaan, vowel - points; diacritical marks. bachang, see machang or mr - bachang. bachar, loquacious. bachin, Sum. stinking, fetid. bachir, bochor - bachir, very leaky, constantly running. bachok, a section of a large bamboo used as a water-vessel. bachul, timid, spiritless; ayam b., a cock that will not fight. bada, Pk. fried bananas. badai, terbadai, Pah. adhering, of driftwood. badak, a generic name for the rhinoceros and tapir; b. api, a fabulous rhinoceros; b. hempit = b. kerbau; b. kerbau, the Sumatran rhinoceros; b. raya, the Javan rhinoceros (r. sondaicus); b. tampong, the tapir = t-nok. badam, Pers. the almond; b. China, ground-nuts. badan, Ar. the body; cf. tuboh. badang, a round bamboo sieve. badar, Ar. I. the moon. II. the name of a plain near Mecca. badek, a small straight dagger. badi, see bahadi. badok, I. clumsy; bulky. II. the name of a fish. badong, Jav. a gorget worn by a child. Badui, Ar. a Bedouin; a wandering scoundrel. badut, Jav. a jester. bafta, Pers. woven fabrics. bagai, Tam. kind, species, variety; like = seperti; bagai-bagai, sorts, kinds; also pelebagai; bUrbagai - bagai,. of different sorts; sa-bagai, like, resembling. bagaimana, how? in what way. bagal, clumsy, big, of a cock. BAHARU bagan, a platform for drying fish; a scaffolding; (Penang) a landing-place. bagas, continuous (of a gale). bagau, a plant (xyris Indica). baghal, Ar. a mule. bagi, to, for, for the use or purpose of; (Penang) to give. bagimana, = bagaimana. baginda, Sk. king, prince, ruler. bagini, in this way; thus. bagitu, in that way; so. bagok, Pk. tall for one's age. bagong, clumsy (of the build of a boat). bagu, bagu-bagu, a slice or natural sub-division of a fruit. bagur, big for one's age; overgrown. bagus, Jav. fine, handsome. bah, ayer bah, flood water; inundation. bahadi, the evil influences (supernatural) haunting a place, animate being or corpse; also badi. bahaduri, Pers. knightly, gallant. bahagi, Skr. to divide; to allot; bahagian, a division, a share. bahagia, Skr. blessing; b / r - bahagia, fortunate, blessed. baham, crushing in the closed mouth; mouthing; also a coarse equivalent for eating. bahan, I. a chunk or large lump especially of wood). II. drubbing, soundly thrashing. bahana, Skr. noise; the confused murmur of many sounds. bahang, the glow of fire; glowing-hot. bahar, Ar. the sea; bintu'l-bahar, a mermaid. bahara, a weight; cf. bara. bahari, Pers. excellent, noble. baharu, new; newly; just; just then; not till then; then; tahun b., the new year; bahara [ 14 ]

BAHAS ia datang, he has just come; also baru. bahas, I. terbahas, knocking up against. II. Ar. berbahas, debate, to discuss. bahasa, Skr. language; fitting language; politeness; manners; b. M6layu, the Malay language; tiada tahu b., to lack manners; korang b., id.; jalan b., idiom; juru b., an interpreter. bahawa, Skr. the story is, the facts are, namely, to wit -a word used to open a paragraph or an asseveration; bahawa sanya or b. sa-sunggoh-nya, id. bahaya, Skr. danger, peril; marabahaya, id.; also baya. bahkan, of a truth; yes; verily. ba!ttera, Skr. a vessel; an ark; an argosy - a poetic equivalent for a ship. bahu, I. Skr. shoulder; tercha - but - lah sendi bahu - nya, his shoulder was put out of joint. II. (Dutch) a measure of superficies (a bouw). Bai, Hind. brother, a term of address used to Bengalis. baid, Ar. far, distant; karib dan b., near and far; relatives and strangers. baiduri, Skr. an opal; a generic name for a number of precious stones-such as opals, cat'seyes, etc. balk, good, excellent; useful; well; \tuan ada b.? are you well? how are you? baik-baik, carefully; jaga b. b., take care; baik.. baik.., both.. and.., e.g., baik jantan baik betina, both men and women; baik-lah! all right! very well! sa-baik-baik, however well; as well as possible; baiki or mWmbaiki, to repair, mend. BAKAL bairup, Eng. a beacon; a buoy; a trigonometrical station. bait, Ar. house; baitu'l-mal, the treasury; B ait u' I lah, God's house; Baitu'l - Mukadas, Jerusalem. baia, I. steel; the process of tempering; improving by manure; kalan asal baja yang baik, if of good steel to start with; tanah yang tiada berbaja, unmanured land. II. a preparation of burnt coconut shell used for staining the teeth. bajak, I. Mat., S'pore. a plough; = Pen. tenggala: mata b., the ploughshare. II. Jav. a pirate. bajan, Skr. a basin; better bajana. bajang, I. an evil spirit; a familiar spirit. II. berbajang, rabbeted. bajau, a sea gipsy. baJi, a wedge; b. belah, a wedge for forcing open a fissure; b. rapat, a wedge for filling an interstice so as to keep an object in position or steady. bajik, Jav. kebajikan, virtue, merit, good deeds. bajing, Jav. a squirrel. baju, Pers. outer garment, a coat, jacket, a tunic; b. dalam, a singlet; b. hujan, a mackintosh, a rain coat; b. panas, an overcoat; tangan b., the sleeve of a coat. baka, I. heredity; inherited character. II. Ar. eternal, lasting; dari negeri yang fana kanigeri yang baka, from a perishable to an imperishable country (from earth to heaven). bakai, Ked. mandi bakai, to wash in fresh water after bathing in the sea. bakal, I. hereditary social position; b. Laksamana, heir to the [ 15 ]

BAKAP office of Laksamana. II. Jay. materials for construction. bakap, a fish (unid.). bakar, membakar, to burn, to roast; t~rbakar, burnt. bakarah, Ar. one head of cattle. bakarat, Ar. virginity. bakat, tide-rips; masses of driftwood and seaweed marking the point of contact of two currents or the highest point of the beach reached by the tide; traces of an eruptive disease. bakau, mangrove - swamp; a generic name for mangroves; u lar b., a species of viper (lachesis purpureo-maculatus). bakdul, Hind. a bearing-rein. bakak, a pepper; piper chaba. bakhil, Ar. covetous, avaricious. bakhtiar, Pers. fortunate. baki, Ar. balance left over; surplus. bakir, sour (of milk). bakok, stupid, inattentive, dense. bakong, a large white - flowered lily-like plant (crinum Asiaticum). bakti, Skr. meritorious service; b~rbuat b., to show devotion to God; to earn merit; berbakti, devout; kebaktian, devotion. bakul, a basket, a hamper; menjunjong b., to carry a basket on the head. bakup, closed by inflammation (of the eyes); "bunged up." bala, I. Ar. misfortune, injury; tolak b., a propitiatory offering or sacrifice. II. Sk. soldiery; b. tfntgra, an army. balah, berbalah, disputing, quarrelling, wordy war. balai, I. a hall of audience; the court of a penghulu; Pen. a police - station. II. halai - balai, confused, disorderly. BALIGH balairong, a hall of assembly; b. agong, id. balak, (Dutch) a baulk, a large piece of timber. balam, I. the Malay ground-dove ( geopelia striata), usually known as tekukur. II. dimly visible, hazy (as distant hills); balam - balam, id. III. mem - balam - balam, to paddle with short quick strokes. balang, I. a bottle with a long narrow neck, jug, decanter. II. a missile; to hurl a missile. III. Jav. mournfulness = w a - lang. IV. to paddle quickly = balanm. balar, I. albino whiteness; pinkness; kerbau b., a pink buffalo. II. chakar - balar, scratched. all over; covered with abrasions. balas, sending back; return; requital; revenge; balasi, to requite; membalas, to send back, e.g., b. tabek, to return a salutation; b. surat, to reply to a letter. balasan, Ar. balm, balsam. balau, pokok balau, a large tree (swintonia sp.). Balchi, Baluchi, negeri B., Baluchistan. baldi, Hind. a horse-bucket. balek, position behind; in rear of; the reverse; di - balek, behind; b. adab, disrespect; bolak - b., backwards and for - wards; berbalek, to return; terbalek, upside down, reversed. balgham, Ar. mucus, phlegm. bali, I. Ch. the cabin of a junk. II. Bali, Balinese; Palau B., Bali. baligh, Ar. adult, mature; akal b., years of discretion; puberty. [ 16 ]

BALING baling, revolution; baling - bal - ing, bebaling, a toy wind-mill; bolang-b., chain-shot. baloh, the wooden frame of a drum; balohan, the skeleton of a howdah. balok, I. Port. a small sailing craft. II. membalok, to "string" for choice of positions. balong, I. the comb of a cock; b. kulit, patches of bark sticking out loosely from the trunk. II. balong bidai, an evil spirit of the water. balu, widowed of either sex, bereaved of children. baluarti, Port. bulwark, rampart. balun, to beat with a rattan. balur, hard skin, such as that which forms under the yoke in a bullock; untanned hide; jerked meat; b. liat, incorrigibly lazy. balut, I. enwrapping, enwinding, b. rokok, to roll up a cigarette; di-balut-nya surat, he wrapped the letter in the envelope. II. inflamed, red (of the eyes). barn, cross-tree; cross-piece; the bar of a bullock-cart. bamnbang, flat and broad (as a mirror; as the moon). bambu, bamboo; better buloh and aur. bambun, the Malayan mongoose. bami, Ch. a dish of vermicelli, prawns and pork. Also manmi. banang, large, of the "duku" fruit, a shell and some fishes. banar, sinar-banar, resplendent. banat, I. menimbanat, to thrash. II. wild, forest - covered = be - ientara. III.? Ar. ainu'l-banat, a precious cloth. banchi, I. toll, census, enumeration per capita. II. Tam. adze. III. Jav. hermaphrodite. BANGAT banchah, perplexed, "in a fix." banchoh, mix, knead. banchut, I. projecting; t e r - banchut mata, with the eye thrust out intently (of a lizard on a wall). II. Bat. to futilize = bantat. bandang, ikan bandang, a fish (chrysophrys hasta?). bandar, I. Pers. a sea-port; shahban d ar, harbour-master; a Malay officer controlling the coast and shipping. II. bandaran, a water-course, bandar ayer, id. bandarsah, a private chapel, or religious school. bandela, a bale. bandera, see bendera. banding, comparison; tiada sabanding, incomparable; ban - dingkan, to compare. bandok, nervous, self-conscious. bandong, I. a connected pair, e.g., balai bandong, two halls connected by a passage; tellr dita sa - bandong, two yolks in one egg. bandu, Skr. friend, companion. bandul, Eur. the pendulum of a clock. bandut, to fasten; to bind up what is cracked, e.g., top of spear shaft. bang, I. Pers. the call to prayer. II. Jav. red; batek b., a pattern of a sarong in which red predominates. bangai, t~rbangai, abandoned of a person or corpse, of saucepans left unlidded or on a dead fire, of dishes left uncovered. bangar, I. putrid (of drains, stagnant water). II. ingar-bangar, great uproar. bangat, speed; quick; bangatbangat or b. amat, very quick* ly. 2 [ 17 ]

BANGAU bangau, the Malay egret (bubulcus coromandus and herodias intermedia). bangbang, Jav. red; k / t a r a bangbang wetan, the eastern glow appeared. bangbun, Pk. = bambun. bangelas, opened out; unpartitioned. bangl!o, Eng. bungalow. bangkai, a dead body; a carcase-cf. magat (which is respectful). bangkang, I. wide apart (of the points of horns, etc.); tandok b., horns, the points of which are wide apart; kala b., the black forest scorpion. II. Jav. contradictoriness. III. unfinished, left incomplete. bangkar, I. tough, hard; set stiff (in death). II. snags in a river. bangkas, yellow flecked with black (as the colour of a fighting-cock). bangking, a large round urn-shaped lacquered box for clothes. bangkir, bongkar-bangkir, turning topsy-turvy. bangkit, rising up; b. berdiri, to rise and stand erect; berbangkit, to rise; berbangkit-lah ketakutan, a panic arose. bangkong, parang bangkong, a short broad-bladed Bugis chopping knife. bangku, Port. a bench, a stool, a seat without arms or back. bangkut, stunted in growth; stumpy. bangsa, Skr. race, family, good birth; bahasa menunjokkan bangsa, a man's manners show his descent, prov.; b. Chi na, the Chinese; berbangsa, of birth; nobly born. bangs.-il, decayed, rotten (of wood). BANTAL bangsal, a shed; b. kuda, a stable or stall. bangsat, vagrant, mean, despicable; orang b., a vagabond. bangsawan, Skr. I. of good birth, noble. II. the native opera. bangsi, a native flute or flageolet. bangta, anak b., a child born to a (Perak) ruler after his acces - sion. Cf. Ach. abangta. bangun, to rise, to get up; shape, bearing; jatoh b., falling and rising; stumbling along; t e r - laui takut bangun-nya, bearing himself like a man in great fear; bangun - bangun, shape, form; bangun - bangunan, a turret or crow's nest in a stockade; a scaffolding; ban gun kan, to make a person get up; membanglun, to rise; Sum. to recover damages for the loss of a murdered relative., bani, Ar. bani Adam, the children of Adam; mankind. banian, see benian. baning, the tortoise (testudo emys). banir, a buttress-like projection at the base of the trunk of certain trees. banjar, rank, file; berbanjar, in rows; taman banjaran sari, the old Javanese garden of the Hesperides. banli, Ch. glazed earthenware lattice-twork. bantah, bUrbantah, to dispute; bantahan, quarrelsome, given to contradicting; perbantahan, an altercation. bantai, cutting up a slaughtered animal; quartering; sl. (1) "cut and run"; (2) to belabour; pembantai, a butcher. bantal, a pillow, a cushion; b. guling, a bolster; bantal-bantal, [ 18 ]

BANTANG a short horizontal patch of rainbow light. bantang, bunting-bantang, very big, of pregnancy. banteng, the Bali ox (bos sondaicus) when domesticated. banting, dashing down, beating together; threshing padi against the sides of a wooden tub; menmbanting, to dash against; saperti ombak membanting dirinya, like waves dashing into each other. bantu, aid, assistance; m e m - bantu, to succour, to help. bantun, uprooting; pulling up the foundations. bantut, frustration; rendering abortive; nipping in the bud; bantutkan, nip in the bud, abort. banyak, much; many; a quantity; b. orang, a number of persons; orang b., the populace; sa-banyak, the same number as, as many as, as much as; k - banyakan, most; the majority; the common people; common. banyu, Jav. water. bapa, father; mak b., or ibu b., parents. bapang, my father-a Javanese (first person singular possessive) form of bapa. bara, I. embers; b. a p i, live coals. II. tolak bara, ballast (see bahara). III. sara- bara, higgledy - piggledy. IV. Hind. big, great, main (in certain nautical expressions). barah, abscess tumour. barai, an edible salt-water shellfish. baran, N.S. low swampy undergrowth; babi b., wild pig infesting such undergrowth. barang, things in general; luggage; one's belongings; anything; any; would that in some BASAL way; b. a pa, whatever; b. barang, (1) things, belongings, luggage; (2) ordinary, common; b. bila, whenever; b. kali, perhaps; b. siapa, whoever, s abarang, whatever. baras, Ar. leprosy. barat, I. west; b. tepat, due west; orang b., Kelantanese (as described in Pahang). II. s # s a t barat, very much astray; confused. III. ikan barat - barat (triacanthus brevirostris). barau, ikan barau - barau (triacanthus blochii); burong barau - barau, the yellow crowned bulbul (trachycomus ochrocephalus). barek, mottled, veined, variegated. Bari, I. Ar. God the Creator. II. bari-bari, fruit-flies. baring, lying down at full length; berbaring, to lie down; baringkan, to place in a recumbent position. baris, a line, a row; b. sipahi a line of troops. baroh, the land lying between a Malay house and shore or riverbank; low land. barong, I. a booth, stall. II. a pass, col. baru, I. new; = baharu. II. a sea - shore tree (hibiscus tiliaceus); ikan daun b. (drepane punctata). Barus, kapur B., camphor (from Barus in Sumatra). barut, a long bandage; a bodice worn by children; to bandage or swathe in cloth. barzakh, alam b., Hades. basah, wet, moist; b. kuyup, wringing wet; kain basahan, clothes used for bathing in; old clothes; basahkan, to wet. basal, beri-beri; dropsy. [ 19 ]

BASAU basau, hard, of a boiled potato. bashan, Turk. a pasha. basi, musty, stale, mouldy. basoh, washing; saperti ayer basoh tangan, like water for washing one's hands (a cheap and little - prized article), prov. basohkan, to wash. basong, I. a pointed excrescence near the root of a tree. II. a mould of light wood on which an upeh bag for damar is made. III. light easily cut, e.g., of pulai wood. IV. N.S. the handle of a Malay adze. bata, I. batu bata, a brick; atap b., a tiled roof. II. bata-bata, in doubt; kebata-bataan, perplexity. Batak, an aboriginal tribesman; a Battak; membatak, to lead a nomadic life. batal, Ar. futile, useless; membatalkan, to bring to nought, abrogate. batang, a tree-trunk; a shaft; a handle; a rod; b. ayer, a watercourse; b. hidong, the bridge of the nose; b. joran, a fishing-rod; b. kaya, a tree; b. leher, the neck; b. pengayoh, the handle of a paddle; menmbitang, read without spelling out the letters. Batara, see Betara. batas, the ridges round wet padi fields. batek, the process of painting sarongs, k a i n b., a painted (Javanese) sarong. bati, sa - bati, inseparably connected, of soldered things, milk and water mixed, etc. batil, a metal bowl. batin, I. a tribal chief (of aborigines, Orang Laut, etc.). II. Ar. esoteric; inner; hidden. batir, batir-batir, a cord fastening a keris scabbard to its belt. BAWA batoh, a gambler. batok, a cough; b. k ring, phthisis; b. lelah or b. sisek, whooping-cough. batu, stone, rock; mile -stone, mile; native anchor; b. api, flint; b. arang, coal; b. asah, whetstone; b. bata, brick; b. Belanda, a Bath brick; b. berani, magnet; b. besi, granitic rock; b. chanai, grindstone; b. da ching, the weight on a balance; b. duga, a plummet; b. geliga, a bezoar; b. kail, the weight on a fishing line; b. karang, galena ore; b. kepala, crown of the head; b. las, emery * b. I in t ar, fossil stone implements; b. roboh, debris; b. sauh, a native anchor; b. sempadan, boundarystone; b. uji, touchstone; ayer b., ice; chap b., lithography; gula b., loaf-sugar. bau, smell, odour; bau - bauan, perfume; berbau, to be scented; to smell of. bauk, a beard under the chin; chambang b., a full beard, beard and whiskers; janggut b., id. baung, I. (Dayak = plantain) curved (as a plantain or chairback, i.e., concave on the side, convex on the other). II. ikan baung, (bagrus sp.). baur, chainpur baur, much mixed up; also champur qaul. bawa, conveying; membawa, to bring, to carry; b. diri, to take oneself off, to be off; b. iman, to accept the Muhammadan faith; b. jalan, to lead the way; b. lari, to carry off, to run away with; b. m a t i, to retain till death; to carry to one's grave; b. pergi, to take away; pergi b., to fetch. r 20 ]

BAWAH bawah, below, under; ka-bawah, downward; di- bawah, below; dari bawah, from under. bawal, ikan bawal, the pomfret;, (stromateus sp.). bawang, a generic name for onions, leeks, etc.; b. Benggala or b. Bombai, imported onions; b. China, garlic; b. merah, the local onion. bawasir, Ar. piles, haemorrhoids; also wasir. bawat, drooping; mata b., drooping eyelids, sleepiness. baya, I. sa-baya, of the same age. II. Skr. danger; = bahaya. bayak, bulky. bayam, spinach. bayan, I. burong bayan, the parroquet (palwornis longicauda). II. Ar. clear, obvious; terbayanlah nyata, id. III. Jav. a waiting-maid at a court. bayang, shadow, image, vague outline; terbayang, imaged vaguely, shadowed forth. bayar, payment, paying; membayar, to pay. bayoh, plurality of wives. bayong, pisau b., a small knife. bayu, I. Skr. the wind, the breeze; Vayu, the AEolus of the old Javanese mythology; dipuput bayu, waving in the breeze. II. a slave; a submissive pronoun of the first person. bayar, a name given to several trees of the genus Sterculiaceae. bea, customs dues; pebean, a customs-station. bebal, stupid, dull, dense; orang yang bebal, a fool. biban, a burden, a load. beban, wicked, perverse, disobedient, of children. bebang, a stoppage (in the anus or uterus). BtDUKANG bebar, berbebar, cackling, of frightened poultry. bebas, free; familiar. bebat, girdling, wrapping round. bebek, I. Jav. duck; = (Malay) itek. II. to purse the lips, of a child. bechak, I. muddy, slushy. II. Ch. a jinrikisha. bechang, bechang - bechok, the sound of quarrelling. bechek, Jav. slushy; = bechak. bechok, bechang - bechok, the sound of quarrelling. beda, Skr. distinction, difference; sekarang ini beda terlalu, things are very different now; membedakan, to distinguish between, to differentiate; perbedaan, distinction, difference; also beza. bedak, division into equal parts; berbedak, to divide. bedak, a cosmetic; berbedak, powdered with cosmetic. bedal, mem-bedal, to swish, beat. bedan, heat spot, spots due to nettle-rash. bedar, an East-coast fishing boat. bedara, Skr. a name given to several trees; b. China, the jujube; bnah b., (1) the fruit of this tree; (2) a name of a Malay sweetmeat. bedebah, Pers. ill-starred, accursed. bedek, membedek, to look fixedly through one eye; to aim. bedia, a spangle. bedil, Tam. ubat bedil, gunpowder. bedok, a big drum used for calling people to the mosque;= (Kedah) gendang raya. bedong, swaddling - cloth for a child. bedukang, ikan bedukang, a fresh-water fish (unid.). [ 21 ]

BEGA bega, pointing at; membega, to aim at. begak, foppish, dandified. begal, highway robbery. begap, robust; square-set. begar, Ar., stiff, hard; proud. begawan, Skr. blessed - a title given to minor deities and to heroes who have given up kingship for asceticism. begok, goitre. behina, Pers. excellent, important; tiada b., not to attach importance to; membehinakan, to pay attention to; to care about; also bena. II. very. belana, Skr. a basin; also bajan. bejar, Pers. out of humour. beka, berbeka, to gossip, to discuss. bekal, suprlies for a journey; stores; provisions; perbekalan, id. bekam, a slight bruise or discoloration of the skin; to cup with a heated glass. bekang, a kind of cake. bekas, impression, trace mark; the wrapper, garment or recep-. tacle in which a thing is contained; b. menangis, traces of weeping; b. bau-bauan, a scentbottle; b. pinang, a sireh box; b. tuboh, a keepsake garment. bekat, tightly filled up; p~noh b., id. bekil, ikan bekil, an edible marine fish (unid.). bfku, coagulated, congealed, frozen; ager b., ice; b. di-dalam hati, one's heart standing still; one's blood running cold. bekukong, ikan bekukong, a marine fish (chrysophrys calamara). bela, mfmbela, to bring up (a child); to support (a relative); BEILAMBANG to keep (a familiar spirit); to tend (a plant). bela, atonement by blood; suttee. belachan, a paste of prawns and small fish (used as a relish for curry). belachu, unbleached calico. beladau, a curved dagger. belah, splitting in two; cleaving; halving; side; sa-bMlah, a side; sa-belah sana, on that side, in that direction; sa-belah tangan, one hand; sa- bHlah menyabelah, on both sides; sa-belah kanan, on the right-hand sidesa-belah kiri, on the left-hand side. belahak, belching. belai, dalliance; belu - blai, to converse, to chatter. belajar, see ajar. bilak, mottled, as the grain of certain timbers or as spotted shabby fabrics. belak, opening out folds or creases; hording the fold open. belaka, altogether, quite. belakang, back, behind; di-belakang, in rear; subsequent; mnmbelakang, to have one's back turned to. belalah, avid, hungry as a vagrant. belalai, trunk, proboscis. b~lalak, to have a fixed look about the eyes. belalang, a generic name for grasshoppers, stick-insects, leafinsects, etc.; mata b., prominent eyes. belam, I. ch~lum - blam, over familiarity; tramping in and out of a house as though it was one's own. II. berblam-blam, indistinct as the colour of a cloud or of one fabric covered by another. belambang, a truss; a lath. [ 22 ]

BtLANAK blianak, ikan blaunak, a marine fish (mugil sp.). Belanda, Dutch; orang B., a Dutchman; negeri B., Holland; ayam B., a turkey; ayer B., mineral water; kuching B., a rabbit. belandong, too loose (of garments). belang, striped; b. chechak or b. berintek, spotted. belanga, earthenware cookingpot. belangkas, the king-crab. belania, expense; cost of sustenance; belanjakan, to expend. belantan, a club or cudgel, a truncheon. bIlantara, (Kawi) hutan belantara or rimba b., the wilds of the forest. belantek, see lantek. belar, selar - beiar, mischievous, of children. belaram, a variant of balgham, q.v. belas, I. a word utilised in forming the numerals from eleven to nineteen; it suggests that having counted all the fingers, the counter goes back (balas) counting them over again; sabelas, eleven; dua b., twelve. II. pity, mercy, sympathy; b. kasehan, id. belasah, caning, thrashing. belat, a large screen of bamboo or bUrtam used in fish-traps; fish-traps in which such screens are used. B6latl, Hind. European (of goods); imported from afar; tali B., hempen rope; tembakau B., cake tobacco, plug. belatok, a generic name for woodpeckers; also pSlatok. b6lau, I. (Dutch) blue. II. bilau BWLIA belau, blinking, shimmering; trying to the eyes. beIe. bas, a lath laid horizontally along atap; a ruler; a crosspiece in a loom. belebat, single-stick. belebau, Pen. belabouring, swishing. beeida, a sweet gruel. beledoh, see beludoh. beledok, chengkok-b~ledok, Pen. zigzag. beledu, I. Port. velvet. II. burong bgledu, a bird (unid.). belek, I. looking closely into anything, examining carefully (as a watchmaker examines the works of a watch). II. turning the upper eyelid up or the lower eyelid down. beleko, Ch. a sort of glutinous syrup. belekok, b uro ng b., a bird (Porphyrio poliocephalus). belemak, Jav. an owl. belen, a wooden pastry roller. beleng, Jav. potsherd. belengas, sticky. belenggu, shackles, fetters. belengket, linked together. belengkok, a sharp bend in a river s course. belengset, exposed (of the inside of the eyelid) as the result of injury or disease. belera, a weaver's "sword "; ular b., a sea-snake; also ular b~lerang. belerang, sulphur; asap b., sulphur fumes (used medicinally); ular b., a sea-snake. beleter, Ked. to chatter; = Mal. merepet. beli, buying; membeli, to purchase; bglian, bought. belia, Skr. muda b~lia, young and fresh; in the bloom of youth. [ 23 ]

BSLIAK biliak, exposing the whites of the eyes. bhlian, I. hantu belian, the tigerspirit in incantations. II. the billian tree. beliau, " what's-his-name," " soand - so" (when speaking of someone whose name one knows but does not wish to utter). belibis, the whistling-teal (dendrocygna javanica). belida, ikan belida, a marine fish (notopterus kapirat). beligu, Jav. the wax gourd (benincasa cerifera). belikat, the shoulder-blade. beliku, a sharp bend in a river's course. belimbing, ridged longitudinally; a descriptive name given to the leathery turtle (dermochelys coriacea), and also (buah belimbing) to a well-known fruit (averrhoa bilimbi). belin, a small edible eel (unid.). beliong, a native hatchet; puting b., a waterspout. belisah, fidgeting. belit, twining round, coiling round; membelit, to coil round. belitong, siput belitong, a shell (unid.). belodok, projecting (of the eyes). beloh, R. stupid. belohan, - balohan; v. baloh. belok, luffing; going about; turning. belok, Eng. a (pulley) block. belolok, I. the fruit of the sugarpalm. II. fallen in quantities (of fruit). belong, belah belong, an insect which makes a loud noise at night and is believed to bring bad luck; also belah belum. belongkang, a river-boat in use at Palembang. BENA belongkeng, a small edible snail. belongsong, a loth fabric. belontok, a fish (gobius viridipunctatius). belu, Jav. belu-bElai, to chatter, to converse. beluam, a mendicant's wallet. belubur, a square rice-bin. beludal, a dry, crisp native cake. beludoh, terbeludoh, filling the landscape; looming large. =Pen. beledoh. belukang, an edible marine fish. belukap, a mangrove (rhizophora muacronata). belukar, secondary jungle. belulang, a dry pelt; a patch of hardened skin. belum, not yet; not; b. pernah, never yet; s a- b e l u m, before (conjunction). belumpai, not yet; - b e I a um sampal. belungkur, ikan belungkur, a fish (unid.). belunjur, to stretch oneself. beluntas, a sea-shore shrub with lilac flowers (pluchea Indica or conza Indica). belus, free to go in and out; unobstructed; loose in a socket. belusok, ikan belusok, a fish (unid.). belut, to desert to the enemy. belut, ikan belut, an eel. bem, to puff out the cheeks. bembam, to roast in hot ashes. bemban, a tree (clinogyne grandis). bembeng, lifting a light object in the hand. bembereng, ikan b., a fish (platax vespertilio). bena, I a tidal bore. II. Anak bena N.S., the child of a raja father and commoner mother. bena, Pers. caring about; taking [ 24 ]

BtINAH to heart = behina, q.v. benah, an insect-pest; a blight. benak, I. dull,, slow of apprehension. II. marrow, brains. b~nam, terbenam, buried in sand or mud; (more rarely) immersed in water drowned. benang, thread; a thread - like line; b. mas, gold thread; b. arang, a charcoal line drawn by carpenters to guide them in their cutting or carving. benar, right, accurate; benar-lah saperti kata tuan, what you say is true; benarkan, to confirm kebinaran, verification. benara, a washerman, a dhoby. benchah, a morass; swampy. benchana, Skr. mischief-making, trouble; membenchanakan, to slander. benchang, to scull. benchi, hatred; to hate; b. dan marah dan dengki, hate, anger, and spite; benchikan or membenchikan, to hate; (rarely) to arouse hatred in another; pembenchi, a talisman or charm to cause another person to hate a third party, e.g., to cause a girl to hate a rival suitor. benda, Skr. thing, article; mata b., things of value; gems, curios. bendahara, Skr. the title of a very exalted Malay state official, usually ranking next to the heir - apparent; perbendaharan, treasury. bendahari, Hind. a treasury officer. bendala, Port. a bandolier. bindalu, a mistletoe shrub. bindang, Ked., Pk., Pen., a sketch of rice-fields; buat b., to plant padi. bendari, Hind. a sea-cook. BiNGGALA bendawat, a stay, a lashing; cordage in a ship. bendela, see bandela. bendelam, a vessel made of a coconut shell cut into two unequal parts, the smaller serving as a cover to the larger. bendera, Port. a flag; tiang b., a flagstaff. benderang, 1. terang bederang, all pervading (of brilliant light). II. tombak benderang, a spear with a tuft of horse-hair attached to it; a spear of state. benderong, a passage in a prince's audience rooms. bendi, Hind. a carriage on two wheels: a "bandy." bendi, Hind. sayur b., the okra or beni fruit; " ladies' fingers "; kachang b., id. bendir, a gong used by hawkers. bendong, a dam, a dyke. benduan, Hind. a transported convict. bendul, the beam at the threshold of a door; the threshold. beneh, seed; grain for use as seed. bengah, holding one's head up; stuck up; conceited. bengal, temporarily dull of hearing, e.g., when water gets into the ear. bengang, singing of noise in the ear. bengap, artificially dull of hearing, e.g., when cotton is put in the ear; ringing dully as a bad coin, or a human voice. bengeh, (Kedah) to hiss (of a cat). bengek, to catch one's breath; to pant. benggal, knobby, 'protuberant; b. benggul or b. benggil, id. Benggala, the presidency of Calcutta. [ 25 ]

B6NGGALI BWnggali, a native of the presidency of Calcutta. benggil, a small knob or swelling, esp. on the forehead. benggul, a large bump. bengis, cruel, heartless; kebengisan or pembcngisan, indifference to the sufferings of others. bengkah, to strike and let go one's weapon; to hit an opponent's top with one's own. bengkak, inflamed, swollen; a swelling. bengkalai, incomplete (of work, e.g., plaited mats, sewing). bengkalis, the name of a fish (unid.). bengkang, bengkang - bengkok, zigzag. bengkar, Pk. opening out (as a spring, parcel cut or grain boiled). bengkarak, unfinished; - bengkalai. b/ngkarong, the skink; mabuia. bengkawan, a lath; a numeral coefficient for ataps. bengkayang, gorged, glutted. bengkeng, angry, irritable, peevish; savage (of an animal). bingkil, a small swelling, e.g., a boil. bengkok, crooked, bent; bengkang-bengkok, zigzag. bengkong, a girdle. bengkong, crooked-cf. bengkok and bengkang. b/ngkuang, see mengkuang. bengkudu, see mengkudu. bengkunang, a name for the napoh (tragulus napo). bIngok, terbengok, with bowed head and contracted shoulders (as a man dejected). btngong, confused-cf. bingong. bengut, twisted, awry. benian, I. a coffer. II. Hind. a BItNUANG trader or merchant from India. III. Hind. a banyan or singlet. bening, clear, limpid = honing. benjil, bumpy (of the forehead). benjul, a slight bump or swelling on forehead. benta, a, small ulcer on the upper lip. bentala, Skr. the earth. bentan, relapse; the return of sickness. bentang, membentang and membentangkan, to spread out (a carpet); to pitch (a tent). bentangur, a name given to a number of trees yielding good timber (calophyllum sp.). bentar, sa - bentar, a moment; an instant; sa - bentar di - sini, sa-bentar di-sana, one moment here, another there; dengan sabentar, in a moment, at once. bentara, Skr. herald, court-marshal. bentas, to tear up and dash down; di-bWntas-nya sa-buah bukit kapada hulubalang, he tore up a hill and dashed it on the troops. benteh, to lock shins, to trip up. benteng, a fort, a battery; b. sasaran, a target. bentes, a variant of benteh, q.v. bentok, curve; a numeral coefficient for curved objects such as rings, fish - hooks, etc.; sapuloh bentok chinchin, ten rings. bentur, bending, " giving"; = lentur. benturong, the bear-cat (artictis binturong). benua, a large expanse of country; an empire; a continent; the mainland, as against an island; b. China, China; orang b., aborigines. benuang, rusa benuang, a variety L 26 ]

BtNYAI of the deer cervus unicolor; also (Kedah) genuang. Kerbau bHnuang, a variety of buffalo. benyai, insipid (of badly cooked rice). benyek, soft, through over-boiling (of rice). benyut, twisted, awry. beo, the name given (in Java) to the tiong, or mynah. bera, flushed, crimsoned, inflamed (of brown faces), dull-brown as weather-worn roof-tiles; a face-ache, neuralgia. beragan, see agan and akan. berahi, Sk. love, lustful; berahikan, to be in love with. Berahman, and Berahmana, Skr. a Brahmin. berai, cherai - berai, scattered, broken up (as a defeated army). berak, flushed-a variant of bera, q.v. berak, to ease oneself, defecate. berakah, self - important, stuck up. beraksa, I. kuda beraksa or burong bEraksa, a legendary Pegasus. II. pokok beraksa (cassia fistula); buah b., Pk. bullock's heart fruit. btram, a generic name for liquors made of fermented ricespirit. Cf. peram. beramin, bakul beramin, a basket of the " loop " pattern. b~randa, Port. verandah. berang, berang-berang, the otter (lutra sumatrana). berang, I. angry, wrath; hati Yang b., angry feelings, passion. II. ular berang, a venomous sea snake. berangai, perahu berangai, a Malay piratical craft furnished with a boarding gangway and grappling irons. berangan, I. realgar; = waran BtRGOK gan; b. puteh, white arsenical oxide. II. a generic name for oaks and chestnuts. beranggil, badly set, of broken bones. berangsang, exciting, rousing to courage. berangta, Jav. love, passion. berangti, = berangta, q.v. berani, courage, brave; batu b. or besi b., magnetic iron. beranta, see anta. berapa, how much? See apa. beras, rice (without the husk, but uncooked); cf. p adi and nasi. berat, heavy, weighty; beratnya, weight; kepala, b., heavy, dull-witted; keberatan, pregnancy; burden; memberatkan, to hinder, to handicap. berata, an idol; nmemuja b., to worship idols. berdus, corpulent, obese. berek-berek, burong berek - berek, the bay-backed bee-eater (merops sumatranus). beremban, I. Pk. a padi barn. II. the cross-bars ia a fence. berembang, pokok berembang, a seaside tree (sonneratia acida). b/remi, the native water-cress (herpestes monniera). berenang, to swim; see renang. bereng, bgreng - bereng, a small Chinese gong. berenga, larvae of insects, e.g., as visible on decayed animal matter. berengau, a musical instrument (only mentioned in ancient literature). berenggil, serrated, of a mountain range. beret, cheret - beret, continually flowing. bergok, Ar. a veil worn by female hajis. [ 27 ]

BRIRHALA berhala, an idol. bhri, mWmberi, to give, to bestow, to allow; memberi tahu, to give information of; memberi tabek, to greet, to salute; pemberian, gift, grant, dowry. beriang, the large monitor-lizard, varanus salvator. berida, Skr. veteran, experienced. beringin, the waringin tree (ficus Benjamina). berita, Skr. news, information = warta; ptmberita, a newsgiver; a newspaper. berkas, a tied bundle; a bale of otherwise disconnected objects. berkat, Ar. blessing. berkek, burong berkek (Singapore, Malacca) the snipe; = (Penang) burong tetirok. berkok, burong bUrkok, the large green pigeon (butreron capelli). B/rma, I. Skr. Brahma. II. redness, especially when caused by suffusion of blood. III. Burma; orang B., a Burmese. bernas, springing up quickly (of young plants). berniaga, to trade; perniagaan, trade, business. B~rochi, from Bharoch. biroga, ayaam beroga, a name for the jungle - fowl (gallus ferrl - gineus). berohi, arrowroot. berok, the pig - tailed monkey (macacus nemestrinus); serah b., or b. m~nghantar hasil, the mumps. berombong, funnel-shaped. berongis, terberongis, Pk. ajar. beronok, a name given to several edible sea-worms, e.g., colochirus anceps, haplodactyla molpadisides, etc. b4roti, a lath. bersat, gone astray (of food which gets into the windpipe). B8TARA b~rseh, clean, free from impurities; bersehkan, to clean. bersil, to emerge, to come suddenly into view. Cf. persil. bersin, to sneeze; jambu b., the guava fruit. bersut, scowling, frowning. bertam, a well - known palm (eugeissona tristis). berteh, to toast rice in the husk; beras b., toasted rice. beruang, the Malayan bear (ursus malaylanus). beruas, the wild mangosteen. berudu, a tadpole. beruyang, = beriang. besan, the relationship between people whose children have intermarried. besar, large, great; bari b., festival, holiday; b. hati, proud; tuan b., the head of an office; b~sarkan and minmbesarkan, to enlarge; kebesaran, grandeur, greatness; pride. beser, incontinence of urine. besi, iron; b. berani, magnetic iron; b. batang, bar iron; b. kawi, manganese; b. lantai, sheet iron; batu b., granite; pandai b., or tukang b., a blacksmith; pukul b., to shoe a horse; tahi b., rust. besing, whizzing (of a projectile). besok, to-morrow; also esok. bestari, well-bred, accomplished. besut, = bersut. besut, contract the brows; = bersut. besuta, a silken fabric from Surat. beta, Skr. slave; your servant, I. betah, convalescent, recovered. betak-betak, a skin-disease. betapa, how? in what manner? what? why? Batara, Skr. a title given in old [ 28 ]

BtTARI Java to major divinities and to reigning princes of great power. betari, a grass (sorghum saccharatum). betas, ripping open, splitting open (as seam gives way under strain). betek, buah betek, the papaya fruit (carica papaya). beteka, Ar. a plant name (citrullus edulis). beti, beti - beti, a tree (eugenia zeylanica). beti, Hind. a female slave; a palace attendant-the female of beta. betina, female, feminine (of animals), and (familiarly) of human beings; kuda b., a mare. beting, a sand bank or mud bank. betis, the leg (between knee and ankle); buah b., or jantong b., the calf. betok, I. burnt (by acids). II. the name of a fish (unid.). betong, large (in certain connections only), e.g., katak b., a large species of frog; buloh b., a large bamboo; tebu b., a large sugar - cane; and runimpt b., a large grass. betul, correct, true, straight; betulkan, to correct, to set right; membetulkan, id. betutu, an edible fish (unid.). bewak, Ked. = biawak. beza, difference; = beda. bi, Ar. with, in; bi'smi'llah, in God's name; bi-hi, on him, with him. bia, tolls, duties; bian - bian or pebian, a customs-station. biadab, Pers. disrespectful, discourtesy. biak, I. prolific, reproductive. II. N.S. muddy, slushy. biang, I. lascivious. II. biangbiut, zigzag. BIDANG biaperi, Pers. a merchant, a trader. biar, I. to permit, to allow, to let; may; no matter if; biar - lah, never mind, let it alone; biar puteh tulang jangan puteh mata, let the bones whiten but not the eyes (better death than shame), prov.; biarkan, to permit, to concede, to allow. II. chaching biar- biar, intestinal worms. bias, to be driven out of its course (of a ship); local, of showers. biasa, Skr. accustomed to; practised in; ia telah biasa dengan aku, he is an acquaintance of mine; biasa-lah tangan-ku memegang kalam, my hand became accustomed to holding a pen. biawak, a generic name for monitor and other large lizards. biaya, Skr. cost, expenses; outlay. bibi, Hind. lady, mistress; the queen in cards. bibir, lip, edge, rim; b. mata, eyelids. bibit, to carry a light object in the hand; also bimbit. bichara, Skr. opinion; discussion; deliberation; a judicial proceeding; itempat b., a police court; berbichara, to discuss, to debate about. bichu, a screw-jack. bida, a maid of honour. bidaah, Ar. deceitful, treaherous. bidadari, Skr. nymph; fairy; houri. bidai, chicks, jalousies. bidak, Ar. a pawn at chess. bidal, I. a thimble. II. a maxim. bidan, Skr. a midwife. bidang, I. spacious; a numerical coefficient for things that are [ 29 ]

BIDARA:spread out, e.g., sails, mats, etc. II. a palm-cabbage. bidara, see bedara. bidas, springing forward, of a flexible body when tension is removed. bidok, a fishing boat; kutu b., the beetles infesting ill - kept lockers, etc., in boats. biduan, Skr. a musician, a singer in a seance. biduanda, Skr. I. a royal musician. II. original inhabitants; a pagan Malay tribe. III. a royal messenger; (Johore) Malay police cadets. bidur, a slab (of tin). bighair, Ar. separate, distinct from. bijak, Sk. learned, sage, prudent; b. laksana, id.; = bijaksana. bilaksana, Skr. learned, prudent; chaste; also bijak laksana. bi an, (sesamum Indicum). bijeh, grains of alluvial tin. bill, Sk. a seed; a grain; numerical coefficient for small objects; b. mata, eyeball. bikin, to make; to do. bikir, Ar. virginity, virgin. biku, I. a saw-edged pattern, a zigzag pattern; Mal., laceedging. II. (Pali) a Buddhist priest. bila, when; apa-bila, id. (relative); bila - mana, whenever; barang-bila, as often as. bilah, a numeral coefficient for knives, chisels, daggers, hatchets, needles, etc. bilal, a weal. bilal, Ar. muezzin. bilalang, see belalang. bilang, recounting, enumeration; to repeat, to say, to tell; s a - bilang, each, every; bilangan, enumeration. tale; chukup hari bilangan, when the tale of days BINGKAS was complete; mnmbilang, to count, to number; tcrbilang, famous; talked about. bilas, I. washing in fresh or scented water after a bath in common water. II. dim of sight, owing to disease. bilau, kachau - bilau, in confusion; higgledy-piggledy, topsyturvy. bilek, room, apartment. bilis, I. mata biiis, blear - eyed. II. ikan bilis, a fish (unid.). bi'llahi, Ar. by God. biludak, u 1 a r b., a venomous snake; a viper? bilur, a scar, a weal. bimbang, anxious, uncertain, irresolute, nervous, fearful.' bimbit, to carry lightly in the hand; also bibit. bin, Ar. son of; Puteh bin Mat, Puteh, son of Mat.:inasa, Skr. ruined, destruction; ikut rasa binasa, to give way to one's passions is destruction, prov.; binasakan or membinasakan, to destroy. binatang, an animal; b. yang liar, wild animals; b. yang jinak, domestic animals. binchana, see benchana. binchang, binchang ayam, a coiled knot. binchul, a slight bump or swelling on forehead. binchut, a variant of binchul. bindu, a turning-lathe. bingas, growling, menacing (of a wild beast). bingit, uneasy; indisposed. bingka, kueh bingka, a Malay cake. bingkal, rim border; rattan binding on edge. bingkang, Pen. = bingka. bingkas, springing back (of a [ 30 ]

BINGKIS spring); rising to attention; resuming a proper position. bingkis, 1. a complimentary gift accompanying a letter; surat bingkisan, id. II. bungkus - bingkis, all kinds of parcels and packages. bingong, mazed, disconcerted; dull, muddle-headed. bini, wife (less courteous than isteri); anak b., family; berbini, to be married; berbinikan, to marry, to take to wife. binlai, the name of a common fruit-tree (mangifera coesa). bint, Ar. daughter; bintu'l-bahar, mermaid-cf. binti. bintang, a star; a heavenly body; a decoration; b. berasap or b. berekur, a comet; b. beridar, a planet; b. kebesaran, the star of an order of knighthood; berbintang - bintang, full of small holes (through which light penetrates: of a roof). bintangur, see bentangur. bintat, spots of a rash or caused by bite of insect. bintek, berbintek-bintek, covered with small spots of prickly heat. binti, Ar. daughter of; Baidah binti Hasan, Baidah, daughter of Hasan-cf. bin and bint. bintil, a stye in the eye. bintit, a small swelling (such as that caused by the bite of a mosquito). biola, Port. a violin. biong, Pk., curved-of the cutting edge of areca-nut scissors. birah, a name given to a number of aroids (chiefly wild); b. keladi (colocasia antiquorum). biram, 1. a poetic word for an elephant; b. berjuang a warelephant. II. a mythical snake with a head at both ends chinchin patah biram a puzzle-ring BODOH joining at the heads of this snake. biras, the relationship between two men who have married sisters or two women who have married brothers. birat, a scar on the mouth. birau, kachau-birau, in extreme confusion). bireh, a fence; a parapet; the gunwale of a ship-in literature only. biri, 1. kambing biri-biri, a sheep. II. sakit biri-biri, beri-beri. biring, light red or yellow (of a fighting cock). biru, I. blue. II. haru-biru, uproar. bisa, I. venom; blood - poison; ular b., a venomous snake. II. (Batavia) skill; can, able to; boleh. bisai, dandified, dainty. bisat, (Penang) tiada bisat, not to care; = tiada endah. bisek, berbisek, to speak in whispers. bisi, Skr. fast, unchaste; brbisikan, to accuse of immodesty. bising, loquacious, chatter. bismi, Ar. in the name of. Bisnu, Skr. Vishnu. bisu, dumb mute. bisul, a boil, a superficial abscess. biuku, a Callagur picta tortoise. bius, Pers. ubat bius, a stupefying drug; an anaesthetic. biut, biang-biul, zigzag. bobos, leaky through one big hole; suffering from diarrhoea. bochok, awning over a cradle. bochong, an earthenware vessel shaped like an hour-glass. bochor, leaky (not as strong as bobos). bodi, see budi II. bodoh, stupid, dull, dense; orang b., a fool; kebodohan, stupidity. [ 31 3

BODOK bodok, Eng. a gaff; a boat-hook. bodong, I. a squall. II. a lean-to. boga, I. Skr. sempana per.gam boga, a kind of pleasure boat. II. Skr. anta-boga, a great serpent. bogam, I. pieces of gold or silver leaf on a head ornament (tajok). II. great -a rare equivalent of btsar. bogang, tglanjang bogang, stark naked. bogi, Eng. k~reta bogi, a buggy, a hooded vehicle. bogil, I. Sel.=bogi. II. stark= bogang. bogok, a large black caterpillar. bogot, horrid, ugly-in the expression, hitam bogot, horridly black, (of Papuans). bohok, Pen. a puddle. bohong, lie; lying; false; bohong sa - mata - mata, altogether untrue; pembohong, a liar. bojot, very much entangled. bok, I. Jay. mother;= mbok. II. Ked., a mattress = tilam. bokcha, Turk. bag wallet. bokong, worn the wrong way; front and back interchanged. bokop, closed by inflammation (of the eyes); = bakup. bokor, a metal bowl (like a soupplate) with a flat rim, used as a stand for water-vessels. bokot, veiling, wrapping up. bol, see bul. bola, Port. a ball; a cricket ball, football billiard or tennis ball. bolak, bolak - balek, there and back; backwards and for - wards; bolak chakap, going back on one's word, prevarication. boleh, able to, can; power to; sa-boleh-boleh-nya, the best of his ability; mana b.? how can this be so? impossible; a p a BONGKAR boleh buat? what is to be done? there is an end of it. bolong, black; blue black; tarring. bolos, I. fallen off of a coiled string falling off a top; leafless; stripped of houses, furniture, clothes, feathers, hair; deprived, e.g., of a bargain. II. terbolos stumbling, e.g., into a hole. bolot, roughly or hastily wrapping up a parcel-cf. balut. bolu, Port. sponge-cake. bom, Eur. the shafts of a carriage; the boom of a ship. ~omantara, Skr. the firmament; the vault of heaven. bomba, Port. a pump; the hose of a fire-engine; a fire-engine; jura bomba kain, a dhoby. Bombai, Bombay; iembuang kaneg~ri B., to (penally) transport. bomoh, a native doctor. bonchol, a knob - like protuberance. bonda, mother (in respectful language) = ibu'nda; ayah b., parents. boneka, Port. a puppet, a doll. bonggol, a dome-shaped protuberance; a hump on camel's back; a knoll; also bongkol. bongkah, a piece, a block. bongkak, proud; arrogant. bongkal, a measure of weight for precious articles; 1 oz. approximately. bongkam, azimat penmbongkam, a drug or talisman to silence a hostile witness. bongkang, bongkang - bangking spread out to its full length (of a dead body) in contradistinction to being huddled up. bongkar, heaving up, turning up the soil, weighing anchor; b., kota, to blow up a fort; mem 32

BONGKAS bonkar, to heave up; b. sauh, to weigh anchor; b. bukit, to dig up a hillock; bongkar-bangkir, turning everything topsy turvy. bongkas, rising up (as the roots of a tree when the tree is blown down, or as the buried portion of a stake or pile when the pile is knocked down); heaved up; thrust up. bongkeng, lying forward, face downwards and knees drawn up (of a dead body). bongkok, hump-backed; b. baharu betul, " the hump - back who has just become straight" (a beggar on horse-back). prov.; b. udang slightly stooping, b. sabut much bowed; membongkok, to stoop, to humble oneself. bongkol, a hump; = bonggol. bongkong, I. bongkong kayu, a parasitic growth on the trunk of a tree; II. a Malay cake made in a wrapper of banana leaf. bonglai, a ginger used in medicine (zingiber cassumunaar). bongok, heavily built, clumsy. bongsu, younger-born. bonjol, projecting outward-cf. bujal, benjul, etc. bonyor, soft and bad, of fruit, fish, meat. bopeng, pockmarked; also mopeng. bor (Dutch), an auger. borak, I. insipid (of tobacco); also boyak. II. Ar. a mysterious flying animal; the animal upon which Muhammad made his journey to heaven. borang, Jav. a caltrop; = ranjau. ~ordu, Port. the gunwale (sometimes the hatches). boreh, a yellow cosmetic for the body. BUAH borek, spotted (with fairly large spots); ayam b., a spotted fowl. boren, a kind of coral. boria, Hind. a topical song, sung in Penang in the Muharram month. borong, wholesale; by the gross; memborong or menbeli borong, to buy up wholesale so as to command the market. boros, prodigal, extravagant. bos, the noise made by a crocodile. bosa, tali bosa, a rope attached to a ship's cable to stop it when sufficiently run out. bosan, satiety, nausea. boseta, Port. a basket. bosor, gluttonous. bostan, see bustan. bota, Skr. a goblin, an evil spirit. botak, bald of the crown. botan, the rose peony. boya, I. Port. a buoy; also bairup. II. Pen. Ked. _= buaya. boyak, weak; insipid (of tobacco); also borak. II. Pk., unwieldy of men, boats. Boyan, the isle of Bawean between Java and Borneo; orang B., a " Boyanese." buah, fruit; a spherical or nearly spherical object; a descriptive prefix or numeral co ~ efficient for objects of a more or less spherical or cubical appearance such as houses, hills, baskets, stones, countries, towns, etc.; b. chatur, chessmen; b. hati, the heart (especially as a term of endearment); b. keras, the candle-nut (aleurites moluccanus); b. Melaka, a sweetmeat of soft dough; b. p a I a, nutmeg; b. peler, the testicles; b. pinggang, the kidneys; b. timbangan, weights; anak b., (1) dependents, people under a 3 [ 33 ]

BUAI penghulu, (2) lineal descendants; buah - buahan, fruits in general, fruits of all sorts; barbuah, to bear fruit. buai, rocking, swaying, swinging (as a cradle); b rb uai, to swing; b u a i a n, a swinging cradle. bual, bubbling up; b~rbual to chatter. buana, Skr. the world, the universe; paku b., nail from which the universe hangs-a Javanese royal title; sangga b., prop sustaining the universe (a similar title); seri t;ri-buana, light of the three worlds (another title). buang, throwing away, discarding; membaang, buangkan, or mrmbuangkan, to expel, to get rid of; b. ager, to obey a call of nature; b. ager darah, dysentery; b. diri, suicide; b. ingus, to blow the nose; b. nyawa, to give up one's life; b. undi, to cast lost; champak b., a javelin; para b., a window or aperture (in a Malay house) through which rubbish is thrown out; terbuang, wasted, abandoned, discarded; anak buangan, a discarded child, a foundling. buas, wild, fierce (of animals), singa yang maha buas, a most ferocious lion; naughty, of children. buat, doing, making; berbuat or membuat, to make; buat - buat to feign; pretend, shamming; buatan, make, e.g., buatan Ing geris, of English make; perbuatan, act, deed. buaya, a crocodile; b. tembaga or b. katak, the common crocodile (crocodilus porosus); b. serunai, b. j9njulong, b. nyenyulong or b. jolong the gavial (tomistoma schlegeli); i k a n BUGIL korek telinga b., the fish (gastroceus biaculeatus); lidah b., the aloe (aloe ferox); buayabuaga, stem and stern pieces of a boat. buboh, setting, placing; membuboh or membubohkan, to lay, to affix; buboh tanda tangan, to attach one's signature; buboh chap, to seal. bubok, I. a weevil, a wood-maggot; di - makan b., worm-eaten. II. to boil in water. bubong, - bumbong. bubu, Pk. Ked. a river fish-trap of bamboo and rattan; = Mal. lukah. bubul, I. membubul, to mend (a net). II. tertiary yaws on feet. bubur, rice-broth; b. susu, rice boiled in milk. bubut, I. a name for coucals and crow-pheasants (centropus eu - rycercus and centropus bengalensis). II. the throat-halliards (in rigging); bututan, id. buchu, a corner or angle, a projection in basketry patterns. budak, a young boy or girl. budi, 1. Skr. wisdom; kindness; understanding, mental disposition; akal b., or b. bichara, id.; hilang b., loss of discretion; throwing discretion to the winds; b. bahasa, tact; berb a d i, discreet, considerate. II. Skr. the peepul-tree (ficus religiosa); daun b., the leaf of that tree (a name given to a fig-leaf-like pattern or border). budiman, Skr. wise, prudent, kind-cf. budi, I. budu, a pickle (small fish preserved in brine with their scales and entrails). bueh, foam, froth; berbueh to froth. bugil, tMlanjang b., stark naked. [ 34 ]

BUGIS Bugis, the name of a people from the Celebes. buial, projecting outward (of a navel). bulam, an envelope-shaped bag of mengkuang leaf for carrying sireh, etc. bulang, single, unmarried (used of widows, widowers, and divorced persons as well as of persons who have never been married); b. serong, a bachelor or girl single in name only. bulangga, I. Skr. a monster of the winged-dragon or wingedman type. II. an unmarried man; = bujang. bujok, I. coaxing; soothing-better, pujok. II. ikan b., a freshwater fish (scolopsis ciliatus). bujur, extension of length relative to breadth; long, straight, vertical; mnmbujur, stretching; buiur lalu, lintang patah, those that go straight get through, those that fall across (the channel) get broken (one must follow customary procedure) prov.; b. bulat, elliptical; b. telur, oval; lintang b., diagonal. buka, membuka, to open, unharness, untie, unfold or undo; b. jalan, to open out a road; b. kain, to take of one's clothing; b. layar, to unfurl sails; b. pintu, to open a door; b. pluasa, to end a fast; b. rahasia, to reveal a secret; b. topi, to take off one's hat. bukan, no, not; there is not; it is not; bukan barang - barang peremnpuan, no ordinary woman; yang bukan - bukan, that do not really exist; impossible,.wrong. bukat, troubled; disturbed (of water. BULAT bukau, N.S. wide gorge, landlocked basin. bukit, a hill; anak b., a hillock, kaki b., the foot of a hill; orang b., aboriginal tribes dwelling in the mountains; penara b., the level ridge at the crest (of a range). buku, I. a joint (in a finger, on the ankle, wrist, etc.); a knot (in wood); the lumpy or disagreeable part of anything; (by metaphor) the sting of a remark; kena b., to come across the nasty part of anything, to run up against the wrong spot; b. jari, the knuckles; b. lali ankle; b e r b uku, clotted, in lumps. II. Eng. a book. bul, globular; bubble-like; jambu b., a fruit (eugenia malaccensis). bulai, I. albino. II. = belalai. bulan, the, moon; a month; the period of gestation; sa-hari b., the first day of the month; the one-day-old moon; empat-bWlas hari b., the 14th day of the month; the full moon; b. pernama, id.; b. timbul, next month; b. terang, moonlight. bulang, I. enwinding, enwrapping; b. luar, to wrap the sarong outside the coat or over trousers; membulang taji, to bind on the spurs of a fighting-cock. II. generic name for a number of thorny shrubs (canthium sp., etc.); bulangan, id. III. b u - lang - baling, rolling over and over; a name given to chainshot. bular, whitish discoloration of the eye; buta b., blind with such discoloration. bulat, round; smooth of surface; free from angularities; b. bujur or b. panjang, [ 35 ]

BULI elliptical; b. p i p e h, flat and round (as a coin); b. torak, cylindrical; kayu b., round logs stripped of branches; masak b., cooked whole; pusat b., the centre of a circle; shluar b., pyjamas; telanjang b., stark naked; sa-bulat-bulat, altogether; dengan sa-bulat-bulat hati, with my whole heart; N.S. kebiulatan, unanimity. buli, buli-buli, a small flask or bottle. bulir, I. anak bulir, a bastard. II. ear (of padi); cluster. buloh, bamboo; a generic name for many bamboos; b. bangsi, a reed pipe; b. perindui, (1) a sort of Jew's harp; (2) a singing bamboo of legend; sa-perdu b., a clump of bamboo. bulu, wool; feathers; the hair of the body; b. kIning, the eyebrows; b. landak, the quills on a porcupine; b. liang ronza, the fine hairs on the body; b. roma, id.; b. tengkok, the mane (of a horse); ulat b., the hairy caterpillar; hati berbulu, angry. bulugh, Ar. maturity, puberty. bulur, starvation; mati b., to die of hunger. bumbong, the ridge of a roof; roof-like; bumbongan, a roof; tulang bumbong, the ridge-pole; berbumbong or mnembumbong, to swell up, to describe a trajectory. bumbu, Jav. condiments;- rempah. bumbun, I. a hut in which a hunter hides when decoying game. II. over-filled as a plate with rice. bumi, Skr. the earth; the soil; the ground; jatoh ka-bumi, to BUNTAL fall to the ground; petala b., the folds or layers of which the earth is said by Malays to be formed; mangku - bumi, a regent. bun, I. (Dutch) a metal pail. II. sa - tali, bun, a string (of pantuns). bunchis (Dutch), French beans. bunchit, corpulent, round, of the stomach. bundar, rounded, globular, e.g., of breasts. bunduk, Ar. bastard. bunga, a flower; an ornamental pattern or design; b. a p i, sparks, fireworks; b. ayer mawar, the rose; b. karang, a coralline sponge; b. kuku, the base (of the finger nail); b. pala, mace; b. rampai, flowerpetals mixed with scented leaves; b. wang, interest on money. bungar, bungaran, first fruits. bungkus, rolling up a thing; bungkusan, a bundle, package; nembungkus, to make up a parcel. bungsil, a very young coconut (used as a plaything by children). buni, orang bunian, invisible eleves (of the forest). bunoh, killing; erasing; mem - bunoh, to kill; to put an end to; mati di-bunoh, murdered; destined to a bad end; pembunoh, a murderer; pembunohan, killing; slaughter. buntak, stumpy; beamy (of a boat). buntal, a generic name for fish that distend their bodies with air when caught (b. pisang, tetrodon lunartis b. batu, tetrodon fluviatalis). [ 36 ]

BUNTANG buntang, I. starting out of the head (as the eyes of the man who is being strangled). II. a weaver's rod. buntar, dome -shaped; roughly hemispherical; b. bagang - ba - yang, round, of shadows at noon. buntat, a gall-stone; a petrified substance found in animal or vegetable substances; a bezoar. buntil, a clothes-bag. bunting, pregnant; b. sarat, advanced pregnancy. buntu, Jav. filled of a well, cutting or belly. buntul, the ring on a keris sheath. buntur, sated with food, glutted. buntut, the posterior; the stern; the fundament; the base of a sheath. bunut, hujan bunut, very beavy rain. bunyi, sound, noise; meaning, accent, intonation; demikian bunyi - nya, of the following tenor; bunyi - bunyian, strains of music; brbunyi, to sound; membunyikan to enunciate, to pronounce. bupatt, Skr. a Javanese title; lord of the earth. bura, spitting out; ejecting; pillorying; ular naga b., a snake (probably naia sputatrix, the black cobra). burai, gushing out (as entrails). burhan, Ar. demonstration, proof. buri, Jav. back, behind; di-buri, in rear. burit, posterior, stern; buritah, the stern of a ship; memburit, to commit an unnatural offence. burj, Ar. castle; sign of the zodiac. burok, worn, decayed (of vegetable and manufactured articles, BUTANG but not of animal matter - cf. busok); burokkan, to wear out. burong, a bird; b. dewata, the bird of paradise; tembak b., bird-shooting. buru, hunting, the chase; memburn, to hunt; pemburu, hunter; hantu pimburu, the wild huntsman, an evil spirit; perburuan, sport, the game hunted; anjing pemburilan, huntingdogs. burun, kambing burun, the serow (nemorrhoedus swettenhami). burut, hernia, rupture, hydrocele. busana, Skr. raiment, ornamental dress. busar, a bow, an arc; the bow for cleaning cotton; saperti kapas di-busar, like cotton after cleaning (pure white), prov.; saperti busar Ranjuna, like the bow of Arjuna (a simile for a beautiful arm); also busur. busi, Hind. rice-bran. busok, decayed (of animal matter); putrid, stinking; ban b., a bad smell; hati b., a bad disposition; naina b., an extremely bad name. busong, dropsical inflammation; b. darah, an aneurism. bustan, Pers. a garden; a pleasaunce. busur, a bow = busar. busut, an ant-hill. buta, I. blind; b. larangan, myopia; b. tuli, blind and deaf; pukul b. tuli, striking recklessly; membuta, (vulg.) to sleep soundly. II. see bota. III. butabuta, a tree (cerbera odollam). IV. China b., (corruption of a Skt. word) a muhallil. butang, Eng. a button; b. dasi, a stud. [ 37 ]

BUTIR CHAKANG butir, a grain, particle; a numer- buyong, a round-bottomed earthal co-efficient for small round enware water-jar. objects (such as gems). buyut, flabby of flesh; perit b., butoh, the penis. flabby obesity. butu, = butoh. Ch cha, Hind. tea. chabai, Skr. long pepper (piper longum). chabak, torn, e.g., of the skin. chabang, bifurcation; the main branches of a tree; bgrchabang, forked (as the tongue of a snake); besi tiga ch., a trident. chabar, faint-hearted. chabek, torn; rent; chobak-ch., tattered; chabek-chabekkan, to tear to tatters. chabir, tearing, torn; chobar-ch., torn about all over. chabit, a variant of chabek, q.v. chabok, I. Pers. a whip; II. a syphilitic ulcer (especially in the lower leg). chabul, outrageous behaviour; licentious violence; unseemly language; berbuat ch., to commit an outrage (especially rape); tninchabuli, against (a person or place). chabut, plucking out; a royalty; ch. lanr "to clear off, bolt"; mignchabut, to pull out; to drag out; to uproot; thrchabut, pulled out; drawn (of a knife). chacha, a formula for reducing to submission. chachah, I. pricking a pattern; berchachah, tattooed. II. a Malay soup. chachak, implant; sticking in the ground; ch. lari (slang), to make a bolt of it; terchachak, erect, of a pole, an animal's tail. chachar, small -pox; ch. ayer, measles or chicken-pox. chachat, a flaw, a defect, a ble mish; chachatkan, to find flaws in, to criticize adversely. chachau, to confuse, disorder. sail. chachi, a lever used to roll up a sail. chachil, small for its purpose. chaching, a worm; ch. pipel, the tape-worm. chadang, reliance; a stand-by; a reserve fund or war-chest; chadangkan, to deposit as security; chadangan, I. deposit, pledge. II. a proposal, a suggestion. chadar, Hind. a sheet. chaeng, picked to pieces; minced. chagak, the swivel of a swivelgun (lela). chagar, relying; trusting; a Malacca form of mortgage in which the mortgagee is given the usufruct of land in lieu of interest; chagarkan, to deposit as security. chagu, a disease of the toes. chagut, I. Jav. the chin. II. = pagut. chah, an interjection; a cry for hurrying on buffaloes. chachar, diarrhoea, purging; penchahar purgative. chahari, to seek-v. chari. chahaya, Skr. lustre, brilliancy, glow; ch. mata, light of the eyes (a term of endearment); br - chahaya, to glow, to shine. chakah, wide (of an angle); obtuse. chakang, forming a very open curve, e.g., of horns. [ 38 ]

CHAKAP chakap, to speak; to undertake; berchakap, to speak; p / r - chakapan, speech, utterance; ch. angin, empty boasting. chakar, scratching; ch. balar, scratched all over; menchakar, to scratch (as a fowl). chakera, Skr. a discus, a quoit. chakerawala, Skr. the revolving vault of heaven. chakok, indirect (of a blow); given at a curve; golok ch., a curved chopper. chaku, pisau ch., a pocket-knife. chakup, catching in the open mouth (as a dog catches a biscuit). chakus, menchakus, to carry a burden suspended from a stick that rests on the shoulder. chalak, I. likely to take place. II. Pk. affectation; airs; smartness. III. ch. gobek, pestle of areca- nut pounder. IV. doorlatch. chalar, a long scratch on the skin; berchalar, scratched. chaling, cholak-ch., or cholangch., in a tangle, in disorder. chalit, smearing, smudging. chalong, I. a small ladle; a metal cup used for rubber latex. II. pisau ch., a small knife resembling a pisau wali. chalu, Hind. the run of a steamer. cham, recognition by sight; chanikan, to recognise. chamar, burong ch., a sea-gull; also chenchamar. chamau, a generic name for treedracoenas. chambai, a coarse leaf used as inferior sireh. chambang, whiskers; ch. bank, a full beard. chamchah, Hind. a spoon. champah, insipid, tasteless. champah, = chapai. CHANDAL champak, I. discarding; champakkan, to throw away, e.g., a cigar-end. II. measles. champang, sculling or paddling from the bows of a boat. champin, Pen., bad of material used, not of appearance. champing, chompang-ch., tattered at the edge; torn. champong, shattered at a stroke (as man, or tree struck by lightning). champur, mixing, mingling; ch. baur, utterly mixed up; in confusion; ch. gaul, id.; champuran, components of a mixture; champurkan, to mix; berchampur, in solution with; mixed with. chamti, see chemeti. chan, Ch. a Chinese conical basket. chanai, to whet; smoothing or polishing or grinding by means of a roller; keris baharu dic hanai, a newly sharpened keris. chanang, a gong with a shallow rim and no hemispherical knob in it; chanangkan, to proclaim by beat of gong. chanar, a generic name for the plants known as smilax. chanchang, terchanchang, sticking up, rising to a point (as certain forms of native headdress). chanda, I. ta'chanda to care nothing about; = ta'indah. II. the strip of wood at the stern of a boat to which a rudder is attached. III. a variant of senda, q.v. IV. chanda - kia N.S. slanderer. V. chanda-peti, a secretaire; a box divided into compartments; a cabinet. chandal, I. difficult;= sukar. II. Hind. loose, foul - mouthed, ri [ 39 ]

CHANDAN bald. III. jarring; = janggal, q.v. chandan, a variant of chendana. chandang, berani chandang, not knowing when one is beaten; obstinately courageous. chandat, a kind of hook with several unbarbed points sticking out in different directions (it is used to fish up sunken cables; or, in small size, for catching cuttle-fish). chandek, I. a recognised concubine of a prince-as distinct from an inferior wife (gundek) or casual mistress (ja mah - jamahan). II. a fixed riverine purse-net. chandi, I. Jav. a monument; a memorial pillar or building. II. Tam. (Pen.) incorrigible (of a horse ). III. Tam. (Pen.) a street corner prostitute. chandit, that extremity of a native anchor to which the cable is not attached. chandong, parang chandong, a chopper in which the handle and blade are in one piece and not fastened together. chandu, prepared opium. chang, I. carrying pick-a-back. II. Ch. a square lift- net. III. (Kedah) panniers for an elephant. changak, to look round hastily (as a frightened man). changap, a notch or dent for fitting together two pieces of wood. changgah, a forked punting-pole (used for propelling a boat upstream by pushing against treeboughs, snags, etc.). changgai, metal nail - protector (worn as an ornament). changgal, R.J. - changgai Ked. changgek, chonggang-changgek, CHANTUM an up and-down bobbing motion (such as that of a Chinese kowtowing). changgong, I. inharmonious; incongruous; out of place; unnatural. II. a snag in a river. III. astonishment; better chengang. changip, chungap-changip, panting, out of breath. changit, chongak - changit, restless up - and - down movements (of the head). changkal, deep (of water). changkat, I. a low hillock; a piece of rising ground. II. a shallow. changkeh, uneven, irregular; chongkah ch., all ups and downs; all crooked. changking, lifting up (by seizing a boy's elbows and raising him in the air). changkir, I. a small glass cup of Arab make. II. chongkar-ch., of all sizes and shapes (as the component parts of a heap of firewood). changkis, Pen., Ked.=changkeh. changkok, a crook; a hook, e.g., at the end of an elephant goad. changkong, squatting. changkul, a hoe used for digging. changkup, scooping with the palm of the hand. changok, menchangok, to sit with curving neck (as a hawk on a bough). chantas, to sever by a single blow from a heavy cutting instrument; lopping, pruning. chantek, pretty, good - looking; neat, nicely got up; well-groomed. chanting, a sort of bamboo bucket (used for getting water out of a ship's well). chantum, berchantum, folding [ 40 J

CHAP again as birds' ruffled feathers; joined as a collar by a pin. chap, Ch. printing; "chopping"; a Chinese chop or seal for use with ink; chapkan, to print; perkakas ch., apparatus for printing; a press; tukang ch., a printer; ch. batu, lithography; ch. timah, printing in metallic movable type. chapa, a plant (blumea balsamifera). chapah, a rough unpainted washtub (of Burmese make), a wooden plate. chapai, to grasp; to attain to; to reach; to grip; menchapai, id.; hendak menchapai bulan, to wish to get hold of the moon (a proverbial description of mad ambition). chapak, to overlook unintentionally; to slight deliberately. chapal, Hind. a leathern sandal. chapang, wide of nostrils. chapek, lame, limping, halt. chapiau, Port. a hat; ch. lipat, a cocked hat, a panama hat. chaping, a metallic plate (used to cover the nudities of a very young female child). chapok, in insult by exposing the private parts. chapul, Ked. =chabul. chara, way, custom, manner, style, wise; memakai chara perempuan, to dress as a woman; ch. China, in the Chinese language or in the Chinese way. charang, the minor boughs and branches of a tree. charbi, Hind. grease used for lubrication. charek, tearing; a rent; chorakcharek, frayed, tattered; charekkan, to tear up; mgncharekcharek, id. chari, seeking for; looking for; CHEBAI charikan, to search fort anything; menchari, to seek, N.S. seek a livelihood; perempuan nenchari, (Penang) a prostitute; pencharian, a source of livelihood. charok, a runnel; a running ditch; the puncturing of a gutta tree. charum, bercharum, Pen. to club together. charut, obscene language; mencharut, to use obscene language. chat, Ch. paint; sapu ch., to paint; the process of painting. chatang, Ch. a rattan-basket-cosy. chatok, I. the blow of a pick; the peck of a bird. II. sitting bolt upright. III. = /4 leng, a measure of capacity. chatu, Pen. doling out. chatur, Skr. chess; main ch., to play chess; buah ch., chessmen; tapak ch., chequered; loh ch. or papan ch., a chess-board. Chaul, k a i n Ch., cloth from Chaul. chaung, sunken - of the cheeks (through loss of teeth). chaus, thin by emaciation. chawak, I. a dimple. II. a leash. chawan, Ch. a tea-cup. chawang, bifurcation, branching off; a branch, chawangan kedat, a branch shop-cf. chabang. chawat, a loin-cloth; berchawat, to wear as a loin-cloth is worn; to wear a loin cloth; kemudi ch., a rudder (on European lines). chawis, Jav. ready, prepared. chayer, thin (of liquids); watery; lumpur ch., very watery mud; Cbubur ch., thin broth. che', "Mr."-a title given to otherwise untitled Malays. chebai, chebek-chebai, pouting. [ 41 1

CHEBAK chebak, to excavate (in quarry work); digging out by side-long blows; penchfbak long-handled spade. chebek, chgbek-chebai, pouting. chebis, sa - chebis, a tatter, a shred. chebok, a coconut scoop with handle thrust through the shell; ladling up water with this scoop; cleansing from foecal defilement; ta' berchebok, a term of abuse; "dirty beast." chebur, plunging heavily into water or flame; mrnch~burkan diri, to plunge, to cast oneself into; tWrchebur, ruined. chichah, dipping (a pen into ink, bread into gravy); sa-chechah, a moment; also chichah. chechak, I. bglang ch., speckled. II. see chichak. chechap, touching (food) with the finger and then applying the finger to the lips; tasting. checher, dropping away in driblets; berchecheran, id. Also chichir. chedas, I. to smooth a plait lty passing a rattan over it. II. fit, after illness. chidera, Skr. a flaw, a defect; mendatangkan ch., to reflect upon someone, to injure (somebody's) reputation. cheding, I. thin and out of condition. II. ch. padi, Pk. aftermath of rice-fields. chedok, sunken (of the cheeks and eyes). chedok, baling up; lading up. chega, wary, cautious. chegak, erect; =- tegak. chEgar, a rapid; a water-race. chigok, sa-chegok, a gulp; = sategok. cheh, fie I! chkah, split open; splitting CHiKUR under pressure (as a mangosteen); cf. chekeh. chekak, I. holding between the thumb and forefinger; sa-chekak, a pinch; berchekak pinggang, with arms akimbo. II. reliable (of a workman). chfkal, strength,.resisting-power. chekam, a sharp -pointed stick (used for making holes in the ground for hill - padi cultiva - tion); sakit ch., a festering sore under a toe-nail; tilam ch., a mattress stabbled and sewn, i.e., tufted. chekang, tight; tightly stretched; taut; rangak ch., a shell (pteroceras chiragra). chekap, skilful, expert; kerja suatu ta'boleh chekap, he is no good for any work. chekar, Hind. hard a-port or hard a-starboard (of the steering-wheel). chekau, (1) clutch at, (2) N.S., to seize, e.g., runaway horse. chekeh, cracked by pressure; slightly split-cf. chekah. chfkek, mench~kek leher, to seize by the throat; to garotte; mati terchekek, death by choking; chekek kedadak, violent vomiting (invoked as a curse on an enemy). chekel, stingy, miserly. Cf. kekel. cheki, Ch. small Chinese playingcards; " chicky-cards." chekit, to pick away small morsels; to pick to pieces. chekok, to force food down a child's throat; ch.-chekek, the struggle for breath by a choking man. chfku, denting with the fingernail. chfkup, covering with the hands. chekur, a medicinal plant. (koempferia galanga). ( 42 3

CHtKUT chikut, to pick up between the tips of the thumb and three fingers. chela, censuring, blaming; finding fault chela - menchela, to abuse; nama yang kechelaan, a bad name. cheladang, Pen., a square basket for padi. chelaga, I. soot, fine cinders (adhering to a torch). II. chelaga kemudi, the tiller. chelah, crevice, fissure, crack, cleft; c h. b a t u, the space between two boulders; c h. dinding, a crevice in a wall; ch. gigi, the line between adjoining teeth; ch. gunong, a gully or ravine; ch. jari, the space between two fingers. chelak, antimony - powder (used to darken the fringe of the eye). chelaka, ill-starred; ill-omened; bringing bad luck; a term of abuse; orang ch., a scoundrel; yang terlalu besar chelaka kulihat, the greatest infamy of all that I saw. chl1akuti, Tam. betel - nut scissors; - kachip. Ked. kelati. chelam, (onom.) chelum-chelam, stamping; tramping. chelana, trousers (loose above but tight round the calf). chelap, (onom.) chelup - chelap, the sound of splashing. chelapah, soiling, dishonouring. chelapak, astride; sitting on the fork; sitting astride; also chelepak. chelapek, a preparation of dried fish and herbs. chelari, kain chelari, a thin fabric of shining silk with gold thread. chl!aru, Ked. disorderly, confused. chelas, chelus-chelas. the sound CH1tLUP of a man coming in and out; free, familiar. chelatu, the flying ant; better kelekatu. chele, kain chele, a cloth fabric imported from Southern India. cheledang, cheledang - cheledok, a swaggering, rolling gait (affected by abandoned women). cheledok,-s.v. chiledang. cheleguri, a shrub (clerodendron disparifolium); also seleguri. chl!eh, idle, lazy, sluggish. chelek, lifting the eyelid; seeing; si-bita baharu chelek, a blind man who sees for the first time (a beggar on horseback), prov. chelempong, a musical instrument, a set of gongs. cheleng, I. Jav. a pig; = babi; ch. alas, a wild pig, = babi hutan. II. R. J. closed moneybox. chelengap, agape; open-mouthed. chelengkang, ch. - chelengkok, moving in curves or waves. chelengkok,-s.v. chelengkang. chilepa, a round (Pk.) or octagonal (N.S.) watch - like box for tobacco, suspended by chain from belt or kerchief. chelepak, sitting astride; = chelapak. chel6pek, (onom.) the sound made by mud bespattering a surface. ch6lepok, (onom.) the sound of a heavy mass of mud falling on anything. chilichi covetous. chilis, chopping into small pieces. chelomis, weak, sickly. chelong, a sort of elephant trap. chelum, (onom.) ch. - chIlam, tramping, stamping. chilup, steeping in; dyeing; dichelup merah, dyed red; ch&liipkan, to dip, to (lye. [ 43 ]

CHtILUPAR chelupar, garrulous. Cf. chupar. chelur, immerse in boiling liquid; scalding, e.g., fowl to remove their feathers. chelus, coming in and out familiarly; slipping on and off readily (of a ring); ch.-chelas, free, familiar. chelut, penchelut, a thief. chemar, I. pollution, dirt; bIrchemar kaki, to dirty one's feet, i.e., to take vigorous measures. II. a variant of chamar, q.v. chemara, Skr. a pendant of horsehair (under the blade of a spear); a yak-tail; a chignon; kagu ch., a name sometimes given to the casuarina. chemas, I. anxiety, nervous; jangan-lah ch., don't be nervous. II. almost. ~chemat, I. fastening together with a pin or spike; fastening ataps. II. towing; tali penchemat, a tow-rope. III. N.S. to beat, whip. chembul, a casket; a small box; laksana chembul dengan tutupnya, like a casket and its cover (exactly suited one to another), prov. chemburu, suspicious, jealous. chmeingkian, a fruit (used medicinally as an aperient). chemer, extremely dim-sighted; nearly blind. chimerlang, glittering, radiant. chEmeti, Tam. a whip. chemidu, nervous; self - con - scious. ch/mok, I. a pod; II. Ked. to quarrel. III. to hit out at in fun with a stick = r6mbas. chimpa, Sk. Pen. bunga chgmpa, the chempaka flower; chempa raya, id. chempaka, Skr. the champak tree (rmichelia, champaca); ch. birn, CHtNCHANG the frangipanni (plumiera acutifolia). chempana, a litter; also jempana. chempedak, a jack - fruit (artocarpus polyphema); ch. ayer (artocarpus Maingayi). chempelek, pitch and toss. chempelong, (onom.) the sound of a heavy body falling plump into water. chemperai, a generic name given to a number of sea-shore shrubs, notably champereia Griffithii and cansjera Rheedii. chemperling, the tree - starling (calornis chalybeins); mata ch., very red eyes; also perling. chempiang, a gang-robbery. chemping, sa - chemping, a very small bit; a morsel. chempong, carrying between both arms (as a bale of firewood is carried). chemuas, dirty of the face (after a meal); greasy. chemuchup, love-grass; burrs. chemus, sick of, sated withstronger than jemu. chena, old and hardened (of a fighting-cock); muda ch., arrived at puberty. chenaku, (Patani) a were-tiger. chenangau, a malodorous flying bug very destructive to padi. chenangga, Skr. a birth-mark; a congenital deformity. chenangkas, a heavy cutlass. chenayang, the medium or interpreter at a berhantu, s6ance (Kedah). chenchala, a Kedah name for the fantail fly - catcher (rhipadura, spp.); elsewhere murai gila. chenchalok, a relish made of small prawns. chenchang, slashing, slicing, chopping, mincing. Also chinchang. [ 44 ]

CHEiNCHARU chencharu, a fish (c a r a n x boops); also jaru-jaru. chenchawan, the socket of the knee; minyak ch., the oily matter in the patella. chencheng, running as hard as one can; tearing away. Cf. kengkeng. chenchodak, the Kedah and Penang name for the fish belone strongylura; elsewhere todak. chenchurut, the musk - rat; tikus turi. chendala, Skr. harlot, profligate; immodest. chendana, Skr. sandal - wood (santalum album). chendawan, a generic name for poisonous fungi (mostly agarici); mabok ch., poisoned by fungi; (by metaphor) love-sick -of a woman. chendayam, fair; beautiful. chend/6ra, I. Skr. a race of fairies. II. deep (of sleep); = nyedar. chCnderai, a generic name given to several plants, viz., one croton (c. argyratis) and three grewia. chenderamulia, Skr. a tree bearing an edible fruit (unid.). chenderasari, a bird (unid.). chenderasuri, a tree (unid.). chenderawaseh, the bird of paradise. chindierus, (Penang) removing rancidity from oil. chendorong, declivitous of a track down to a river. Also chenorong, chenderong, chnMerong. chenduai, minyak ch., oil made from a flower and used for enticing women by magic art. Also ch~nuai. chendu, a kind of thin broth with cakes of dough floating in it. CHENGKOK chenela, Port. a slipper. chengal, the name of a tree (balanocarpus maximus): Ked., Pk. chengai = Pah., N.S. penak. chengang, terchengang, bewildered with surprise. chengeng, whining continually (of young children). chenggek, berchenggek, to perch; - bertenggek. chengi, a nasal twang. ch6ngis, stinking, of a strong scent, rotten fruit. chengkam, gripping between finger and thumb. chengkang, I. wakeful, sleepless. II. barring the passage - cf. sengkang. chengkarok, a sweetmeat made of boiled rice. chengkau, = chekau. chengkeh, the clove-spice (eugenia caryophilla); buah ch., a clove. chengkeh, K. walking on the side of one's foot. chengkek, thinner at the centre than at the extremities (of a post). chengkelat, sengkelat. ch6ngkeling, = sengkeling. chengkera, hollow-eyed; sleepless-looking. chengkeram, earnest money, an advance. chengkerek, a cricket; beradit ch., to make crickets fight. chEngkereng, I. a tree (erythrina stricta). II. an abscess. chengkerma, Skr. moving over an area; spreading as news; wandering. chengki, Ch. a run of luck; good luck. chengkok, I. twisted; ch. beledok, zigzag. II. a leaf-monkey (semnopithecus femoralis or s. cristatus). [ 45 1

CHtNOKOLONG chengkolong, withdrawing a small amount from a large; drawing on a deposit. chengkong, sunken (of the eyes). chengkuas, shaggy, unkempt. chengkul, twisted, deformed, of the arms. chengkurai, I. (? from Skt. kurai) a silk fabric. II. berchengkurai, crumbling to fragments, breaking up into pieces. chengong, gazing in open-mouthed astonishment-cf. chengang. chenok, minyak chenok, a vegetable oil obtained from the tree diplocnemia sebifera; also minyak kawang. chenok, burong chenok, a malkoha (ramphococcyx eryth - rognathus or rhopodytes sumatranns). chenong, to look fixedly at anything. chenonot, ch. agam, " parson's nose" in fowl; tulang ch., the coccyx. chenorong, v. chendorong. chentayu, j]ntayu. chentong, I. a ladle (of bamboo with a handle rising vertically up from it. II. an erectile tuft of feathers on a bird's head; an erectile crest. chenuram, sloping, steep -cf. churam. chepat, speedy, quick; rapid. chepeh, soft and pendent (of buffalo horns) or of a broken arm. cheper, a metal saucer or.plate on which a bowl (batil) rests. chepoh, club-footed. chepu, a flat round box of wood (used as a receptacle for toilet requisites) or of metal, for betel; chepu - chepu, the truck of the mast; puting chepuchepu, the foot of the mast. CHtRDEK chepua, a blush of shame; a guilty look. cherabah, ugly (of a child). cherachak, sticking up in points. cherachap, Malay castanets (bamboos beaten against each other). cherah, clear, unobstructed (of the view); ch. chuacha, clear daylight. cherai, severance, separation, divorce; bercherai, to separate from; to be divorced from; cheraikan, to separate (one person from another); ch. - berai, broken up, scattered (of a defeated army). cherakin, a sort of Malay medicine chest. cheramah, talkative-cf. ra - mah. cherana, Skr. a salver on which are placed the various vessels used for holding the requisites for betel-chewing; menyorongkan ch., to pass round this salver to allow guests to help themselves. cheranchang, lying points up-wards. cherang, a clearing in the forest; ch. rimba. id. cheranggah, branching into points; rusa bercheranggah, a deer of many tine. cherani, a rich cloth. cherat, a plug-hole. cheratok, squatting, perched in a row (as birds on a telegraphwire). ch6rawat, Skr. an arrow of fire. chercha, Skr. abuse, insult, reviling; kena ch., to be reviled. cherchak, I. slightly pockmarked-cf. chechak. II. = charcha. cherdas, I. foolish cunning. II. a buffalo-whip. ch6rdek, cunning; sharp-witted; [ 46 ]

CHEREK bright; intelligent; mendatangkan ch., to sharpen the wits. cherek, a, kettle; a vessel for boiling water. cheret, diarrhoea; looseness of the bowels; ch. beret, to run continuously. chirewet, nagging. chergas, reliable (of work); energetic. cheri, Hind. getang cheri, a bangle. cheri, a gong the sides of which slope inwards. cheria, I. Skr. fidelity. II. cleared, brightened (of the countenance). cheridawan, cries; shouts in unison; vocal music; chorus singing. cheriga, I. being on one's guard; wary, watchful. II. a cutlass; a broad-bladed short sword or dagger. chering, testing breaking strength of string. cherita, I. Sk. story, a narrative; ch. zaman dahulu, a tale of old times. II. (onom.) bercherita, to twitter (of the magpie robin). cherlang, shining, resplendentcf. chemerlang. charmai, a tree (phyllanthus distictouis); it yields a small round acid fruit. chermat, care; neat, neatness in appearance or dress. chermin, a mirror; ch. mata, the pupil of the eye; an eye-glass; ch. teropong, the lens of a telescope. cherna, Skr. assimilated, digested. cheroboh, rough, rude, coarse, violent, vulgar. ch6roh, a second pounding of rice (to whiten it). ch<rok, I. a corner; an out-of-the way part of the room where CHEWE things are placed that one does not need; the space under a wardrobe or between it and the wall; a hidden nook. II. a bamboo funnel used in milking. cherpelai, Tam. the imported Indian mongoose. cherpu, Tam. sandals, clogs; bawah ch., position beneath the sandals (of a prince), the position of a subject-cf. kaus and duli; menjunjong ch., to acknowledge the rule of a prince. cherubah, a (Kedah) weapon. cheruchup, burrs, love-grass. cherup, to lap up water; the sound of lapping water. cherut, I. tight compression strangling; the sensation caused by tight clothes or boots; mencherut, to constrict. II. cheroot; also cherutu. cherutu, Tam. a cheroot. chetai, berchetai-chetai, tattered. chetak, the wooden cases in which type is kept; the work of a compositor; Pen. a cakemould; chetakan, edition. chetek, shallow; elmu-nya ch., his learning was shallow. chetera, I. Skr. payong ch., an umbrella with a hanging fringe. II. Skr. a story; = cherita. cheteri, Hind. tent, awning, canopy. cheteria, Skr. a kshatriya; a member of the princely or warrior caste; a warrior. cheti, Tam. a chetty; a moneylender. chetus (onom.), chetus api, to strike a light. Cf. chentup, Ked. chewe, Ter., Pah., Pat., Kel. a paivang name for four - footed animals and snakes, esp. at sea; ch. mengaum a tiger, ch. deras a deer. [ 47 ]

CHI chi, Ch. a measure of weight used in weighing opium; a tenth of a tael. chiak, a sparrow; a finch. chiar, crying continually (of a child). chiau, I. Pen. terchiau, disarranged (of dress). II. Ch. a long oar (worked standing). chichah, steeping; dipping (e.g., food into gravy) so as to saturate; also chechah. chichak, a lizard; also chechak. chichek, Pen. feeling a strong aversion to; looking upon with disgust. chichit, great-grandchild. chika, colic. chikar, see chekar. chikil, see chekel. chiku, the sapodilla. chili, chili; red pepper. China, Chinese; orang ch., a. Chinese; negeri Ch. or benua Ch., China; ch. buta, the muhallil or intermediate husband necessary to make the re-marriage of divorced persons legal; main Ch. buta, blind man's buff; lada Ch., capsicum (piper chaba), also called chabai; bunga Ch., a name given to gardenias and sometimes to cultivated varieties of the ixora. chinchang, see chenchang. chinchau, Ch. a cold sweet jelly. chinchin, a finger-ring. chinchu, Ch. the owner's agent on a ship. chinda, great-grandson; a polite variant of chichit. chindai, (? = from Sind) kain ch., a silk fabric made by the tie-and-dye process. chingam, a sea-shore plant (scyphiphora hydrophyllacia). chinta, Skr. loving desire; regret; longing; berchinta, to be CHOBAR in love; berchintakan, to pine for; perchintaan, sorrow, regret. chintamani, Skr. (the Hi n d u philosopher's stone) a fabulous gold-yellow snake, the finding of which betokens good fortune in love; ular ch. gajah, a name given to light forms of the viper lachesis wagleri. chinting, Ch. a customs officer. chipai, a monkey (semnopithecus melalophos). chipan, I. a battle-axe. II. Pk. a tapir. chiri,? Pali, the coronation formula used in certain Malay States. chirit, a variant of cheret, q.v. chis, fudge-stronger than cheh. chita, I. Skr. feeling, emotion; suka - chita, joy; duka - chita, sorrow; menchita, to fix one's thoughts upon a talisman in order to get its magical aid; to call into existence by willpower. II. Port. kain chita, chintz. chiu, I. a state cushion; a mat for a royal divan. II. Ch. spirituous liquor. chium, to smell; to kiss (in the Malay way); menchium, id.; penchium, the sense of smell. chiup, a bladder made by blowing out of a fowl's crop. choba, attempting, trying, testing; " please," " just "; choba tanya kapada guru, please ask the teacher; chobai, to hold a test; chobakan, to put to the test; penchoba, a trial or test. chobak, chobak-chabek, tattered or torn at the edge; frayed. choban, a needle of horn of bamboo used in embroidery, sail-making, etc. chobar, tattered, torn; ch.-chabir, much torn. [ 48 1

CHOBEK chobek, sa-chobek, a pinch. chobis, sa - chobis, a splinter, a fragment from the edge. chodak, menchodak, to hold the head aloft (as a swimming snake). choek, a soup-plate or bowl of Chinese make. chogan, Pers. an ensign-better jogan; a portent in the heavens; Pah., a trowel - shaped royal spear. chogo, Jav. blockhead, fool. chokar, a game resembling draughts. choket, the abstraction of a very small quantity; picking a piece. chokin, a bathing cloth (used by Chinese coolies). chokmar, Pers. a mace. chokok, the cry of a latah-subject when excited. cholak, ch. - chaling, confused, entangled. cholang, ch. - chaling, confused entangled. cholat, a dig with the elbow or hand-cf. cholet. cholek, prizing out with a point; digging out with a pin; mencholek, to scrape out with a pointed instrument; pencholek api, a lucifer match. cholet, a dig with the point of the finger-cf. cholat. choli, Hind. a tight-fitting native bodice worn next the skin by Indian women. cholok, a fuse of cloth steeped in oil. choma, see chuma. chombol, the knob on a door. chomek, a cuttle-fish. chomel, I. dainty, pretty. II. babbling; unable to hold one's tongue. chomot, defiled with dirt. CHONGKENG chompang, ch. - champing, torn, tattered at the edge, frayed. chompes, injured by the loss of a corner or projection. chompoh, Ch. a cook. chonderong, inclining; leaning; ch. hati, mental leanings; inclinations; also chondong. chondong, leaning to one side; out of the perpendicular; ch.hati, personal inclination; also chonderong. chonet, a slight upward projection of the tip of anything, e.g., a moustache; tip - tilted; also chotet. chongak, turned upwards (of the face); holding his head up (of a buffalo sniffing when alarmed); pointing up (of the beak of a bird); menchongak, to work out mentally, e.g., a sum. chonggah, projecting unevenly; sticking out in all sorts of directions; also chongkah. chonggang. ch. - chongget, bobbing up and down (as a sandpiper picking up food, or as a man climbing a difficult hill). chongget, see chonggang. chongkah, projecting unevenly; out of line (of a projection); also chonggah. chongkak, I. a generic name for cowrie shells (cyprsee); main ch., a game played with these shells; papan ch., the board used for playing this game. II. proud, haughty. chongkang, ch. kelakak, topsyturvy (at sixes and sevens). chongkar, ch. - changkir, of ah sizes and shapes (as the component parts of a heap of firewood). chongkeng, sticking out in all directions (as the points of a caltrop). [ 49 ]

CHONGOK chongok, mrnchongok, to sit stiffly erect. chonteng, smearing (anything) on a surface; muka t~rchonteng,arang, a face smeared over with charcoal; fig., disgraced. chontoh, a model of an object to be copied; a sample; a specimen. chorak, the general colouring (of a sarong); the prevailing hue in a design. choram, = churam. chorang, cheating at games; penchorang, a cheat. chorek, the long linear markings in the grain of certain woods. choreng, streaked with long vertical streaks (as a man on whom paint has fallen); ch.-moreng, covered with streaks. chorong, I. a metal vase for sireh leaves = jorong. II. a cylindrical funnel; the chimney of a lamp. chorot, I. bringing up the rear; penchorot, the hindmost. II. Jav. the spout of anything; ch. cherek, the spout of a kettle. chotek, sa-chotek, a very small portion; a pinch; a bite. chotet, tip-tilted; = chonet. chotok, I. the small fleshy protuberance at the base of a bird's beak. II. projecting above the surface (of a low flat rock). chua, not pleasing, unsatisfactory. chuacha, Skr. clear (of the atmosphere); t'rang ch., bright daylight. chuai, to hold in little esteem. chuak, Pen. abashed. chual, cloth in the first stage of its manufacture. thuali, excepting, saving; kechuali, id.; k~chuali kebanyakan, some; a number of. CHUIT chuani, a kind of cloth. chuar, sticking up (of long objects, such as masts); cf. chuat. chuat, sticking up (of short objects); cf. chuar. chubit, pinching pressing between finger and thumb; menchubit, to pinch. chucha, abasing or silencing one's foe (especially by magic arts). chuchi, cleansing; berchuchi, to clean, to cleanse; ketam ch., a plane. chuchoh, I. setting anything alight; putting fire to anything. II. teasing, verbal annoyance. chuchok, piercing; driving a point into anything; threading a needle; piercing with a needle; perforating manek tanggal daripada chuchok - nya, pearls fallen from their strings; ch. kajang, making kajang mats by running a piece of bamboo through pandanus leaves to hold them together; ch. senjata, the leader of a charge; berchuchokch., in strings; menchuchok, to pierce, to perforate. chuchong, a variant of chuchu. chuchu, grandchild; anak ch., descendants. chuchunda, grandchild - a respectful form of chuchu. chuchur, I. trickling; flowing in small quantities; chuchuran atap, the edge of a roof; chuchuri, to let water fall or drip on anything; to anoint. II. a generic name given to cakes of hard-baked pastry. III. a bird (podargus javanensis?) chuchut, Jav. the shark. chuit, a playful tap or blow with the finger; a movement of the finger hinting " go away"; the wagging of a bird's tail. t 50 ]

CHUKA chuka, Hind. vinegar. chukai, Hind., toll; tax; impost; timbang ch., the payment of dues; melarikan ch., to avoid the payment of an impost. chuki, a game resembling draughts. chuku, Tam. dried gambier-root. chukup, complete, sufficient; quite, fully; full; ch. sa-ratus ha r it, a full hundred days; sudah ch., it is enough. chukur, shaving; tukang ch., a harber; menchukur, to shave; pisau penchukur or pisau penyukur, a razor. chula, Skr. the horn of a dragon; magical or supernatural horn. chulan, bunga ch., a flower (aglaia odorata?) chulas, inert, sluggish, slow, idle - a stronger expression than malas. chulim, Hind. a pipeful of tobacco or opium. chuma, vain; useless; idle; gratuitous; gratis; chuma-chuma, uselessly; perchuma, id. chumbu, coaxing, love - making, verbal endearments; chumbuan, loving words; berchumbu - chumbuan, flirting, exchanging endearments. chun, Ch. an inch (approximately). chunam, I. long delicate pincers for extracting wax from the ear, for working in precious metals, etc. II. Hind, prepared lime used in the betel-quid. chunda, grandchild-a respectful equivalent of chuchu. chundang, kechundang or p&chundang, conquest; the position of the defeated, relative to the victor. Cf. kundang. CHUT chungap, ch. - changip, panting, short of breath. chungkil, to extract with a pointed instrument-(e.g., as a toothpick is used); gouging; penchungkil gigi, a tooth-pick. chupak, I. a measure of capacity; a quarter of a gantang, or, approximately, the capacity of a half-coconut-shell; saperti chupak hanyut, like a floating chupak - measure-a half - coconutshell (which rocks greatly when it floats)- a smile for loose swagger. II. the bowl of a mortar or opium-pipe or rice-pounder. chupar, garrulous-cf. chelupar. chuping, the lobe (of the ear or nostril); ch. telinga, the lobe of the ear. chupu, = chepu. chupul, not long enough (for the purpose in view); inadequate owing to shortness, e.g., of a tang, a bit of string. chura, jesting; joking; not taking seriously. churah, emptying out; churahkan, to pour out. churai, loose, severally, one at a time. churam, sloping; precipitouscf. crenuram. churat, gushing out (of liquid). churi, I. Hind. theft; stealing; stealthy removal; stealth; churi-churi, stealthily, surreptitiously; menchuri, to steal; penchuri, a thief; kechurian, theft. II. to flow (as water or blood). chus, = hush! dry up! chut, Ked. = chus. [ 51 ]

CHUTAM chutam, a black and gold "niello" ware made at Ligor, a black sulphide being fused into the hollows of the pattern on a silver vessel and the high relief gilded wholly or partly. D daba, I. hawa-daba, odour, smell; suspicion; lust. II. Hind., an ammunition pouch. dabir, Ar. a writer, a scribe. dabong, mendabong, to file the teeth. dabus, Ar., a broad round shaft of wood with a short spike set like a spearhead at its end; main d., to stab oneself with this awl. daching, a steel-yard of Chinese type; anak d., batu d. or buah d., the weight on a steel-yard. dada, chest; tepok d., to beat the breast; b~rperang bUrdada, to fight hand to hand. dadah, I. a native medicine-box II. dadak, q.v. dadak, chekek kedadak, violent vomiting; violent sickness (often invoked upon the head of a scoundrel). dadap, a metallic shield of a type only mentioned in romance. dadar, I. a thin pancake or omelet of Malay make. II. mendadar, to distribute charity. dadeh, curds; ayer d., whey. dadok, mendadok, to beg; to solicit alms. dadong, I. Ked. crooning a child to sleep. II. R. Joh. exposing for fermentation. dadu, I. Port. a die, dice; main d., to play with dice. II. roseate; mega d., the roseate clouds. III. btrdadu, to gossip. IV. sgri d., a variant of soldadu, q.v. DAH chutap, a waist-buckle of shiny black material. chuti, Hind. leave of absence; furlough; berchuti, to be on leave. daeng, I. dried fish; minta darah pada daeng, to ask dry fish for blood-(to get blood out of a stone), prov. II. a Bugis title of distinction. daerah, Ar. district, outlying dependency. dafnah, Ar. the laurel. daftar, Ar. a tabular list; a roll; a register of attendance. daga, m~ndaga, to do uphill work; to make an effort. dagang, a stranger; a foreigner; perahu d., a vessel from elsewhere; a trading ship; dagangan, commercial products; d. senteri, a stranger student-a depreciatory description of himself often used by a writer; d. piatu d. yang miskin and d. yang hina, id.; d. yang rawan and d. yang rayu, id. (in love poetry). daging, flesh, meat; d. ular sawa, the flesh of the python; d. darah or darah dan daging, flesh and blood (close relationship or intimate friendship, such as " blood-brotherhood "). dagok, hantu d., clouds on the horizon of weird and changing form (believed by the Malays to be ghosts of murdered men). dagu, the human chin; the " chin" or corner near the handle of certain Malay knives and choppers. dah, done-a colloquial abbreviation of sudah, q.v. [ 52 ]

DAHAGA dahaga, I. thirst; thirsty; lapar d., hunger and thirst; mrnghapus d., to assuage one's thirst. II. N.S. d. dahagi, lese-majeste and disorder. dahagi, extreme covetousness. dahak, phlegm; mucus (from the mouth). daham (onom.), berdaham, to hum and haw. dahan, I. a minor bough or branch of a tree; harimau d., a large tiger-cat or small leopard leopaidus macrocedus). II. pendahan, an obsolete weapon mentioned in romance. dahana, mendahana, to beg, to importune for gifts; see also dana. dahi, the brows; the region of the eyebrows; sa-hari bulan dahi-nya, her brow was as the new moon. dahshat, Ar, panic, alarm; mnmberi d., to rouse panic, to terrify. dahu, burong d., Kel. the adjutant bird. dahulu, before; zaman d., past ages; adat d. kala, customary law; dahului to anticipate, to be too quick for; berdahuludahuluan, pressing on, one trying to get in front of the othercf. hulu. Dalal, Ar. Antichrist; the false Messiah. dak, no, not-an abbreviation of tidak. daka, tiang d., the wooden supports upon which rests the,plank hiding away the body in a Malay grave. dakap, mnndakap, embracing; b~rdakap, bUrdakap-dakapan, exchanging embraces. dakar, perverse, obstinate in DAM doing wrong; offensive arrogance. dakhil, Ar. trusty. daki, I. filth, dirt; membuang d., to clean, to wash. II. mnnduki, to ascend, climb up. daksina, Skr. the south. daku, me-a form taken by the word aku (I, me) after the words akan and dengan and verbs ending in kan. dal, Hind., split peas. dalal, Ar. agent, broker, gobetween. dalalah, Ar. a female go-between. dalam, I. interior, inside; in, while, during; ka - dalam, inward; di-dalam, inside; position in; di-dalam hati, mentally to oneself. II. deep; terlalu dalam ayer-,nya, its waters were very deep; dalam-nya depth; men-dalamzkan, to deepen. III. Jav. princely dwelling, court; bahasa d., the language of the court. dalang, the story-reciter (who also works the figures) at a Malay shadow-show; the author (in stories written for use with shadow-show). daleh, quibble, equivocation. dalek, dolak-d., shilly-shallying. dali, Pk., b~rdali, to descend of a genie on to the ear-posy of a raja on installation, berdali kamalai. dalil, Ar. the elucidation of the Koran by commentaries; the whole of the standard commentators. dalima, see delima. dalong, a large platter. dalu, a mistletoe. dam, I. (Dutch) main dam, draughts. II. Ar. a religious penalty. III. Hind., a whiff or puff at a pipe. [ 53 ]

DAMAI damai, bringing about a good understanding; damaikan, to effect a settlement; b~rdamai, to be at peace; pgrdamaian, a settlement of differences; a treaty of peace. damak, the dart of a blow-pipe; tabong d., the quiver for such darts. damal, R. J., slow to move; difficult to sail or row (of a boat). daman, Hind., the sheet of a large sail. damar, resin; "dammar "; a torch of resinous wood; damar knlulut. d. seraga, d. daging, low grade kinds of resin; d. p~nak, d. chengal, resin from the chengal tree. damba, desire for; wish to possess. damdam, spite, grudge; menaroh d., to bear a grudge. dampar, cast ashore; being aground; terdampar, stranded. dampil, contiguity; berdainpild., in close proximity-cf. damping. damping, juxtaposition; contiguity, contact; berdamping, to be hard by; to come next. dan, I. and, furthermore. II. ability or time to manage anything; ta' dan, it cannot be done. III. N.S. polite, your servant; I. dana, Ski. gift, charity; merapu d., to go a-begging-cf. dahana. danau, a mere, a pool, a lake. dandan, the projecting platforms or galleries on a native ship; d. haluan, the prow platform. dandang, a large copper boiler. dandi, I. small Tamil cymbals (a musical instrument often mentioned in literature). II. spotted, mottled; rusa d., a deer with spotted markings. DAPAT dang, a title given in old romances to ladies about a court -cf. dayang. dangau. a temporary lean-to erected when camping out for watching padi-fields. dangdang, Ked. = dandang. dangkal, dry; lacking in juiciness. dangkap, = dakap. dangkar, I. do.ngkor-d., bundling out bag and baggage. II. a variant of dakar. dangking, dongkang-d., (Kedah) extremely emaciated; cadaverous. dangok, I. mendangok, to have the head thrust forward. II. terdangok, aground with bows high on reef and stern in water. dani, Ked. = dandi. danta, Skr. ivory; asmara d., beautiful white teeth. danu, ular d.. Ked. a rainbow. danur, putrid emanations from a dead body; a putrefying corpse. dap, I. Pers., a tambourine. II. a sword with a long blade and a bamboo hilt covered with skateskin. dapa, a slave-messenger sent as a gift with a proposal of marriage. dapat, obtaining, getting, acquiring; managing; hutang mas dapat di-bauqar, a debt in money may be paid; lemak dapat kaorung, the fat goes to others; dapati and mWndapat, to obtain, to get; k~dapatan, the acquisition of anything; pendapatan, the thing acquired; the proceeds; mendanatkan. to come across, to meet; ta' dapat tiada, it must be; must; unjokkan surat ini, ta' danat tiada ditolong-nya, show him this letter and he must help you. [ 54 ]

DAPUR dapur, I. a Malay kitchen; an oven; a brick-kiln; rumah d., a cook-house; juru d., a cook; d. tanah, a mud-oven. II. dapurdapur susu, the outer-portion of the breast; d.-d. kubur, the grave mound (in contradistinction to the head-stone). dar, Ar. abode; in Malay letters, the foil. are conventional. Perak daru'r-ridzwan, Perak abode of grace, Kedah daru'l-aman, Kedah, the abode of peace, Selangor daru'l-ihsan, Selangor the abode of mercy. dara, Skr. maiden, the hymen; bini dan dara, matrons and maids; anak d., a virgin; berdara, virgin. darah, blood; buang d., bloodletting; buang ayer d., dysentery; d. puteh, "white blood," i.e. royal blood; daging d., (one's own) flesh and blood; near relatives; berdarah, bleeding; suffused with blood. darai, Ked. impotent of the male. darat, land; dry land (as opposed to water); the interior (as opposed to the coast); naik kadarat, to land (from a vessel); daratan, dry land; mendarat, to go inland. dari, from; out of; of (in the sense of "made of"); in the matter of; than; d. sini, hence; d. situ, thence; daripada, from, out of, regarding; than. dari-dari, Ked. a small hill-tortoise. darlah, see darjat. darjat, Ar. rank; grade; emblem of distinction. darwi, crumbling to pieces. darya, Pers. sea, ocean, river; wakil d., the lord of the waters. das, the sound of a shot, raja ini DAUN datang, berapa das tembak, when this prince arrives how many "guns" are we to give him. dasa, Skr. ten; sa-dasa, a batch of ten. dasar, ground-work; materials of construction; prevailing element in a design; the essence of anything. dasau, Pk., small coconut shell bowl. dasi, butang d., a collar-stud. dastur, layar d., a studding-sail. dasus, N.S. berdasus, whispering. datang, coming, approach; daripada Allah datang-nya, it comes to us from God; datangkan or mendatangkan, to cause, d. sembah, to bring a respectful greeting, d. fikiran, to invite reflection; kedatangan, the coming; d. maut, the coming of death; mendatangi, to attack; to meet a hostile assault. datar, smooth, level; *rata and natar. datia, Skr. a Titan; a giant. datok, grandfather; a senior; a title of distinction; a joss or idol; the tutelary spirit of a keramat or wonder-working spot; d. nenek, ancestors. datong, = datok. daulat, Ar. majesty; the sanctity which invests the office of a king; the mysterious kingly power which does not die with a sovereign, but abides so as to punish any degenerate successor (according to Malay belief); daulat tuan-ku, your majesty!an exclamation of homage; ditimpa d., struck down by the power of offended majesty. daun, a leaf; blade of grass, or oar; the submerged screen in an outshore fish-trap (jermal); d. [ 55 ]

DAUP buntut, the short outer pocket of this screen; d. penjarang, the long inner pocket over which the fish first pass; d. cheki, "chicky" cards; d. teh, tea, tea-leaves; d. kayu, the leaf of a tree; nendaun kaya, as the leaves of the forest in number. daup, beamy and heavy (of a boat); heavy and sullen (of a face). dawa, Ar. a lawsuit; kcna d., to be sued. dawai, wire; d. gelang, very thick-wire. dawat, Ar. ink; tempat d., or bHkas d., an inkstand. daya, I. resource, stratagem; d. upaya, resources, means; apakan d., what can one do? mendayakan, to deceive by a stratagem. II. barat d., the southwest. Dayak, Dyak. dayang, a damsel, a young girl; awang dan d., young men and maidens; dayang-dayang, attendants in a court. dayong, an oar; the breast fin of a fish; anak d., an oarsman; batang d., the shaft of an oar; daun d., the blade of an oar. dayu, mnndayu-d., to rumble in the distance. dayus, Ar. a despicable coward. debak (onom.), a smacking sound. debap (onom.), a slapping sound. debar, beating of the heart; bgrdebar-debar-lah rasa hati-nya, he felt his heart throb violently. debas (onom.), the hiss of rushing air. debek (onom.), bleat of goats; also embek. debok, = dcbak. d6bong (onom.), a thumping sound. DEK debop, = debap. debu, dust; haze-cf. Iebu. debum (onom.), a thumping sound. debur (ononm.), the sound of a landslip or heavy crumbling fall. debus, = debas. deching (onom.), a chinking sound. dechit (onom.), a twittering or squeaky sound. dedah, terdedah, open of a door, of the bosom of a dress. dedai, berdedai-d., in long, straggling, disorderly ' lines - cf. derai. dedak, I. bran padi husk: rice polishings. II. mendedak, to crowd, to press on. dedam, berdedam, crowded together. dedap, a ceneric name given to a number of trees (erythrina, spp.) that bear very bright scarlet flowers and that are used to provide supports for the pepper plant; ikan pari d., a ray (eurogymnus asperrimus). dedar, feverish, out of sorts, of children. dedau, mend~dau. to shout, to cry out in distress. degam (onom.), a slamming sound. degap, berdbgap-d., to heave quickly (of the breast). degar, I. chakap berdegar-d., boastful talk. II. bunyi berdegar-d., reverberation. degil, stiff-necked, obstinate. degum (onom.), a booming sound. degup (onom.), a duller variant of degap. dehaga, see dahaga. dehagi, see dahagi. deham, see daham. dehana, see dahana. dek, = adek. [ 56 ]

DEKAH dekah (onom.), the sound of loud laughter; trtawa berdekah or tertawa berdekah-dekah, to laugh heartily. dekak, (1) a variant of dekah, (2) dekak-dekak, Sum., abacus. dekam, to crouch for a spring (of a beast of prey). dekan, the bamboo-rat (rhizomys sumatrensis). dekar, pendekar, a master of fence; a champion warrior. dekat, near, hard by; d. ka-darat, near the shore; dekati and mendekati, to approach; miendkatkain, to bring close. dekunchi, a variant of temiu kunchi. dekus, the blowing of a porpoise. dekut, (onom.) calling pigeons; buloh d., the bamboo instrument used to call pigeons for snaring. delah,.an edible salt-water-fish (unid.). delaki, Ked. = laki-laki. delan, a snag. delapan, eight; the number eight; d. belas, eighteen; d. puloh, eighty. delima, Ski. the pomegranate; batu d., the ruby; d. merikah, a split pomegranate (showing its red contents), a simile for ruby lips. delinggam, = sedelinggam. demah, dry-poulticing; hot dry applications to a diseased part. demam, fever; d. gigil, fever with ague; d. kepialu, any violent fever, e.g. typhoid; d. kepialu ketulangan, rheumatic fever; d. berlat or d. berselang, intermittent fever; d. sesema, influenza; d. rabu kembang, fever in lung disease; d. kura, fever with enlarged spleen. d~map, gluttonous. dcmi, by, with, on, at (when); DtJNDANG sa-orang demi sa-orang, one by one; demi berbunyi genta, when the bell rang; d. Allah, by God. demikian, thus, so, in this way. demit, young; child (an expression often used by medicine-men to describe the patient). dempak, broad, beamy (of a boat), blunted, squared of the end of a stick cut in two. dempang, I. hollow-sounding, resonant; chakap berdempang-d., boastful talk. II. going across to; visiting; stopping at, of ships. dempir, cracked-sounding (of a gong). Ked. depir. dempok, Pk. to approach close to. dempul, tow for caulking boats. demuku4, Ked. broken pieces of rice husk; chaff;=-lemukut and melukut. denah, an evil spirit causing diseases in the feet. denai, a wild-beast track. denak, decoy; ayam d., a junglefowl (gallus ferrugineus). denching (onom.), the chink of coin. denda, Skr. a fine; kena d., to incur a fine, to be fined; dendakan, to fine. dendam, I. longing; rindu d., loving, longing. II. a grudge; = damdam. dendan, order, arrangement; plaiting, design, style; berdendan, to plait; awan d., plaitornament. dendang, I. a name sometimes given to the crow (corvus macrorhynchus); d. ayer, a bird (phalacrocorax carbo); burong pedendang (heliopais personata). II. timun d., a bitter inedible gourd. III. Spanish fly. [ 57 ]

DENDANG dendang, the droning chorus to a Malay quatrain. dengeng, jerked meat. dengak, a variant of dongak or dangok. dengan, I. with; along with; in conjunction with; in accordance with; on by (in imprecations); d. nama Nabi Allah, by the name of the prophet; d. surohan raja, in accordance with the prince's order; masing-masing d engan kehendak-nya, everyone as he pleased. II. your servant; I.cf. dan. dengar, listening to; hearing; choba d., please listen; di-dingar-nya, in his hearing; deng a r i, menengar, mendMngar, dengarkan and menengarkan, to listen to, to hear; pen~ngaran, the sense of hearing. dengkang, loud laughter; d= - kah. dengkel, shrivelled up internally (of durian pips). dengki, envious hatred; m6naroh d., to nurse a grudge; berasa d., to feel spiteful. dengkong, baying of dogs. dengkur, snoring, berdengkur or mendengkur, to snore. dengok, terd~ngok, squat, shortened (of the neck). dengong (onom.), humming; the sound of a Jew's harp or of a bumble-bee; the twang of a bow-string; droning or buzzing in the ear; the hum of a kite or top; berd6ngong, to give out a humming sound. dengu, I. berd.ngu or mnndengu, to draw in one's breath before muscular effort. II. dull, stupid; also dun.qu. dengus, mn.tndngns, to snort; to sniff. dengut, the cry of a quail. DERHAKA deni, this; = dia ini. dentam (onom.), a slamming sound. dentum (onom.), a deep booming sound. denu, that; - dia itu. dinyut, throbbing, of a boil. d6pa, a Malay fathom; the span from finger-tip to finger-tip of the outstretched arms-cf. depang. depan, front; hadapan; didepan, in front. depang, to stretch out the arms; a cruciform position. depun, the lining of a garment. dera, Ar. chastisement; punishment. derai, berdgrai-d., in long straggling line; training away-cf. dedai. derak (onom.), a cracking sound. deram (onom.), a rumbling sound; mendgram, to rumble (as thunder). d~rang (onom.), a clanging sound (such as that of a bell). derap (onom.), a crackling or rapping sound; the sound of small arms firing. deras, I. speedy; rapid of motion; terlalu deras lari-nya, he ran very fast. II. Ar. menderas, to study the Koran. derau (onom.), the sound of a heavy shower approaching. derawa, Skr. gala derawa, syrup (often pronounced di-rawak). deret, a row, a long line; berderet-d., in long lines (as people fleeing along the road from a stricken city). derhaka, Skr. traitorus; treason, betrayal; ada-kah patut kita dgrhaka akan dia, is it right that we should betray their confidence: mend~rh:ka or ber [ 58 1

DiRHAM buat d., to turn traitor; to betray. derham, Ar. a small silver coin or gold coin from Turkey or Persia. dering, I. (onom.) a ringing sound. II. the trumpeting of an elephant. d~rita, Skr. tiada menderita, insupportable; unbearable. derji, Hind. a tailor. d~rma, Skr. alms; gifts to the poor; charity; favour; gift to a subordinate; memberi d., to distribute charity; jikalau ada derma kurnia tuan-ku, by the favour and kindness of my lord. dermawan, Skr. charitable. derni, the threshold or sill of a door; pintu d., a light screendoor. derong (onom.), a sonorous clang (as of a deep-toned bell). deru (onom.), the roar of a storm, or of a crowd, or of an inundation; menderu, to roar. derum, I. (onom.) the sound of a tree falling heavily. II. a word of command to make an elephant kneel; derumkan, to make an elephant kneel. derut (onom.), a dull scraping sound. d.rwis, Pers. a dervish. desa, Skr. region, country; sadesa neg~ri, every country and town; everywhere; mendesa negeri, id.; bertandang d., to go wandering from place to place. desar (onom.), berdesar, to hiss (as water falling on hot iron). desau (onom.), the swish of rain falling on bamboos. desing (onom.), the whizzing sound made by a projectile. desir, = d~sar. distar, Pers. an unstarched headcloth; a turban. DIAN desur, = dgsar. detar, N.S. ( = destar) Malay head-kerchief. detas (onom.), the rustle of paper. detek (onom.), the cracking of a twig. deting (onom.), the twang of a stretched string when struck. dewa, Skr. a " deva"; a Hindu divinity; a fairy; a demi-god. dewana, Pers. courtly, royal. dewangga, Skr. a rich cloth often mentioned in romance. dewasa, Skr. time, period, (late. dewata, Skr. godhead, divinity, d. mulia raya, the greatest of gods; burong d., unggas d., manok d. or paksi d., the bird of paradise. dewi, Skr. a goddess; a fairy. di, I. at, in; di-sini, here; disana, there; di-dalam, inside; di-luar, outside. [By an idiomatic use of this world, it forms a passive, e.g. kapal di-tunda jongkong, a ship in tow of a dinghy, i.e. a ship towed by a dinghy; di-dengar-nya, in his hearing; heard by him.] II. Skr. noble-an abbreviation of adi in certain titles, e.g. dipati for adi-pati, diraja for adi-raja, etc. dia, he, him, she, it; = ia, when following an n; akan dia, to him; also emphatic for ia. diam, I. being silent; diam-lah ia, he was silent; diam-diam, silently; diamkan or mendiamkan, to silence. II. residence, abode, dwelling; diam-lah ia di-Melaka, he lived at Malacca; diami, to inhabit; kediaman, abode; tempat kediaman, place of abode, home. dian, a candle: kaki d.. a candlestick, sinar d.. the light of a candle; liin d., the wax of a [ 59 ]

DIANG candle; burong kaki d., a large sandpiper (totanus calidris). diang, I. toasting; heating before a fire; brdiang, to heat at a fire (used remedially after a confinement). II. mendiang, to become a disembodied spirit. diat, Ar. blood-money; expiatory payment; a fine for violating some religious injunction. diba], Pers. a rich brocade. didal, Port.,a thimble. dideh, effervescing; miendideh, or menideh, to boil up; to be boiling hot; ayer mendideh, boiling water. didek, nurturing, fostering, bringing up (used of men bringing up animals). didis, mendidis, to hash. dikau, a form of engkau-you, thou, thee. dikir, Ar. berdikir, to chant verses; pedikir, a singing (and dancing) girl. dikit, sa-dikit, a little; sa-dikit banyak, a fair amount; berdikit-d., sparingly. din, Ar. faith; the faith of Islam. dina, Skr. poor, mean, humble, of little account; hina d., id. dinar, Ar. a coin (usually of gold); d. mas, id. dinding, screening; a light partition; a party-wall; dindingan, serving as a screen or partition; dindingkan, to screen off; pendinding, screening; doa p., prayers protective against evil spirits. dingin, Bat. cold, chilly; dinginkan, to chill. dini, dinihari daybreak, dawn. dipati, see 'di. dirala, see 'di. dirgahayu, Skr. long life, majesty and dominion (an expression of homage addressed to a ruler). 'DOGOL diri, I. self; diri-ku, I myself; diri-nya, himself, herself, itself, themselves; di-dalam d., to oneself, mentally; bawa d., to run away; buang d., to commit suicide; minta d., or mohon d., to beg leave to depart, diri, is sometimes used as a pronoun of the second person. Cf. sendiri. II. dirikan, to erect, to put up; nmendirikan, id.; berdiri, to stand erect; to get up; terdiri set up; upright. dirus, irrigation; the flowing of water; nmendirus ayer, to water. diwal, Pers. a wall; the thick outer wall of a palace or fortress. diwan, Pers. a court of justice; a bench; a board. diwani, Pers. authorised by governmenft; minted; a minted coin. doa, Ar. prayer; incantation, magical formula; d. pengaseh, a charm to arouse love; d. pendinding, a formula protective against evil spirits; iminta d., to pray. dobi, Hind. a dhoby; a laundryman. dodol, kneh d., a cake made of rice-flour, molasses and fruit. dodot, I. nindodot, to take whiffs at a pipe. II. to go begging. doga, see duga. dogang, support by a rope, e.g. as a rope is tied to a tree when the tree is felled to prevent it falling on the woodsmen, or as Malays hang out to windward in a racing boat by holding on to ropes (tali dogang) attached to the mast. dogel, tail-less (of a fowl). dogeng, Ked. = dogel. dogol, Ked. = dongkol. [ 60 ]

DOK dok, a colloquial shortening of dudok. dokoh, Jav. a set of gold crescentic breast-ornaments worn at marriages and ceremonies. dola, Skr. a "dhooly"; a litter or stretcher. dolak, d.-dalek, shilly-shallying. dolat, =- daulat. domah, pendomah, a gift (sent by a raja). doman, 1. pedoman, a compass; II. Skr. hantu d., a dog - faced spirit; a (Kedah) survival of the Hanuman legend. domba, Pers. a sheep. domol, Ked. snout; = moanchong. dondang, a lullaby; a swinging cradle. dondon, pattern or colour in clothing; sa-dondon, of similar pattern (of a sarong and baju). dongak, mendongak, to sit with head raised and pushed forward. dongeng, I. Jav. a tale for chanting. I1. mendongeng, to importune (of children). dongkang, dongkang-dangking, K. emaciated. dongkol, hornless or with downward-curving horns (of a bullock); combless (of a cock). dongkor, d.-dangkar, bundling out bag and baggage. d o n g o k, disproportionately broad; uncouth; badly proportioned. donia, Port. a lady. dorong, stumbling forward; tMrdorong, fallen forward; tripped up. dosa, Skr. a sin; an offence against religion or morality, but not necessarily an offence against statute law; berdosa, sinful. doyak, (Riau) a large cuttle-fish. DUKAN doyan, N.S., ta' doyan, don't care. dua, I. two; d. belas, twelve; d. puloh, twenty; d.-dua, two by two; kedua, both; yang kedua, the second; menduakan, to have two of, e.g. menduakan laki, to commit bigamy; menduakan Allah, to worship more gods than one; berdua, in a party of two; berdua dengan, in company with (someone else); endua, a fellow or match. II. a variant of doa, q.v. duai, ipar duai, a brother-in-law or sister-in-law. dubur, Ar. the anus. dudok, sitting, to sit; to reside; situation, position; dudokkan, to seat; kedudokan, position; tempat kedudokan, residence; terdudok, seated. dudu, following immediately behind, esp. of fish in shoals. dudun, berdudun - ddudun, pres - sing on (of a crowd). dudur, a plant (unidentified). duga, probing, fathoming, sounding; laut yang dalam dapat diduga, hati manusia siapa tahu, a deep sea may be sounded, but who can fathom a man's thoughts? bata penduga, the lead on a sounding-line. dugal, nausea; seasick. duit, (Dutch) a cent, a doit; (Singapore) a quarter-cent; Pen., Pk. a cent; d. cent, small currency; berduit, to have money. duka, Skr. grief, sorrow, mental anguish; hati yang d., a sorrowful heart; suka dan d., happiness and grief; tanggong d., to suffer sorrow; d.-chita, feelings of sorrow; kedukaan, id. dukan, Ar. a shop. [ 61 ]

DUKAT dukat, (Dutch) a ducat. dukong, carrying on the hips (as a Malay woman carries her child); mendukong, to carry in this way; dukongan or kain dukongan, a support for the child. duku, a well-known fruit (lansium domesticum); kHra d., the slow loris (nycticebus tardigradus). dukun, a native doctor. dulang, a platter or tray; pendulang mas, a platter used in washing for gold; mendulang, to wash for gold. dull, Skr. dust; the dust under a sovereign's feet; (by metaphor) the position which a subject occupies and to which he can address himself; ka-bawah d., the form of address of a subject to a sovereign; d. Yang di-pertuan, a royal title. dum, a tree; the date-palm? dumpu, blunted, of the end of a stick. dungu, dull-witted, dense, stupid; also dengu. dunia, Ar. the world; peridarai d., the chances and changes of mortal life. dupa, Skr. incense; bakar d. or pasangkan d., to burn incense. dura, anxious; mental restlessness; berhati d., disquieted. Durga, Skr. the goddess Durga; Dewi Durga Sakti or Dewi Durga K~soma, id. durhaka, = d~rhaka. durl, a thorn; ada-kah duri dipertajam, does one sharpen thorns; dawat d., barbed wire. DZU durlan, the well-known fruit the " durian." durla, Skr. countenance, visagea poetic equivalent for face (muka); d. berseri, a bright countenance; d. muram, a clouded visage; jamjam d., expression; a poetic equivalent for ayer muka. durlana, evil, wicked; manteri d., a traitorous councillor. dusi, mendusi, to be perpetually crying (of young children). dusta, Skr. a lie, lying; berbuat d., to deceive, to tell a lie to; berdusta, id.; mMndusta, false, e.g. chemara mendusta, false hair. dusun, an orchard, a fruit grove without a dwelling-house; kepala d., a village headman. duta, a messenger, an envoy. duyong, I. the dugong (halicore dugong); ekur d., the tail of the dugong; forked, treacherous; minyak tangis d., the tears of the dugong-a potent love-philtre. II. menduyong, to totter, when about to fall; to hover, when about to perch. duyun, bHrduyun-duyun, crowding forward, pressing forward. dzabah, see zabah. dzaif, Ar. weak, feeble. dzakar, Ar. the male organ of generation; also zakar. dzarab, Ar. to multiply arithmetically. dzarah, see zarah. dzarurat, see zarurat. dzat, see zat. dzikir, Ar. b~rdzikir, chanting God's praise; also dikir. dzu, Ar. possessing, endowed with; also zu. t 62 ]

EBAN NIMBOK E eban, flinging out.of the way, e.g. wood. ebek, a sun-sail; also embek. ebeng, mnugebeng, to sway the body (as a dancing girl). edah, speaking across a distance. edan, Jav. mad; = gila; e. kesmaran, madly in love; = gila berahi. edar, see idar. egah, walking with a waddling or affected gait. Pen. egeh. eb, an interjection of wonderment; what. eja, Ar. spelling, to spell; mengeja, to spell; to read slowly spelling out the words; ejaan, spelling. ejek, men9ejek, to tease. ejit, mockery; a variant of ejek. ekur, tail; extremity; a numeral coefficient for animals; e. mata, the corner of the eye; e. pulau, the point (of a riverine island) that is furthest downstream; pokok e. (Penang) gutta; berekur-e., in Indian file, one holding on to the other (as children in certain games); bintang berekur, a comet. ela, I. Eur. an ell; a yard. II. a variant of hela. elah, Ar. stratagem, contrivance, device; habis daya tipu elah, at the end of his wiles, tricks and resources; olah-e., extreme duplicity; full of dodges. elak, evasion; getting out of the way; berelak, to get out of the way; elakkan, to dodge (a blow). l!at, see lat. elat, better elah, q.v. ~lis, better lis, q.v. elmu, Ar. knowledge, scholarship, science; magic art; also ilmu. elok, better lok, q.v. elok, handsome, fine; orang yang elok rupa-nya, a man of handsome appearance; maha-elok, very beautiful or fine; keelokan, beauty; excellence. elong, see long. liut, see lut. emak, see mak. emarah, see marah. 6mas, see mas. emat, see mat. embachang, the horse-mango (mangifera foetida), also machang and bachang. embak, case, instance, time; saembak, once; dua embak, on two occasions. embal, still damp; moist. embalau, lac; solder; sealingwax. emban, an arrangement of ropes enabling a porter to secure a burden borne on the back. embarau, an artificial embankment. 6mbas, like; e. tupai, like a squirrel. embat, a long swishing stroke; kena embat, to be caned. embek, a sun-sail; also ebek. embek, mengembek, to bleat (as a sheep or goat). embeng, - ebeng. emboh, ita' emboh, unwilling; no; I won't; e.-embohan, although; admitting that; yet. 6mbok, I Jav. mother; a respectful designation for old ladies. II. mengembok, to throb; also mengembut. [ 63 ]

E-MBUN embun, dew; e. asap, haze; e. betina, dew in small drops; e. jantan, dew in large drops; kering e., when the dew dries up, i.e., about 7.30 a.m.; berembun, to be falling (of dew); mengembun, to fall in thin drops (of spray). embus, to blow (of wind); embusan, bellows. Ambut, = embok II. empama, see umpama. empang,, barring; damming; stopping the course or flow of anything; a weir, a dam. empap (onom.), the sound of a flat object falling on a soft surface; sa-pelempap, the width of the hand when the palm is laid flat on the table. Zmpat, four; e. betas, fourteen; e. puloh, forty; keempat, all four; yang keempat, the fourth: bNrempat, with three others (making four in all). impedal, - pedal. 6mpelas, =n mempelas. emper, Jav. a pent-house, a shed. emping, rice plucked, crushed and cooked before it has attained maturity; pengemping or lesong pengemping, a pounder for young rice; nmasak peremping, just ripe enough to be cooked as emping (as growing rice). Zmpoh, overflowing; rebus la' empoh, boiling without overflowing (playing with fire yet escaping unsinged), prov. Zmpok, I. a soft spot in fruit. II. tender from boiling. Ampu, pergmpuan, a woman. Zmpul, me.ngempul, to beat about against adverse winds (of a ship). tmpulur, a plant (unid.); pith tNGGAN used as stuffing for raised embroidery. empunya, yang e., whose; mempunyai, to possesses, to own. emul, officious questioning; mgngemul, to importune; to intrude. enak, delightful, enjoyable. enam, six;. belas, sixteen; e. puloh, sixty; keenam, all six; yang keenam, the sixth. enau, - nau. enchal,.nchal-enchal, jumping a naughty child up and down by pulling his ears. enchang, I. an equivalent of enchal. II. e.-enchok, crooked, awry, zigzag. enche', Mr.; an honorific prefix; often written inche. encher, watery. enchok, see enchang. endah, see indah. endak, see hIendak. endal, I. menge.ndal, to walk with the head and shoulders held back and the breast and stomach thrust forward. II. stuffing in; = asak. endap, crouching; keeping oneself concealed while watching; mengendap, to spy; to lurk on the watch; N.S., to abet; terendap, crouching, watching. endas, Jav. the head. endel, buang e., a sweep of the right arm in dancing. endong, to console, soothe a child. endul, a swing support, a hammock, a cradle, a sling for an injured arm. engar, =- ingar. 6nggak, a basket for holding emping. enggal, enggok-6., swaying, bobbing up and down. enggan, unwilling; e. berch~rai, unwilling to separate. [ 64 ]

INGGANG enggang, a generic name for large hornbills (especially dichoceros bicornis and buceros rhinoceroides). enggat, as far as; e. ini, thus far. enggil, e.-bHrenggil, serrated (of a mountain ridge). enggok, to nod the head; also anggok. engkap, e.-engkip, rising and falling; up and down. engkau, you (familiarly); berengkau, to use the expression engkau (instead of a more formal one) when addressing a man-cf. kau. engkip, engkap-e., up and downv. engkap. engku, a princely title of the second grade (the highest being tengku). engsel, (Dutch) a hinge. engsut, edging away. engut, -- ngut. enjak, mengenjak, to tread down; pengenjak, the sole of the foot; jalan mengenjak, to walk in a springing affected manner. enjal, to be forced down on one's seat; to be pushed back (as a restless child). enjelai, = jelai. Znjut, meng~njut, to tug (as a fish tugs at a line). entah, an expression of doubt and interrogation; perhaps; I do not know; I cannot tell; jawabku, entah-lah tuan, I replied, I do not know, sir; e. bert6mu, entahkan tidak, perhaps we shall meet, perhaps not. entak, ramming down, pounding down; e.-anti, v. anti. Zntang, I. Pk. ta'6ntang, I don't care, I'm indifferent; t= ta'-in ERTI dalf. II. = tang. III. to set down; = letak. entek, mnngentek, to winnow rice by shaking it in a sieve and giving occasional front and back jerks. enyah, = nyah. epeh, continually talking; orang e., a chatterbox. epek, outer posts used to keep the screens in position against the skeleton framework of a large fish-trap (belat). epok, I. a small envelope-shaped bag for carrying the requisites for betel-chewing = bujam. II. epok-epok, to cuddle up, as a child or cat. erak, edging away slightly. eram, =- ram. erang, I. Jav. black; blue-black; extremely dark red. II. e.-erut, twisted, awry. erang,- = rang. erap, = irap. erap,- = rap. erat, - rat. erau, visiting (for the purpose of condoling and assisting) a recently bereaved person. erek, = irek. eret, pulling back; nimngeretkan, to draw (anything). erong, I. a small cup of Chinese porcelain. II. erong-erong, the scupper holes in a ship. III. slanting, askew; pahat e., a chisel (the edge of which is cut at an angle). Eropah, Europe. erti, Skt. meaning, signification e. kitab, meaning of a book; e. p&rkataan, the meaning of a word; erti-nya, that is to say; its meaning is; ertikan, to in 5 [ 65 ]

terpret, to explain; bererti, to bear a meaning; menggrti, to understand. erut, twisted, bent, awry; e. hujong hidong-nya ka-kiri, the point of his nose pointed slightly to the left; erang-e., zigzag; much out of the straight line. esa, a variant of sa, one (in certain expressions, e.g. yang e., the one, the only). [As a numeral and article, the form sa is used.] FULAN esak, = isak. esang, me'ngesang, to blow the nose. esek, a disease causing the skin to become dry and scaly. esok, to - morrow; e. lusa, to - morrow or the day after; keesokan hari, the morrow; also besok. estu, = situ. esut, edging off = engsut. etong, see hitong. F faedah, Ar. profit, advantage, gain. fahrasat, Ar. index to book. faJar, Ar. dawn. fakir, Ar. a poor man; a mendicant (especially a religious mendicant); also pakir. falak, Ar. astrology. fana, Ar. mortal; corruptible; to die; dari negeri yang fana kanqgeri yang baka, from a perishable to an -imperishable worldfrom earth to heaven; also (colloquially) pana. faraid, Ar. observances (especially obligatory religious observances). faraj, Ar. pudendum muliebre. Farsi, Ar. Persian; bahasa F., the Persian language. fasal, Ar. paragraph, article, section, minor sub-division; concerning; apa f., why; f. itu, for that reason; therefore. fatihah, Ar. the confession of faith; the first sura of the Koran. feel, Ar. deed, work, behaviour, conduct; character, as shown in manner; feel-nya saperti pMnchuri, he behaves like a thief. fi, Ar. in, at, upon, regarding; fi'l-alam, on earth; in the world. fikir, Ar. to think; also pikir. firasat, Ar. a horoscope; a book on astrology; astrological work; also pirasat. firdaus, Pers. paradise; fairyland. firman, Ar. order, command; the word of God; befirman, to speak (of God); saperti firman Allah, in accordance with God's word; also perman. fitnah, Ar. calumny, slander; kena f. to be slandered; also petenah. fitrah, Ar. a tithe of 1 gantang of rice per head paid in the annual fasting month, tiga gantang f. umur-nya, he is 3 years old. fuad, Ar. heart; the seat of the feelings, = hati. fulan, so-and-so; si-fulan, id., usually pronounced si-polan. t 66 ]

GABAL GAJI G gabal, Sel. = gabas. gabas, coarse; roughly done (of work). gabok, bulky; short and thick (of a monitor-lizard). gabus, easily cut (of wood); sharp (of a knife), to sharpen. II. ikan gabus, a fresh-water fish (ophicephalus, sp). III. covered with gold, of the cross-piece of a keris sheath, kIris terapang g. hula, a creese with sheath entirely covered with gold. IV. 9. kaki, a Malay door-mat. gada, I. Skr. a club; as obsolete weapon mentioned in old romances of Indian origin. II. gada-gada, pennon. gadai, bergadai, to pawn; pajak g., a pawn-shop. gadi, Hind., Pen., a hand-cart. gading, ivory; the tusk of an elephant; gading-gading, the ribs of a boat; aur g. or buloh g., the large bamboo (bambusa vulgaris); punai g., the pinkheaded pigeon (ptilopus jambu). gadis, Sum. a maiden = anak dara. gadoh, tumult; loud dispute; berbuat g., to create a disturbance; pergadohan, an altercation; bergadoh, to take part in a row. gadong, a climbing plant the tubers of which yield a narcotic poison (dioscorea doemonum). gaeng, a shallow fin-keel of wood. gagah, strosg, mighty, forceful; g. perkasa, valiant and strong; gagahi, to force by menaces, to threaten; menggagahi, id. gagak, the Malayan jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchus). gagang, the stalk or stem of a flower or leaf. gagap, stuttering; orang g., a stammerer. gagau, groping about for anything; searching with the hand; (of an elephant) picking up with the trunk. gah, dignity, fame, importance, distinction, greatness; a sense of greatness, pride; renowned. gahara, Skr. of royal birth on both sides: anak g., raja yang g., a prince of fully royal descent. gahari,- ugahari. gaharu, Skt., kayu gaharu, agila wood. gahir, Ked. lust, covetousness. galah, the Indian elephant (elephas maximus); a descriptive epithet meaning "large"; g. berjuang, a fighting elephant; g. lalang, a tame elephant; g. menyusu, a covered way between a Malay house and its kitchen or outhouses; g. mengkona, a tuskless elephant; g. meta, a rogue elephant; g. mina (literally) a "fish-elephant"; (in Javanese design) a monster with the head of an elephant and the body of a fish; a name given to the whale when it is met with-one specimen locally obtained is the hump-backed whale (megaptera boops); badak g., the large rhinoceros (rh. sondaicus); the bishop in chess; main g., to play chess. gall, I. Eur. wages, pay; orang g., a paid employee; makan g., to be in the pay of. II. gagi-gagi, a saw-usually girgaji. [ 67 ]

'GAJUS gajus, buah g., the cashew (anacardium occidentale). gala, I. tiada bergala unlimited, unbounded. II. Skt., gala-gala, a mixture (pitch and resin) used for caulking boats-more commonly gegala. galah, a pole (for poling a boat); a mooring-pole; a long pole (one of a pair) for thrusting down the submerged screen in a jermal; a stick for knocking down fruit from trees; g. pasir, the short poles used for punting a boat over shallows; g. lobok, long poles for use in deep places; g. bujang, ordinary punting-poles of medium length; g. changgah, punting-poles provided with a forked end for resting against snags, treetrunks, etc. galak, I. menacing, threatening, bluffing; uxorious, lascivious. II. g. kali, again and again, often. galang, a bar or roller laid athwart the path; g. perahu, the rollers on which a boat rests when hauled ashore; g. temalang, such rollers when resting on others, to which they are at right angles; tupai g. perahu, a squirrel (sciurus rafflesii); galangan, a slipway; galangkan, (1) to lay a boat on rollers; (2) to interpose a bar to a descending blow; nmenggalang, to be in the way, to obstruct; tergalang, aground, of boats-cf. alang, palang and malang. galas, mennggalas, carrying on the back by means of a sling or support. galek, golak-g., the wrong way about. gali, digging; mnnggali, to dig; galian, a surface - mine; pinggali, a spade. GAMPANG galir, I. flowing or running rapidly but evenly; perkataan yang g., fluent but foolish talk-cf. alir. II. kain g., the curtain used in a puppet-show. galls, Hind., Pen. a pair of braces. galoh, Jav. a princess; 9. diDaha, the Princess of Daha. galur, rebounding, going back; ombak g., receding waves; stisur-g., tracing back, e.g. a pedigree. gamak, I. menggamak, to threaten by gesture, by starting to do or touch. II. guessing; approximately estimating; gamakgamak, approximately. gamam, tergamam, thunderstruck, amazed; gopoh g., eagerly hurrying. gamat, an edible sea-worm; g. pisang, a sea-worm (stichopus variegatus). gambang, Jav. a musical instrument. gambar, representation, picture, statue, model; g. di - larek, a polished image; g. tulisan, a sketch; tergambar, imaged, pictured, represented. gambir, gambier (uncaria gambir). gamboh, a professional dancinggirl from Java or Madura; bergamboh or bermain g., to dance (of such girls). gamelan, a Javanese orchestra. gamgam, Ked. naik g., to get angry, to flare up. gamis, Ar. a shirt. gamit, m~nggamit, to beckon with the fingers; to solicit (of a prostitute); to sway inwards, of a pendulous body. gamoh, a large water vessel. gampang, light; of little account; gampangkan, to render easy, [ 68 1

GAN simplify; anak g., a child of doubtful paternity. gan, Ked. putting off a creditor. gana, I. Skr. sang yang G., Ganesha, the Hindu deity. II. guna-gana, confused; mentally befogged. ganas, fierce (of animals);hariinau g., a man-eating tiger, mengganas, to be fierce. ganchang, nimble, agile. ganchu, a long crook for pulling down fruit or branches; hooks for holding open a mosquito net. ganda, I. fold (in expressions such as "two-fold," "threefold"); sa-kali g., once; g.berganda, time after time; over and over again; gandakan, to repeat, to double. II. Skr. perfume, fragrance-a component part in the name of many plants. gandam, coloured by betel-chewing (of the teeth). gandan, gebar 9., a rich, embroidered coverlet for a couch. gandar, the lever of a rice-pounder (le'song hindek); g. chinchin, the claws (in a ring) which hold the gem in position. gandariah, a plant (unidentified). gandarokam, a plant (unid.). gandarusa, a medicinal plant (justicia gandarusa). gandasuli, a plant (hedychium coronarium). gandek, a frontal ornament worn by a bride. gandewa, Skr. a bow (used by heroes of romance). gandi, Skr. a bow; = gandewa; main g., archery. gandin, a mallet. gandis, = kandis. gandong, light logs attached as outriggers to a native boat to give it greater steadiness. GANTI gandu, buah ganda, a hard black fruit (unidentified) used as a ball or marble in some children's games. gandum, Pers. corn, wheat; t6 -pong g., flour. gang, a brazier's chisel; 9. bulat, id., with a rounded edge; g. ranchong, id., with a sharp-cut point. Gangga, Skr. the deified Ganges; a fabulous monster; Betara G., the deified Ganges. ganggang, roasting above a firecf. panggang. ganggu, importunate; worrying. ganggut, to graze, grazing. gangsa, Skr. bell-metal, bronze. gangsi, Ked. me.nggangsi, to perfume cloth with incense-smoke; = mengukup. ganja, I. bhang or Indian hemp (cannabis sativa). II. the guard at the top of a keris blade; keris g. iras, a kIris with the guard and blade in one piece. ganjak, berganjak, edging forward or backward slightly; shifting one's seat. ganjal, Ked. = ganjil-cf. also gasal. ganjapuri, Ked. -= kachapuri. ganjar, a long pike used as an emblem of rank. ganjat, abnormal, extraordinary. ganjil, uneven, odd (of a number). ganju, Pk., a form of divination to discover criminals. gantang, I. a measure of capacity. II. guling-g., rolling over and over. ganteh, N.S. barrel-shaped, thick in the centre, of pillars the horns of cattle and cupolas. ganti, substitute; changing the one thing for another; stead, instead; g. rugi, compensation [ 69 ]

GANTONG GAYANG for injury; gantian or pergantian, a substitute; gantikan or menggantikan, to substitute, to replace; berganti, in place of; berganti-g., in turns, successively replacing. gantong, suspension, dependence, hanging; gantongkan, to hang anything up; bergantong, in dependence on; hanging; bergantong rambut sa-hglai, hanging by a single thread; tempat buleh bergantong, home; a place to which one can attach oneself. ganyah, gonyoh-ganyah, to rub down; to scrub vigorously. ganyut, half cooked; hard inside of yams, potatoes. gapah, gopoh-gapah, in great haste; hurry-scurry. gapil, menggapil, to carry off quietly or unconsciously. gapis, a tree with tawny blossoms, Saraka sp. gara, - gahara. garak, guling-garak, r o 11 i n g about uneasily. garam, salt; 9. angin, effervescent salts; ibu g., brine, coarsegrained salt; buboh g., to flavour with salt. garang, fierce, savage, quick-tempered; menggarang, to fly into a passion. garau, hoarse, raucous (of the voice). garfu, Port. a table-fork. gari, I. handcuffs. II. Port. malau g:, (Kedah) sealing-wax. garing, I. a kind of satchel or basket. II. crisp and dry (of food). garis, scratching; b S r g a r i s, scratched. garok, me.nggarok, to scratch; also garu. garu, = garok. garut, = garok. gas, Eng. minyak 9., kerosene oil; kereta g., a motor-car; - kereta " engine." gasak, to do anything vigorously; to hit; to eat gluttonously; g. lari, (slang) to abscond; to " clear out." gasal, Ked. odd, uneven of numbers; = ganjil. gasang, incontinent; lustful; passionate. gasing, a spinning-top. gat, = megat. gatal, itchy; lustful; sakit g., the itch (as a disease); miang g., extremely itchy or lascivious. gatek, Pat. I. me. gaul, champur g., very much mixed or confused; = champur baur. gaung, I. sound dulled or confused by echo; reverberation. II. a ravine; bergaung, overhanging, of cliffs. gawa, see penggava. gawai, I. a tool or instrument; pegawai, an agent; a district officer. II. Hind. from Port., a topsail. gawar, a token or mark placed across a road to signify that passage is prohibited; gawargawar or gegawar, quarantine; tembak g., to fire in the air so as to warn robbers off the premises. gaya, Skr. bearing, manner, tone: rupa g., appearance and ways; g. usul, manner and bearing: bergaya, affected; tiada bergaya lagi, losing all consciousness. gayam, bhah g., the Otaheite chestnut. gayang, light-headed, with a "head"' after a debauch. [ 70 ]

GAYAT gayat, giddy from looking down a great height. gayong, I. a ladle of half a coconut shell with a handle attached. II. bTrgayang, to fence or box; also main gayong. gayu, N.S. old of persons and trees. gayut, hanging from a rope or bough (as a monkey). gaz, Pers. a measure of length mentioned in old romances; it represented about 33 inches. gebar, a counterpane; g. gandan, a rich embroidered coverlet. gebeng, I. a long native boat with a rudder of the European type. II. Eng. cabin. gebu, delicate in texture; g. chantek, daintily pretty; pasir g., fine light sand. gedabir, loose folds of skin (the dewlap of an ox, the gills of a cock); also getlambir. gedang, I. Sum., N.S. great, large; = besar. I. gedangkan, to stretch out the arms at right angles. gidebong, I. a sort of bamboo box or receptacle. II. envelopeshaped pouch. gedek, me,ogedek-n9edek, (Pk.) to exhibit an article for sale. Gedembai, Ked. - Kelembai. gedemi, Ked. =- gemri. gedok, I. Ked. - bedok. II. gedok-ge'dak, bumping, of the noise of a rumbling cart. gedombak, a single - membrane drum. gedong, an office, store or magazine; a " godown." gedubang, an Achehnese cutlass. gedubil, Ked. muka g., brazen faced. gegai, Pk. weak in construction of houses, boats. gegak, noise, uproar (especially GrLANG the din of battle); g. gnempita, extreme uproar. gegala, = gala-gala. gegaman, Jav. weapons; armed soldiery. gegap, = gegak. gegar, quivering; shaking. gegas, a movable hatch or planking in a Malay boat. gegasing, a variant of gasing. gegat, a small insect which bores holes in clothes, books, etc.; the " silver fish." gegawar, see gawar. gegipi, Pah. a malodorous bug. geger, noisy panic; the clamour of fear or anxiety. gelabir, = gelanibir. gelabur, to fall "plump" into water. geladak, the deck of a ship. geladir, a large movable piece of planking in a ship's side-removed to facilitate loading. gelagah, a wild sugar-cane (saccharum glaga). gelak, to laugh; tertawa golakgelak, to laugh peals of laughter. gelakak, a chuckling laugh. gelam, I. a tree (melaleuca-leucodendron). II. the name of a tribe of the Orang Laut. III. burong gelam, a name given to the bird ardetta cinnamomea. gelama, a generic name given to a number of fish including gerres oyena and (g. pan ang) otolithus argenteus. g/lambir, the dewlap of an ox, the gills of a cock; also g#labir. gelang, a bracelet or anklet; g. cheri, a bangle; 9. kaki, an anklet; g. kana, a (Javanese) armlet; 9. kunchi, a key-ring; dawai g., wire wrapped round a cylindrical surface, e.g. the neck of a bottle; pegelangan, [ 71 ]1

GtLANGGANG the wrist; penggIlaig, id.; pergql angan kaki, the ankle. gelanggang, cockpit; a circular space; g. ayam, a cockpit; 9. susa, the dark circle round the teat. gelap, dark; obscure; surreptitious, secret; g. katup, pitchy dark; 9. gulita, id; chandu g., (1) smuggled chandu, (2) an unlicensed prostitute; mata-mata g., a detective. gelar, gelari, to bestow a title or designation; gelarau, a title; bergelar, entitled; possessing a title. gelasar, menggelasar, to slip, slide, as a man on slippery ground. gelatek, = jelatek. gelatok, mnnqgelatok. to chatter (of the teeth). gelebar, to flap continuously-cf. kibar. gelebau, a monkey (unid.). gelecha, Hind. a light quilt-mattress. geledang, menggeldang, to stretch out the arms at right angles to the body. geleding, mrnggqlgdinq, to become warped (of wood). geledoh, seething = beludoh. gelpgak, I. boiling up, bubbling (of hot water), of a crowd of chickens. II. a heavy wooden sounding-block. gblfgar, a girder on which floorjoists rest. gelegata, nettle-rash. gelegut, = g~lugut. gelek, to roll over, as the wheel of a vehicle over a man; to roll from side to side as a boat to get it off a mud-bank; bergelek, rolling gently from side to side. Cf. golek. gElEkak, menggilekak, to crunm GIWLI ble away (as the plaster on a wall). gelema, phlegm; mucus in the throat. geleman, geli-g., on edge, of nerves at rasping noise. gil61Cmat, decking over the bows and stern of a boat. gMlembong, a buLble; anything blown out with wnd; g.elmbongan, a blown-out bladder made of a chicken's crop; mneggelembong, to be puffed out (of the cheeks). gelempang, outstretched (as a man on the ground with arms extended). g!lempok, gelempok-gemok, extremely fat. geltmpong, a spongy kind of lint used for staunching the flow of blood. g/6e!mpong, gelgmpong-gelempang, sound of drums. gelenggang, a medicinal plant (cassia alata). gel6ntang, guling-g., rolling over and over; -- guling-gantang. gElentar, menng.qelentar, to quiver, to tremble. Cf. kOtar, gemetar, gegetar. gleCnyar, mnenggl6nyar, to tingle. gelepek, to lie slackly upon anything (as a sail against a mast). gelpong, menggelgpong, to fall heavily into water. gilHtar, mengoqelar, to quiver, to tremble. Cf. ketar, gem~tar, g el6ntar. geletek, menggeletek, to be ticklish, restless as fish in a basket. gEitek, menggel~tek, to wriggle as worms or snakes. gle-ting, = leting. geli, ticklish; desiring to laugh; g. hati, tickled, amused; g. g&man or g. geleman, on edge, of nerves from a rasping t 72 I

GELIANG ONiLULUR or scraping noise; pe.nggeli hati, things that rouse mirth, humorous tales. geliang, geliang-geliat, to writhe, to wriggle as a snake. geliat, menggeliat, to writhe. g~libat, = kelibat. gelichau, menggelichau, chirping, of birds. geliga, see guliga. geligin, a cross-rod holding the cloth against the yard-beam in a weaver's loom. Also geliging. geligis, menggeligis, to shudder. geligit, to keep biting-cf. gigit. gelinchir, slipping away to the side; trgelinchir, slipped, e.g. tergelinchir kaki-nya lalu jatoh, his foot slipped and he fell. gelinchoh, to stumble. gelindong, a reel; a roller, used in a rice-field. gelin, Pk. harassed with work, hurried. geling, to shake the head in denial. gelinggam, = sedelinggam. gelingsir, side-slip; g= gelinchir. gelintar, = halintar. geliong, I. Eur. a galleon. II. = geliang. gelip, = kelip. gelisah, me.nggelisah, to fidget, to move restlessly. gelisek, Ked. = selisek. gelita, = gulita. geliut, geliang-g., wriggling-cf. gqliang. gelobok, menggelobok, to gurgle as water when a bottle is filled. gelodar, I. m~nggelodar, to struggle for freedom, in water. II. turbid (of water). gl!ogok, to menace; bluff. geloh, = keloh. g6lohok, tgrgelohok, broken in continuity, gaping as a seam, planed boards, scanty eyebrows. Also tergelehok. gelojoh, gluttonous. gelok, a water vessel made of coconut shell. gelomang, bergelomang, to roll one's wet body in dust, flour, etc. gelombang, long rolling waves, rollers;0. bunga lepang, rollers with white crests; g. kepala kera, choppy rollers; 9. mangkok, an eddy; a whirlpool; hempasan g., breakers; the surf-line. gelomor, menggelomor, to dirty. g~loneng, a small song forming a part of the Javanese gamelan. gelong, I. a cutting or channel; the navigable channel for entering a river. II. a loop (of rattan). III. Ked. an elephant track; -= denai. gelongsong, = klongsong. gelongsor, mngg9elongsor, to slip vertically down a shute or pole. Cf. gqlinjgsir (which is a sideslip). Also gelunchur. gelopak, = kelopak. gelorah, Ar. stormy, troubled; trouble, care; also gelurat. gelosok, to scrub vigorously; an intensive form of gosok. gelosor, =- gelo.nsor. gelotak. menggelotak, to remove a hard husk. geluga, a red dye; ka.Lu 9., the tree (unid.) from which this red dye is obtained. gelugur, asam.., a tree with orange acid fruits used in flavouring curries (garcinia atroviridis); a fluted pattern in art. gelugut, menggglugut, to shiver; to quiver; to chatter (of the teeth). gelulur, mnngglhilhir. to slip and roll as a person at football. t[ 3 ]

Gt~LUMAT ge~lumat, ge'h6nzat. ge'lumur, g 9lomnor. glunchur, wm~igge-luinchur. gilongsor. ge'Iup, m~nggN11p, to fall out (of the teeth). ge'lupar, M ~upar. ge'lupas, kdnpas. ge1upur, k~Iupur. ge'lurat, Ar. =g~lorah. ge'lut, be-rqp~ut, to strive, to contest, to compete -especially in boat-racing (b~rg~lut lanchaiig). ge'ma, echo, reverberation. ge'mak, = g~niap. g~mal, a clump, a cluster; be-rg~mal-g., in clusters (of small stalks). g~mala, a talisman; a luminous bezoar; also k~mala. ge'malai, lMiah g., extremel-y weak; also kHinalai. g~man, g~li g., feeling repulsion at the sight of filth. ge'mang, thick; barrel-shaped. ge'map, tergenmap, taken aback; thunderstruck. 9'mr, c~mari, to like; to take pleasure in; kHgnMaran, (delight. g~mas, anger. envy, annoyance. gemaung, murmur, of a crowd. g~mbak, a tuft of grass; a lock of hair; also gombak. g6mbal, = kHmbal. g,6mba~a, Sjr. a man employed to look after animals; 9. anljil9n,. a dog-boy; g. ayami, a poultrytender; g. gajiah, a muahout; q. kambinmg, a shepherd or goat - herd; g. kuda, a groom. g~mbar, =kin bar. ge'mbira, passion, fire, excitement; naik g., to become inpirited; s ua ra q., a rousing voice. ge'mbul, a hemispherical excrescence; a knob on a tree-trunk. ge~mbong, =k-m bong. GtIMtTAR ge'mbur, loose of earth, friable; unfinished (of a road). g~mbut, I. surface motion (the agitating cause being below the surface);the movement of sand when an animal is digging un(lerneath; the movement of bed clothes over a sleeper; the throbbing of the fontanel. JIL a canopy borne by an elephant. III. a golden betel-nut box. ge&m~Iai, g~malai. gc'm6lan, =game'lan. gi~m~atok, shaking of the chin with cold or fear. gC-m'&I'gutq gem~uig at. gem~eItak (onom.), shaking, (juivering-cf. g9nmer~tak. gl~mc-mItap (onom.), continuous tapping-cf. 9~m~r~tap. ge6mRe1tok, a variant of g~m6 -le'tak. gcilm~Iugut, continuous shivering and trembling. ge6mntam (onom.), a crashing sound. g46mCntar, trembling all over; also g~me'tar-cf. gq~nlar, k~tar, etc. gi~mm6rechak (onom.), the plash of oars or paddles. g,6m,6rechek (onom.), a slight splashing sound. g,6m,6renchang (onom.), continual clanking or changing. gi~m,6erncheng (onom.), continual ringing or tinkling. gOm~r~sek (onom.), continual rustling or crackling. gOm,6retak (onom.), =ge'mgletak gOm~retap (onom.), continuous tapping-cf. g~m,61tap. gl~merlap, glittering, shimmering, sparling; g~m~rapan, id. g~m~rotok (onom.), a continuous clatter. g~m~tar, trembling all over; also ge6niutar-cf. ke'tar g6ntar, etc. [ 74:i

GtMI gemi, ikan gemi, the sucking-fish. gemilang, shining, dazzling, glittering; gilang - g., resplendent, radiant. gemok, fat, plump; rich, of soil; gelempok-g., extremely fat. gemonglai, -- kemalai. gempa, an earthquake; a cataclysm. gempal, average (in size or build). g.mpar, noise, clamour; disturbing rumours or sounds. gempita, Skr. noise; gegak 9., extreme uproar. gemuroh, the roll of thunder; the roar of many waters; the murmur of an angry crowd; thunderous. genahar, a cauldron, e.g. for making sugar; the crater of a volcano. genang, I. ge'nang-g., a native sweetmeat. II. to flow (of tears); = linang. genap, complete, full, even; dua puloh g., a full score; sa-genap, every; sa-telah g., on the completion of. genchok, giving a twisting motion to the pounder when pounding rice. genda, sa-genda, matching, balancing. gendala, hindrance; obstruction; difficulty; aral 9., id. gendali, a Palembang type of shoe. gendang, a native drum; 9. Batak, a name given to certain instruments of the monochord and primitive zither type; g. Keling, a drum (both sides of which are beaten by the drummer): g. m6 -lela, a drum (one side of which is beaten with the hand and the other with a drum-stick); 9..raga, a large drum used to sum GSNTANG-G- NIT mon people to mosque; s agendang, a large bundle (of cigarettes). gendap, juru 9., the leading drummer in a Malay band. genderang, a war-drum, statedrum or processional drum-cf. gendang. gendir, a Javanese musical instrument mentioned in literature. gendis, Jav. sugar. gendit, a belt. a girdle: also kendit. gendong, = kendong. gendut, heavy and pendulous (of the stomach). geneh, the teeth in a cow-elephant corresponding to the tusks in the male. Also genis. genggam, grasp; to seize in the closed hand; sa-g., a handful; genggamkan, to seize in the closed hand; to seize in its talons (of a bird). genggang, a fabric of cloth. genggeng, to carry an object by seizing a small portion of it between the teeth; siput g., a shell (nautilus pompilius). genggong, a sort of Jew's harp made of bamboo. genggulang, an altar used by Malay pawang. genjala, lamp-black. geniang, Pen. awry; crookedaslant, not parallel; out of line; g.-gen jut, zigzag. geniur, =- knjur. genjut, I. aslant, awry-v. genjanl9. genta, Skr. a bell; goyang 9., to ring a bell. gentala, a magic wheeled car (in contradistinction to a flying chariot); na.qa g., a fabled dragon of monstrous size. gentang-genit, wavy and tapering to a point (as a creese). [ 75 1

GINTAR gentar, quivering. shaking, trembling-cf. ketar and gementar. gentas, to pluck (a flower) breaking a stalk. gentat, shrunken or withered on one side of bones, of a limefruit. gentel, a pellet; to roll up a pellet between thumb and fingertips. genting, I. extremely slender; pinggang g., wasp-waisted. II. a pass between hills. III. atap genting, a tiled roof. gentong, a large earthenware tub or jar. genyut, not parallel; out of line. gepoh, gepoh-gepoh, Ked. a padlock. gepok, a small watch-shaped tobacco-box. gera, reminding; drawing attention to. gerabang, gerabang pari, strips of salted skate preserved for food; menggerabang, in strips, of a wall with several planks out; of tattered fabrics. gerachang, -- kerachang. g~ragas, to scramble into a house for an illicit love-affair. geragau, a small shrimp. gerah, = k~rah. geraham, a molar tooth; g. bongsu, a wisdom tooth; also gerham. gerai, a sleeping-dais or platform. g^rak, motion, movement; g. hati, impulse; berggrak, to move, to stir; mnenggerakkan, to give motion to. geram, I. Pers., warm (of anger, courage or passion); membri p., to excite; naik g., to become excited; menggeram, id. II. (Dutch) the frame-work of a house. gerambi, a curved dagger. GtRtHAM gerang, eager, keen. gerang, I. an oily cosmetic obtained by burning coconut-husks and other vegetable substances. II. see 9geranga.n. gerangan, perchance, perhapsor expression suggesting doubt or interrogation; bulan pernama gerangan jatoh daripada langit yang ketujoh, can it be that the full moon has fallen from the seventh heaven. gerangau, =g9rengau. gerapai, mnnggerapai, to fumble with the hands; to feel about. gerapak, Pen. to bluff, attempting to frighten. gerau, Ked. a palace cook. gerayang, menggerayang, to go about picking up odds and ends. gerbak, to spread (of an odour). gerbang, spread out; extended; pintu g., the main gate; menggerbang, to open or spread out; to be dishevelled (of hair). gerbong, =- kerubong. gerebak, a noisy clapper used to frighten squirrels and birds from fruit-trees. geredak, (onom.), a heavy bumping sound. Cf. gedok. ger6dam, (onom.), a heavy repeated slamming sound. ger6dok, (onom.), a duller variant of the sound represented by geredak. geredum (onom.), a deeper variant of the sound represented by geredam. gbregak, I. g.-geregau, opening and closing the hands; darting about in search of food. II. a bamboo clapper, - gerebak. geregau, geregak-g., opening and closing the hands; see geregak. ger6hak, (onom.), coughing up phlegm. gereham, = gerham. [ 76 ]

GtREJA gereja, Port. a church. gerek, I. menggerek, to bore; pengerek, sengerek, awl. II. eager, keen; - gerang. geremut, menggeenmut, to throb (of a boil); to crowd, of persons, insects. gerenchang (onom.), a continually repeated clanging noise. gerendeng, snappish, irritable. gerenek, tremulous and low (of a voice). gereng, Ked. to bluff, of fighting cocks or fishes. gerengau, clawing; scratching. gerengseng, I. a brass vessel used in cooking. II. Jav. kain gerengseng wayang, a pattern of sarong much referred to in literature. gerentam (onom.), menggerentam, to stamp the feet; also geretam. gerenyau, restless, of children. geresah, Ked. longing, pining. geritak, to urge on, spur on; to stimulate by sarcasm; kena 9., to get "one's leg pulled "; menggeretakkan kuda, to spur on a horse. geretam (onom.), mengg eretam, to stamp in anger; also gerentam. geretok (onom.), a sound such as that of a carpet being beaten. gergaii, a saw; yu g., the large saw fish; habok g., saw dust; also gaji-gaji. gergasi, Skr. a tusked man-eating demon; a name given to the aborigines of Kedah. gerham, a molar tooth; 9. bongsu, a wisdom tooth; also geraham. gerhana, Skr. eclipse; kena g., to suffer eclipse-a metaphor for a great man under calamity. geri, a nervous movement; an involuntary or unconscious ges GtRONDONG geriang, g.-geresah, intensely longing. gerichau, menggerichau, to chatter (of a shrilly twittering bird). gerigi, tooth-edged; regularly serrted-cf. gigi and gerigis. gerigis, jagged; irregularly serrated-cf. gigi and gerigi. gerim (onom.), kain. gerim, a coarse flannel cloth. gerinda, batu gerinda, a whetstone; a stone used for filing teeth. gerindam, I. Ked. = gerinda. II. = gurindam. gering, sick (of a prince); 9. alu,, a prince's head-ache; g. tengah, stomach-ache. gerinjam, an ear-cleaner. gerit I. (onom.), the gnawing of a inouse-cf. kerit. II. akar g9ritgerit, a generic name for a number of rubber-vines belonging to the order apocynacee. gerlap, = kerlap. gerling, kerling. germang, menggermang, to bristle up (of short hair). germit, Pen. an auger; a drill. gerobok, I. Jav. a crockery chest. II. menggerobok, to bubble up (of boiling water). Geroda, Skr. burong Geroda, the eagle or "Garuda" of Vishnu. gerodak (onom.), thumping, e.g., of the sound of stones against the sides of a box. gerodi, Tam. an auger; also gurdi. gerogoh, a barrel-like trap for prawns. geroh, constitutional bad luck; persistent misfortune. gerok, a wrapper used to prevent a heavy fruit (such as a nangka or chempedak) falling to the ground through its own weight. geronchong, = keronchong. gerondong, = gondong. t 77 ]

GEIRONG gerong (onom.), menggerong, to growl (of a wild beast). geronggang, hollow; lacking in kernel or core. geronggong, I. the name of a tree (cratoxylon arborescens). II. a stinging medusa or jellyfish much feared by Malays. geronyot, giving a twinge, of pain. geropoh (onom.), menggeropoh, to splash about. gersek, gravel, coarse sand; also kersek. gertak, I. a bridge. II.=geretak. geru, menggeru, to trumpet (of elephant). gerugul, hantu gerugul, an evil spirit of the forest. geruit, menggeruit, to wriggle out (as a worm leaving its hole). gerun, I. panic, alarm. II. Sum. jungle; kambing g., the Malay serow (nemnorhcedus swettenhami. geruning, a large lizard (unid.). gerup, a portion of a Malay loom in which the comb ( sisir) is fixed. gerus, sandpapering; polishing; di - g~rus, polished, of certain Bugis fabrics. gerut, ikan gerut - gerut, a fish (pristipoma hasta). gerutu, = kerutu. gerutup (onom.), the noise of artillery fire. gesek, rubbing or scraping a sharp edge against anything; menggesek biola, to play the violin-cf. gesel and geser. gesel, rubbing two sticks or other light bodies together, e.g., in ignition by friction-cf. geser and gesek. geser, scraping past each other (as two ships striking each other at an extremely acute angle)cf. gesek and gesel. GHALI geta, Skr. a sleeping-platform; a broad sofa or couch; g. kerajaan, a royal divan; g. peraduan, a state bed. ^etah, latex or gum produced by trees; gutta; caoutchouc; birdlime; gum; pokok g., a caoutchouc-yielding tree; burong digetah, a limed bird; g. ipoh, the poisonous sap of the ipoh (antiaris toxicaria) used as dart-poison; g. jelutong (dyera costulata); g. percha, (dichopsis gutta); also g. taban merah; g. taban puteh, (dichopsis obovata). getang, = ketang. getar, - ketar. getek, ioose in gait or manner; menunjok g., to assume a "fast" manner; loose conduct; menggetek ikan, to fish using rod and line with a live fish as bait. geti-geti, a Malay cake. getil, pinching, nipping-cf. k&tip, ketam, getu, etc. getis, meng-getis, to break the stalk of a flower. getu, nipping between the fingernails; menggetu kuman, to kill a louse or flea-cf. getil, ketip, etc. gewang, a large shell-fish (portions of which are constantly used in the Straits Settlements as paper-weights). ghafur, Ar. very forgiving; all merciful (of God); ya Ghafur ur-Rahim, oh. most forgiving and merciful One!-a common superscription to letters. ghaib, Ar. hidden, concealed, obscure; ghaib-lah ia, he vanished; perkataan yang ghaib, mysterious words; rijal ulg h a i b, spirits presiding over good and evil fortune; also (colloquially) raip. ghali, Eur. a galley. [ 78 ]

GHALIB ghalib, Ar. victorious, conquering. ghalias, Eur. a galleass; a large galleon. gharib, Ar. foreign; a stranger. ghulam, Ar. a slave. gi, Hind. ghee; clarified butter. gian, exhausted (of money); penniless. giang, = miang. giat, menggiat, to tease. giau, pisau penggiau, a bill-hook. gibas, = kibas, II. gigi, tooth; the serrated or rippling edge of anything; g. a n j i n g or g. asu, the canine teeth; g. ayer, the rippled sur face of water; the edge of the sea (on the beach); g. b erdukong, overlapping teeth; g. hutan, the uneven fringes of the jungle; g. jentera, the teeth of a toothed wheel; g. kapak, large front teeth; g. laiit, high-watermark; g. manis, the incisor teeth; g. parang-parang, small separated teeth; g. sisir, the teeth of a rake or comb; g. sulong, the four front teeth; g. tikus, small regular teeth; penchungkil g., a toothpick-cf. gigit, gerigi, gerigis. gigit, mnenggigit, biting; to bite -cf. gigi. gila, mad, insane; g. babi, epilepsy; g. bahasa, cracked, eccentric; g. berahi, madly in love; g. urat, g. ekur, amative, salacious; anyam g., pattern in mnngkuang work; murai g., a fantail flycatcher (rhipadura, spp.); yu g., a fish (chyloscillium indicum); gilakan, or menggilakan, to be mad after (with love)-cf. Jav. edan. gilang, I. shining; g. gemilang, radiant, dazzling, resplendentcf. gilap. II. a kind of toddy; a GOBEK drink mentioned in old romances. gilap, lustrous, of a polished surface; reflected, of light-cf. gilang. gilau, = kilau. giling, to roll into a spherical or cylindrical shape; rolling up a cigarette; grinding curry- stuff with a stone roller; batu g., a roller for grinding curry-spices; gilingan, N.S. axle of waterwheel. gilir, occurrence in succession; turn; ia dudok sampai giliran tari-nya, he sat down tiii ii came to his turn to dance; bergilirgilir, in succession; in turn. gilis, Sel. = linggis. ginchah, = kinchah. ginjat, terginjat - ginjat, moving about on tiptoe. girap, to quicken the stroke when rowing. Cf. kirap. giri, Skr. mountain - in compounds such as Indera-giri. giring, I. mnenggiring, to drive (wild elephants). II. giring - giring, a sort of bell made out of sea-shell. gisal, to rub, e.g., a seed-pod or a powder in the palms of the hands. gisar, menggisar, to twist; to give a twisting motion to anything-cf. kisar. giwah, Pers. a shoe. goa, I. Skt. a cave; kelawar g., a bat (chiromeles torquatus); kambing g., the Malayan serow. II. Ch. 1, me. gobar, I. Ar. gloomy, sombre, over-cast (as a sky when a storm is brewing). II. spreading, of a rumour. gobek, an areca - nut pounder (used by the toothless); g. api, a fire-syringe; anak g., chalak [ 79 ]

GOCHOH g., pestle; toinbong g., removable base of pounder. gochoh, to push with the fist; gochohi, to so strike (a blow); mnnggochoh, to so strike (a person). goda, spurring on; harassing; menggoda, to urge on. godak, nasi g., a preparation of rice for use as medicine. godam, menggodam, to strike a heavy blow, e.g., with a mace; penggodam, a club or knuckleduster. godek, tergodek-godek, wagging, like a dog's tail. godok, g. kepala, the occipital bone. gogoh, shivering with extreme cold. gogol, a long-handled chisel used by braziers. goha, = goa. golak, g.-galek, topsy-turvy-cf. bolak-balek. golang, g.-golek, to sway (of a spherical or cylindrical body). golek, easily swaying; easily shaken or rolled; golang - g., swaying or rocking; hantu g., a sheeted ghost believed to propel itself by rolling along the ground; sampan g., (Penang) the common Chinese sampan. goli, = guli. golok, a chopper for clearing jungle. golot, bergolot - g., with fussy energy. Cf. gelut. gomba, Skr. the frontlet of an elephant. gombak, a tuft (of grass); a lock (of hair); also gembak. gombala, = g~mbala. gombang, an anchored pursenet; also pompang. gomeng, = komeng. gomol, bergomol, to wrestle. GOSOK gompong, a clump of nipah after the leaves have been cut off. gonchang, to cause anything to rock or sway; to shake, e.g., a bottle or a branch; gonchangkan and nenggonchang, id. gondah, sad, despondent; g. gulana, id.; gondohkan, to sorrow after. gondang, siput gondong, a generic name for several marine shells of the genus doliumn; g. bukit, a land shell (cyclophorus, sp.). gondok, squat, of the neck; leher g., bull-necked. gondol, bare; hairless; treeless. gondong, Pat. goitre. gong, a gong [with a hemispherical protuberance, while the chanang has not]; pemukll g., the striker of a gong. gonggong, I. seizing and carrying off in the mouth (as a dog or bird). II. a generic name for a number of shells (mostly of the genus strombus). goni, = guni. gonjak, to hint; kena g., to "have one's leg pulled" by a flatterer. gonjing, bergonjing, to wrangle, of children. gonjong, acute-angled, of a woman's coiffure (sanggul). gonyeh, to chew between toothless gums. gonyoh, to rub out impurities; scrubbing (when bathing). gopoh, to hurry; g. - gapah or g. mamang, hurry-scurry. gopong, N.S. a coconut shell bowl in rattan holder = sekunl. gorap, Ar. an Arab dhow. goreng, frying in a pan; Pen. to "butter up," flatter. goris, a scratched line; g. api, matches. gosok, gosokkan, to scrub, rub; [ 80 ]

GOYANG menggosok and menggosokkan, id. goyang, bergoyang to shake; to sway-cf. gonchang. gu, a (double) yoke for bullocks; - igu-cf. kok. gua, = goa. guam, I. thrush in children. II. peguam, Kel., lawyer, pleader. gubah, wearing in the hair (as a flower or jewelled ornament is worn); di-gubah, pressed into a flowerlike pattern, of slices of boiled egg. gubal, the portion (of a treetrunk) immediately under the bark; nyior g., a coconut with the husk off. gubang, I. a one-masted sea-going perahu of a Bugis type. II. a notch cut in a tree - trunk to facilitate climbing. guchi, a vessel of glazed earthenware. gudang, a store-house; a godown. gudu, gudu - gudu, a hookah, a hubble-bubble. gugur, to miscarry; premature fall (of fruit); a sudden and unnatural fall; g. pengsan, to fall in a faint; bintang g., a falling star. gugus, patchy; g. pulau-pulau, an archipelago; bergugus-g., in patches, in clusters, e.g., of rambai, langsat, of football players in a scrimmage. guit, a gentle sidelong push with the foot. Cf. knit. gula, sugar; sugary substances obtained from plants; g. batu, loaf sugar; g. Melaka, coconut sugar; g. pasir, granular sugar; menggulakan, flattering, "buttering up." gulai, currying; curried food; mCnggulai, to prepare curry. GUNTONG gulana, gondah g., despondent; sad. guli, Skt. main g., to play marbles. guliga, a bezoar-stone; batu g., id. guling, to roll, revolving; g. gantang, rolling over and over; g.garak, rolling uneasily; gulingkan, to roll (a cylindrical object); terguling-g., rolling about. gulita, gelap g., pitchy dark. gulong, menggulong, rolling up; tikar dua g., two mats. gumpal, spherical lump or clod; bergumpal g., clotted, coagulated. gumpong, Ked. a clump of thick jungle. gun, Ked. gently rising ground. guna, Skr. use, utility; magic art; ubat g., a philtre; apa g., why? for what purpose; gunakan, to make use of; berguna, useful. gunawan, Skr. skilled in magic art —v. guna. gundek, an inferior wife of a prince, i.e., a wife married formally to his keris or to his bulang hulu, but not to the prince himself. gundi, decorated with coloured paper; kembal g., baskets so decorated and used at weddings (Pk.). gunggang, Pah. hollow. Cf. g6 -ronggang. gunggong, = gonggong. guni, Hind. a sack; a "gunnybag." gunjai, a fringe or ornamental tassel at the end of a puggaree. gunong, a mountain. guntak, the rattle of pips in a dry fruit. gunting, shearing; shears, scissors; menggunting, to cut with a pair of scissors. guntong, I. stumpy through the removal of a projection; cutting [ 81 ]

GUNTUR short; tiang g., a mast when the top-mast has been removed. II. a hill-locked basin. guntur, thunder. gurau, sporting, jesting, flirting; g. jenaka, quips and cranks; senda g., dalliance, flirtation; bergurau, to flirt, to sport. gurdi, Tam. an auger; also gerodi. guri, a small vessel of earthenware. gurindam, Tam. a proverbial verse; a well - known saying appositely quoted. gurita, Sk., ikan g., octopus. guroh, thunder-cf. gemuroh. HAIWAN guru, Skr. a teacher; mak g. or siti g., a school-mistress; Betara G., Siva. gus, together; all at a time; collectively; di - tembak - nya tiga kali gus, they all fired together three times, i.e., they fired three volleys. gusar, Hind. taking offence; jangan g., do not be offended, gusari, to become angry. gusi, the gums. gusti, I. Jav. a title of some distinction; master, lord. II. Pers. wrestling; bermnain g., or bergusti, to wrestle. III. Hind. instalnients of loan with interest. IH habat, way, manner. ihabis, done, finished; entirely; the end of; bhlum h., not yet finished; sa-habis-habis, utterly, completely; habisi, to come to an end of; habiskan, to put an end to; penghabisan, termination, end. hablok, Hind. piebald (of a horse). hablur, - abtlur. habok, I. dust, chaff, powder; }. gergaji, sawdust. II. Pk., traps, belongings. Habshi, Ar. Abyssinian, Ethiopian, Negro; orang H., a Negro. had, Ar. up to, as far as. Also hat. Jhadap, position in front of; raja di-hadap mant~ri-nya sakalian, a prince with his ministers before him; hadapan, front; portion in front; di - hadapan. in the presence of, in front of; ka- hadapan, to the front, forward; hadapi or ming hadapi, to face; hadapkan or menghadapkan, to set in front, to place in front; menghadap or mengadap, to enter the presence of (a prince); to have an audience of a superior. hadas, Ar., mandi h., ablution after menstruation. hadiah, Ar. a gift; a present. hadis, Ar. the traditional sayings and deeds of the Prophet. Also hadith. hadzir, Ar. presence; to be present; also pronounced hathir. hadzrat, Ar. presence; the royal presence; majesty. hafal, Ar. well versed in the Koran; also hapal and hafadz. hal, ho, there! haibat, Ar. terrible, awe-inspiring, grand; also hebat. haidz, Ar. the menstrual flow. hairan, Ar. astonished; to wonder; wonderful; also heran. haiwan, Ar. animals; living creatures. [ 82 1

MAJAT hajat, Ar. wish, desire, intention. hali, Ar. a man who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca; naik h., to perform this pilgrimage. hairat, Ar. year of the Hegira; A.H.; also hijrat. hak, Ar. truth; due, rightful claim; rights of property; description of property; kaul-ulhak, the writing is true-a superscription to Malay epistles; h. mana, of what description? hakikat, Ar. truth. hakim, Ar. a judge; a judge of the supreme court. hal, Ar. state, condition, position, case; inmngadukan h., to lay one's case (before any person); dari hal, concerning, regarding; h. ahwal, circumstances; facts of the case. hala, direction; ta' tentu h., aimless, inapposite; meng-halakan, to direct, point (a weapon). halai, h. balai, confused, disorderly. halal, Ar. legitimate; permissible according to divine law, e.g., of food-cf. haram. halaman, a court-yard. halau, halaukan or menghalaukan, to drive away, expel. halba, Ar. an aromatic plant (foenum groecum). halban, kayu halban, a plant (vitex pubescens); also leban. halla, ginger (zingiber officinaUs). halilintar, - halintar. halimun, invisible or transparent through magic art; halimunan, the magic art of making oneself invisible. halintah, a horse-leech; also lintah. halintar, a thunderbolt; panah i., id.; batu h., fossil stone im HAMIS plements (believed to be bits of a thunderbolt); also lintar. halipan, a centipede; h. bara, a centipede with a dark back and light legs; h. laut, a nereis; jari h., a pattern made by cutting trailers diagonally from the midrib of a palm-leaf; also lipan. halir, I. Ar. present; = hadzir. II. = alir. halkah, a horse-collar. halkum, Ar. throat, gullet. haloba, covetousness; also loba. haluan, the bows of a boat. halun, = alun. halus, fine in texture; delicate; pisaln h., a lancet - like knife; tangan gang h., a delicately made hand; perkataan h., refined language. halwa, Ar. a generic name for preserves in sugar. hama, a gnat; a very small insect; a microbe. hamak, disobliging; gruff and illtempered. hamba, slave; your servant; I; h. Allah. God's poor; h. Kompeni, Indian convicts, h. sahaya, slaves generally; berhamba, (1) to be possessed of slaves; (2) to serve; mem - perhambakan diri, to give oneself to; to marry; minta perhamba, to offer oneself in marriage. hambal, = ambal, II. hambar, = ambar. hambat, meng-hambat, to pursue, chase. hambong, = ambong. hambur, I. hambur-hambur, largesse; hamburkan, to scatter; berhamburan, strewn or scattered about. II. to curvet; to prance. hamil, Ar. pregnant, more polite than bunting. hamis, fish-scented; malodorous. t 83 ]

HAMPA hampa, lacking contents, empty. hampar, spreading out flat; batu h., bedrock; hamparan, a carpet; a mat; hamparkan or meng - hamparkan, to spread out, h. khemah, to pitch a tent. hampas, dregs, dross; h. tebu, megass; h. sutera, silk dross. hampir, near; nearly; h. sa-rupa, nearly identical; hampir-hampir, very nearly; hampiri or menghampiri, to approach; hampirkan, to get close to; berhampiran, in close touch with; in proximity to. hampong, = ampong. hampus, = hapus. hamput, = amput. hamun, to abuse; reviling. hamzah, Ar. the spiritus lenis. hanching, rank, foul (of smell, e.g., of urinal). hanchur, melting, crushed, dissolving; h. hati, broken-hearted; h. luloh, utterly crushed; menghanchurkan, to crush to pieces. handai, associate, comrade. handal trusty, reliable. hang, I. you, thou; Ked. = engkau. II. an obsolete Malay title. hangat, hot; warm; h. hati, angry. hangit, scorching singeing; bau h., the smell of burning. hangus, burn; scorch; hanguskan, to consume by burning. Hanoman, Skr. the Hindu monkey-god; an evil dog-faced spirit (in Kedah); Sang Seri H., the god Hanuman in romance. hantap, = antap. hantar, I. conveying; sending in a person's charge; hantarkan or menghantarkan, to accompany away; to escort. II. tfrhantar, stretched out. hanti, = anti. HARAP hantu, an evil spirit; a ghost or goblin wild (of fruit, i.e., planted by ghosts not men); h. bangkit, the ordinary sheeted ghost risen from a grave and making its way by rolling along on its side as the fastenings of the winding - sheet prevent its walking; h. belian, the tiger spirit; h. bungkus, h. bangkit; h. golek, - h. bangkit; h. jamuan, a familiar spirit; h. kochong = h. bangkit; h. orang mati di - bunoh, the revengeful spirit of a murdered man; h. pemburu, the spectre huntsman; h. rimba, the demon of the woods that preys on lonely travellers; h. tanah, the gnomes of the soil; burong h., an owl; dirasok h., to be attacked by an evil spirit; jari h., the middle finger. hanya, except, unless; only; anak-ku hanya-lah sa-orang, my child is an only child. hanyir, stinking of fish, eggs. hanyut, drifting; floating; hanyutkan, to set adrift; berhangut, adrift; berhanyut - h., drifting about. hap, Ch., a Chinese purse. hapal, Ar. well versed in the Koran; also hafal. hapek, = apek, I. hapit, = apit. hapus, to expunge, wiping out. hara, huru-h., uproar; also hiruh. and haru-h. haram, Ar. unlawful, forbidden by religious law; a strong expression of negation; h. zadah, born out of wedlock; h. ta'dapat, he utterly failed to get. harap, to hope, expect, confidence, trust; harap-lah engkau kapada Allah, put your trust in [ 84 3

HARAS God; harapan, trusted, trusty; harapi, to confide in. haras, = aras. harbab, rebab. hardek, abuse, scolding. harga, Skr. price monetary value; h. - nya tiga ringgit, its price is three dollars; hargakan, to appraise; to price. hargari, Hind., Pen. handcuffs. hari, day (both the day of 24 hours and the daylight hours by themselves); siang h., daylight; tengah h., midday; malam h., night time; sa- panjang h., all day; keesokan h., the morrow; selang sa-hari, every alternate day; lat sa-hari, id.; sa-harihari, every day; h. raya, holiday; h. besar, id.; h. bulan, day of the month. harimau, tiger; leopard; any of the larger felidae; a type of the strong and unscrupulous; also rimau; h. akar, h. belang chechak, kuching hutan, k. jalang, the leopard-cat (felis bengalensis); h. anjing, h. telap, h. chompok, N.S. the golden cat (felis temminckii); h. belang, the tiger; h. belang kasau, the tiger (felis tigris); h. belang hebuan, h. bintang, the common leopard (felis pardus); kuching jalang, harimau burong, Pat. the flat-headed cat (felis planiceps); h. dahan, the marbled cat (felis marmorata); h. daun pinang, h. sipahi, names given to the tiger when the black markings are not extensive; h. jadi - jadian, a weretiger; h. kumbang, the black leopard (felis pardus, var. niqer); h. lalat, a jumping spider; h. tarum, a large black panther; h. terong kasau, the royal tiger (fells tigris) when HATI of very large size; tulang h. menangis, the manubrium; uban tahi h., the colour of the hair when either black or white largely predominates. harip,= arip. haris, = aris. harong, = arong. harta, Skr. property, wealth; harta-nya banyak, he had large possessions-cf. hartawan. hartal, Hind. a yellow face-powder, orpiment; saffron; also retal. hartawan, Skr. possessed of property; wealthy-cf. harta. haru, uproar, disturbance; h. - hara, a noisy disturbance; h. biru, id.; di-haru shetan, plagued by an evil spirit. haruan, = aruan. harum, fragrant, perfumed. harus, I. stream, current, freshet; di-bawa oleh h., borne by the current; songsong h., a shell (murex ternispina). II. proper, fitting, right. hasad, Ar. envy, jealousy, spite. hasil, Ar. outcome, return, rent, revenue; h. tanah, land-rent; h. pokok, land assessment; membayar h., to pay land -rent to Government; accomplished; meng-hasilkan, to bring to pass. hasta, Skr. a Malay cubit (from the elbow to the finger-tips). hata, Ar.? well then; next-an expression of common occurrence in commencing a new paragraph. Better hatta. hatam, Ar. end, finish; termination; sudah h., it is finishedused especially of the completion of studies. Also khatam. hati, the heart and liver; the interior portion of anything; the seat of the feelings; ambil di-h., [ 85 ]

HATTA to store up a grudge; bacha didalam h., to read to oneself; bakar h., wrath; belas h., compassion; berbalek h., suffering a revulsion of feeling; berdebar h., to beat of the heart, from excitement, fear; berkata didalam h., to say to oneself; besar h., proud; buah h., heart -as a term of endearment; chondong h., inclination towards; gerak h., emotion; hanchur h., heart-broken; despair; huln h., the pit of the stomach; tulang hulu h., the xiphoid process; jantong h., the heart in its anatomical sense; jauh h., alienated of affection or interest; karat h., malicious; kechil h., hurt, of the feelings; keras h., obstinate; keroh h., malicious illfeeling; korang h., spiritless; l6bur h., crushed in spirit; Iembut h., soft-hearted; makan h., to brood; mata h., inward perception; mengambil h., to captivate; panas h., angry; pilu h., melancholy; pluas h., satisfied; puteh h., sincere; putus h., in despair; rawan h., rapture; sakit h., angry;.sangkut h., lovingly attached; sayup h., melancholy; sebal h., sad; stdap h., complacent; sejok h., contented; suchi h., pure of motive; susah h., sorrowful; tawar h., disinclined; terang h., clearsighted; tinggi h., proud, elated; waswas h., anxious memperhatikan, to grasp, to understand, to realise. hatta, -hata. haus, I. reduced by friction; worn away. II. thirst. hawa, I. Ar. breath, air; affection; lust, desire; h. nafsu, carnal lusts; h. api, the hot breath of H1.NDAK a furnace. II. Ar. Siti Hawa, Eve. hawar, a pestilence, an epidemic, a murrain. hayak, = ayak. hayat, = Ar. life. hebah, Ar. a gift. hebat, Ar. terrible, awe-inspiring, grand; also haibat. hela, = eja. hela, I. drawing over the ground;. dragging; menghela, to pull after one; penghela, a puller, a drawer. helah, = elah. helai, a numeral coefficient for tenuous objects such as sheets of papers, garments, leaves, blades of grass, etc.; also lai. helat, = elah. helat, alternate, intervening; also lat. heman, Jav. affection; interest; care; devotion to. hemat, Ar. careful, attentive; jaga dan hemat, watchfulness and care. hembachang, -= embachang. hembalau, - embalau. hembat, = embat. hembus, -= embus. hempas, hempaskan, to dash down violently; nenghempaskan, id. hempedal, = pedal. himpedu, the gall; pundl-pundi h., the gall-bladder. himpit, I. wedging or squeezing between two surfaces. II. badak hempit, (Kedah) the two-horned rhinoceros (rh. sumatrensis). hempulur, = fmpulur. hemul, = emul. hendak, wish, intention, purpose; hendakkan, to desire; kehendak, desire, wish; saperti kehendak tuan, as you please; berkehen [ 86 ]

HENDEL dak, to wish for; sa-kehendak, in accordance with one's wishes. hendel, =- endel. hendul, Skt. a cradle; a sling. hening, limpid, clear, transparent. henjal, = enjal. hentam, stamping with the foot. hentek, =- entek. henti, stopping; berhenti, to come to a stop; berhentikan, to put a stop to; perhentian, an ending; a place to stop at. hentimun, = timun. heram,- ram. heran, Ar. astonished; to wonder; wondering; also hairan. herang, = erang, II. herat, = rat. herau, = erau. herbab, rebab. herdek, = hardek. herek, to shriek; to cry out with pain. heret, eret. herga, = harga. herta, = harta. herti,- erti. herut, = erut. hetong, = hitong. hias, hiasi, menghiasi, to adorn; perhiasan, ornament, decoration. hiba, = iba. hiboh, noise, uproar (caused by traffic and not by noisily- disposed persons). hibur, menghibur, hiburkan or menghiburkan, to allay sorrow; to calm; to console; penghibur, a comforter. hidam, = idam. hidang, placing in a dish; hidangan, a plateful; terhidang, served up. hidayat, Ar. right guidance in religion. hidong, the nose; h. manchong, a sharp-cut nose; batang h., the HINA ridge of the nose; liang h., the nostril cavity. hidu, meng - hidu, to be on the scent of; to smell. hidup, live, alive; gajah h., a live elephant; sa-umnur h., as long as I live; matahari h., the rising sun; hidupi hidupkan, mrnghidupi or menghidupkan, to bring to life; (also) to keep alive; kehidupan, life; means of livelihood; hal kehidupan, condition of life. higa, Jav. rib, side; = rusok. hijau, green. hijrat, Ar. the hegira; tahun h., A.H.; also hajrat. hikayat, Ar. a tale; a romance. hikmat, Ar. wisdom; knowledge; magic art; ginala h., -a wonderworking talisman. himat, = hemat. himpit, - hempit. himpun, berhimpun, to meet together; himpunkan, or meng - himpunkan, to bring together; perhimpunan, a gathering, a meeting. hilam, = ilanm. hilang, to be lost, to disappear; to die; h. akal, to lose self - restraint; h. arwah, or h. semangat, to lose consciousness; h.-lah ia, he died; hilangkan or menghilangkan, to cause to disappear; kehilangan, loss. hilap, Ar. error; better khilaf. hilat, = elah. hilir, to go down stream; the lower waters of a river; huluhilir, top and bottom; beginning and end. hina, Skr. mean, poor, contemptible; h. dina, the poor and lowly; hinakan, or menghinakan, to disdain, to insult; to abase; k~hinaan, degradation, abasement. [ 87 ]

HINAI hinai, = inai. hinchang, = inchang. hinchit, to depart, exit, quitting. hinchut, = inchut. hindek, = indek. Hindi, Indian. Hindu, Hindoo. Hindustan, India. hingga, up to; as far as; until; h. pada mesa ini, up to the present time; sa-hingga, until; perhinggaan, boundary, limit; also perenggan; tiada terhingga, boundless. hinggap, to perch, settling, alighting (of a bird); h. api, to catch fire. hingus, = ingus. hira, hiru-hira, uproar; = huru hara. hirap, = irap. hirau, hiraukan, to care, trouble about. hirek, = irek. hiri, = iri. hiris, slicing, slitting, ripping up. hiru, hiru - hara, a great disturbance; confusion; uproar; h.hira, id. hirup, = irup. his, for shame! also is. hisab, Ar. enumeration, calculation; elmu h., accounts; commercial arithmetic; tiada terhisabkan banyak - nya, innu - merable. hisap, =isap. hitam, black; very dark in coloration; h. bogot, hideously black; h.!egamn, pitch black; h. manis, dark brown; h. muda, deep blue. hitong, calculation, to reckon; elmu hitongan, arithmetic. hoe, Ch. a "hoey," a secret society. hogoh, to mimic. Hokiang, Ch. appertaining to the Fu - kien province (especially HUJAN the Amoy and Chang-chow divisions, not Fuh-chau itself). Holanda, Dutch; also Belanda. holi, Hind. nautch-dancers. homam, Tam. a burnt sacrifice. honar, Pers. discredit; a subject of reproach or censure; khabar berhonar, a scandal; a tale to somebody's discredit. hong, the Sanskrit and Buddhist " om," a word signifying the Hindu Trinity used by Malay medicine-men. Hong Kong, Hong Kong; kereta H., a jinrikisha. horloli, Eur. a watch; a clock. hormat, Ar. respect; reverenceespecially with the idea of respectful behaviour; memberi h., to pay respect to; berhormat, honourable. hu, Ar. the possessive pronoun (third, singular, masculine) in its genitive and accusative torms. Hua, Ar. He, i.e., God. hubaya, entirely, in every way, altogether; hubaga - hubaya, above all things. hubong, to connect, to link; hubongan, link; berhubong, united; hubongkan or menghubongkan, to unite, to connect. Hudai, orang H., the name of a tribe of aborigines in the Malay Peninsula. hudam, = udam. hudang, udang. hudar, Ked. to bolt; to abscond. hudhud, Ar. the hoopoe. hudoh, = hodoh. hui, an interjection of astonishment. hulah, questioning, cross-examination. hujan, rain; h. d eras, pouring rain; h. lebat, rain in large drops; heavy rain; h. renyai, [ 88 1

HUJAT drizzle; h. rintek-rintek, a few drops of rain only; ayer h., rain-water; musim h., the rainy season; tedoh h., stopped, of rain; hujani, to rain down upon. hujat, reviling; to abuse. hujong, end, point, extremity; h. telunjok, the tip of the index finger; h. tanah, a headland; berhujong, pointed..hukah, Ar. a hookah; also ogah. hukama, Ar. the plural of hakim; learned men, authorities on law and theology. hukum, Ar. order, command; judicial decision, sentence; beri h., to give an order; jatoh h., to give a judicial decision; kena h., to suffer a penalty; hukuman, punishment. hukup, =- ukup..hulam, vegetable condiments. hulat, = ulat. hulkum, - halkunm. hulu, head, upper portion; beginning; hilt; handle; the upper waters of a river; the interior of a country; h. hati, the pit of the stomach; h. keris, the handle of a keris; gering h., head-ache (when speaking of a prince); orang h., dwellers up-country; dahulu, before; penghulu, headman, chief; Muhammad (as chief of Muhammadans). hulubalang, I. a leader in war; a captain. II. Ach. and Pk. a territorial chief. hulur, letting go, slacking; hulurkan, to slacken, to pay out rope. IBARAT huma, "dry" or "hill" padi; a padi-clearing on high ground; berhuma, to plant hill-padi. human, = urnan. humbas, Ked. menghumbas, to "make oneself scarce," bolt. hun, Ch. a Chinese measure of weight; one tenth of a mace (chi). hunjam, = unjam. hunjur, = unjur. huntang, = untang. hunus, unsheathing; drawing, e.g., a finger from a ring; di-hunusnya keris - nya, he drew his keris; terhunus, bare, naked (of a weapon). Hurmuz, Ar. Ormus. hurong, = urong. huru, huru-hara, uproar, tumult. huruf, Ar. letters; an alphabetical symbol. hurup, I. = urup. II. = huruf. hurus, = urus. hutan, jungle, forest; wild; anjing h., the wild dog (cyon rntilans); ayam h., the jungle fowl (gallus ferrugineus); babi h., the, wild pig (sius cristatus); orang h., a wild man; aborigines; a jungledweller; a boor. hutang, debt; owing, due; h. kepala, a debt on the repayment of which one has staked one's liberty; h. piutang, debts; berhutang, to owe; orang bgrhutang, debtor; orang hutangan, a debt slave. huyong, -= uyong. I ia, he, she, it; ia-itu, that is to say; namely. iau, m~ngiau, to mew (of a cat). iba, Ar. yearning, passionate regret, loving longing. ibadat, Ar. service to God; pious duties. ibar, ibar-ibar, a small river dugout. ibarat, Ar. metaphor, parallel; r 89 1

IBAU analogous case; ainbil i., to take a parallel case; to illustrate a point by a parable or fable. ibau, an edible mussel. Iblis, Ar. the devil; di-harn I., harried by Satan. ibni, Ar. son of; - bin [but ibni is used more politely or ceremonially than bin]. ibtida, Ar. exordium, beginning. ibu, mother, dam (of animals); source, matrix; saudara sa-ibu, a uterine brother; i. bapa, parents; i. suri, royal mother;. jari, thumb; i. kaki, big toe; i. pasir, gravel; i. tangan, thumb; = i. jari. ibul, a palm; (orania macrocladus). ibur, = hibur. ibus, a palm (Corypha sp.). idam, idamkan, to long for anything (when pregnant); i.-idaman, the things so longed for. idang, - hidang. idap, chronic (of sickness or melancholy); mengidap, to linger on in illness. idar, i'dari or mnngidari, to wander round; idarkan or m~ng - idarkan, to send round; to pass or hand round; bridar, in revolution; bintang beridar, a planet; peridaran, a revolution; a turn; peridaran dunia, the chances of mortal life. iddah, Ar. the period wherein a Moslem widow or divorcee may not remarry. idong, = hidong. idzin, Ar. permission; also izin. iga, = higa. igal, mengigal, to spread the tail (of a peacock). tgama, Skr. religion; i. Islam, Muhammadanism. Also agama and ugama. ILACHI igau, igau - igauan, nightmare; muttering or crying in sleep; tUrigau-igau, id. igu, a double yoke (for oxen); also ga-cf. kok. ihram, Ar. anathema; interdict. ihsan, Ar. beneficence; kindness. ihtiar, Ar. elected action; plan, course; dengan ihtiar-nya sMndiri juga, by his own choice; munchari i., to think out a plan; pulangkan i., to leave the decision to another; bagaimana i. kamu? what is your proposal? ihtimal, Ar. to endure; to bear. ihwal, = ahwal. ijabat, Ar. the hearing of prayer. ijau, = hijau. ijazat, Ar. diploma, certificate, licence. ijok; fibre resembling horse-hair got from the sugar-palm; tali i., rope made of this fibre. iltihad, Ar. zeal, solicitude, diligence. ikal, curly (of the hair). ikan, a generic name for fish; ikan - ikan, the log; i. kIering, dried fish; nyawa i., the life of a fish on shore; at the last gasp. ikat, binding, fastening; i. pSrang, the line of battle; i. pinggang, a belt; i. rumah, to build a house; ikatan, bonds, fastenings; ikatkan or mrngikatkan, to fasten; to put together; terikat, in bonds; tied up. ikhlas, Ar. sincerity; sincere; surat ul-ikhlas, the letter is sincere-a common exordium to an epistle. ikhtiar, = ihtiar. ikhtilaf, Ar. wrong, inconsistent. ikhtisar, Ar. definition. ikhwan, Ar. brothers. ikut, mnngikut, to follow (in point of space, not time). ilachi? Tam. cardaman. [ 90 ]

ILAHA Ilaha, Ar. God; la ilaha illa'llah, there is no God but Allah. Ilahat, Ar. Godhead. Ilahi, Ar. my God! Oh GodI ilai, nimngilai, to laugh loudly. ilam, ilam-ilam, dimly or intermittently visible. ilang, - hilang. ilau, flickering (as light on water)-cf. kilau. ilham, Ar. divine inspiration. ilmu, Ar. knowledge, scholarship, science; magic art; also elmu. imalat, Ar. joining two letters in pronunciation, e.g., insha'llah for insha Allah. imam, Ar. president of a mosque. iman, Ar. faith, creed, belief, religion; the true faith; membawa i., to accept the true faith; beriman, religious. imbal, one-sided, as the uneven work of a grindstone, or of a lathe, e.g., a table-leg, a badly ground blade, of a judge's decision, of an affected gait. imbang, hovering about, shadowing (as a ghost haunting a place or a thief shadowing a man). imbas, I. the noxious air round a sick or hag-ridden person; kena imbasan hantu, to be affected by a passing spirit of disease. II. imbas-m~ngimbas, to sway. imbau, to throw a stick underhand and upwards, e.g., to knock fruit off a tree. imboh, making up the balance; additional payment; rial imboh, Ked. money paid above the assessed value in compensation for land resumed by the state. impit, = hempit. lai, Ar. henna; a red dye obtained locally from a shrub (lawsonia alba); i. batu, a pink balsam (impaticus Griffithii): i. paga, the water balsam (hydrocera INDOK triflora); malam i., the night on which the bride's fingers are stained with henna, i.e., the commencement of the wedding festivities; siput i., a shell (mitra episcopalis). inang, a nurse, a duenna, a chamber-woman to a princess. inangda, polite = inang. inas, I. the humming apparatus on a Malay humming-kite. II. pekong inas, a malignant tumour. inayat, Ar. favour, bounty, aid. inchang, inchang - inchut, awry,, askew. inchar, a drill, bore. inche' Mr. Better enche'. inchi, Eng. inch. inchit, = hinchit. inchut, inchang- inchut, awry,. askew. indah, precious, important, fine, handsome; i. khabar dari rupa, report is fairer than reality; apa i.? of what value is it (to me)? what does it matter? indahkan, to consider import - ant; to care about. indang, to winnow with a side jerk. indar, = idar. indek, to lever by pressure with the foot; lesong i., a padipounder worked with the foot; lang i., a large bird of prey (nisaetus limnaetus). Indera, Skr. the Sanskrit divinity Indra; a name given to a class of minor divinities inhabiting Indra's heaven; a royal title; royal; keinderaan, the heaven of Indra; mengindgra, royal. inding, watching constantly like an inquisitive child. indok, indok kerbau, a milchbuffalo; p~rindokan or perindun, a brood-cf. indong. [ 91 ]

INDONG Indong, mother (this word is rare); i. mutiara, mother- of - pearl-cf. indok. ing, Jav. of, for-cf. yang. ingar, brawling, noisy disturbance; i. bangar, very great uproar. ingat, recollect, remember; ingatingat, take care, look out; ingatan, attention to one's surroundings; recollection; ingati, to remember; ingatkan, to remind; to call to mind. ingau, ingau-ingau, dozing; half awake. Cf. igau. inggeh, Jav. yes. Inggeris, English. inggu, Skr. asafoetida; ikan i., a generic name given to a large number of fish of the genera pempheris, pomacentrus, pterois, amphiphrion, stolocentrum, stolacanthus and pseudoscarus. Ingin, longing, strong desire. ingkar, Ar. breaking a pledge. ingsang, - isang. ingu, = inggu. ingus, mucus from the nose; buang i., to blow one's nose. ini, this, these; aku i., I who stand here; I myself; s6karang i., at this very moment-cf. sini. injap, the inturning spikes which permit entrance into a baskettrap for fish but prevent egress. Injil, Ar. the gospel; i. Lucas, the gospel according to St. Luke. insaf, Ar. justice, equity. insan, Ar. a human being. Insang, = isang. insha, Ar. insha'llah, please God. intaha, Ar. end, conclusion. intai, mengintai, to peep, to spy on. intan, a diamond. Intl, a name given to a number of Malay dishes. ISI inu, Jav. a title of distinction, princely. ipar, brother - in - law; sister-inlaw. ipoh, the poison tree or upas (antiaris toxicaria); the poison obtained from it; dart - poison generally. ira, ira-ira, a fish (unid.). iradat, Ar. will; the will of God. iram, I. iram - iram, the fringe round a State umbrella. 1I. change of colour; blushing. irap, sa - irap, alike; irap - irap, very much alike. iras, similar; sa-iras, alike; of the same material. blood or character; keris ganja iras, a keris of which the blade proper and the aring (or guard) are in one piece. irek, irekkan, to stamp on padi that is too short for threshing. iri, iri hati, envious. jealous. iring, processional following; Indian file; one after another; beriring-iringan, in long succession; mengiring, iringi, mengiringi, to follow in procession; di-iringkan, to be followed by. iris, = hiris. irup, to suck up liquor from a spoon or cup. is, for shame; also his. isa, Ar. Nabi Isa, Jesus Christ. isak, terisak-isak, sobbing; asthmatic coughing. isang, the gills of a fish. isap, sucking; drawing in one's breath; mengisap rokok, to smoke. isha, Ar. sembahyang i., the evening prayer. isharat, Ar. signal, sign; memberi i., to give the signal. isi, contents; that which fills; i. neg ri, the inhabitants of a town; i. rumah, the household; r 92 ]

ISKANDAR i. dunia, mankind; i. surat, the contents of a letter; i. kahwin, the marriage settlements on a bride; bagai kuku dengan isi, like the nail and the flesh within it - inseparable except at great pain, prov.; isikan or mengisikan, in fill; bUrisi, filled with, containing. Iskandar, Ar. Alexander; 1. Dzu'lKarnain, Alexander the Great. Islam, Ar. salvation; peace in God; the Muhammadan world; the Muhammadan religion. Isnin, Ar. hari Isnin, Monday. Istambul, Constantinople. istana, Pers. a palace. istanggi, Skr. incense; also s6 -tanggi. isteri, Skr. wife (more respectful than bini); beristeri, to be married (of a man); beristerikan, to marry (a woman); mn e m phristerikan, id. istiadat, Ar. ceremonial custom. JAGA istimewa, more especially. istinggar, Port. a match-lock. istinja, Ar. ablutions prescribed by Muhammadan custom. istirahat, Ar. repose, rest, peace. istislam, Ar. acceptance of the Muhammadan faith. istiwa, Ar. parallel; khattu'listiwa, the equator. istri, - istri. istrika, a smoothing iron. itam, = hitam. itek, duck; i. ayer the cotton-teal (nettopus coromandelianus); i. Surati, the Muscovy duck; peler i., an auger; ular i., a fabulous duck-billed snake (the finding of which brings luck in money matters); berdayong chara i. berenang, to feather in rowing. itibar, Ar. example, model. itikad, Ar. faith, belief. itong, =- hitong. itu, that, those-cf. situ. izin, Ar. permission; also idzin. Izrael, Ar. Azrael. J jabal, Ar. mountain. jabar, Ar. omnipotent; Malik uljabar, the Almighty King, God; Khalik ul - jabar, the Almighty Creator. jabat, grasping in the hand, holding; jabatan, (1) the sense of touch; (2) occupation, profession, = jawatan; berjabat, to hold. labing, prominent, of the ears. iabu, Ked. rising in clouds (of smoke, dust, etc.). jabur, R. much mixed up. iadah, Pers. son, born of; haram j., bastard, ill-begotten. Better zadah. jadam, I. an extract of aloes used as medicine. II. a Sumatran ware made by filling with a sulphide or pitch the hollows of a pattern traced on a brass or silver article. jadi, coming into existence; becoming; turning out satisfac - torily; accomplishing its purpose; aku pun jadi-lah, I was born; kerja itu ta' jadi, that work will not do; jadi-jadian, a supernatural creation; harimau jadi-jadian, a were-tiger; menjadi, to become; m~njadi - kan, to create; kejadian, creation. jadwal, Ar. a tabular statement, a schedule. jaga, Skr. to be awake; to be watchful; orang j., a watchman; [ 93 ]

JAGALAN j. dari pada tidur, to awake from sleep; jagakan or menjagakan, to wake (a person); berjaga, to be awake; berjaga-jaga, to keep open house day and night (in marriage festivities); menjaga, to watch. lagalan, Mal. poor, of cloth. jagat, Skr. the world; j. buana, id. jago, Jav. a cock. jagong, maize; Indian corn; menjagong, sprouting of rice, pustules, breasts. laguni, Skr. spirits of good fortune. lagur, massively built, e.g., of cocks. jagut, Jav. chin -cf. daga and janggut. jah, Pers. worth, greatness. jahad, Ar. a holy war. Iahan, Pers. the world. jahanam, Ar. gehenna, hell; destruction. jahang, I. violent abuse. II. deep red (in colour). jaharu, Hind. a pariah, a low scoundrel. Jahat, wicked, evil, immoral; dengan j., with evil intent; pgrgmpuan j., a prostitute; kejahatan, wickedness. jahi, Javy. ginger. Jahil, Ar. ignorant of God's word; irreligious. jahillat, Ar. the general ignorance of God's word that prevailed before Muhammad enlightened mankind with the Koran. jahim, Ar. fiercely blazing (of hell-fire); naraka j., the hottest hell. jahit, sewing; tukang j. or orang panjahit, a tailor. Jahudi, = Jaudi, Jew, Jewish. jals, kalis j., id., very irreceptive or inattentive. JALAR jait, = jahit. laia, berjaja, to hawk about; menjala, id.; penjaja, a haw - ker. jajahan, a district; a division of a country. jajar, a row, a line; berjajar, drawn up in a row, stretching out in a line - cf. janjar and banjar. jajat, Pen. to mimic; ridiculing by mimicry. jaka, Jav. a young unmarried man-cf. bujangga, 1I. jakas, a kind of mnengkuang. jaksa, Jav. a Javanese title of inferior distinction. Jakun, a name given to aboriginal Malayan tribes in the south of the Malay Peninsula. jala, Skr. a casting - net; men - jala, to fish with a casting-net. jalak, I. a one -masted or twomasted sailing vessel peculiar to Pahang. [It is built up fore and aft and is not decked except for a loose frame-work of split nibongs or planks]. II. licentious, loose. jalan, road, way; movement in a definite direction; the course taken; j. bahasa, idiom; j. ugama, theology j. raya, the main road; mata j., an outpost; membawa j., to lead the way; berjalan, to be in motion; barjalan kaki, to walk; berjalan kereta, to travel by carriage; jalani, to travel over; menjalani, id.; jalankan or menjalankan, to set in motion; perjalanan, journey. jalang, a strumpet; menjalang, to whore. II. N.S. mnnjalang, to pay a formal visit to one's mother-in-law after marriage. jalar, menjalar, to creep (as a snake or creeping plant). [ 94 ]

JALI Jali, Ar. terjali, evident, clear. jalibot, Hind. a jolly-boat. jalil, Ar. noble, honourable. jalin, tied parallel by means of string or rattan (as the strips of bamboo in chicks or fishscreens). jalis, Ar. sa-jalis, sitting together; in company. jalla, Ar. great, exalted. jalu, the natural spur of a fighting-cock; ikan j., a fish (lutianus, sp.). jalur, a band or stripe of colour; broad stripes separated by lines; a strip of padi-field as marked by the lines of padi-stalks; a river - boat of shallow draught (the ribs of which give it a striped appearance-cf. lajur. jam, Pers. a clock; an hour; satengah j., half-an-hour; sa-jam dua, an hour or two. jamah, physical contact or handling; actual (even if temporary) possession; menjamah, to have sexual intercourse; janmah - ja mahan, an occasional mistress of a prince. jamal, Ar. beauty, elegance. jaman, Ar. time, age; = zaman. jamang, a gold or silver frontlet worn by a woman. jamar, - chamar. jambak, a (double) handful, a bunch, e.g., of fruit; j. kunchi, a bunch of keys. jamban, a privy. jambang, I. a flower-pot or stand for flower-pots; jambangan, id. II. whiskers, a full beard. jambar, I. sa-jambar, a plateful. II. Pk. a rough temporary hut built by travellers camping in the jungle. jambatan, a bridge; a pier; a way with a hand-rail; a variant of jabatan (from jabat). JANDA jambiah, Pers. a curved dagger. jambu, Skr. a generic name for a number of fruits of the roso.apple class; j. ayer (eugenia aquea); j. bersin = j. biji; j. biji, the guava (psidiuim guava); j. mawar (engenia jambos); j. monyet, the cashew ( anacardiium occidentale ); jamnbu-jambal, the plume or crest on a helmet; the ornamental top of a standard; punai j., a bird (ptilopus janibu). jambua, a shaddock. iambul, a tuft of hair; the crest of a bird; the queue of a Chinese; the tassel of a fez; j. merak, the crest of a peacock; a plant (poinciana pulcherrima); a common grass (unid., but not a selaginella). jamin, Hind. bail, security, to go bail; orang j., a bailor; a surety. jamiam, water (very poetically expressed); j. durja, complexion, expression; = ayer muka; j. mas, gold paint. ]among, Ked. an extemporised torch, = andang. jampal, a weight or coin of varying value. jampang, Sel. jampangkan, to make easy. Cf. gampang. jampi, Skr. incantation; mgnjampi, to practice magic by incantation. jampok, I. a small owl. II. menjampok, interrupt, break into a conversation. jamu, menjamu, to entertain (a guest); to keep (a familiar spirit); hantu jamuian, a familiar spirit; perjamuan, entertainment, dinner; jamu-jamut, a plant (aporosa microcalyx). janabat, Ar. v. junub. Janda, a widow; a divorced woman; lenggang j., Pk. a small r 95 1

JANDELA curved knife broadening and fretted at the point. jadela, = jendela. Janek, radiating from a common centre; ringgit j., the Mexican dollar so called from its depicting a rising or setting sun. Ianela, = jendela. jangak, abandoned; profligate. jangan, don't; lest; j.-lah, do not; supaya j., lest; jangankan, so far from; not to mention. jangat, a process of splitting rattans; pisau penjangat, the knife used in this process; p~rckat j., glue. jangga, a variant of jaka. janggal, discordant inharmo - nious. Janggi, I. Pers. Zanzibari; African; pauh J., a tree supposed to grow in the centre of the great ocean; buah pauh J., shells of the coconut (cocos maldiva), believed to be the fruit of this tree. II. Pers. warrior-like. janggus, buah j., the cashew (anacardium occidentale). janggut, the bread; berjanggut, bearded; j. bauk, a full beard; j. beramus, a matted beard; j. di - urut, a forked or pointed beard. jangka, a pair of compasses; jangka-nya, apparently. jangkah, stepping over an obstacle; more commonly langkah. jangkang, I. wide apart (of a door, arms, legs). II. a generic name to a number of trees. jangkar, I. Eur. a grapnel. II. spreading above ground (e.g., of the roots of the mangrove). jangkeh, jangkeh-mangkeh, helter-skelter. jangki, a basket or wicker knapsack. langkil, morose, ill-tempered. JARAK jangking, jongkang-jangking, rising and falling irregularly (as the points of the picks of a party of coolies). jangkit, I. spreading, as a disease or as a fire; sakit berjangkit, an infectious disease. II. pierced by a barbed thorn or point. janjar, a row or line; berjanjar, in rows. janji, contract, agreement; to agree; minta j., to request the fulfilment of an agreement; pegang j., to observe an agreement; berjanji, to agree, to contract; perianjian, a contract. jantan, male (usually of animals); masculine; anak j., a manly person; 9mbun j., dew in heavy drops; ketam j., a plane; pahat j., a narrow deep chisel. jantong, core, heart; j. betis, the calf of the leg; j. hati, the heart, the seat of love; a term of endearment; j. kalbu, =j. hati; j. paha, the fleshy portion of the thigh; j. tangan, the triceps. jantur, Skr. sorcery. jap, come together, collected; sudah j., it is complete; it is come about; sa - jap - jap, each and every. jara, an instrument for clearning coarse cotton-wool; a churning instrument for milk; kepala j., butter-milk. jarah, I. mennjarah, prowling about as a plunderer; jarahan, a slave carried off by raiders. II. Ar. a mite; an atom. III. Ar. a pilgrimage. Better ziarah. jarak, I. distant between; jarakn y a, interstice, intervening space. II. the castor-oil plant (ricinus communis); nminyak j., castor-oil; padang j., a desolate place. [ 96 ]

JARAM jaram, penjaram, a cooling lotion for the head. jarang, scarce, rare, separated by wide intervals. jaras, I. a creel. II. a handful (when the stalks or strings only are held in the hand); a bunch. Jari, a finger; a toe; j. hantu, the middle finger; j. kaki, a toe; j. kelingking, the little finger; 1. manis, the ring - finger; j. telunjok, the index-finger; anak j., a finger; buku j., the knuckles; chelah j., the cleft between two fingers; ibu j., a thumb; sarong j., a thimble. lariah, I. Ar. amal j., a charitable work of permanent utility. II. Ar. a slave-girl. jaring, a wide-meshed drift-net. laru, ikan jaru - jaru, a fish (caranx boops) also chen - charu. jarum, a needle; j. chuchok, a bodkin; lobang j., the eye of a needle; mata j., id. jasa, Skr. meritorious service; deserts; loyalty; buat j. or berjasa, to do one's duty loyally; lupakan j., to be remiss in one's duty. Jasad, the material and visible body (as opposed to the soul). lati, Ar. true, real; Melayu j., a real Malay; timur j., due east; kayu j., teak (tectonia grandis). latoh, to (accidentally) fall; to happen; to occur; j. sakit, to fall sick; j. hati, to fall in love; jatohkan, minjatohkan, to let drop; k~jatohan, fall. Jaudi, Ar. a Jew; Jewish. lauh, distant; far; dari j., from afar; jauh-lah malam, the night was far spent; jauhi or menjauhi, to keep of (at a distance); jauhkan or mtnjauhkan, id. JiJAMU jauhar, Ar. gem, jewel, essence, embryo. jauhari, Ar. a jeweller. jauk, a small tortoise (unid.). Jawa, Javanese; Tanah J., Java; orang J., a Javanese; asam J., tamarind. jawab, Ar. answer; minta j., to request a reply; beri j., berjawab or menjawab, to reply. jawat, jawatan, an office, a post. Jawi, I. Ar. Malayan; Sumatran and Javan; huruf J., the Arabic character. II. Jav. an. ox. III. jawi-jawi, a large fig-tree (ficlis rhododendrifolia). jaya, Skr. victorious, successful; mnenjaya, to succeed; to "come off." jayeng, Jav. and Skr. victorious -= jaya-ing; jayeng seteru, conquering all foes. lebah, broad and full (of the face). jebah, b~rjebah, assorted (of merchandise). jebak, a snare for birds. jebang, I. an oblong shield. II. rather prominent, of ears. jebat, Ar. civet; musang jebat, the Indian civet (viverra zibetha). jeboh, a fish (unid.). jebong, a fish (balistes stellatus). jeda, Ar. pause, break; ta' berieda without a break. jegel, terj~gel, prominent (of the eye-ball). jOgong, stern-lockers. jehenam, = jahanam. jejahan, = jahan. jejak, = jijak. jIjal, menjejal, to close a crack; to force food into a child's mouth (slang). jejamang, a variant of jamang. jejamu, a variant of jamu-jamu. [ 97 ]

JtJAS Ieias, to abrade, scatch, graze. Cf. rflas, Idas. jIiawi, a variant of jawi-jawi. Jejeh, slightly spilling, slopping over. jejer, row, line. jela, "gadding about" (of a woman). jela, berjela, trailing slackly or loosely; berjelajela, id. leladan, a bird (unid.). lelaga, soot. Jelah, clear, unobstructed (of the view); commonly cherah. ]jlai, a millet (aphania paucijuga). lelak, sated, glutted; jemu j., sick of. jelanak, advancing under cover, wriggling through long grass. jllantah, insufficiently cooked (of rice); underdone. jflapang, K. a padi-barn. jllar, extended at full length (of a long-bodied animal or creeping plant). jlas, settled; wound up; jelaskan, to settle accounts. jlIatang, the tree-nettle (lapor tica crenulata). jelatek, the Java sparrow. jelau, jengok j., to peer at anything. e6lebut, = kelebut. jelek, Bat. pleasant, nice. Jleket, adhering, as gummy eyelids. IMlema, - j lma. 16lempah, a general rotting of fruit on a tree. jIlepak (onom.), the sound of a book (or any similar body) falling on the ground; flopping. jelepang, cross - gashes; cross - cutting with a sabre. j61epok (onom.), = jSlpak; to flop. JtMNBA jelimpat, menjelimpat, to break a journey at, visit. Jl1inap, menjelinap, to shoot ahead (as a horse in a race). jeling, a sidelong languishing look; menjeling, to look at anyone through the corner of the eye. jelingar, menjelingar, to pay little attention to a fact; to halfremember, half-forget. jelir, menjelir, to project the tongue. jelma, Skr. incarnation; men - jelma, to assume human form; to be re-incarnated; penjelmaan, an incarnation. jelojoh, = gelojoh. jelok, deep (of a bowl). jelu, j. masak pisang, the weasel (Putorius nudipes). jeluak, hawking before expec - toration. jeluang, tissue-paper. je1uat, jeling - j., to give a long sidelong look-cf. jeling. jelujur, I. loose sewing, termporary stitching. II. horizontal bars shot into sockets to close a cattle-pen. jelum, to wet without actual immersion; washing. jelungkap, menjelungkap, to rebound (of an elastic body released from strain). jelutong, a leaf - monkey (especially semnopithecus obscurus). jemaat, = jumaat. jemah, future, about to come; kelak j., id. jemala, the crown of the head. jemalang, = jembalang. jiman, = zaman. jemawa, conceit, pride. jemba, a measure of length equal to about 12 feet. [ 98 ]

MJMBAK jembak, terjenzbak-jembak, flapping up and down as a child's locks when the child runs. jembalang, an evil spirit of the soil; a gnome of disease. jembangan, = janmbangan. jembatan, = jambatan. jemlah, = jumlah. jempana, Hind. a state litter. jempul, Jav. the cushion of the thumb. jemput, gripping between forefinger and thumb; sa-jemput, a pinch; menjenput, to invite (to a feast, etc.). jemu, sated; weary of; j. jelak, nauseated; j. dari-pada hidup, sick of life. jemuan, shameless villainy. jemuas, besmeared; dirty. jemuju, caraway-seed. jemur, drying by exposure to the sun's rays; menjenur, to put a thing out to dry; terje1mur, put to dry; berjemur, sun oneself. jenak, a short space of time; a pause. jenaka, Hind. a farce, a practical joke; farcical; wily; b 6 r - gurau berjenaka, with quips and jokes. lenang, prop, support; aid, coadjutor; the chief assistant to a Batin or headman of Jakun tribes; j. pintu, the uprights of a door. jenawi, pedang j., a long rapier. ienazah, Ar. a royal hearse; (by metaphor) the body of a deceased prince. iendala, Skr. scoundrelly, low, mean. lendela, Port. a window. jendera, = chendera. jendul, prominent (of the forehead). ienela, = jendela. jengela, = jenggala. JENJET jenggal, jenggal-jenggul, uneven; all notched. jenggala, Skr. wild; untamed; appertaining to the forest. jengger, Jav. the comb of a cock. jenggul, jenggal-jenggul, covered with notches. jengkal, a span (between thumb and finger); j. teltnnjok, the span between the thumb and indexfinger; j. kelengkeng, the span between the thumb and little finger. jengkang, drawing out a leg; extending a leg. Cf. kengkang. jengkang, on its back with legs in the air (of a carcase or of a dead insect). lengkau, stretch to pluck or grasp an object above one; to erect its head (of a leech); j. ulat, lingers which arch backwards. jengkeng, moving about on tiptoe-cf. jengket. jengket, walking on tiptoe-cf. jengkeng. lengking, raising the tail aloft; k al a j., the common housescorpion. jengkit, walking on the heels. jengkolet, tilted to one side (as a man's head when he goes to sleep on a chair, as a boat in a storm). jengkul, the span between the thumb and the joint of the bent index-finger. jengok, mnnjengok, to peer, to peep. jengul, menjengul, to emerge above the surface (as the snout of a crocodile); to poke out. Jenis, Ar. kind, species; berjenisj e ni s, of all kinds, various tiada berjenis, confused. jenjeng, = jinjing. lenlet, = jinjit. [ 99 ]

JfNOH jenoh, makan jenoh, to eat one's fill. jentaka, Skr. ill-luck. jentat, menjentat, to leap (of a flea, or of any other creature with great jumping powers). j]ntayu, Skr. a fabulous bird believed to have the power of calling down rain and dew. Jlntek, a jerk by way of propulsion (as a boy throws a marble by a jerk with his thumb); jerky or wriggling action. jentera, Skr. a wheel; spinningwheel; berjentera, to rotate; to move in waves (of light); to be on wheels; pesawat berjentera, machinery; tanglong berjentera, a rotating Chinese lantern.!nnut, Pah. salt-lick. 1/pang, sea-weed jelly. lepit, -= sepit. Jepun, Japan. ieput, = jgmput. 1jra, taught cantion; tiada j., he has not yet learnt by experience. jerab, Ked. fast, of sleep. Jerabai, tattered; also jerambai. jerabun, Ked. = jerembun. Ieragah, Ked. -= chranggah. jeragan, =- juragan. jlirah, plentiful (of a crop); numerous (of cases of illness in an epidemic).!6rahak, given up (of a work). 4jrahap, falling prostrate (with limbs outstretched). ljrait, interlinked as the links of a chain, or strands of a net or cobweb. jeram, I. rapids in a stream. II. Sel. a fishing-boat. jeramah, seize with claws and teeth, of a tiger or any similar beast; to fight (of a woman). jeramiah, a platform outside a Malay house for water-jars, etc. jMrambai, tattered; also j]rabai. JaRIAH jerambang, St. Elmo's light; an ignis fatuus taken by sea-faring Malays to be an evil spirit. jerami, stubble; after - grass; straw. Jerang, warming at a fire; jerangkan ka-api, put on the fire. jerangau, a medicinal plant (acorns calamus). jerangkah, = cheranggah. jerangkang, supine of an animal with its paws in the air. ierap, saturated (till drops begin to fall); thorough steeping (as a wick is steeped in oil; menjerap, absorb. jerat, a running noose; a lasso; a noose-trap. jerau, deep red. jeraus, agile, sprightly. jerawat, pimples on the face. ljrbak, menjerbak, to pervade; - menyerbak. lerbu, laut jerbu, the sea out of sight of land or when the land is only a dim haze on the horizon. jereh, exhausted; done up. jerehak, = jerahak. jerelak,: jerjak. jereket, adhering, e.g., of eye-lids. j6rl1ok, mangkok jerelok, a deep bowl or cup-v. jelok. jeremal, = jermal. jeremang, = jermang. jeremba, meeting suddenly and unexpectedly. jerembap, menjerembap, to fall to earth in a sitting posture. jerembet, interlinked, interwined; = jerait. Jirembun, heaped up all together. jerenang, = jernang. iirengkah, swollen with milk (of the udders). Jerepet, interlinked but capable of independent movement ( as two links in a chain). ieriah, = jariah. [ 100 ]

JtRIAT jeriat, = seriat. lering, a tree with evil smelling pods (pithecolobium lobatum). ]eringai, nmenjringai, to grin; also jeringing. jeringau, =- jerangau. ]jringing, menjeringing, to grin; also jeringai. ierit, menjerit, to shriek; berjeritan, with shrieks; shrieking. jerjak, thin perpendicular laths in Malay atap walls or partitions. lerkah, menacing gesture, to menace. lermal, a marine fish- trap [in which fish are herded by converging rows of stakes over a submerged screen where they are caught by the borders of the screen being raised.] Jermang, short props or buttresses; propping with short props. jernang, the vegetable product known as " dragon's blood." jerneh, clear, limpid, transparent. jerobong, an awning for deckcargo. Jeroh, very steep and sloping (of a declivity-especially of a roof). j]rohok, stumbling into a hole concealed by long grass. jerojol, -- rojol. jerok, a generic name for fruits of the citron class and for acid pickles preserved in salt. jerong, a man-eating shark (escially the ground shark). jerongkah, uneven, jagged, of teeth. j6rongkis, aslant, as a post in a rapid. 1irongkong, knocked on one's back. IIrpak, minjfrpak, to fall over. JIMBIT jeruju, a flowering shrub (acanthus ebracteatus). jerukup, joining, of boughs overhead; over-arching - cf. rungkup. jerumat, darning. jerumbai, dangling of a tasselfringe. jerumbong, a permanent awning in a Malay boat-cf. jerobong. jerumbun, the lair of a wild boar; the hut of a fowler. jerumun, Ked. = jErumbun. jerumus, terjerumus, sprawling. jerungkau,- rungkan. jerunyas, rough-surfaced. jerupeh, menjerupeh, to add a band or layer to the top of anything so as to increase its height. jerut, to draw a slip-knot or noose. Jibrail, Ar. the Archangel Gabriel. jidar, Ar. the "walls" within which type is confined on some printed pages. jidwal, - jadwal. jih,- jir. jijak, step, tread; bearing; berjijak, to step on, to touch (with the lower extremities). jika, if; supposing that. jikalau, if; supposing that; = jikalau (lau being an Arabic equivalent of jika). jilak, a ship's lockers. jilat, m~njilat, to lick, to lap up. jilid, Ar. a volume; binding; menjilid, to bind; tukang jilid, a book-binder. jilit, - jilid. lima', Ar. sexual intercourse; berjima' dengan, to have sexual relations with. iimat I. Ar. a talisman. II1. Ar. careful, economical, economy. jimbit, to lift an object with the fingers. [ 101 ]

JIN jin, I. Ar. wonder-working spirit; a genius; j. Islam, a good genius; j. kafir, an evil genius. II. Hind. a saddle. Jinak, tame, docile, familiar; j. hati, familiarised; jinakkan, to tame. jingga, dark yellow; yellow numixed with red. jinggang, slender; thin. jingkat, walking painfully on tiptoe or on the side of the foot. jingkir, a platform on which a newly - confined woman is laid so that she may be warmed. jinjal, hardship, trouble. jinjang, I. narrow and tapering, but not too long (of the neck). II. a native (lance. III. the attachment of a spirit to a man; hantit ta' berjinjang, a familiar spirit that has not found a master. jinjing, carrying a light burden, using the fingers only. jinjit, picking out, pinching out, pulling out (a loose body). lintan, caraway - seed (carum caru); j. hitam, the seeds of nigella sativa, fennel; j. manis, anise seed (pimpinella anisum); j. puteh, cumin seed, dill (ciiminum cyminum). jinteh, a generic name for several trees; j. merah (baccaurea Wallichii and baccaurea Griffithii); j. puteh (urophyllum, sp.). jintek, jintek-jintek, the larvae of the mosquito, caddis. Jipan, a tapir. Cf. kipan. jir, target; the point aimed at in a game. jiral, sa- jirai, a strip, a small quantity. jirak, a tree (eurya acuminata). jiran, Ar. relatives. Jirat, Ar. a non - Muhammadan grave. JONGKANG lirlir, Ar. olives. jirus, irrigating-cf. dirus. jismani, Ar. bodily (as against spiritual). jiwa, Skr. life; the spirit of life; serahkan j., to give up one's life; utanma j., the breath of life; ayer utama j., the water of life; ayer merta j., id. jodo, = jodoh. jodoh, Tamn. match; a pair; jodohan, counterpart; twin-soul; jodohkan, to match. iogan, Pers. a standard with metallic emblems like the Roman signlum. joget, a dancing-girl. jogi, Skr. a religious ascetic. Johan, Pers. a champion; i. pahlawan, a warrior champion; j. arifin, a champion of learning. johong, a charm to counteract the machinations of others. jojol, a bundle of cross-pointed sticks used in making barriers or chevaux - de - frise across a river. jokong, a variant of jongkong. jolok, nmenjolok, poking with a stick at an object above one. jolong, tip, point; a projecting prow, nose or snout; buaya jolong-jolong, the gavial (tomistoma schlegli); ikan jolongjolong, a sword-fish. long, a junk. jongang, projecting, prominent (of the teeth). jonggar,- jongkar. jongit, curving up (of the upper lip). jongkah, jagged and projecting (of a tooth). jongkang, jongkang- jangking, raising and falling irregularly (as the points of the picks of a party of coolies). [ 102 ]

JONGKAR jongkar, sticking out, as a long object amid short objects; jongkar-jongkir, bristling with projecting points. jongkat, jongkat - jongkit, seesawing, unsteady. jongkir, jongkar- jongkir, bristling with points-v. jongkar. longkit, to tip up; jongkat-jongkit, see-sawing, unsteady. jongkok, to squat; to stoop down to pick up something. jongkol, a tin Trengganu coin. jongkong, a dinghy; a short beamy boat; sampan j., id.; tampang j., a tin slab, cast roughly in the shape of a boat and formerly used a currency. longor, snout; nose; projection (such as the bowsprit of a ship or the sword of a sword-fish). Jongos, (Dutch) servant-boy. Jonlot, picking out (as a man picks hemp or oakum). joran, a fishing-rod. jorang, a narrow - channel, a water-course, a gully. joreng, a shred; tanah sa-j. a small patch of land. lori, Hind. a pair of horses; kuda j., id.; k~reta j., a carriage and pair. jorong, I. a metal vase for sireh leaf. II. a section, a division, a corner. III. a conical funnel or tube. Jose, Ch. silk crepe. Jotor, a medicinal drug (unid.). lua, and yet; all the same; for all that; still; to some extent; - juga. Juadah, Pers. cakes, provisions. juah, curling of the lower lip; mulut yang j., coarse-mouthedcf. jueh. juai, = chuai. JUJONG juak, I. a raja's retainer; an attendant generally. II. stretching out a sail; spreading. jual, selling; j. janji, a condi - tional sale; b~rjlal-beli, trading; jualan, a thing for sale; menjual, to sell. juang, berjuang, to fight-of large animals (especially elephants); biram berjuang, a fighting elephant. Juar, kayu juar, a black ebonylike wood used for making plain furniture but not suitable for carving. juara, a trainer of fighting cocks; bujang j., id.; ikan j., a fish (unid.). jubah, Ar. a long surtout worn by hajis. jubin, battl jubin, floor-tiles. jubong, - jerobong. lubur, Ar. the anus; also dubur. judi, gambling; main j. or berjudi, to gamble. jueh, a slight downward curl of the lower lip-cf. juah. juga, and yet; all the same; still; to some extent; mahu ta' mahu naik juga, willing or not up they went all the same; intan itu batu juga ada-nya, a diamond is a stone for all that; tuan ada baik?-baik juga, are you well? -yes, fairly well. juita, (Skr. and Kawi) a term of endearment; precious, of great price, rare; ratna j., pearl of price; mas j., gold of fineness; tali j., an ornamental girdle. julat, Ar. nmulut jujat, a slan - derer. Jujoh, berjujoh, continuous, of water, rain from eaves. ujlong, = junjong. [ 103 ]

JUJUR jujur, I. wang jujur, money paid to the parents of a bride by a bridegroom. I I. bNrjjujran, sticking out, projecting. jujut, = jonjot. julai, I. hanging down, heavily laden. II. julai-julita, neat, pretty, graceful. lulang, lifting up aloft; carry on the shoulders; julangan, a seat on the shoulders; penjulang, a nurse. julap, Ar. aperient. julat, range, reach; sa-penjulat peNuru meriam, the distance a cannon can carry; tikam m~njulat, stabbing as far as one can reach. lulek, wrapped in a single petal (as a very young bud seems to be). luli, Hind. a dhooly or litter. juling, a cast in the eye; squinting; mata j., cross-eyed. julir, a fish - spear or harpoon with a detachable barbed head to which a long rope is attached. julita, julai-j., pretty, graceful. julong, = jolong. julur, menjulur, emerge of a long body; dart out, of a snake's tongufe; terjulur, hanging out (as the tongue of a corpse). jum, Pen. come along, be off. Jumaat, Ar. hari Jumaat, Friday. Jumbal, pendent, dangling -cf. unmbai, jgrumbai, etc. jumhur, Ar. the righteous, the learned in God's way. jumlumah, Ar. skull. jumlah, Ar. sum total; jumlahkan, to add up. jumpa, encountering, coming across; berjumpa, to meet. JUZ jumpong, ikan jumpong, a fish (cheilissts chlorurus). jumput, ikan jumpul, a fish (unid.). junam, downwards motion; diving head foremost; swooping. Cf. tunam. juniong, mennjunjong, carrying on the head; fig., obeying a raja's order; j. s i re h, the post on which the sireh vine is trailed. juntai, birjuntai, to dangle; dudok berjuntai, to sit with the feet dangling in the air. junub, Ar. mandi j., mandi j. janabat, ablution after coition. juragan, the master of a native perahu. jurai, berjurai, hanging down loosely in tatters or a fringe sa-jurai, a strip (of rice-stalks). juram, = churam. juri, j- jori. jurit, Jav. penjurit or perjurit, a warrior; a roving plunderer. juru, I. a skilled workman other than a handicraftsman; j. bahasa, an interpreter j. batu and j. tinggi petty officers on a ship; j. masak, a cook; j. tulis, a writer, a clerk. II. penjuru, a corner, an angle. jurus, I. a pause; a very brief interval of time; sa - jurus lamanya, for a second or two. II. dragging; pulling; hustling. iII. = dirus. II. = lurus. jut, I. a trace in harness. II. a riverine fish-trap. juta, Skr. a million. juz, Ar. a section of the Koran (which is divided into thirty such). [ 104 ]

KCA KADANG K ka, I. to; ka-atas, upwards; kasana, thither; ka-dalam, into; ka-mana, whither. II. Ar. they (masculine). Kaabah, Ar. the Caaba or great mosque at Mecca. kabab, Pers. small pieces of meat cooked on a spit. kabir, I. Ar. great, mighty. II. to back-water; backing with a single paddle so as to bring a boat to port. kabong, I. the sugar-palm (arenga saccharifera); kalam k., the ordinary Malay pen. II. a white band worn as a symbol of mourning; perkabongan, mourning; berkabong, to wear mourning. kabu, kabu-kabu, a coarse treecotton; pokok k.-k., the shrub (trevesia sondaica) from which this cotton is obtained. kabul, Ar. approval, confirmation; kabulkan, to confirm. kabur, dim-sighted from age or infirmity. kabus, dimly visible, as objects in smoke, haze or twilight. kabut, cloudy, misty, indistinct; mist; hilang k., clear away of mist; kelam k., very obscure; mata k., dim-sighted, unable to see distant objects. kacha, Skr. glass (the material); roda k., a glass-wheel. kachak, I. smart; dandified; got up. II. berkachak, terkachakkachak, stepping gingerly along; walking quietly on tiptoe. kachang, a generic name for beans; k. bendi, the okra or beni fruit (hibiscus esculentus); k. bunchis, French beans; k. China, the pea - nut (arachis hypogoea); also k. goreng; k. chindai, phaseolus mungo; k. Jepun, the soy bean (soya hispida); k. kara, dolichos lablab; k. kayu, the Indian dall (cajanus indicus); k. lendir, the common Chinese bean (hibiscus esculenlus); k. chemara, unid.; k. puteh, peas; ikan kachangkachang, a fish (sphyrwna acutipinnis). kachapuri, the capital of a column; the heart or centre of a building; durian k., a durian that has some flesh at its very centre. kachar, I. siput kachar, a shell ( voluta palchra). II. fussy; bustle. kachau, I. confusing, mixing up, a mess; k. birau, extremely confused; kachaukan, to upset; to throw into disorder. II. Pah. to spin with artifical bait. kacheh, kochah-kacheh, fiddling about with things. kachi, Ch. wolfram. kachip, betel-nut scissors. kachit, =kachip. kachong, Jav. " youngster." kachu, (terra japonica), catechu. kadal, Jav. the grass-lizard; bUngkarong. kadam, Ar. the sole of the foot; di-bawah k., below the sole of the (prince's) foot-the position of the subject. kadang, I. kadang -kadang, at times; occasionally; terkadang or terkadang-kadang, id. II. kadang kedayan, followers or retainers of a Javanese chief; a prince's suite. [ 105 ]

KADAR kadar, Ar. power, ability; sa-k., as far as one can; as far as One's ability goes. kadi, Ar. a "kadli," a registrar of Muhammadan marriages and divorces to whom certain judicial powers are given; also kadzi. kadir, Ar. mighty, powerful. kadok, a vine the leaves of which resemble those of the sireh vine; pa' kadok, a nickname for a man who poses as learned when he is not so. kadut, kain kadut, a coarse sacking made of rami fibre. kadza, Ar. (1) fate, destiny; (2) to fulfil, satisfy. kadzi, = kadi. Kaf, Ar. Bukit Kaf, Mount Kaf (the king of mountains according to Muhammadan tradition). kafan, = kapan. kafilah, Ar. a caravan. kafir, Ar. an unbeliever; a nonMuhammadan; also kapir. kafsigar, Pers. a shoe-maker. -kah, an interrogative suffix; sunggoh-kah? is it true? kahat, berkahat, Pk. spending in very small sums. kahin, Ar. a pagan priest. kahwa, Ar. coffee. kahwin, = kawin. kaiflat, Ar. manner, way, mode. kail, line - fishing mata kail, a fish-hook; mrngail, to fish with a hook and line; pangail, a linefisherman. kain, cloth; a sarong; a generic name for patterns of sarongs and kinds of cloth; k. baja, sarong and baju; clothing generally; k. basah or k. basahan, old clothes used as bathing clothes; k. batek, Javanese painted sarongs; Ek. bblachu, unbleached calico; k. chita, flowered chintz; k. KAKAP kadut, k. rami or k. rawa, coarse sacking made of rami fibre; k. mas tuli, a heavy silk fabric; k. songket, a silk fabric heavy with gold thread; k. tele& pok, a gilded silk; kepala k., a portion of the sarong differing in pattern from the rest. kais, scratching up (as a fowl scratches up the earth); drawing anything towards one with a stick, crook, etc. kait, hooking; catching (of thorns); di- kait onak, caught by thorns; berkait k~lengkeng, with little fingers interlinked (as bride and groom at the bersanding ceremony). kajai, tali kajai, a halter for a horse. kajang, waterproof matting of pandan or mengkuang, used on boats and carts; trkajang, in shelter, protected from the rain. kalar, Ked. stinking = aring. kajau, mengajau (Sum.) to headhunt. kali, mnngaji, to read the Koran; to study. kakak, I. elder sister; adek kakak, younger and elder brothers and sisters; near relatives. [In some works and on East Coast kakak is used of elder brothers.] II. (onom.) mengakak, to quack (of ducks), to cackle of a hen about to lay an egg. kakanda, elder brother or sister; a politer variant of kakak. kakang, Jav. elder brother or sister. kakap, I. p~rahu kakap, a river boat with a lofty prow and stern but a low waist. II. ikan kakap, a fish (lates nobilies); also siakap. III. mata kakap, a plughole in a boat's bottom. [ 106 ]

KAKAS kakas, p~rkakas, instruments; appliances. kakatua, the cockatoo; a nail - extractor, pincers (from resemblance to a cockatoo's beak). kaki, foot, leg, base, lower extremity, pedestal; k. bukit, the foot of a hill; k. dian, a candlestick; k. langit, the horizon; k. tembok, the foundations of a wall; bekas k., foot-print; jalan k., to go on foot; mata k., ankles; tapak k., sole of the foot; kurakura k., instep; pekaki layar, the boom (of a sail). kaku, hard, e.g., of bread, frozen fish, corpses; stiff, tough; lockjaw. kal, a measure of capacity; half a chupak. kala, I. Skr. time, epoch. period, age; apa k., when; barang k., whenever; dahulu k., past ages; the past; p~rba k., id.; sedia k., the time that has just gone by; s~nja k., evening. II. a scorpion; k. bangkang, the black forest scorpion; also k. kala and k. lotong; k. jengking, the common house - scorpion; k. lipan, the centipede-cf. halipan; k. mayar, the luminous millipede; better kelemayar. III. Skr. the Hindu divinity (Kala); Betara K., id.; Siva as the destroyer. kalah, I. defeat, being worstedcf. alah. II. (Jalor) a bamboo gong. kalai, I. a venomous insect; a sort of water-hornet. II. Ar. to scrape tin pots. kalak, songsang - kalak, upside down, topsy - turvy, as a child nursed anyhow. kalakian, moreover; further. kalalawar, = ktlawvar. KALIS kalam, I. Ar. a pen. II. word, saying, speech. III. a flaw in a gem, in a metal. kalang, I. Ked. kalang ayam, a hen-roost. II. a piratical tribe of Orang Laut. III. = galang. kalas, I. a thole strap (of rattan). II. Ar. habis kalas, utterly exhausted, quite finished. kalat, Ked. the portion of (nipah) leaf that is useless as a cigarettewrapper. kalau, if; supposing that - jikalau. kalbu, Ar. heart. kaldai, Tanl. donkey; ass. kaldu, Port. chicken broth. kaleh, shifting; 'to change position; = aleh. kalek, kolak - kalek, backwards and forwards, to and fro. kali, I. time, occasion, instance; barang k., perhaps; on some possible occasion; berapa k.? how often? sa-kali, (1) once'; (2) altogether; very; d~ngan sa - kali gus, all at once; balk sa-kali, altogether good, excellent; sa-kali-kali, most exceedingly; sa - kali pun, even; sakalian, all. II. Ar. a kali; a registrar of Muhammadan marriages and divorces who has some judicial powers. Kalikausar, Ar. a pool in para-,dise. kalimah, Ar. the creed; the attestation of the Muhammadan faith, - kalimat a's-shahadat. kaling, I. tinned iron sheeting; tukang k., a tinker. II. kolangkaling, topsy-turvy, upside down. kalis, inadhesive; irreceptive; impermanent; d4ndam ta' kalis, loxe that does not pass away; kalis bagai ayer di-daun keladi, non - permeating, as water on calladium leaf (rolling off like water on a duck's back). [ 107 ]

KALOK kalok, hook-shaped; tongkat berkalok, a stick with a crooked handle. kalong, I. a fruit-bat;=ke!luang? II. a metallic ornamental collar. III. akar kalong, a wild pepper (piper caninurm). IV. Ked. tengkalong, mengkalong, to hurl vigorously. kalpat, Hind. caulking. kaluar, see luar and keluar. Kama, Skr. Betara Kama Jaya, the victorious god of love. kaman, ( Eng. common ) Mal., N.S., cooly-lines. kamar, I. Hind. room; a cabin in a ship. II. Ar. the moon. kamat, Ar. the last call to prayer. kambang, = ambang. kamban, the large leathery turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). kambeli, rough blanket cloth. kambi, a thin light planking; a sort of dado: pintu k., a light door made of a wooden framework covered with cloth. kambing, a sheep; a goat; k. biribiri, or k. Belanda, a sheep; k. jati, a goat; k. Benggala, a large imported goat; k. gertun, k. hutan, k. bukit, k. goa, k. burong or k. gunong, the Malayan serow (nemorhaedus swettenhami); k. ptrahan, a milch-goat; k. randok, a rank old he-goat; kuku k., (1) the trotters of a sheep; (2) the feet of a salver; (3) a peculiar forked instrument for planting padi-shoots taken from the nursery. kambu, the block at the end of a piston-rod; kagu tiga sa-kambu, a sort of crude " three - card - trick " based on guessing which of three sticks is the shortest. kambus, choked up, e.g., of a drain. kambut, a large padi-basket. KANCHIL kameja, = keneja. kamek, konzak-kamek, mouthing; the movement of the mouth when speaking or eating. kameli, = kamb~li. kamera, kamar, I. kami, I. we-the speaker's party and not including the person addressed; nous autres. II the royal or editorial " we." kamil, Ar. perfect; fulfilled. kamir, Ar. leaven; fermentation. kamit, komat-kamit - kamek. kampil, I. a short heavy pointed sword; also kampilan; II. = kampit. kampit, a plaited mengkuang sack for flour, rice, clothes. kampoh, I. a weapon now obsolete. II. a head-dress mentioned in romance. III. a numeral coefficient for pieces of terubok roe, the Malay caviare. kampong, assembling, grouping; a cluster of houses; a hamlet; the buildings (with out-houses, etc.), making up a dwelling; kampongkan, to collect (people) together; berkampong, to come together (of peaple). kamu, you (usually plural); k. sakalian, you all. kamus, Ar. a dictionary, an encyclopaedia. kan, I.=akan. II. a causal suffix to verbs. kana, Jav. gelang kana, large hollow armlets. kanak, kanak-kanak, a child; a very young boy or girl. kanan, the right-hand side; tangan k., the right hand; sa-belah k., on the right. kanchap, flush with; on an exact level; full to exactness. kanchapuri, - kachapuri. kanchil, a name given to the small chevrotin (tragulus pyg [ 108 ]

KANCHING mceus) on account of its sizecf. kechil and pelandok. kanching, a bolt; a rivet; a buckle; a stud; links; kanchingkan or menganchingkan, to bolt (a door); to buckle up; terkan - ching, secure; fastened up. kanchong, Pk. a section of a large bamboo used as a water-vessel. kanchut, I. Ked. a loin-cloth. II.foiled, unsuccessful, of work. kanda, an abbreviation of kakanda. kandang, an enclosure; a sty; k. kuda, a stall for a horse; k. babi, a sty; k. kerbau, a pen for buffaloes; terkandang, penned. kandar, carrying on a pole (a burden being hung at each end). kandas, running aground. kandau, N.S. a lemur. kandi, a purse or small satchel; kandi-kandi, id. kandil, Ar. lantern, lamp. kandis, I. a tree with an edible fruit ( garcinia nigrolineata ). II. Jav. sweets; a type of sweetness. kandong, 'carrying in a sack or enclosure; carrying in the womb; mengandong, to be pregnant, containing (a clause, section, meaning; of clouds holding rain). kandul, folding up in a cloth, curtain or net; the bunt of a net. kandut, kanduti, to stow away in the lap. kang, I. the bridle and reins; k. kuda, id. II. Kang Senohong, a Javanese title of the highest rank used in addressing royalty or divinity. kangka, Ch. a gambier plantation (in Johor). kangkang, wide apart (of the legs); ch~lah k., the perineum; m~ngangkang, to step out; ter KAPAI kangkang, extended (of the legs), open of a door. kangkong, a white or pink flowered convolvulus-commonly used as a spinach (ipomea aquatica). kangsa, I. angsa. II. = gangsa. kangsin, Ch. a mischief-maker. kangsur, = angsur. kaniai, Pk. kanjaikan, to fool, deceive = kanjal. kanjal, worsted unexpectedly, as a clever person by a fool. kanjar, I. Pers. a broad dagger. II. tearing at anything; tugging and running. kanji, I. Hind. rice-gruel; "congee." II. Tamn starch. kanjus, Hind. [congee-house] the lock-up at a police-station; gaol. kantan, a large wild ginger (nicolaia imperialis). kantang, a mud-bank at a river mouth. kantil, kontal - kantil, pendulous and swaying (of a short thick pendant-cf. anting, kanting. kanting, kontang-kanting, dangling and swinging (of a long pendant)-cf. anting, kantil, etc. Kantong, Ch. the Canton province; orang China Kantong, Muhammadan Chinese from Yunnan. kantu, cramped and stiff in the limbs. kantur, (Dutch) a public office in the Dutch Indies. kap, I. the roof of a palanquin; the hood of a carriage. II. kain kap, a kincob. III. to fix a cable. kapa, Skt. nervous trembling; tirkapa-kapa, in a quiver. kapada, to; = ka-pada. kapah, = kapa. kapai, tErkapai-kapai, nervously moving about the arms (as a bad swimmer); flapping (as a flag). [ 109 ]

KAPAK kapak, an axe; behndera k., a broad ensign; gigi k., large front teeth; ular k., a generic name for viperine snakes, notably k. bakau (lachesis purpureomaculatus), k. rimba (I. wagleri) and k. daun (1. gramineus). kapal, Tam. a ship; k. api, a steamer; k. hantu, see lanchang; k. layar, a sailing ship; k. belangkas, stern-wheeler; k. roda lambong, a paddle-wheeler. kapan, I. Ar. a winding-sheet; terkapan, shrouded, sheeted. II. (Batavia) when; = bila. kapang, I. the teredo navalis. II. excretions adhering to new-born child; berkapang, dirty, smeared, e.g., of a glass. kapar, lying strewn about without order or method; berka - paran, scattered about. kapas, Hind. cotton; a generic name for cultivated cottons (especially gossypium herbaceunm); I in au k., the common lime (citrus acida). kapek, I. kopak-kapek, very limp and pendulous (of the breasts). II. kopak - kapek, plucked to pieces, scattered. kapi, I. a pulley. II. Ar. accomplished, complete. kapir, Ar. infidel; non-Muhammadan; also kafir. kapis, a generic name for shells of the genus pecten. kapit, support on each side; pengapit, a supporter, a second; pengapit bichara, assessor-cf. apit. kapitan Port. a headman of a racial division of the population. kapok, I. tree-cotton; the cotton of eriodendron anfractuosum. II. bFrkapok, to enfold in the KARAT arms and climb, e.g., a tree, embracing from behind, as a bad rider a horse's neck. kapong, = apong. Kapri, Caffre, African, Negro. kapur, Pers. camphor; chalk; the lime eaten with sireh; sireh sak., a quid of betel; k. Barus, camphor; k. Belanda, chalk; k. masak, plaster; k. tohor, whitewash. kapus, a= apus. kara, I. kachang kara a plant (dolichos lablab). fl. udang kara, a large crab or lobster. karah, I. spotted, variegated; kilit karah, tortoise - shell penyu k., the turtle yielding the best shell. II. sa-batang karah, alone; by oneself. karak, Pah. berkarak, to fight, of dogs. karam, I. to founder (of a ship); to be wrecked. II. Ar. term of abuse. karang, I. a reef, a coral bank; coralline sponge; kena k., to run on a reef; batu k., (1) coralline rock; (2) galena ore; bunga k., a sponge; isi k., shells, corals, etc. (picked up on the shore); also karang-karangan; penitakit karang - karang, dis - eases of the urethra; berkarang, to hunt for shells. II. literary composition; an ordered garden; karangan, composition, setting; karang - mengarang, to do lite - rary work; karangkan, to arrange flowers; to compose; pengarang, an author. karap, a weaver's comb. karar, Ar. abiding, fixed. karat, I. rust; deterioration; k. di - hati, malice; berkarat, to rust. II. berkarat, to fight with claws (as cats) or pincers (as [ 110 1

KARAU crabs); k. gigi, to grind the teeth. karau, disturbing; stirring up the oil when frying. kareh, stirring rice with a spoon when boiling the rice. kari, Hind. curry. karib, Ar. near (esp. of relations). karim, Ar. merciful, generous. karkus, Pen. a privy. karna, Skr. because; owing to. karok, a torch of dry fronds. karong, a coarse matting sack. kartas, = kertas. kartus, Hind. from Eng., a cartridge. Karun, Ar. Korah (the enemy of Moses), believed by Malays to have been of enormous wealth whose treasure is now buried in the earth for wizards to find. karut, involved, self-contradictory, obscure, lying, a lie; mengarut, to lie. kasa, Ar. a fine muslin. kasad, Ar. wish, intention, resolve. kasai, a cosmetic face - powder = b6dak. kasap, I. rough to the touch (as coarse paper or coarse wool). II. a sailor whose duty it is to attend to the lamps, flags, cordage, etc., of a ship. kasar, coarse or rough in texture; coarse in manner. kasau, a rafter, a cross- beam; k. jantan, the main rafters; k. betina, the subsidiary rafters. kaseh, affection, love, strong liking; terima k., "there is receipt of favdur"-"thank you"; kasehan, kindness, favour; pity; an unfortunate thing; kasehani, kasehankan or mengasehankan, to show pity for; to pity; kasehi or mrngasehi, to love; mdng - aseh, to be in love with; peng KATIR aseh, a creator of love-e.g., a love - philtre; k*kaseh, the beloved; lover; see also kasi. kasek, kosak-kasek, the sound of a restless man fidgeting. kasi, I. give (in "bazaar" Malay); = beri. II. Hind. castration, gelding; limbu k., a bullock; ayam k., a capon. kaskas, Hind. poppy-seeds. kasrah, Ar. the name of one of the vowel-points; e or i. kasut, shoes, boots; pakai k., to wear boots; k. kayu, clogs; tapak k., the sole of a shoe. kata, saying, utterance; berkata, to say, to speak; berkata-kata, to keep talking; mengatakan, to utter, to mention; perkataan, a saying, a word. katak, 1. a frog; a toad; k. betong, the bull-frog; k. lempong, a frog (oxyglossus, sp.); k. pisang, a green frog with great leaping powers (rana erythrwa or rhacophorus leucomystax); k. puru, a toad; buaya k., a broadbodied variety of crocoddile; meriam k., a gun of few calibres, a howitzer. II. k. tangga, N.S. short-runged ladder. katang, I. katang-katang, a small mfngkuang pouch. II. katangkatang, runners; rattan rings allowing a pole to have free play up and down, e.g., the poles forcing down the submerged screen in a large fish-trap of the jernial type. III. ular katang t~bu, the banded karait (bungarus fasciatus). katar, Ar. a kind of cloth. katek, stunted, dwarf (of a cock or person). kati, a " catty" = 1 lb. katib, Ar. writer. katil, Tam. a bedstead. katir, outrigger. [ 111 ]

KATLUM katlum, Tam. bastion. katok, = ketok. katong, I. a turtle (unid.). II.;= atong, III. = kotong. katup, closing up tightly; terkatup, closed; mulut terkatup, silenced. kau, thou; you; - engkau. kaul, Ar. berkaul, to offer prayers - (e.g., at a shrine) with the object of bringing about some special event. kaum, Ar. crowd, multitude, family, people; k. keluarga, family. kaup, -- kaut. kaus, I. Ar. shoes; di-bawah k., below the sovereign's foot; the position of a subject. II. Eng. couch. kaut, scraping towards oneself, scooping up (earth) with the hands. kawad, Ar. drill; bgrkawad, to I drill. kawah, a cauldron, the crater of a volcano. kawal, Tam. watching; the work of a sentry or watchman; keras k., a rigorous watch; kawalan, a watch, a guard; mengawal or bgrkawal, to be on the watch; mengawali, to be watching over. kawan, a company, a party; a herd or flock; accompaniment; a companion; a friend; k. gajah, a herd of elephants; k. penyamun, a band of robbers. kawang, minyak kawang, the fat of the tree diplocnemia sebifera. kawar, I. = gawar. II. Ked. a thief. kawat, wire; surat k., a telegram. kawi, I. bahasa kawi, the old poetic language of Java. kekawin, a poetic narrative. iI. batu kawi, cinnabar, manganese. III. Ar. besi kawi, iron of supernatural hardness. KtBAL kawin, I. Pers. to marry; wedding; mas k., the settlements on a bride. II. tombak pengawinan, a state halbert. III. kekawin, a poetic narrative -v. kawi, I. kaya, I. rich, powerful; menjadi k., to become rich; orang k., (1) a rich man; (2) a Malay dignitary; Tuhan Yang K., God Almighty; kekayaan Tuhan, the power of God. II. buah seri kaya or buah sireh kaya, the bullock's heart fruit ( a n o n a squamosa). kayal, Ar. intoxicated, inebriated. kayap, a dangerous eruptive disease. kayau, I. Dyak head hunting. II. overflooding; inundation. III. a snag. kayoh, a paddle; berkayoh, to paddle (intransitive); kayohkan, to paddle (transitive); pengayoh, a paddle. kayu, wood; wooden; k. api, firewood; k. arang, ebony; k. g a h a r iu, camphor wood; k. manis, cinnamon; akar k., a creeping or climbing plant; ayer k., wood and water; ship's stores; batang k., a log, a treetrunk; buah k., fruit; daun k., a leaf; kulit k., bark; pokok k., a tree. kayul, flavourless (of tobacco). kebabal, the young half-grown nangka or chemnpedak fruit. kebah, I. breaking into perspiration during fever. II. rubbing quick - silver intot the body (to render a man invulnerable). kebahi, a Javanese village official. kebak, gaping (of a deep cut). kIbal, impenetrable of the flesh; invulnerable. [ 112 ]

KEiBAM kebam, I. kgbam bibir, to turn in the lips till they cease to be visible. II. leaden-coloured (of the sky). keban, a work-basket (of mnngkuang leaf) made at Malacca. kebas, I. (ononm.) shaking out a cloth vigorously; kebas - kebus, the sound of cloth being shaken. II. deadened, paralysed temporarily (of a limb), e.g., by a blow on the funny-bone or the attack of an electric ray. kebat, =- bbat. kebaya, Port. a long outer garment worn by Malay, Eurasian and Straits Chinese women. kebayan, Jav. an order; a village regulation; a village headman; nenek k., an old woman who plays great part in Malay romance as the complaisant guardian of princesses. kebek, having one's tongue in one's cheek. kebil, blinking of an absentminded man; inattentive; absent-minded. kebin, = keban. kebirah,- kembiri. kebiri, = kembiri. kebok, a hollow cylinder used in making vermicelli. kebun, a plantation; a garden; an estate; tukang k., a gardener. kebur, to clean a well by agitating the water. kebus (onom.), kebas-kebus, rustling, of stiff cloth. kechah, kechoh-kechah, fussing, bustling. k6chambah, a seed bud of coconut. kechap ( onom.), mengechap, smacking the lips; the sound made by a lizard. KtDADAK kechapi, Skr. a native lute with four strings; buah k., the fruit of sandoricum radititum. kechek, I. wheedling, to worry by importunity; k&ea k., to be taken in. II. a game played with coins. kecheng, having one eye closed. kechewa, injured; put to shame. kechi, Eng. a ketch; a sailing vessel of small tonnage and light draft. kechichak, Pk. berkechichak, trampling all round. kechik, - kechil. kechil, small; inferior; younger; dari k., from youth up; k. hati, hurt, wounded in the feelings; mengechilkan, to reduce in size. kechoh, kechoh-kechah, fussing about; fidgeting. kechoh, cheating at cards, swindling by giving false weight, etc. kechong, swindling by denying a debt incurred; repudiating a fair claim. kechopong, - ketopong. kechuak, Ch. a cockroach; = lipas. kechuali, excepting; k. kebanyakan, a number of-i.e., a certain minority. kechubong, the datura (datura metel and datura fatuosa); mabok k., intoxicated by datura poisoning; batu k., the amethyst. kechundang, the relationship of the conquered to the conqueror; a "conquest." kechup, kissing with the lips (and not in the Malay way-cf. chium); kechupi, to kiss. kechut, shrunken, shrivelled up. k~dadah, - kHdadak. k~dadak, a choleraic attack; only used in the expression chekek k., an imprecation calling down a hoirible death upon a person. 8 [ 113 ]

KtDAH kedah, I. exposed, wide open; mangkok k., a bowl with a wide mouth. II. Kedah. III. Hind. a corral. kedai, Tam. a shop; a selling booth; berkedai, to keep a shop. kedak, I. (onom.) kedak-kedok, the noise made by a rickety cart on a bad road. II. lintang kedak, lying across each other confusedly. kedal, a disease causing peeling, cracking and dirty white discoloration of the soles of hands and feet. kedali, = kendali. kedang, stretched out; with limbs extended. kedangsa, limau kedangsa, a cultivated lime (citrus acida). kedap, I. close, almost waterproof of sail-cloth, meshing. II. sa-kedap, a handful (of stalks, especially padi-stalks). kedau, I. mengedau, to cry out loudly, e.g., for assistance. II. kedau-kedau, flickering, of light kedaung, pokok kGdaung, a large tree (parkia Roxburghii). kedayan, Jav. servants, followers of a prince. kedeh, mengedeh Pk., to lessen, of sickness. kedek, slightly bent; dudok terkedek, sitting with shoulders bent. ked/kek, a greenish medicinal compound resembling salt. kedtlai, kachang kedelai, a plant (phaseolus mango). k~d6mpong, I. worm-eaten (of fruit). II. a tobacco-pouch made of m~ngkuang leaf. kedengkek, extremely emaciated. kedepong, = kedempong. kEdera, ikan kd~era, a fish (unid.). K!JUR kedewas, bawal kedewas, a fish (unid., probably stromateus sp.). kedi, congenitally impotent. kedidi, a generic name for small sandpipers (totanus) and plovers (wegialitis). k~dit, = kendit. kedondong, a generic name for a number of trees mostly of the genus canarium. kedu, a slight stoop (such as that of a writer at a desk). kedudok, a generic name for a number of plants with showy pink flowers (melastoma polyanthum and allied species) also sendudok. ke'dut, a crease, a wrinkle; berkedut, crumpled (of a dress). kehel, terkehel, dislocated, of a limb; inharmonious, out of place; out of its course (of a ship). kehendak, see hendak. kejam, closing (the eye) for some time; keeping (the eye) shut; kejamkan or mengejamkan, to close (the eyes); kejam kejip, blinking. keJan, Pen. inciting, stimulating. kejang, berkgjang - kejang, ter - kejang - kokol, stretched out of limbs in agony. kejap, closing (the eye) for a moment; winking; sa-kejap, the time it takes to wink; an instant only-cf. kejip. kejar, mengejar, to pursue. kejat, firm, of made earth, things imbedded; definitely settled. keji, discreditable, disgraceful, infamous; nama gang k., infamy. k4lip, a wink;=k jap (but even shorter in duration). keju, Port. cheese. kjlur, stiff, unpliable, inelastic of dried betel- leaves, person's carriage, things. Cf. genjur. [ 114 ]

KItJUT kejut, kejutkan, to startle; terkejut, startled. kek (onom.), note or argus pheasant. kekah, the banded leaf-monkey (presbyles femnoralis, semnopithecus femoralis). kekal, enduring, lasting; akhirat yang k., eternal life; kekalkan, to perpetuate. kekandi, = kandi-kandi. kekang, = kang. kekar, to set apart, e.g., rice - grains to dry. kekaseh, see kaseh. kekat, scum and drifting matter on tidal river; mati k., dead low water; balek k., to turn of the tide. kekau, starting out of sleep in terror. kekawin, see kawi. kekek, I. a gusset. II. (onomi.) a giggling laugh. kekel, extremely stingy. keketua, -= kakatua. kekok, awkward, blundering, clumsy. kelabat, Ar. a seed (foenum grascum). kelabu, grey or ash - coloured; mata k., a film over the eye. keladak, dregs, refuse; the last and worst of anything. keladau, I. K. to appropriate a find, whose owner is unknown. II. bitts. keladi, a common name for a number of aroids (notably colocasia antiquorutm); k. bunting, Pah. water hyacinth. kilahi, berkelahi, to quarrel; perkelahian, a quarrel. kWlak, an adverb indicative of future possibility; may; possibly; perhaps. II. burong k., a bird (macropygia assimilis). kilakar, joking, jesting. KtLAT kelam, dark, obscure; k. kabut, cloudy and gloomy; pening k., dizziness affecting the optic nerve. kelambit, the large fruit - bat (pteropus edulis); also k~luang. kelambu, a mosquito-curtain. kelambur, wrinkled. kelamin, a pair (male and female); a married couple. kelamkari, I. a cloth-fabric. II. a climbing plant (unid.). kelana, I. wandering; a vagabond; k. yang hina papa, a miserable wandering wretch. II. a Bugis title given in Sungai Ujong to a ruling chief. kelang, the rollers or crushers of a mill; a mill; a pivotal arm for supporting infants learning to walk; k. ubi, a tapioca-mill. kelangkang, the perineum; also kelengkang. kelanit, opening out a seam. kelapa, the coconut (cocos nucifera); k. hijau, the voung coconut, also k. muda. Cf. nyiur. kelar, the transverse slashing of fish. kelara, ikun k~lara, a fish (unid.). kelarah, a maggot which eats into wood and fruit. kelarai, diamond-shaped, of patterns. kelasa, a hard protuberant mass of flesh; a camel's hump. kelasak, I. a floor-mat. II. a long. light shield of leather or wood with a handle in the centre. kelasau, Pah. a species of bat. kelasi, I. Pers. a sailor. II. the long-nosed Borneo monkey (hylobates lenciscus). kelat, I. astringent, of taste setting the teeth on edge. II. tali kelat, the sheet of a small boat. III. a generic name for a number [ 115 ]

KtLATI of trees (mostly of the genus eugenia). kelati, I. betel-nut scissors. II.kmliti. kelau, kelip-kelau, glistening (as the surface of the sea); alternatingly bright and dark (as when shadows chase each other). kelawar, a generic name for bats; k. gua, a name given to the bats chiromeles torqnatus and nycticeins kuhli. kelayu, pokok kelayu, a tree (arytera littoralis). keldu, -= kaldu. keldai, - kaldai. kelebet, mingelebet, to turn up the edge, tip or fold of anything. kelebok (onom.), the sound of a heavy body falling on a flat surface. keleburan, a pit; a chasm. kelebut, Pers. Hind. a fez-rest. keledang, a large tree (artocarpus lancewefolia). keledar, defensive measures or preparations. keledek, ubi kelledek, the sweet potato; lawyer k., a cheap lawyer. keledut, crumpled, ruffled -cf. kedut. kileh, to see, noticing, glancing at. kelek, carrying anything under the arm without using a cloth or sling. kelekati, I. L=kelkatu. II. Tam. areca-nut scissors. kelekatu, the flying ant; the Malay equivalent for the proverbial moth which is attracted by flame and perishes in it. kelekian, - kalakian. kilelut, kata b~rkelelut, broken of dying speech. kelemarin, = k~lmarin. KtLENTANG kelemayar, the luminous millipede. kelembahang, a wild aroid [the leaves of which give a sort of itch to the hand that clasps them]; anak k., a term of abuse. Kelembai, Sang Kelembai, the name of a wonder - working wizard in Malay folk-lore. kelembak, a fragrant wood (radix rhei?) kelembong, blown out with wind; a blister. kelemoyang, a name given to a number of plants, including homolomena coerulescens, h. rostrata and others. kelemping, flabby and pendulous (of the breasts). kelemumur, scurf, dandruff. kelemunting, - kemunting. kelendara, the ring or fastening connecting a boom with the mast. kelengar, fainting, unconscious. kelengkang, the perineum; also kelangkang. kelengkang, a key - ring; also gelang kunchi. kelengkeng, I. barong kelengkeng, the small pied hornbill (anthracoceros albirostris). II. jari kelengkeng, the little finger; kurong k., the innermost chamber in a fish trap. kelengkiak, = kongkiak. kelengkok, Ked. kelongkong. keilnjar, buah kelenjaran or biji kelEnjaran, the lymphatic glands; sakit kelnjaran, bubonic inflammation. kelC!nong (onom.), the booming of a gong. kelentang (onom.), the clanging of a gong. kelentang, buah kelentang, the horse-radish (obtained from the plant moringa pterygosperma). [ 116 ]

KtL6NTING kelenting (onom.), tinkling, of a gong. kElentit, the clitoris. kelentong (onom.), booming, of a gong. kelentong (onom.), a Chinese hawker (so called from the gong-like instrument he uses to draw attention to his presence). kelenyar, restless, on the move. kelepai, broken but not sundered, as e.g., a cluster of coconutscf. kelepet. kelepat, Hind. caulking (a boat). kelepek, pendulous (as the broken wing of a bird-cf. kelepak. kelepet, turned down (of the corner of a page)-cf. kelebet. kelepir, the testes. kelepit, kelepai- kliepit =- kelepai. k~lesek, the thin skin or coating on a banana-stem or aloe-leaf. keletak (onom.), continuous rapping-cf. ketok. keletang (onom.), the clang of metal falling on the ground. klIetar, quivering, tremblingcf. ketar. keletek (onom.), the sound of continued ticking. keleting (onom.), the sound of continuous tinkling. kletok (onom.), continuous rapping or knocking-cf. ketok. kIletong (onom.), a thumping sound. kI!ewang, a heavy chopper. kbleweh, terkeleweh, turned inside out, of pockets, etc. kilewer, (Dutch) a foresail. kli, ikan keli, a cat-fish (clarias majur). kelian, a surface mine;=galian. kelibat, I. a double-bladed paddle. II. tfrkelibat - klibat, wriggling KtLIT forward, of leeches, caterpillars; sa-kelibat, a momentary glimpse. kelichi, a hard fruit (unid.-used in children's games). kelikir, I. a loop of rattan; the kelichu, Ked. pilfering. thole-strap. II. batu kelikir N.S., Mal., laterite. keliling, position round; the part around; berkeliling, around, encircling; mengeliling or mengelilingi, to encircle; to travel round; kelilingkan or mengelilingkan, to whirl round; to bear round. kelim, a small seam; hemming. kelinchir, gelinchir. kelinchong, Pk. to diverge, of a road, a traveller. kIlindan, strong sewing thread. Keling, "Kling," a name applied to all immigrants from the Coromandel coast (but sometimes limited to Muhammadan immigrants from that coast, the others being called orang Hindu); orang K.. a Tamil or Telugu; negeri K., the Madras Presidency. kelingsir, = gelingsir and gelinchir. kelip, a twinkle; the appearance and disappearance of light; kelip-kelip, fireflies; spangles; kelip - kelal, shimmering; tr - kelip-kelip, twinkling of light, blinking of eyes. keliru, confused of thought; muddle - headed; pikir k., id.; barang k., a thing difficult to grasp (mentally). kelisa, I. Hind. a church. II. kachang kelisa, a plant (psophocarpus tetragonolobus). kglit, berkelit, dodging, e.g., behind a tree, avoiding, getting out of the way. [ 117 ]

KtLITAH kelitah, manner, idiosyncracy; banyak kMlitah, capricious, uncertain of temper. kiliti, a thole-pin. kelmarin, yesterday; k. dahulu, the day before yesterday; also k6marin. kelochah, broken (of water); choppy (of the sea). kelodak, thunder-cf. kelodan. kelodan, panah kelodan, a thunder-bolt-cf. kelodak. keloh, k. kesah, sighing and restless (as a lover); mengeloh, to sigh. kilok, a curve; an arc; berkelokkelok, cut in semi-circles (of a border)-cf. lok, telok, etc. kilola, I. management; superintendence of work. II. steel; also keluli. kelompang, the broken egg-shell when the chicken has been hatched. kilompok, a cluster; a collection a group of persons. kilonet, sa-kFlonet, a little. kelong, I. curved, arching, concave - cf. kelok. II. a wooden shield large enough to protect the whole body. III. tikam kelong, to turn on its keeper (of an elephant). kelong, a large marine fish-trap of several compartments; fish are hustled from the outer into the inmost and smallest where the entrance is closed and the fish caught. kilongkong, the soft - shelled young coconut. kilongsong, I. a thin loose wrapper such as the tissue - paper cover of a fez, the leaf enfolding maize or the slough of a snake. II. a metal vase for sireh leaf. kilongsor, = gelongsor. K!~LUS kelontang, a noisy clapper scarecrow. kelopak, a sheath, covering; calyx; k. mata, the eye-lid; k. salak, the calyx of the salak (zalacca edulis). kelorak, rumput kelorak, a grass (lophateriumn gracile). kelosok, =- gelosok. keloyak, tattered and torn-cf. koyak. kielpat, = kelepat. kelu, dumb, speechless. keluang, a large fruit-bat (pteropus edulis); siku k., a very acute angle. keluar, motion outwards, = kaluar; to go out; mengeluar or mengeluari, to sally out against; mengeluarkan, to drive out; to remove out. keluarga, Skr. family; kinsfolk; circle of relations; kaum k., id. kelubi, asam kelubi, a plant (zalacca conferta). kelubong, veiling; to veil -cf. selubong. keluli, steel; also kelola. kelulus, a ship mentioned in old romances. kelulut, a small bee (trigona, sp.). kelumbong, = kelompok. kelumpong, = kelubong. kelun, berkelun, to rise in spirals (of smoke) - cf. lok, telok, kelong I., etc. keluna, a climber with green berries (smilax megacarpa). kWlupas, mengglupas, (1) to keep peeling off; (2) intr., to waste away-cf. kupas. kelupur, mengelupur, to struggle and sprawl (of a slaughtered fowl). kIlur, to call; = panggil. kilurut, a gathering near the finger-tip; a whitlow. kilus, an edible sea-worm. [ 118 ]

KfiMALA kemala, a talisman; a luminous bezoar; also gimala. kemalai, lemah kemalai, extremely weak; also lmah gemalai. kemam, mouthing but not swallowing- (e.g., a quid of tobacco). kemamam, weak after illness. kemang, an evil spirit affecting new-born children. kemangi, medang kemnangi, a tree (cinnamomuni parthenoxylon). kemarau, a drought; musiin k., the dry season. kemarin, yesterday; k. dahulu, the day before yesterday; also kelmarin. kemarok, ravenously hungry after illness. kemas, storing away in limited space; knmaskan, to pack (anything) up; berkemas, tidied up. kemayoh, = p~ngayoh, from kayoh. kembal, a basket made of mengkuang leaf, Pen. = rombong, Mal. kembala, = enbala. kembali, return to the point of original departure; hidup k., to come to life again; k. ka-rahmat Allah, to return to God's mercy; to die; kembalikan, to give (anything) back; to restore. kemban, fastening the sarong round the bosom; berkemban, so fastened. kembang, opening out (of a flower); kain k., a sarong worn without trowsers underneath; k. hati, exulting; berkembang, to blossom out; tgrkembang, expanded, spread out. k6mbar, twin; duplicated; anak k., twin children; saudara sa-k., twin-brothers; m~ngembari, to duplicate; to rival in contest. k6mbara, mnngembara, to wander. KIMPANG Kembayat, kain Kernbayat, cloth from Cambay in India. kembili, a tuber (coleus tuberosus). kembiri, gelding, castrated; ayam, k., a capon. k6mbaya, the frangipanni (plhi miera acutifolia). kembong, I. inflated, blown out; perut k., inflated after meals; terkembong, swollen out, puffed out. II. a large rice tun. kembor, Ked. to joke. kemdian, =knmudian. kemeh, berkemeh, to pass urine. kemeIa, Port. a shirt. kemejan, = kemenyan. kemek, dented, as wood, metal; hidong k., a snub nose; kemokk., covered with dents. kemelut, the crisis in a disease. kemendalu, a mistletoe; a treeparasite; also bendalu. kemendikai, a water-melon; also mendikai. kemendit, = kendit. kementam (onom.), to keep stamping on the ground. kemeCnyan, benzoin; kayn k., the tree (styrax benzoin); pasang k. or bakar k., to burn benzoin; yu kemenyan, a species of dogfish (unid.). kemering, a were-tiger. kemerok, addled egg, when the chick is not yet formed, = kemurok, tembelang. Cf. kemungkus. kemetut, dwarfed (of fruit). kemi, = gemi. kemirau, Pah. half-ripe, of fruit. kemiri, the candle-nut (aleurites molluccanus); also buah keras. kemok, kgmok - kemek, covered with dents-cf. kemek. kemonchak, summit, top, crest. kempa, Pers. a seal of state. kimpang, Pen. a river dug-out. [ 119 ]

KeMPAS kempas, a large tree (cumpassia malaccensis). k~mpek, restless from curiosity. kempilur, a wicker - work case divided into compartments. kempis, shrinking; shrunk, as a sack, abscess, breasts. kempit, = kepit. kempong, shrunken about the cheeks (as a toothless man). kempu, a large lidded lacquer round box with handle and trays, for clothes. kempul, terkempul-kempul, slow and laborious (of progress). ^.mpum,=kempong and kepunm. kemput, = kempong and kepum. kempunan, a calamity, misfortune; unfortunate, owing to not having satisfied an urgent desire to eat some particular thing, e.g., a pregnant woman desires to eat a cuttle-fish; she does not get the cuttle-fish and dies in child-birth from having neglected to satisfy her desire. kemudi, a rudder; berkemudi, to steer; k. chawat, a rudder of European type; k. sepak, a paddle-rudder of Malay type - cf. kemudian and mudek. kemudian, after, afterwards, subsequent to; k. daripada itu, subsequently; hari yang k., days to come. kemukus, = kemungkus. kemukut, demukut. kemunchup, = chumuchup. kemungkus, I. cubebs. II. telor k~mungkus, addled egg, when the chick is formed. kemuning, a tree yielding a veined yellow wood (murraya exotica). k~munting, the rose-myrtle (rhodomyrtus tomentosa); also kermunting; k. China, a pink KFNCHING or white periwinkle (vi n c a rosea, vinca rosea alba). kemut, I. throbbing gently (of the pulse or of the fontanel). II. k. lumpur, stuck in the mud (of boats, etc.). Ken, Skr. a title of Javanese ladies; also Kin. kena, contact; to experience; to touch or hit off exactly; k. denda, to incur a fine; k. sakit, to fall ill; kenakan or mengenakan, to affix, to put on; to deceive; terkena, deceived. kenal, kenali, mengenal or mengenali, to recognise; kenalan, an acquaintance. kenan, I. berkenan, to take kindly to something; memperkenankan, to approve, to assent to. II. congenital deformity or weakness. kenang, kenangan, loving recollection; kenang - kenanqan, keep - sake; kenangkan, to regret; to recall affectionately. kenanga, a tree with scented green flowers (cananga odo - rata). kenantan, white, of a fightingcock. Cf. sinantan, santan. kenapa, why? for what ieason? - kena apa? kenari, Eng. canary-seed (cana rium commune); burong kenari, the canary. kenas, shell - fish preserved in brine (with rice, sago, etc.). kenchana, Skr. gold (in literary language); = m as (in colloquial). kenchang, stiff (of a breeze). kencheng, I. a Chinese drill worked with a bow. II. a kettle. kenching, passing urine; sakit k., gonorrhoea or other urethral trouble. [ 120 ]

KENCHONG kenchong, I. kasut kenchong, a kind of slipper with upturning toes. II. akar k., a large climbing plant (melodorum manubriatum). III. kechong. kenchup, coming to a point; budding. kendak, a mistress or guilty lover; berkeudak, to commit adultery or fornication. kendala, =- gendala. kendali, Jav. the bridle of a horse. kendara, Skr. kendaraan, a mount, a steed, a vehicle, a carriage; mengendarai, to ride, to be mounted on, to be borne on. kendati, desire, wish; - kehendak hati. kenderi, Tam. a measure of weight, a "candareen." kendi, I. burong k~ndi, a name sometimes given to the curlew (nunmenius arquata), to the whimbrel (n. phwopus), and to the large sandpiper (limosa limosa) and sometimes limited to the limosa-cf. burong changgai. II. Skr. gem; nila - kendi, the sapphire. III. Malayalam, a water vessel with a spout, a water kettle. kendiri, self, oneself; = sendiri. kendit, a narrow belt, often of coins. Also gendit. kendong, carrying in a small fold or wrapper - cf. kandong (which refers to carrying on a large scale). kendur, loose, slack, not taut. kinduri, Pers. a feast. kenek, shrunken, dwarfish. keneri, = kenderi. kengkang, walking with the knees wide apart; the walk of a bowlegged man. kengkeng, terkIngkeng - king - keng, with legs apart as of a dog K1tPALA running or of a man disabled or of a swimmer leaping to chase. kengkeng, I. raising a foot or paw; resting one knee on the other. II. the whining of dogs. kengkiak, = kongkiak. kening, the brows; bulu k., the hair on the eye-brows. kenjang, mengenjang, to dig. kenjur, erect, stiff. Cf. genjur. kinong, a small copper gong forming part of the gamelan. kental, thick (of a fluid); only slightly viscous. kentang, ubi kentang, the potato (solanum tuberosum). kentara,- ketara. kentong, kentong- kentong, a wooden sounding-block used at a private mosque. kentut, berkgntut, to break wind. kenyal, pliable to the touch; resilent, elastic. kenyam, N.S. tasting by touching the lips. kenyang, satisfied; sated with food. kenyir, lusting after; = ingin. klnyit, spasmodic of movement of the lips or eyelids. kenyut, sucking movement. kepah, a generic name for a number of shells (especially of the genus capsa). kepak, the wing of birds which do not fly; mngepak - ngepak, to flap the wings. kepak, terkepak, bent, warped or twisted (of arm, branch, limb). kepal, a lump; a clot; a coagulated mass, of cooked rice. kepala, Skr. head; (by metaphor) fountain, source; k. a ng i n, empty- headed, frivolous; k. bgrat, heavy - witted, dull; k. kongs i the head of a secret society; k. ringan, intelligent; k. surat, the heading to a letter; [ 121 ]

KtiPALANG k. susu, cream; batu k., the cranium; pining k., dizzy; sakit k., headache; kepala mayat, an offering of money (N.S.), or a weapon (Pah.) made to the ruler by a chief elected to succeed a chief deceased. k~palang, of little account; ordinary; bukan k., out of the common. keparat, Ar. unbelieving, infidel (as a term of abuse). kepari, daun pokok kepari, mint. k~patil, small adze for planing. kepaya, buah kepaya, the papaya fruit; better buah betek. kepayang, a tree ( p a ngium edule). kepeng, a small coin; a "cash" or fractional part of a cent. kepet, unwashed (of the abai - mana)-a term of abuse. kepiah, = kopiah. k~pialu, demam kHpialu, fever with delirium; a severe type of fever. kepil, adjoining, alongside; berkepil-kHpil, in line side by side; kepilkan, to draw up alongside. keping, a fragmentary portion, a piece; a numerical coefficient of foliaceous objects, e.g., as sheets of paper. kepir, a jerk with the hand or finger. kepiran, scored off, diddled. kepit, I. to press between connected surfaces, e.g., between the arm and the body; nmngepit, to carry under the arm-cf. apit, sepit, etc. II. a vessel resembling a bugong. kepiting, an edible marine crab; fig., a miser. kepoh, I. full (as the sails of a ship); bulging out. II. gantong k., to put up hangings in a raja's court Pk. KtRAH kepok, a large round tun for storing rice. kepong, berkepong, to patrol round and round; mengepong, to besiege, to surround; terkepong, invested, hemmed in. kepudang, burong kepudang, a kind of thrush mentioned in romances. kepul, closely packed; clotted. kepulaga, = pelaga. kepum, shrunken (of the cheeks); hollow and drawn; also kempong. kepurun, broth made from sagomeal. kt.puyoh, - puyoh. kepuyu, =puyu-pugu. kera, the common long-tailed monkey (macacus cynomolgus); p~riok k., the " monkey - cup" or pitcher plant (nepenthes); k. duku, the slow loris (nycticebus tardigradus); gembala k., a bird (eupetes macrocercus): hamba k.. the racquet - tailed drongo (dissemurus platurus). kerabat, I. climbing up, swarming up, clinging (as a climber to a tree); ikat k., a knot in several coils. II. Ar. relations; kaum k. id. kerabek, kerobak-kHrabek, picking or plucking to pieces. kerabu, I. a tiny "stud" ear-ring. II. a sort of salad made of fish, prawns and cucumber. III. a tree (xanthophilllum rufum or lophopetallum fimbriatum). kerachak, ripples, " cat's-paws on the water. kerachang, = kerajang. kerachap, a wooden musical instrument used in menora performances. kerah, to call people together for forced labour, mutual defence, [ 122 ]

KEiRAI etc.; jurn k., an official subordinate of the batin or chief of Jakun tribes; gong pengerah, a gong used for summoning people to meet. kerai, I. rotan kerai, a valuable rattan (doemonoropus geniculatus). II. = gerai. kerajang, mas kerajang, tinsel, gold foil. kerak, I. the scorched bits of food adhering to the sides of the saucepan; refuse in cooking. II. (onom.) a cracking sound. kerakah, I. = Eur. a carrack, an ancient type of sailing-ship. II. = kekah. kerakap, sireh kerakap, the larger (and coarser) sireh leaves; inferior sireh leaf. kerama, = kerma. keramat, Ar. miracle-working; invested with supernatural power (of a place, object, or person); wali k. or dato' k., the saint buried in a wonder-working shrine; a genius loci; ditimpa k., slain by unseen powers for sacrilege at a sacred spot. kerambit, a narrow - bladed curved dagger. kerampang, the fork; the point of junction of the lower limbs. keran, a small portable brazier. kerana, = karna. keranchang, = kerajang. keranda, Skr. a three-plank coffin. kerang, I. a generic name for a number of shell-fish (arca spp.). II. (onom.) kgrong- kerang, a clanging sound. kerang, kerang - keroh, uneven, irregular (as writing on unruled paper). kerangkang, = kerampang. k~rani, Hind. a clerk, a writer. keranJang, a coarsely made basket. KtRBOK keranji, a generic name for a number of trees (dialium spp.). kerap, frequent, close of texture; k. kali, often; kerapi, to repeat, e.g., a dose of medicine. kerap, - kirap. kerapis, kiropas - kerapis, odds and ends. kerapu, a generic name given to a number of fish (serranus spp.). keras, hard, stiff; obstinate; rigid, inelastic; k. hati, obstinate of disposition; buah k., the candle - nut (aleurites moluccanus); kerasi, to press for, to insist; keraskan, to stiffen, to> harden. kerat, I. sa-kerat, a portion cut off; kereta sa - k., a "shandrydan in Province Wellesley; keratan, a severed piece, a fragment; kerati, to cut, to sever. II. Ar. a carat, a measure of weight for diamonds. keratun, Jav. the abode of a prince (ratu); a palace. kerawai, a large wasp making its. home in the ground. kerawak, tupai kerawak, a squirrel (sciurus bicolor)? kerawang, open-work, fret-work; berkerawang, fretted, e.g., of pierced brass work; having open-work, e.g., of lace, etc. kerawat, a rattan fastening connecting the iron of 'an adze with the handle. k~rawit, chaching kerawit, in - testinal worms. kerbang, - gerbang. kerbas, to shake vigorously; a frequentative of kebas. kerbat, enfolding in many folds; winding round. kerbau, a buffalo; k. balar, a pink buffalo. kerbok, boring into; gnawing into. [ 123 ]

KCRCHUT kerchut, I. a common sedge used in mat-making (scirpus mucronatus). II. a sack of that sedge. kerda, a curry-comb; also kerok. kerdam (onom.), kerduna - kr - darn, a continuous thumping sound. kerdil, undersized of men, animals. kerdum, see kerdam. kerdut, wrinkled, crumpled, creased. k~redak, dirty, caked with filth, of persons' crockery. kerek, the tire of a wheel; the small wheel inside a pulley. kerekut, shrivelled up into a coil; curling (as paper exposed to heat); orang k., a miser (who "coils round money "). k~remut, puckering up the face. kerenah, Pk. capricious. kirenchang (onom.), chinking; clinking; clanking. kmernchat, dwarfed of men, trees. k&r6ncheng, the triangle (musical instrument). kekengga,? Skr. the red ant or fire- ant (oecophylla smaragdina). kerengkel, to spread (of a skin disease). kErengseng, = kereseng. kerentat, = kerenchat. k~renting, = keriting. k6repek, a round flat cake of sagomeal and sugar. k/repes, feeling about for something (with the fingers only). kerput, shrivelling up round a central point (as a boil). keresek, sand, gravel. kereseng, just revealing the interior (as parted lips or as a crack in a fruit). keresut, puckering the forehead. k~reta, a carriage; a generic name for wheeled vehicles; k. KtRIS angin, a switchback railway, (sometimes) a bicycle; k. api, a railway or steam tramway; k. bechak, a jinrikisha; k. " engine," a motor-car, also k. gas and k. hantu; k. lancha, Pk. Pen. k. Hong Kong,=k. bechak; k. kerbau, a buffalo- cart; k. lereng, a bicycle; k. sa-kerat, a Province Wellesley shandrydan; k. sewa, a hackney - carriage; pasang k., to harness the horses to a carriage. keretut, uneven (of sewing). keri, a small sickle for cutting out weeds from a field of growing padi. keriat (onom.), keriat - keriut, creaking, of rowlocks or of a door. keriau, to cry out; clamouring. keribas, shaking vigorously-cf. kibas. kerichal, the slave of a slave; a term of extreme self-abasement. keridek, the mole-criket. kerikal, a large salver or tray. kerikam, an Indian cloth. kerikil, batu kirikil, flints; pebbles. keriling, Pah. berkeriling, twisted, of branches. kering, dry; batok k., consumption; phthisis; ikan k., dried fish; tulang k., the shin. k~rintil, abundant (of fruit on a tree). kerinting, shell - fish dried for preservation. kirip (onom.), mengerip, to gnaw (as mice). keris, a "kris" or Malay dagger; k. alang, a straight kris of medium length; k. cherita, a long kris with fifteen or seventeen curves in the blade; k. choban, a kris with a piece [ 124 ]

KtRISI running down the centre of the blade; k. lendayan, a long kris with a sword-handle; k. pandak, a short straight kris; k. panjang, a kris with a long and narrow blade used for executing criminals; k. pichit, a kris of a type believed to have been worked by mere finger-pressure; k. sapukal, the common straight kris intermediate in length between the k. alang and k. pandak); k. sempana, the common sinuousbladed kris (with seven curves in the blade); k. silam upeh, a kris like the k. sa-pukal but with a narrower blade; k. sonak udang, a Raman type of the k. sempana; k. tajang, a straightbladed Patani kris with the typical "kingfisher's head" handle; buntut k., the ferrule at the base of the kris-sheath; bulu k., the kris-handle; pamur k., the damascening on a kris; sampir k., that portion of the kris - sheath which covers the guard of the kris; sarong k., the krissheath; ukas k., a shell (malleus) resembling a kris-sheath. kerisi, ikan kerisi, a fish (synagris notatus); ikan k. bali (scolopsis bilineatus). kerising, k= kereseng. k6risut, = keresut. kerit (onom.), a scraping or scratching sound; keritan api, matches-cf. gerit. keriting, rambut keriting, woolly or frizzled hair; extremely curly. kerla, Skr. work, business, profession; pekSrjaan, work, occupation; kgrjakan, mcnggrjakan, to effect. k~rjang, I. kicking out with the hind - legs (of a horse) - cf. rijang. II. kirajang. kerkah, - kerkak. KPROBOK kerkak (onom.), crunching (of an animal crunching a bone). kerkap, -= kerkak. kerkau, clawing. kerk~ta, Sk. a crab. kerki, Tam. the blinds of a palanquin. kerkup, = kerkak. kerkut, a chain for closing a door. kerlap, glistening; mengerlap, to glitter. kerling, a side-glance; neingrling, to give a side glance at a person. kerlip, flickering-cf. kelip. kerma, I. Skr. a curse; jatoh k., the falling of a curse; papa kerma, an accident. II. Skr. Betara Kerma or Kerma Wijaya, the Hindu Cupid (Kama) or conquering god of love. kermah, siput kermah, a shell (oliva subulata or oliva nobilis). kermak, a generic name for a number of plants. kermangka, a plant (draccena Maingayi). kermunting, the rose-myrtle (rhodomyrtus tomentosa); also k6 -munting. kerna, = karna. kernai, Kel. slicing into small pieces. kernu, Port. a gun-powder horn. kernyam, restless; fidgetting. kernyau, restless, of children. kirnyeng, angry snarling. kernyit, knitting or raising the brows (as a signal or hint). klrnyut, kernyat-kernylut, throbbing convulsively. kerobak, kerobak-keerabek, picking or plucking to pieces. kerobek, kerobek - kelebek, a pinch of anything; picking out a very small portion of anything. k~robok, a provision-hamper. [ 125 ]

K1tROCHOK kerochok, a sort of rattle used to attract the parang-parang fish (pristis sp.)? keroh, I. turbid (of water); k* h a t i, malicious. II. (onom.) mengeroh, the sound of snoring; snoring. keroh, kerang - keroh, uneven, irregular (as writing on unruled paper). kerok, I. (onom.) a dull cracking sound; the croak of a frog. II. a curry-comb; also kerda. III. a fruit-fly; = bari-bari. keromong, a series of gongs forming part of a Javanese orchestra. keronchong, I. a large tinkling anklet. II. a rough bell or clapper, e.g., for bullocks. kerong, kerong - kerong, ship's scuppers; ikan kerong - kerong, a fish (sebastes stolizkw). kerongkong, the gullet; kerongkongan, id. kerongsang, = kerosang. kerontang, parched, extremely dry; kering k., id. keropas, keropas - kerapis, odds and ends. keropok, a dish of fish and flour eaten with rice. kerosang, a Malay brooch. kerosek (onom.), to wash rice; to scrape the scales of fish-cf. kosek. kerosok (onom.), rustling and crackling, of dry leaves. kerpai, a powder-flask. k~rpak (onom.), the sound of crackling. kerpas, 1. (onom.) rustling. II. dregs, sediment, lees. k6rpis, = kerpas, I. kerpus, = kerpas, I. kersai, crisp (of cooked rice). k~rsang, I. dry and stiff (of the hair) arid (of the soil). II. = kerosang. KtIRUKUT Kersani, besi Kersani, Khorassan iron; iron of proof. kersek, I. (onom.) a rustling sound. II. gravel, coarse sand; also gersek. kersul, = kMrsang, I. kersut, = keresut. kertak, I. a bridge; also gertak. II. (onom.) a dull cracking sound. kertang, I. covered with dirty sores. II. a fish (unid.). kertap (onom.), a sound such as that of a door being closed. kertas, I. Ar. paper; k. kembang or k. tekap, blotting-paper; mas k., gold leaf. II. (onom.) the rustle of crisp paper. kertau, I. a small insect destructive to cloth. II. an evil spirit. kertika, = ketika. kertok (onom.), the sound of rapping. kertup, = kertap. kertus, = kertas, II. keru, Ked. = kur. keruan; Jav. tiada keruan, indescribable; in utter confusion; = ta' ketahuan. kerubong, I. gathering together (of people); mobbing; = kerumun; kerubongi or mengerubongi, to mob, to overwhelm by numbers. II. a padi barn built of pandan leaves. kerubut, a plant (thottea grandiflora). II. K. a padi-barn. kerudut, - kerdut. keruing, a generic name for a number of trees yielding a special kind of oil (dipterocarpus spp.); minyak k., the oil so yielded. keruit, wagging, of the tip- (e.g., of the tip of a cat's tail). kerukut, curling, round; clinging to. [ 126 ]

KtRUL kerul, Skr. curl; rambut k., curly hair. kerumit, I. to gnaw. II. Hind. crawling progress; jalan terkerumit-kerumit, id. kerumun, berkerumun, to mass together; kerumuni, to mob. kerumus, wild hugging as of women fighting. keruntil, abundant, of hanging fruit. kerunting, a wooden clapper. kerup (onom.), sound of munching. keruping, the scab over a healing wound-cf. kuping. kerusi, Ar. a chair; k. panjang, a long chair; also kursi. kerusut, very much entangledcf. kusut. kerut, I. creasing up; puckering up, frowning. II. (onom.) a rasping sound. kerutu, wrinkled, lined, creased, rough to the touch. kerutup, I. (onom.) a cracking sound. II. (Penang) assault by a gang. keruyup, uxorious. kesa, first the first (from sa). kesah, restless; keloh k., sighing and restless (as a lover). kesah, Ar. narrative; al-kesah, " the story runs " — a common exordium to a paragraph; also kisah. kesai, Ar. a butcher. kesak, edging about, shifting uneasily in one's seat-cf. kIsah. kesal, Jav. repentant - se'sal. kesambi, a tree (antidesma ghoesembilla). kesan, (= bekasan) the footprint of an animal; a dent or mark left by pressure. kesang, I. sneezing; =sang. II. an insect destructive to crops. KtTAI kesat, I. rough to the touch; coarse of surface - texture. II. wipe moisture off a smooth surface. kesbeh, pokok k. =pokok tasbeh, the canna. kesek (onom.), kesek-kesek, rustling, whispering-cf. kesu-kesi. kesek, rubbing or scraping a sharp edge against anything (used especially of playing the violin); also gesek. kesel, - gesel. ke'si (onom.), kesu-klesi, rustling, whispering-cf. kesek. kesing,- kesang, I. kesip, I. lacking kernel (of fruit), slice or section; buta k., blind when the eye-ball is destroyed. II. gone down, of a boil. III. to suck the lingers, fruit, etc. keskul, Pers. a beggar's bowl. kesmak, a dried fruit imported from China. kesmaran, Skr. and Jav. in love, love; = berahi; edan k., madly in love; = gila berahi (from asmara); anxious, perplexed. Kesna, Skr. Betara Kesna, the Hindu divinity Krishna. kesoma, Skr. a flower; fig., a beautiful woman or youth. kesturi, Skr. musk. kesu (onom.), kesu - kesi, the sound of whispering-cf. kesek. kesuari, burong keruari, a cassowary. kesuir, hairy in the nostrils. kesumba, Skr. the arnotto (bixa orellana); a red dye; red; dyed red. k6sup, I. (onom.) a sucking sound. II. bowed with head between shoulders. kesut, edging towards anything. keta, = geta. ketageh, see tageh. ketai, crumbling to pieces. [ 127 ]

KtTAK ketak, a crease; a fold; a wrinkle. ketam, I. a plane; planing; tahi k~tam, shavings. II. harvesting; pengetaman, id.; mengetani, to harvest. III. a generic name for crabs. ketan, Jav. dry pulut rice. ketang, taut, astretch; k. ka-dada, tight over the breast (of a garment). ketang, = kitang. ketap, mengetap bibir, to bite the lips. ketapang, the Indian almond (terminalia catappa). ketar, to quiver; tsrketar-ketar, trembling all over. ketara, visible; obvious. ketat, tight, of a stopper or cork. ki<taya, a torch-holder. ketayap, I. a small white skullcap worn under a turban. II. = k~tiap. ketegar, obstinate. ketek, the long pair of legs in grass-hoppers. ketek, berjalan terketek - ketek, strutting of a short-legged person or animal. keteki, =- tekak-t~ki. ketela, - kMledek. ketengga, kayu ketengga, a very pretty light- coloured veined wood. keti, I. hundred thousand; sak~ti, a hundred thousand; berketi-keti, in hund-eds of thousands. II. anak keti, a ball [used in playing certain obsolete games; and, in literature, a simile for the heads of the slain rolling about a battle field.] Also kuti. ketiak, the armpit; tongkat k., a crutch. kitial, difficult to remove (as a cork from the mouth of a bottle). KETUBAN ketiap, perahu ketiap, a houseboat used on rivers. ketika, Skr. time; division of time; period; pada k. itu, at that time; k. lima and k. tujoh, the division of time into five or seven periods that are lucky or unlucky as the case may be. ketil a pinch, nipping. ketimbal, crawling, of maggots or dead flesh. ketimpong (onom.), making a splashing sound, of bathers. ketimun, --- tinun. keting, the tendon Achillis. ketip, I. the biting of leeches, mosquitoes, ants nipping slightly between the teeth as a man biting his lips. II. a very small silver coin; a five cent piece. ketirah, a plant (unid.). ketis, I. to jerk off something adhering to a finger or limb. II. the immediate stalk of a fruit that grows in clusters. III. N.S. the long legs of a grass-hopper or prawn. Cf. ketek. ketitir, burong ketitir, the Malay turtle-dove (turtur tigrinus). ketok (onom.), tapping, rapping; the note of certain birds; a small sounding block. ketola, a generic name for a number of pumpkins, e.g., luffsa cylindrica and trichosanthes anguina. ketong, I. (onom.) to give out the sound "tong"; the sound made by a drum. II. the stump left when a limb, tail or branch is cut off; m~ngetong, to cut mnngkuang. III. semut k~tong, a large black ant. ketopong, a helmet or shako mentioned in old romances; the air funnel of a ship. k~tuat, a large wart. ketuban, Sing. = tuban. [ 128 1

Ki9TUBONG k~tubong, the swarming and stinging of hornets; kena k., to be attacked by a swarm of hornets. ketul, a thick piece; a clot; a hardish lump; a loaf. ketulul, a confederate in anl offence; a thieves' spy; a gobetween in dealings in stolen property; a procurer. ketumbar, Tam. coriander (coriandrum sativum). k/tumbit, I. a herb used in the treatment of skin-diseases (leucas zeylanica). II. a stye in the -eye. ketun, ringgit k., the "pillar" dollar. k~tupat, a palm-leaf wrapper for cooked rice. kitur, Hind. a spittoon for betelchewers. keyangan, see yang. khabar, Ar. news; apa k.? what news?-=how do you do? kertas k., or surat k., a newspaper; tiada khabarkan diri - nya, unconscious. khadam, Ar. obeisance. khair, Ar. good, excellent. khalayak, Ar. the world of creation and created things; mankind. khali, Ar. empty, void; omitting, failing to do. Khalifah, Ar. Caliph, God's viceregent. Khalik, Ar. God the creator. khalka, Ar. the creation; Khalikul-khalka, the Creator of created things; God. khalwat, Ar. hermitage, berkhalwat, to go into retreat or seclusion. khamir, Ar. yeast, leaven. Khamis, Ar. the fifth day of the week; Thursday. KIAI, khanah, Ar. store - house; ajaib khanah, museum. khanjar, Pers. a cutlass, a chopper. khasah; kain k., gauze, muslin. khasiat, Ar. property, virtue (of plants), natural characteristic. khatam, Ar. ended, concluded (especially of studies). khatan, Ar. circumcision. khatib, Ar. the reader in a mosque; the chief mosque official after the imam. khatifah, a rich cloth mentioned in old romances. khayal, Ar. vision, trance. khemah, Ar. a tent; berkhemah, to encamp. kh6ralat, Ar. I. land-tax; expense; kh. mati, N.S. funeral expenses. II. Pk. trimmings of bride's hair. khidmat, Ar. service, obedience. khilaf, Ar. error, mistake, blundering. khiali, Ar. intoxicating. khianat, Ar. deceit, treachery, abuse of confidence, breach of trust. khizanah, Ar. treasury; strongroom. khuatir, Ar. fear, apprehension, fancy; also kuatir. khula, Ar. divorce from a husband granted on a wife's application. khurma, Ar. b u a h k., a date (fruit); also kurma. khusus, Ar. particular, special. khutbah, Ar. the formula of a prayer; k. nikah, the marriage service. kia, yu kia-kia, species of ray (rhyncobatus) which suggests a shark at one extremity of its body and a ray at the other; a type of a double-faced person. kiah, p6ngiah, a shoe-horn. Kiai, Jav. a title given to religious teachers. [ 129 ]

KIAL kial, terkial - kial, making a supreme effort; putting out one's full strength. kiamat, Ar. hari kiamat, the day of judgment. kiambang, an aquatic plant (pistia stratiotes):-symbol of fleeting love in verses. kian, "time" in such expressions as " five times," " ten times"; sa - kian, once; this much; so much; demikian, to this extent; so; arakian, accordingly; kalakian, next; afterwards; then. kiani, Pers. royal. kiap, the truck of a mast or flagstaff. kias, Ar. analogy; innuendo. kiat, out - of - joint; not meeting exactly; tulang k., a dislocated joint of a limb. kibar, flapping in the breeze; berkibaran, to be waving (of flags, pennons, etc.); kibarkan, to wave (transitive). II. Slang, Ked.-to bolt. kibas, I. holding (a fan or any similar object) in the hand and shaking that object vigorously. II. Ar. kambing kibas, the Arabian sheep. kiblah, Ar. the direction in which Mecca lies. kichak, I. (onom.) the note of the magpie-robin; also cherita. II. coll., a pauper, vagabond. kichau, -= kichak. kichu, a deceitful trick; mengichu-ngichu orang, to swindle people. kida, kida-kida, thin lozengeshaped spangles. kidal, left-handed. kidap, rubbish, dirt. kidong, mnngidong, to intone (an address or a tale). kidul, Jav. the south. KINCHAK kihil, K. terkihil, carried out of her course by wind or tide, of a ship. kijai, terkijai - kijai, quivering with pain (as a man stung by an insect). kijang, the barking deer (cervulus minuntjac). kiling, an edible marine mussel (species unid.). kikir, a file, a grater; miserly. kikis, scraping, e.g., the paint off wood. kilah, berkilah, Pk. to picnic. kilan, I. Jav. the span of the hand; = jengkal. II. N.S. terkilan, aggrieved. kilang, = kelang. kilas, a thong; a strap for pinioning. kilat, scintillation; flashing; lightning; p~tir k., thunder and lightning; berkilat, to flash. kilau, brilliancy, glitter, radiance; kilau - kilauan, flashing at intervals. kilek, = kelek. kili, kili-kili the reel on a fishingrod; the ring through a buffalo's nose. kilir, m e n g i l i r, to sharpen; setting. kima, siput k., a large shell (tridacna squamosa)? kimbah, to clean with sand and water. kimbang, wheeling about in the air (as a hawk or eagle). kimbul, the jakes (in a ship). kimia, Ar. alchemy. Kin, Skr. a titular prefix to the names of Javanese ladies; also Ken. kinchah, cleaning by scraping or rubbing. kinchak, terkinchak - kinchak, pantomime accompanying singing; violently gesticulating. [ 1- ]

KINCHANG kinchang, kinchang - kinchang, gadding about. kinchir, a water-wheel turned by the pressure of the current against the paddles of the wheel [the revolving wheel raises water up in bamboo cylinders and pours it into a conduit at a higher level]; k. ayer, id. kinchup, = kenchup. kingkap, Hind. a "kincob" or piece of rich cloth. kinyang, rock-crystal. kiok, I. berkiok, the cackling of a fowl picked up. II. - kiat. kiong, a marine shell-fish (unid.). kipai, besprinking (by waving a wet cloth or aspergillus). kipan, (Pk.) the young tapir (showing striped markings and believed by Malays to be a different animal to the adult); also badak k. kipas, a fan; tingkap k., venetians; kipasi, kipaskan, to fan. kira, estimating, to calculate; kira-kira, accouris; elmu kirakira, arithmetic; sa-kira-lcira, about, approximately; jikalau kira-nya, if by any chance. kirai, I. berkirai-kirai, marbled (of markings). II. shaking out water from a wet cloth or moisture as a wet dog or dust; kiraikan and mngngiraikan, to cleanse by shaking. III. r o ti kirai, a preparation resembling macaroni. kirap, berkirap, flapping, of a sail; bustling, of a man; darting of a fish along the surface of water. kiri, left; left-hand side. kirim, sending (things not persons); di - kirim - nya surat, he sent a letter; kirimi, kirimnkan and mengirimkan, to send; kiriman, a thing sent. KOCHI kisa, a small drag-net or seine used by Malacca fishermen. kisah, Ar. story, narrative; alkisah, the story runs-a common exordium to a paragraph; also kesah. kisar, revolution; motion round a central point; kisaran, anything that does its work by revolution, e.g., a lathe, grindstone, or mill-wheel; pengisar, id. kisi, kisi-kisi, lattice-work. kismis, Pers. raisins, currants. kita, we (includes the person addressed; kami does not) the royal or editorial I. kitab, Ar. a writing; a book (specially a religious book); scripture. kitabi, Ar. "scriptural"-a name given by Muhammadans to Christians and Jews who accept biblical books revered as authorities but who do not accept the Koran. kitak, Ked. in crowds, crowded. kitang, a fish with a very poisonous dorsal fin (holacanthus annularis; also seatophagus argus). kitar, to move in a circle - cf. kisar. kiut, Pah. a hoe. kiwi, a supercargo in a Malay perahu. kobah, Pers. a kettle-drum. kobak,kobakkan, to peel, husk. kobis, Hind. a cabbage. kobok, a party; dudok bgrkobokkobok, to sit about in groups. kochah, kochah-kacheh, fiiddling about with things. kochak, berkochak, be stirred, of waves, water. kochek, a pocket in a garment. Kochi, I. Cochin - China. II. a water-jug. [ 131 ]

KOCHOH kochoh, tgrkochoh-kochoh, in a hastle, hurry. kochong, a long pyramidal cap; hantu k., a sheeted ghost which progresses over the ground by rolling along sideways; 1. kochong, a gourd with a long narrow neck. kodi, Tam. a score; twenty. kodok, Jav. a frog or toad; = katak. koe, you; the (Batavia) form of kau. kohong, stinking; putrid. kohut, Pah. stiff from exercise or remaining in one position. kola, Hind.! Pers. water-jug (with handles and a narrow neck but no spout). kojah, Pers. a name given to Indian traders. Also khojah.. kok, a single yoke - cf. igu (a double yoke). kokoh, = kukoh. kokok, I. (onom.) the crowing of a cock; berkokok, to crow. II. to carry pick-a-back. kokol, see kejang. kokong, claw-shaped. kokop, = kukup. kokot, shaped like a claw; clawing. kolak, kolak-kalek, up and down or backwards and forwards. kolam, Tam. a pond; reservoir; tank. kolang, kolang- kaling, topsy - turvy; upside down. kolek, a Malay canoe. koloh, ager koloh, the coarse dye in which cloth is first steeped. kolong, a hollow, e.g., under a table or under a Malay house. koma, I. Skr. konma-koma, saffron. II. Pah. a familiar pronoun for the first person. komak, komak-kamek, mouthing; KONTANG the movement of the mouth when speaking or eating. komat, komat-kamit, = karnakkamek. komeng, small of its kind; dwarf; congenitally impotent, of the male. Kompeni, Eur. the Government; hamba K., convicts (in the East India Company's days). kompong, maimed (by the lopping off of a limb), if a stump is left. kompot, maimed (by the lopping off of a limb), if no stump is left. konang, = kunang. konchah, choppy (of the sea); broken (of water). konchak, the summit of a mound or heap - cf. kemonchak, ponchak, etc. konchong, k= kochong. konchor, the young of the kingcrab (limulus moluccanus). kong, I. the rib of a boat. II. siput kong, a shell ( c ass i s cornuta). kongkang, a name given sometimes to the slow loris (nycticebus tardigradus) and sometimes to the tarsius. kongkeng, altercation, snarling. kongkiak, a large black biting ant. kongkong, I. baying, of dogs. II. a block suspended from the neck to impede an animal's movements. III. Pah. to tow a boat. kongsi, Ch. an association; a society; kepala k., the head of a Chinese secret society. konon, it is said; the story goes. kontal, kontal-kantil, pendulous and swaying (of short thick objects). kontan, (French) ready money. kontang, kontang-kanting, dangling and swaying (of a long pendant). [ 132 ]

KONTOL kontol, short, stumpy and pendulous. konyong, I. sa-konyong-konyong, all of a sudden, unexpectedly. II. jalan terkonyong-konyong, to walk about stiffly erect. kop, I. dome, the cupola on the howdah of an elephant; berkop, domed. II. a Siamese tical. III. Siam. from Pali, a cycle of years, the 12 year cycle of the rice pawang, the years of which are designated by animal names in Siam, Cambodia, China, Japan and Malaya. kopah, a mass, a lump, a clot, a quantity. kopak, I. kopak-kapek, very limp and pendulous (of the breasts) -cf. kopek. II. plucking out a small piece of anything; kopakkapek, pulled to pieces, scattered, dispersed. II. senapang k., a breech-loading gun. kopek, limp, long and pendulous (of the breasts). kopi, I. Eng. copy. II. Eng. coffee. III. a round oval-lidded metal casket for betel, tobacco. kopiah, Ar. a cap; a hood. kopok, an obsolete musical instrument mentioned in romances. korang, = kurang. korek, boring or digging a hole; mengorek, to dig; ikan korek telinga buaya, a fish (gastrotoceus biaciuleatus). koreng, a scurfy skin-disease. koret, (Singapore) dregs, sediment. kori, = guri. koris, = goris. korma, I. = khurma. II. Hind. meat stewed with spices. kosa, Skr. an ankus or elephantgoad; kosai to prod with the ankus; also besi kuasa. KOYOK kosak (ononm.), kosak - kasek, fidgeting. kosek (onoin.), the sound of washing rice or scraping the scales off fish. kosel, to keep reverting to an argument, statement or work. kosong, empty, idle, hollow. kota, Skr. a fort; kotai, to fortify; kota mara, the casement or breast-work protecting gunners (in a pirate ship), in contradistinction to the movable gunshields (apilan). kotah, I. pinang kotai, dried betelnut. II. hanging by a thread; not quite severed. kotak, a chest, a locker; k. sorong-sorong, a drawer; sampan k., a Chinese shoe-boat with lockers in the stern. kotek, I. tail; caudal projection; terkotek-kotek, wagging the tail. II. S'pore. terkotek, cackling of a hen that has laid an egg. koteng, parang koten.q, a chopper without a handle; terkoteng - koteng, alone, solitary. kotes, sa-kotes, a pinch, a very small quantity. kotong, bajat kotong, a jacket with short sleeves or no sleeves; seluar k. or cheana k., short trousers like bathing drawers, but looser. kotor, dirty; filthy; kekotoran, foulness. koyak, to tear, rending; torn; koyak - koyak, much torn, ragged; koyakkan, to tear; koyakkoyakkan, to tear to pieces; to keep tearing up. koyan, a measure of considerable weight or capacity; 40 pikul or about 800 gantang. koyok, cur; pariah dog. [ 133 ]

ku, I. I, me; - aku. II. " your highness; " an ejaculation made by a subject on hearing a prince's words; = tengku or tuan-ku. kuah, sauce, gravy; tuang k., to pour out the gravy; n akan berkuah ager mata, to flavour one's food with tears (a life of sorrow, prov.). kuak, to part a crowd, a pair of curtains, one's hair. II. menguak, to croak (as a bull-frog); to low; to bellow. kual, the rolling of a ship. kuala, estuary; the point where a main stream falls into the sea or a tributary into the main stream. kuali, a cooking-pot. kuang, I. a generic name for pheasants; k. raya, the arguspheasant (argusianus argus); k. ranggas or k. ranting, the peacock-pheasant (polyplectron icalcaratum)-cf. kuau. II. Ch. bijeh k., wolfram. Kuantong, Ch.orang China Kuantong, Muhammadan Chinese from Yunnan. kuap, mnnguap, b~rkuap, to yawn; ttrkuap, stuffy, of rooms. kuar, I. opening out a passage by swinging a long stick in front of one-cf. kuak. II. siput k., a large land snail. kuarek, a (Bugis) gold ornament. kuas, kuas - kuis, scratching up the earth (of a hen). kuasa, I. Skr. power, strength, might; an attorney; a power of attorney; letters of administraion to the estate of a deceased person; berkuasa, possessed of power or authority. II. Skr. b si kuasa, an ankus or goad; = kosa. KUCHING kuat, Ar. physical strength; vigorous; strong; kitati, to exert strength; to wrest by force. kuatir, Ar. idea, fancy; fear, anxiety; inspiration. Better khuatir. kuau (onom.), the argus-pheasant, (argusianus argus); k. chermin, the peacock-pheasant (polyplectron bicalcaratum)-cf. kuang. kubal, = gubal. kubang, a wallow; berkubang, wallowing in mud or water; k. nadi, the hollow at the base of the throat. kubis, Eng. cabbage. kubong, the flying lemur (galeopithecus volans). kubu, a stockade; an entrenchment of earth and wood; k. gajah, a large enclosure for catching elephants. kubur, Ar. a tomb; kuburkan, to bury, to inter. kuchai, Ch. a vegetable (allium sp.). kuchil, terkuchil, slipping out of position (as a mast out of a badly fitting truck). kuching, a cat; a generic name for the smaller felidae; k. Belanda, the rabbit; k. hutan, the leopard cat (felis bengalensis); k. jalang, a name sometimes given to the flat - headed cat (felis planiceps) and sometimes to domestic cats that have run wild; k. - kuching, the triceps muscle; k. negiri, the domestic cat; k. pekak, a native rattrap; k. tapai, = k. Belanda; anak k., a kitten; ekor k., a small plant with spikes of flowers suggesting a cat's tail (uraria crinita); mata k., a well-known fruit-tree (nephelium Malayense); damar mata k., the cat's-eye dammar (hopea [ 134 ]

KUCHIR globosa or pachynocarpus Wallichii). kuchir, a short queue such as that worn by a Tamil. kuchup, a smacking kiss-cf. kechup. kuda, Tam.? a horse; the knight in chess; an old Javanese title; kereta k., a vehicle drawn by a horse (as opposed to a cart or jinrikisha); k. ayer, a tapir; k. b~raksa, a pegasus; a magic steed; k. kuda, (1) trestles clothes' horse, (2) the bridge, of a violin; k. laut, an insect that runs about on the surface of water; k. selnberani, a pegasus, = k. beraksa; k. tezi, an Arab steed; bangsal k., a stable gembala k., a groom, a syce ikan kuda - kuda laut, a fish ( hippocampus trimaculatus ) kandang k., a horse - stall; a stable; b~rkuda, mounted on a horse. kudai, I. a pouch. II. the female of the mawas. kudap, a snack; light refreshments. kudis, skin-disease; mange. kudong, stumpy, maimed, docked -cf. kotong; perahu k., a vessel with a square stern; sampan k., a boat with a broad stern and narrow bows. kudrat, Ar. power, might (of God); dengan k. Ilahi Rabbi, by Bhe power of our Lord God. kudu, I. a folded bud. II. (Singapore) a Hindu idol. kudus, Ar. holy (especially in the expression roh - ul - k., the Holy Ghost). kueh, a generic name for cakes. kuek, Pah. a small fishing-boat. kui, a brazier's mould. kulni, the wild mango (mangifera foetida). KULAI kuing, Siam., a superintendent of a raja's corvee. kuis, kuiskan, Mal. to bespatter. kuit, to pull, e.g., a floating oar towards one (with the help of a pole). kujau, Ar. a jug; a water-jug. kujong, = kochong. kujur, a spear with a broad blade and long handle. kulut, strangling, garrotting. kukoh, firm, strong, steady'; k. s~tia, firm loyalty; berkukoh, to adhere obstinately to; kukohkan, to strengthen, to fortify. kuku, nail, claw, hoof, talon; saperti k. dengan isi, like the nail and the quick-(separation causes intense pain, prov.); bergantong di-hujong k., hanging from the tip of the fingernail- (a very precarious position, prov.); k. kambing, a peculiar instrument for planting padi; k. sauh, the claw of an anchor; bunga k., the light patch at the base of the finger-nail; p a hat k., the round chisel; penyirat k., the skin covering the base of the finger-nail. kukup, alluvial flats at an estuary. kukur, I. a rasper; to scrape, to rasp; k. nyiur, a coconut scraper; nyiur tahan k., a young coconut just before the water begins to collect in it. II. (onom.) the murmuring note of the dove. kukus, cooking by steaming; kukusan, a steamer, i.e., cooking utensil. kula, I. Jav. I, me. II. Skr. race, people, family; k. sentana, id. kulah, Pers. a helmet. kulai, I. hanging down slackly (as a broken branch or limb). II. a shell (turbo marmoratus). [ 135 ]

KULAT kulat, I. a fungus; a mushroom. II. berkulat - kulat, Mal. mumbling, of an old woman. kuli, Hind. a coolie labourer. kulim, a large tree (sorodocarpus borneensis). kulit, skin, peel, crust, shell, rind, husk, bark, leather; k. babi, pigskin; (by metaphor) defilement, dishonour. kulum, mengulum, to chew, to mouth, masticate. kulun, Jav. the west. kulup, Ar. foreskin; a name given to the young, i.e., "boy,"; Pk. a name for men. kulur, a cultivated variety of the breadfruit (artocarpus incisa). kuma, = koma. kumai, an ornamental line, either painted, inset, or in relief. kumal, crumpled, ruffled, slightly soiled (as paper). kuman, a very small insect; a louse (as a type of the insignificant); atom, bacteria, parasite. kumat, = komat. kumba, Skr. a frontlet worn in the state - trappings of an ele - phant. kumbah, washing; bgras k., wet (spoilt) rice; a type of the valueless. kumbang, a generic name for bumble - bees, coconut beetles, etc.; the bee as the assiduous lover of the flower; belat k., a peculiar Penang type of large fish - trap (a sub-variety of the belat Kedah); harimau k., the black panther. kumbar, I. a large and almost stemless palm (zalacca Wallichiana). lI. sampan k., a Kedah type of fishing-boat. kumbara, = kembara. kumbas, b#rkumbas, Pk. to skedaddle. KUNDAI kumbu, a basket used by anglers. kumis, an "imperial" under the under-lip. kumkuma, = koma-koma. kumpai, rumput kumpai, a swamp grass the pith of which is used as a wick (panicum myurus). kumpal, a clot, a lump. kumpul, berkumpul, assemble, gather, meet together; sa-kumpul, in one gathering, together; kumpulan, a gathering; kum - pulkan, to gather (people) together; to collect (objects). kumur, to gargle, to rinse the mouth. kun, I. Ar. be it so; = jadi-lah, in incantations. II. Ch. a border to a garment when that border is of a different colour. kunang, kunang-kunang, a firefly; k.-k. sa-k~bun, a garden of fireflies (a name given to a ring in which a large gem is set in a circle of smaller ones). kuncha, Skr. a bale; a measure for straw, grass or anything easily made up into bales; = (approximately %5 of a koyan. kunchi; Hind. a lock; locking up; a key [but anak k., is more correct in this sense]; temu k., a ginger (koempferia pandurata); kunchikan, to lock ( a door). kunchit, = kuchir. 0 kunchup, closing up or folding up (of an umbrella or of any object which shrinks on itself but is not rolled round itself like a flag); k~mbang k., opening and shutting; expanding and contracting. kundai, Tam. the short queue of a fTamil; rambut anak k., the short hair at the top of the neck. [ 136 ]

KUNDANG kundang, I. control, command, authority; (in magic) influence of the nature of hypnotic influence; k. semangat, hypnotic love charm; budak k., personal attendants or orderlies to a prince; budak kundangan, id. II. tali k., a bandage used on wound after circumcision. kundur, the wax gourd (benincasa cerifera). kungkum, N.S. folded, as the wings of a bird when not flying; mnengungkum, to close in upon, to press in upon. kuning, yellow; puteh k., pale yellow; a much admired colour of the complexion (whence it has become a term of endearment "my fair one"); mambang k., the sunset glow; kekuningan, the royal colour-yellow. kunjong, mengunjong, to visit. kuntau, Ch. first; berkuntau, to box. kuntum, a bud, a blossom. kunyah, I. chewing, ruminating. II. Ar. the naming of a father after his son. kunyit, turmeric, saffron; tUmu k., turmeric (curcuma longa). kupang, I. a coin or measure or value (equal in Penang to 10 cents). II. a marine mussel (mytilus). kupas, peeling, husking; kupaskan, to skin; terkupas, skinned, shelled. kupi, a flask. kuping, I. Jav. the ear. II. a scab over a sore-cf. keruping. kupu, I. Ar. equality, of rank; parity. II. kupu-kupu, a butterfly. kur, a cry for calling fowls and birds; k. semangat, come my life l-a term of endearment. KUSHKUL kura, I. kura- kura, a generic name for a number of tortoises (other than testudo emys). II. kura, spleen; d~mam kura, low fever; ague fits. kurai, straight broad lines in the veining of wood or the damascening of a k~ris. Kuran, Ar. the Koran. kurang, reduction; less; (by extension) a negative adverb; k. hati, lacking in spirit, spiritless; kekurangan, lack; kurangkan, to reduce. kurap, I. ringworm. II. a shell (capsa deflorata). kurau, a fish (unid.). kurban, Ar. a sacrificial offering. Kuripan, an old kingdom in Java, the home of Sira Panji. kurita, Sk. ikan k., octopus. kurma, Ar. the date-fruit; also khurma. kurnia, Skr. favour, kindness, gift (from a superior to an inferior); jikalau ada k. tuan-ku, if your highness pleases; kurniai or mengurniai, to confer a favour or gift; to bestow. kurong, enclosing; shutting off; an enclosure; the compartments of a large Malay fish-trap (belat or kelong); a room; a cabin; be'rkurong, to be enclosed or shut up; terkurong, shut up. kursi, Ar. a chair; k. panjang, a long chair; also k~rusi. kurus, thin, lean, attenuated; kurus k~ring, withered and bony. kus, a sound to frighten away cats. kusa, = kosa. kusal, rolling up by friction between the palms of the hands. kusam, lustreless; dull. kusar, = gusar. kushkul, = k-skul. [ 137 ]

kusi, rumput kusi, a grass (poa cynosuroides)? kusta, sakit kusta, leprosy. kusu, a small group; berkusukusu, in knots, in clusters. II. kusu-kusu, the vetiver or cuscus grass (andropogon muricatus). kusut, matted, confused; hati k., perplexed; rambut k., tangled hair. kut, (Penang) perhaps, possibly. kutaha, (Ht. Pasai) an obsolete interrogative particle. kutai, = kotai. kutang, Jav. a thin bodice, = choli. kutat, Mal. pimply. kutdri, Hind. a cabin in an Arab vessel. kuti, I. kuti-kuti, nagging, petty annoyance. II. kutikan, to "send to Coventry." kutil, I. a wart. II. to pick or break off a small piece of anything. LABU kutip, mengutip, picking up something that is below you; gathering, collecting. kutok, a curse; accursed; s i - kutok; a wretch, a scoundrel; kutoki or mengutoki, to curse. kutu, I. a louse; k. anjing, a flea; k. bidok, the beetles infesting dirty lockers in boats; k. busok, a bug; k. lSmbu, a tick; tindas k., to kill lice (on the thumbnail). II. Tam. an association; sa-kutu, a federation; persakutuan, id.; bgrsa-kutu, federated; Nggeri Melayu yang bersa-kutu, the Federated Malay States. kutum, - kuntum. kuyu, I. melancholy, rueful looking, out of sorts or ill. II. Pk. a side - bet, esp. at billiards; b~rkuyu, making a side - bet; makan k. accepting a side-bet. kuyup, I. basah kuyup, sopping wet. II. = kuyu, I. kuyut, -= kuyu. kiaf, = kiai. L la, Ar. not, no. laal, Ar. a ruby; ruby-red wine. Iaanat, Ar. curse; 1. Allah, the curse of God; laanatan, accursed. laba, I. Hind. from Skr. profits, rich returns; beroleh 1., to profit greatly. II. laba-laba, a spider; 1.-1. berok, the large venomous bird-spiders; l.-I. lotong, a large black well-spider. labah, = laba, II. laberang, stays at right angles to the mast of a native ship. Jabi, labi-labi, a name given to small soft-shelled turtles (trionyx cartilagineus and pelochelys cantoris); siput labi - labi, a large shell-fish with a peculiar yellow-spotted body. laboh, lowering by means of a rope, string or cable; letting down blinds or curtains; labohan, an anchorage; labohkan, to lower; berlaboh, to moor, to anchor. labu, Skt. a generic name for gourds, pumpkins; a calabash; a pipkin; 1. ayer, a pumpkin (cucurbita pepo); 1. batu, an earthenware pipkin; 1. jantong, the bottle-gourd (legenaria vulgaris); l.-labu, an earthenware water calabash modelled on the gourd; l. manis = 1. ayer; 1. merah, a gourd ( cucurbita [ 138 ]

LABUR maxima); siput l., a shell (murex haustellum); tampok l., the small stalk left on a gourd when it is plucked. labur, I. smearing, daubing; melabur puteh, to whitewash. II. pelabur, rations supplied to troops or labourers; tauke labur, the Chinese capitalist financing a tin-mine. labut, fitting, proper, likely. lachak, I. belachak, or melachak, (yak) to be abundant, of fruit. II. drag, of an anchor. lachi, (Dutch) a drawer; a chest of drawers. lada, pepper; pipis 1., to grind pepper for cooking; 1. berekur, cubebs (piper cubeba); I. China, a pepper (piper chaba); I. tali, (Ter.), 1. hantu, a wild pepper (piper canium); I. hitam, black pepper (piper ni.runi) 1. merah, red pepper, capsicum (capsicum annuum). ladam, Tam. a horse-shoe. ladan, minyak ladan, a strong oily preparation used in caulking native boats; setanggi 1., joss-sticks. ladang, planting on high dry ground in contradistinction to planting on low swampy ground (sawah); 1I. padi, " hill-padi "; 1. gambir, a hill - clearing for planting gambier; 1. lada, a pepper-clearing; 1. getah, a rubber estate; tikar 1., a coarse type of mat; berladang, to plant on dry soil. ladeh, = dadeh. lading, parang lading, a long cutlass the blade of which tapers towards the handle; perahu I., a heavy cargo - boat. II. ikan lading-lading, a fish Pellona, sp. ladong, batu I., a plummet; I. kail, a lead on a fishing-line. LAIN ladu, Hind. rice flour-cakes sugarded. laga, the fighting of large animals -such as buffaloes, bulls, rams and chevrotins; the fighting of quails (but not cocks or grass-hoppers). lagam, Hind. the bit (of a horse). lagang, melagang - kan, the first steps in weaving a mat; starting to weave; starting any task. lagi, I. more; yet more; still, also, moreover; dan lagi, furthermore, besides; sa - lagi, so. long as; as long as; while. II. (slang) from = dari. lagu, tune; menllrut I., in time with the music. lah, a particle emphasising the word to which it is appended, e.g., orang itu-lah yang pergi, it was that man who went. lahad, Ar. liang lahad, an excavation dug into the left side of the grave and used for theactual reception of the dead body. lahap, pelahap, gluttonous, voracious. lahar, I. a pool, a mere, a patch of water in the jungle; also& wilahar. II. ravenous. lahir, Ar. clear, plain visible,. born into the world; lahirkan, to reveal; to give birth to. lai, a numeral coefficient for tenuous objects-such as sheets. of paper, garments, leaves, blades of grass, etc.; also helai. laichi, Ch. a well-known Chinese fruit (nephelium litchi). lain, different; other than; exclusive (of); some..others..; lain di - minum, lain di - sapu pirut, some were potions, some were lotions; lain orang lain hati, different men have different hearts; menchari I., to seek a [ 139 ]

new love; lain-lainkan, to sort; berlainan, differing from; apart from; melainkan, but, nevertheless, except. lais, I. ikan lais, a fish (unid.). II. mnelais, to back water with oars. lajak, quick; quickly. lalu, rapid, swift, fast. lajur, a band, a broad line, a furrow-cf. jalur. lak, Hind. from Skr. sealing-wax. laka, kayu laka, a tree (phyllanthus, sup.?) laki, husband laki - laki, male, masculine; manliness; berlaki, to have a husband; to be married (of a woman); bgrlakikan, to take as one's husband, to marry (of a woman). lakin, Ar. well, so, yet, but; walakin, and yet; and still. laksa, I. Skr. ten thousand; salaksa, a myriad; berlaksa, in myriads; in countless numbers. II. Pers. a native vermicelli. Laksamana, Skr. a high native official corresponding to a minister of marine or admiral; Dewa L., the hero Laksamana, the half-brother of Rama; baris L., the double triangle; the magic figure drawn by the hero Laksamana to protect, Sita, Rama's wife, from Rawana. laksana, I. like; similar to; resemblance; = saperti or bagai, but literary in use; laksanakan, to imitate, to equal, to compare with, to rival. II. bijak laksana, wise, prudent; -- bijaksana. Iaku, manner, behaviour; to act or behave; to take effect; to pass current; rosak bangsa karna laku, good birth is wasted by bad manners, prov.; sapgrti laku orang gila, like the conduct of a madman; ringgit ini tiada LALAU laku, this dollar will not pass current; tingkah 1., general department; character; laku - kan, to carry into effect; to cause to pass current; melakukan, id.; berlaku, to take effect, to prevail, to pass current; kelakuan, bearing, behaviour. lakum, a generic name for a number of wild vines, e.g., vitis diffusa, v. mollisima and v. novemfolia. lakun, Jav. a staged play (especially a classical play in ancient Java); lakunkan, to represent (such a play) Gn the stage. lala, I. siput 1., a salt -water bivalve resembling a mussel. II. melala, to swim on one's back. lalah, gluttonous eating. lalai, I. careless, sleepy, listless; lalaikan, to forget, to lose interest in; pelalai, a spell to render people careless or forgetful. II. halliards. lalak, the touch-hole of a cannon; mealak, to flash in the pan; to miss fire. Walang, I. the well - known " lalang" long-grass (imperata cylindrica) gajah I., a tame elephant. II. lalu-lalang, going and coming; passing to and fro. lalat, the common fly (musca); 1. hijau, the "blue-bottle" fly; 1. k~rbau, the oestrus; 1. kuda, the horse - fly (tabamus); b~rani 1., the courage of a fly (which flies away for a moment but returns) - courage that is discreet but persistent; hariman I., the common small jumping spider; tahi 1., a freckle, a small mole; tepok 1., the peculiar flap used by Malays to catch grass-hoppers. lalau, mglalau, to warn off (trespassers); to prohibit (passage); hikmat pelalau, a charm t 140 1

LALI to hinder a girl from marrying. lali, buku lali, the projecting portion of the ankle-bone. lalu, past, after, afterwards; elapsing, traversing; moving past; Pah. at all = apa- apa; pada masa yang telah lalu, in the past; tahun 1., past year; lalu - lah kami, we passed by; orang masok lalu dudok, they entered and then sat down; 1. lalang, passing to and fro; salalu, always continually; lalai, to traverse, to override, to disobey; mn I alu i, id.; terlalu, surpassingly, very. lam, I. a marine worm from which an oil minyak 1., is obtained. II. Ach. a kampong. lama, long, of time; ancient; former; orang 1., the ancients; berapa 1.? how long? rumuhnya yang 1., his former house; lama-lama, in the end; finally; sa-lama, while; as long as; salama-lama, for ever. laman, = halaman. lamang, a heavy sword. lamat, = alamat. lambai, melambai, to wave, to beckon-(e.g., to a friend on a departing ship). lambak, a heap; melambak, berlambak - lambak, to lie in heaps. lambat, slow; 1. belajar, slow to learn; 1. sampai, slow to arrive. lambing, coming to a point; pricked up (of the ears). lambir, Mal. a dewlap. lambok, I. bubur lambok, a soup of prawns, fish, ginger, etc. II. = lambur. lambong, I. side, flank; roda 1., a paddle-wheel. II. swelling up (as a wave); bouncing up (as a ball); melambong, to surge; to rebound; fig., to boast. LANCHAR lambur, a large jelly-fish. lamin, kelamin, a pair (male and female); a married coupleo; pelamin, the bridal bed. lamina, scale-armour. lampai, slender, lissom, svelte; melampai, to hang down-cf. ampai. lampam, a fresh-water fish (barbus jerdoni). lampan, I. Pah. foursided wooden tray with holes in the sides for the fingers. II. melampan, to use a wooden tray in washing for tin. lampar, spread flat over; tidur berlampar, to sleep sprawlingcf. hampar. lampas, melampas, polishing, smoothing. lampau, excess; surpassing, exceeding; terlampau, to much; melampau, to go too far; m&lampaui, to overdo. lampin, a swaddling-cloth for a newly born child. lampit, Jav. a sleeping-mat. lampong, light in weight, of wood; pelampong or telampong, a float for a line or net-cf. ampong, apong, etc. lanpu, Port. a lamp. lamun, provided that; if only. lanang, I. Jav. man, male, manly; = laki - laki. II. twining by twisting. lanar, mud, slime. lanchang, I. Port. a swift Malay war-vessel. II. a model ship laden with offerings, set adrift to propitiate demons. III. mnlanchang, to push a head, to outstrip. lanchap, smooth and sllippery; melanchap, to masturbate. lanchar, quick; fluent; I. mombacha, fluent in reading; perahu [ 141 1]

LANCHING lancharan, a swift cruiser; mglanchar, to dart along (as a snake, boat). lanching, Jav. trousers (of the type worn by Javanese). lanchok, a pool; a puddle. lanchong, false, counterfeit, debased (of currency). lanchur, gushing out violently; emptying tin-bearing earth into a mining-washer; melanchur, to spurt out-cf. panchur. landa, I. melanda mas, to wash for alluvial gold. II. melanda, to force one's way into a house or room; to intrude forcibly. landai, (Sum., Pk.) sloping, of land. Cf. landar. landak, a porcupine; 1. raya, the large porcupine (hystrix longicauda); 1. batu, 1. kelubi or 1. ubi, the brush-tailed porcupine (atherura macrura). landar, a slightly sloping beech. landas, I. landasan, petanctas, an anvil. II. landasan kHreta api, a railway-line. landin, = lendayan. landoh, milandoh, increasing in breadth (as a cone). landong, long (of a rope) - cf. lanjar. lang, a generic name for hawks, kites and eagles; 1. blalang (microhierax spp.); 1. borek (pernis tweeddalii); 1. hindek (nisaetus linnaetus); 1. merah, the Brahminy kite ( haliastur spp.); 1. rajawali, a generic name for small hawks e.g., tinnunculus alaudarius; 1. rimba (spizaetus sp.); 1. siput, the large sea-eagle (haliaetus leucogaster); also (in Patani) the osprey; 1. tembikar, the young haliastur. langah, terlangah, ajar. Iangau, a large stinging fly. LANGSAT langgai, a triangular push - net worked by one man; belat I., a fixed (estuarine) purse-net (also ambai). langgam, bUrlanggam, S'pore. to club together. langgang, tunggang langgang, topsy-turvy; upside down. langgar, I. knocking up against; 1. bahasa, a breach of etiquette; langgari, to attack. II. Jav. a small private mosque; = surau or bandarsah. langir, material used as soap for cleaning the person. langit, the sky; the heavens; tujoh petala I., the seven folds of heaven; kaki 1., the horizon; langit-langit, a canopy; a ceiling; kerongkongan 1. - 1., the roof of the mouth. iangkah, a pace, a stride; salah 1., a false step; langkahi, langkahkan, to step over; melangkah, to travel, to set out. langkan, Ch. a balustraded terrace in a Chinese house. langkas, fiery (of a steed). langkat, three days hence; the morrow of the day after to - morrow. langkau, skipping; omitting a little and resuming further on; 1. sa-hari, every other day; Pah. planted too late, of rice. langkup, telangkup, capsized (of a boat); upside down (of a cup); face downwards. langlang, Jav. travelling round; 1. buana, wandering over the earth. langok, mglangok = changok. langsai, winding up; habis 1., quite finished. langsar, long in proportion to width (as a flag-staff); tall and straight. langsat, the well-known fruit (lansium domesticum). [ 142 ]

LANGSI langsi, I. shrill (of the voice); melangsi, to give out a shrill note. II. drapery, hangings. langsing, -= langsi, I. -langsir, N.S., Mal. hanging curtains for door or window. langsong, moving on to; pro - ceeding to; forthwith, next; berjalan-lah langsong ka-pekan, they went straight to the market; terlangsong, (1) gone forth; issued; (2) too much; jangan terlangsong, do not go too far. langun, = lelangan. langut, melangut, to look longingly at anything. lanjam, Mal. a plough-share. lanjang, see terlanjang. lanjar, long (of a rope) —cf. landong. lanjong, tWbu lanjong, a long thin variety of the sugar-cane. lanjur, telanjur, protracted; draging on-cf. lanjut, anjur, etc. lanjut, long, lengthy, prolonged; lanjutkan, nzelanjutkan or memperlanjutkan, to lengthen. lansing, wooden-brake for bullock-cart. Also lasing. lantai, a floor. lantak, ramming down, hammering down; I tll oh 1., crushed under heavy blows or weights; 1. lari, " skedaddle"; pSlantak, a ramrod,,a paramour. lantang, clear, open, empty.. lantar, pelantar, a flooring without a roof; a piece of scaffolding; an open-air theatre-stage; pelantaran, id.; telantar, lying stretched on the floor. lantas, forthwith; thereupon; sa-telah datang lalu naik lantas ka- p&raduan, on arriving he went promptly to bed. lantek, I. melantek, to instal; to crown. II. belantek or p lantek, a spring-gun or spring-bow. LARAH lanting, I. selanting, and seringlanting, long - billed partridge (Rhizothera longirostris). II. lanting, Pk. a small raft. III. Pah. a frame-work for carrying loads on the back. lantong, strong(of smell); putrid. Lanun, Ilanun (the name of a piratical tribe from Mindanao); piratical. lanyak, treading down (especially of soil being trodden by buffaloes as a way of preparing it for cultivation). lanyau, mud with a hard crust or mud mixed with decayed vegetable matter. lap, a dishcloth; kertas 1., blotting-paper. lapah, stripping, skinning (especially used of skinning animals for the market or kitchen). lapang, empty, vacant, open; I. hati, loss of heart, despairing. lapar, hungry; I. dahaga, hunger and thirst; 1. susu, hungering for milk (of a baby). lapek, I. pedestal; base; the surface on which a thing rests; a rug, mat or doyly; 1. kaki, sandals; 1. punggong, a mat for sitting on. II. lopak-lapek, con-fused; in disorder; inconsistent. lapis, fold, wrapping, stratum; berlapis, double; in folds; in coats. lapok, mould; bUrlapok, mouldy. lapun, converging rows of stakes used for trapping wild animals by leading them up to a snare. lara, disquietude; anxiety; care; the solicitude of love; orang yang 1., the pining; penglipur l., a soother of cares; a story-teller. larah, bHrlarah-larahan, one after another; in succession. [ 143 ]

LARAK larak, close together (as the seeds of a durian which has very little pulp). larang, prohibited; larangan, a thing prohibited; hutan larangan, a forest reserve; larangkan, to forbid, to prohibit. larap, I. readily saleable;=laris. II. multiplicity, i.e., mnlarapkan tali, to separate the strands of a rope. laras, smooth and cylindrical; the stem of a tree; the barrel of a gun; senapang dua 1., a double - barrelled gun; yu 1., a fish (mustelus manazo). larat, I. dragging on slowly; lengthy; tahun - tahun larat ia mengatur dia, he spent long years in arranging them. II. tiada larat, unable to, lacking power to; ta' larat, id. larau, annoyance; melarau, to worry, as a child; membalas 1., to pay out a man for disturbing you. larek, turning (with a lathe ) polishing and rounding; gading di-larek, polished ivory. lari, running (not of liquids running); fleeing; 1. mengaji, to play truant; larikan, to run from; to escape; melarikan, id.; bgrlari, to run; Pah. lelari, the platform between a Malay house and its kitchen or its balai. laris, in demand; selling well (of goods); pilaris, a charm to secure good business. larong, a coffin. larut, to drag (of an anchor). las, batu las, a hard mineral substance used as emery stone. lasa, numbed; anggota yang lasa menjadi lagi rasa, the numbed limbs regained the power of sensation. lasah, striking, switching. LAUT lasak, industrious, "on the go"; pakaian pglasak, every- day wear; working clothes. Lasam, a place in Java celebrated for its painted cottons batek Lasam. lashkar, Per. soldiery. lasu, stale, musty of food but not spoilt. lat, alternate; = selang; lat sapintu, every alternate door; the next door but one; lat sa-hari, every other day. lata, crawling; melata, to creep. latah, a nervous paroxysmal disease aroused by suggestion and often taking the form of hysterical mimicry. latam, pressing or stamping down; rolling earth to harden its surface; to prepare rice-fields by making buffaloes trample them. latch, coherence, order; melateh mul a u t, to speak coherently; latehkan, to train; latehan, training. latok, I. parang latok, a chopper the tip of which turns ddwnwards. II. mnlatok, to quiver, to chatter of teeth. Cf. gelatok. lau, I. Ar. if; wa - lau, and if; although; jika-lau, if. II. Ked. a fowl-house. lauk, materials cooked for consumption with rice; 1. pauk, all kinds of food (other than rice). laun, protracted, dragging on; jangan berlaun, do not spin it out. laung, a loud cry; berlaung or m~laung, to cr out loudly; laungkan, to call loudly to (a person). laut, sea; 1. madu, a sea of honey; 1. api, hell; barat I., the northwest; utara barat 1., N.N.W.; timor 1., N.E.; ikan kuda-kuda [ 144 ]

LAWA 1., a fish (hippocampus trimacillatus); lautan, the seas; the ocean; melaut, to travel seawards; melauti, to navigate. lawa, a cross-bar in a fish-trap; mnelawa, to stop the way, e.g., of a bridal party pending the payment of a fee; upah pembuka lawa, the fee so paid. lawah, = lawas, I. lawak, Hind. lawak-lawak, poking fun, jesting; pelawak, a tease. lawan, opposition, rivalry, competition, contest; a rival, a foe; I a w a n i, to contend against; bgrlawan, to be engaged in a contest; to be in rivalry or comparable. lawang, I. bunga 1., mace; kulit 1., an aromatic bark (cinnamomum culit lawan). II. a great gate; a main entrance; lawangan, id. lawar, a preparation of minced fish. lawas, I. empty, clear, vacant (of ground); unobstructed (of a view). II. old, left over, survivals. III. N.S. temporarily barren, of a coconut palm. lawat, melawat, to visit. lawi, bulu lawi, the long feathers in a cock's tail; 1. ay a n, a curved dagger with a hole in the handle. layah, I. melayah, to bend over backwards. II. a loose outer garment worn by women on the Mecca pilgrimage. layak, I. Ar. right, suitable, proper, appropriate; bukat layak kita memakai dia, it is not fitting that we should wear it. II. cutting open a fish (longitudinally) to preserve it. layam, blrlayam, to dance a sword-dance. layan, layani or mnlayani, to LEBAR wait on; to attend on; pelayan, a waiter. layang, soaring in the air; melayang, to fly; melayangkan, to fly away with; l.-I., (1) a generic name for swallows and swifts; (2) a generic name for children's kites. layap, melayap, to skim the surface. layar, sailing; a sail; 1. agong, the main-sail; 1. apit, a lug-sail; 1. dastur, a studding- sail; 1. pengorong, a mizzen; 1. tupang, a foresail; ikan 1., a fish (histiophorus gladius); pasang I., to set the sails; p~bahu I., the yard; pekaki 1., the boom; belayar, to sail; to travel by water; to set sail; pelayaran, a sea-voyage. layu, faded, withered (of a tree or flower). layun, Jav. the dead body of a prince; layunan, id. layur, I. parch, scorch with up fire. II. ikan layur-layur, a fish (trichiurus savala). lazat, Ar. delightful to the taste; delicious, pleasure-giving. lazim, Ar. usual, ordinary. lazuardi, Pers. lapis-lazuli. Ie'bah, the honey-bee; kawan I., a swarm of bees; sarang I., a bees' nest. Iebai, a mosque official who attends to the order of the service; any pious elder. lebak (onom.), a thud. Iebam, I. livid (of a bruise). II. (onom.) a banging noise. leban, a plant (vitex pubescens); also halban. lebang, weak after illness (especially after childbirth). lebap (onom.). a dull thud. lebar, wide, broad; lebar-nya sadepa, it was six feet broad. [ 145 ]

LtBAT lebat, dense (of foliage); close, thick; hujan 1., heavy yain; bulu kening-nya letat, his eyebrows were bushy. l1beh, more, superior, greater; gang L., the most; the more; 1. kurang, more or less; lbehkan, or meWlbehkan, to augment; berlebeh-hlbehan, going on increasing; boasting; exaggerating; terlebeh, much more, most, excessively. l1boh, a broad street. Ibu, dust; 1. dull, "dust below the royal feet"'-a humble way of indirectly addressing a prince. lebum (onom.), a thumping noise. lebun, fraud by adulteration or by specious appearances. lebur, smelting; the molten state; solution, liquefaction, destruction; hati 1., a crushed spirit; keleburan, a deep hole. lecha, Pah. a mattress. Cf. gel&cha. l!chah, muddy (of the ground); wet (of walking).!lchak(onom.), a splashing noise. l~chap, saturated; wet through as a handkerchief). Iechat, smooth and slippery. lecheh, I. mnlecheh, to coax, to wheedle. II. dawdling, lazy. lechek, to beat up with a spoon; hitting with the flat side of the foot. lecher, mnlecher, to be moist (as a sore or abrasion); to suppurate. lechet, blistered, abraded - cf. lecher. lichit, I. melechit, to shoot out (as water from a leak) -cf. lechut and lenchit. II. Mal. to blow one's nose. III. (onom.) twittering, of birds; = dechit. lichoh, steeping vegetables or rice in water. LtKAP lechok, smooth oily or polished. lechup, = lechur. lIchur, mn-lechur, scalding, blistering. lechut, mnllchut, to ooze out (as the contents of some fruits when squeezed). ledang, light in colour; pale; shimmering. leding, meleding, to warp; to become convex-cf. ledong. ledong, meledong, to give (under a weight)-cf. Iding. lega, broad, wide; easy; comfortable; 1. dada, full chested; ta' lega, disquieted uncomfortable. legam, hitam legam, coal-black; pitch-black. legar, melegar, to make the circuit of the rice-mill. legas, to "snick" off a projection. legat, keeping steadily on the same course (of a ship). legeh, Pah. a dividing line, watershed. legong (onom.), the booming of a gong. legu, melggu, to weave the selvage or border of a mat. Iegum (onom.), thumping. leher, the neck; batang 1., the column of the neck; kerat 1., to cut the throat; penggal 1., to behead. leka, dwelling on; dawdling over; 1. bcrmain, lingering over play; I. menangis, continuous weeping. l1kah, = rikah. lekak, nmlekak, to whirl or buzz round and round a spot. I6kang, shelling off, as plaster from a wall; rambutan 1., a variety of rambutan fruit whose flesh is separable from the pip. Iekap, cleaving to; flattened oncf. lekat. [ 146 ]

'LtKAR lekar, a rattan frill for lifting pots off the fire without burning the fingers. lekas, quickly, fast; nanti lekas rosak mata, your eyesight will soon be spoilt. lekat, pasted on; lekatkan, to stick (a thing) on; melekat, to adhere to; terlekat, stuck on. lekeh, low, mean, despicable. lekir, panan lekir, a disease discolouring the skin; ular sawa 1., a snake with curious white markings suggesting the disease (coluber melanurus). lekoh (onom.), the sound of a cough. lekok, a hollow; a puddle. leku, berteleku, to lean on one's elbows. lekum, =- halkum. lekur, a numeral which when occuring after the numbers one to nine signifies that twenty is added, i.e., sa-lekur, twenty-one; dua lekur, twenty-two, etc. lela, I. a swivel-gun. II. Ar. beloved, darling. III. Maharaja Lela, the title of a chamberlain at a Malay court; bermaharajalela, to act as though the whole place belonged to you, e.g., of persons, of raging fire-as illustrated by a court chamberlain who (at state ceremonies) orders about much greater personages than himself. IV. to brandish; mnlela, to wave. V. besi melela, steel; keris melela, an undamascened keris. lelah, weary, exhausted; penat 1., extremely weary; sakit 1., asthmatic. lelak, to slip down, fall of fruit. l6laki, = laki-laki. llakun, = lakun. lalangun, Jav. a pleasure-garden; = taman. LEMBAP lelap, deep (of sleep). Ielar, to repeat an action. Ielas, = relas. leleh, meleleh, to trickle gently. leler, careless, slovenly (of work). Ielewa, Jav. behaviour, conduct; tingkah 1., id.; = tingkah laku. lelong, I. Port. sale by auction. II. a measure of length and area; a quarter of an orlong in area. lemah, weak, soft; lacking firmness or rigidity; I. I m b ut, gentle; lemahkan, to enfeeble, to enervate. lemak, fat, grease, isi 1emak dapat ka-orang, tulang bulu pulang kakita, others get the flesh and fat, we get the bones and bristles. leman, Jav. an elephant. lemang, I. melemang, to cook in a bamboo lined with plantain leaves. II. melemang, to bend over backwards and pick up a coin with the lips (as is done occasionally by Malay dancers). Iemari, = almari. lemas, I. suffocated; drowningstifling; I. p i k i r, confused thought. II. = lemah. Iemau, weak, sleepy, apathetic. lemba, a plant (pothomorpha subpeltata). lembab, I. damp. II. Ked. slow at work. lembaga, I. mould, matrix; embryo; beginnings; primeval ( customs ); 1. bisul, the early stages of a boil; adat 1., customary laws handed down from prehistoric times. II. N.S. a tribal chief. lembah, low-lying land, meadow; lnimbahkan, to irrigate (of rivers). lembak, inelembak, to boil over. lembang, soft-spoken; plausible. lembap, moist, clammy, wet. [ 147 ]

LiMBAR lembar, a thread, a strand, a piece of string; a numeral coefficient, = helai. Imbayong, a climber (unid.) with purple flowers.!6mbega, a plant (calotropis procera).!Imbek, pulpy; soft and moist. lembek, an Arabian rug. Iembidang, a flat rim, brim or edge. Iembing, a spear; 1. bt iangbuangan, a dart, a light javelin; 1. tikam pari, a spear with three barbs. lembong, melgmbong, to be blown or puffed out; to expand into globular shape. lmboyan, = bunian. Iembu, an ox; 1. jantan, a bull; 1. kasi, a bullock; 1. tanah, a large beetle; 1. hutan, the smaller wild ox ( bos sondaicus); ikan l., a fish (triacanthus brevirostris, also, perhaps, ostracion cornutius). lembut, soft, delicate, weak, flexible; 1. h a t i, softened, of angry feelings; limah 1., extremely soft or delicate; gentle; lembuti, lembutkan or melembutkan, to soften. lempah, to flow out; 1. kurnia, over-flowing kindness; m~lempah, to flow over; melempahkan, to spill, to shed. lempai, nmlempai, to curl up at the edge (as a leaf). lempang, lying athwart or across anything; melempang, to lie outstretched; -apit 1., garboard strake. lempar, throwing, casting; lempari, or melempar, to pelt; lemparkan, or melemparkan, to throw (anything)..1mpedal, ht=, dal. lImpedu, heiiipedlzii. LtNGA lempek, berlempek - lempek, in coats or layers. lemping, a name given to light flat cakes. lempok, I. cooked sugared durian. II. a poultice; a plaster. lempom-lImpam, the sound of fruit falling. lempang-Iempong, splashing. lempong, light (as wood, pumice, etc.); spongy; of little value; katak 1., a frog (oxyglossus spp.). lempoyan, a fishing-reel. lempoyang, a ginger (zingiber cassumunaar). emuas, berlnmuas, smeared with dirt. lemukut, broken grains of husked rice; also mnlukut. lena, sound (of sleep); tidor 1., to sleep soundly; lenakan, to put to sleep. lenang,= linang. lenchah, = linchah. lInchit, springing forward (as a slippery body squeezed between the fingers-cf. lechit). lenchun, dripping; soaked; 1. basah, soaking wet. I6ndat, Pen. n e I ndat, beat down, e.g., grass. lendayan, a full-sized handle; a sword - handle in contradistinction to a keris-handle. Iendeh, mnlendeh, nestling up. Iendir, viscous secretions of all sorts; greasy matter; matter from a boil; the runnings in certain diseases. lendong, melrndong, to be dented or knocked in (of convex surfaces). lendut, "giving," as a plank under a heavy weight. leng, a measure of capacity; half a chupak. NInga, minyak l6nga, sesamum oil. [ 148 ]

LENGA lenga, dawdling; wasting time; 1. mata, to droop with sleepiness (of the eyes). lengai, listless; careless. lengan, arm; 1. baju, the sleeve of a garment; pangkal I., the upper arm. lengang, sparse (of population or of the attendance at a festival). lengar, dizzy (from a blow); terlengar, "knocked silly"; sikepala lengar, a man of giddy conduct. Iengas, clammy, moist; melengas, to become clammy or moist. lengas, melengas or belengas, to turn the head. lengat, Pen. cook in a steamer= kukus. lenggak, leaning the head back and looking skyward. lenggang, rocking, swaying; swinging the arms; leng.qok-l., id.; 1. yang lemah - lembut, a slow undulating motion; 1. j and a, a small curved knife broadening towards the point and fretted at the broad end: m and i 1. perut, ceremonial bathing in the seventh month of pregnancy. lenggar, wide apart (of packages in a receptacle). lenggara, men- lnggarakan, to cherish, protect. Also keleng - gara, nmenyelenggarakan. lenggoh, melenggoh, to sit resting one's arms on a table, = bertNleku. lenggok, swaying, eg., as a dancer - cf. lenggang; mnlenggok, bridling. lenggundi, a small tree with violet flowers and aromatic leaves (vitex trifolia). WIngkai, panjang lengkai, tall and willowy (of the figure). LtNJA lengkang, ring-shaped; a numeral coefficient for bracelets, anklets, etc. lengkap, I. complete; fully equipped; sufficiently supplied; chukup 1. or 1. genap, id.; dengan sa - lenykap - nya, in full; lengkapi, mele'ngkapi, lengkapkan or melengkapkan, to fit out; kelengkapan, equipment. II. a plant (arenga obtusifolia). lengkar, = lingkar. Iengkara, Skr. miraculous, fabulous. lengkayan, a "crow's-nest" in a Malay stockade. lengkiang, = rengkiang. lengkok, melengkok, to bend, wind or curve(as river or road). lengkong, bow-shaped, curved; circular; encircling; melengkong, in a circle; belat I., a long movable line of screens laid to shut in a large portion of water between it and the shore; as the tide recedes, the fish in that area are left high and dry. Iengkoyan, = lempoyan. lengkuas, an aromatic fruit used in making curries (al p in ia galanga). lengkur, melengkur, to be slightly bowed or bent. Ilngoh, melengoh, to feel weak and tired in the joints. Iengong, melengong, pensive; thoughtful = temenong. lengsan, listless, idle, dawdling. lengser, sliding sideways; sideslipping. lengset, I. belengset, turned inside out; having the inside exposed. II. Mal. to sleep. leIning (onom.), tinkling, of a little bell. lenja, I. running of the saliva; foam at the mouth; sawan I., fits accompanied by foaming at [ 149 ]

I I LENJA the mouth; melenja, to run (of the saliva). II. a coarse sack of t netting [in which things are hung from the roof of protect them from mice]. lenla, melenja, to sulk. i i lan, stamping down (of buffaloes a rice-field). leniar, bii kle6njar, the glands; J sakit kelenjaran, glandular swellings.: lnjuang, the dracoena; 1. bukil (dracoena congesta): 1. merah cordyline terminalis). lInong (onom.), the booming of a gong or big bell.! letam (onomn.), the sound of stamping. lntang (onom.), a clanging sound. lentang, = lintang. lenteh, perlenteh, lustful, lascivious. lentek, curling back, concave, of hair, of teeth filed so as to give a concave surface; of eyebrows, Chinese roofs, etc.!linting, I. (onom.) a tinkling sound. II. mdlenting, to warp (of wood exposed to heat). lintok, supple, flexible; - lgntur. lentok, to move the head to one side. A lNntong (onom.), a deep booming sound. lntul, nel.ntul, to feel empty (of the stomach). Intum (onom.), a thumping sound. lntur, flexible yielding (as a bough); lMnturi, to give a twist or bend to anything; mnlgntur, to bend (intransitive). lnyak, deep (of sleep). I nyap, disappearing; melenlyapkan, to cause to vanish. I nyau, = lanyau. LiRAH lepa, Skr. careless, negligence; also alpa. lepa, I. terlepa, sprawling from fatigue. II. Hind. from Skr.-m&lepa, to plaster.!lpak, puteh melepak, milk-white. lepak, beetling, overhanging. lepang, a creeper (unid.); ombak bunga I., white-crested billows. lepas, escaped, quitting; past, ago, since; 1. srmnbahyang, after prayers; tiada di-lepas pulang, they did not let him go home; kain I., a loose garment worn as a plaid; lepasi, to free from, to release; lepaskan, id.; melepaskan. id.; rnWlpas, to boast; terlepas, having escaped, free. l!pat, kueh lepat, a generic name for sweetmeats cooked in leaves. lepau, Ked. a kitchen balcony in a Malay house. lepeh, turning over or folding a corner or small portion of anything, e.g., of the page of a book. lepek (onom.), a dull squelching sound. leper, I. turned up vertically (of the edge of anything); leperleper, the raised edge of a combing, the gunwale. II. provincial accent, brogue. lepoh, melepoh, to be blistered. lepoh, crooked (of a limb); twisted, bent. I6pok (onom.), lepok - lpok, a clapper.!lpong (onom.), a thumping noise. lepu, a generic name given to a number of fish, e.g., antennarius mummifer, synnancidrum horridum and (1. panjang) pelor didactylum. Ilpur, mati blpur, dead by suffocation in mud. lIrah, terlerah, knocked out and injured (as fruit blown down by LURAI a storm o0 out of its lerai, separ lrak, I. (sapindus open, burs lerang, stri sail; kain in one pie lerap, a c( pitch-and-1 lerek, mele lereng, co rounded bi a piece of bicycle. leret, drag lesa, Pah. rudder fo l6sak (on rustle.!Isap, disa leser, mel ground (a lesi, puch lesing (on lesir, a sw lisok (on rustle. 16song a n ing);. in with the f er worked 1isu, utterl exhausted lesut, I. II. lesu.!6ta, mean lItak, to letakkan, terletak, 1 letak, me (without lbtam (on ming. I.tang (o ing. I 11 i'II,I,, Z [ 150 ]

LURAI a storm or as a book knocked out of its binding). lerai, separate. Cf. chxrai. Ilrak, I. buah lerak, a fruit (sapindus rarak). II. to burst open, burst through. lerang, strip; slip; the strips in a sail; kain sa-l., a sarong woven in one piece and not in two. lerap, a coin used for playing pitch-and-toss. lerek, melerek, to bore through. lereng, contour, side of a hill; rounded brim; the castors under a piece of furniture; kereta 1., a bicycle. leret, draggling. lesa, Pah., a bamboo paddlerudder for rafts. Iesak (onom.), lesok - lesak, to rustle. l6sap, disappearing; = lenyap. leser, meleser, to drag along the ground (as a garment).!esi, puchat lhsi, extremely pale. lIsing (onom.) to whizz. lesir, a sword-dance. 16sok (onom.), lIsok- lesak, to rustle. Iesong a mortar (for rice-pounding);. indek, a pounder worked with the foot; 1. tangan, a pounder worked by hand. 1isu, utterly tired out; completely exhausted; leteh I., id. lesut, I. shrunken, shrivelled. II. Ihsu.!Ita, mean, low, base, despicable. 16tak, to set down; to place; l6takkan, id.; meletakkan, di.; terlgtak, laid down, set down. letak, meletak, to lie prostrate (without a pillow). lItam (onom.), sound of slamming. I.tang (onom.), sound of clanking. LIDAH letap (onom.)7 the sound of tapping or rapping. leteh, weary, fatigued; tired. letek (onom.), the sound of ticking. leter, meleter or beleter, to chatter. leting (onom.), sound of chinking. letis (onom.), the sound of " whisking " along. letong (onom.), sound of thumping. letum (onom.), a thumping or drumming sound. letup (onom.), meletup, to go off with a bang. letus, mnletus, burst, of a boil. lewa, dawdling. lewar, melewar, to fly in coveys; to swim in shoals; to swarm. lewat, I. past, after; 1. pikul enam, after six o'clock. II. hurry, speed. Hang, I. a small aperture; 1. chinchin, the hole in a ring; 1. luka, the orifice of a wound; I. mata, the eye - socket; I. r o m a, the pores of the skin; iang kumbang, scuppers. II. liang - liok, rolling of gait, swaying from side to side. liar, shy, unbroken, undomesticated; orang liar, wild aboriginal tribesmen. Iias, pengelias, pelias. or p'ngeliasan, a charm for invulnerability (so that the enemy's weapons fail to touch). liat, tough, leathery, lithe; tanah I., clay. liau, meliau, to fester, to run (of a sore). Iichau, glossy, shinu; oily-looking. lichin, smooth, slippery, bare. lidah, tongue; I. api, a tongue of fire; 1. badak, rhinoceros-tongue, [ 151 ]

LIDAL a name given to an aroid (pothus latifolius); 1. berchabang, a forked tongue; duplicity of speech; 1. biawak, a monitor's (forked) tongue; - 1. berchabang; 1. buaya, crocodile's tongue, a name given to the aloe (aloe ferox) [the crocodile itself is believed to have no tongue]; 1. gajah, the elephant's tongue, a name given a plant (aglaonema oblongifolium); 1. ji n, the "spirit's tongue," a plant (hedyotis congesta); akar lidah jin (hedyotis capitellata); 1. kerb a u, buffalo- tongue, a plant (clerodendrum deflexus); 1. kuching, the cat's tongue, a plant (turneria ulmifolia); i. lembu, the ox-tongue, a plant (aneilema nudiflorum) I. manis, sweettongued; smooth - spoken; 1. panjang, loquacious; 1. rusa, deer's - tongue, a small tree (fagroea racemosa); anak I., the uvula; anak 1. timbanyan, the tongue of a balance; tatuang di - anak I., to support on the uvula (to take the greatest care of a beloved person); ikan 1. or ikan 1.-., a generic name for flat fish, e.g., 1. 1. baji (synaptura orientalis); 1. 1. barang (cynoglossus elongatus); 1. 1. lurmpur (sunaptura commersomana). Iidal, Port. a thimble. lidas, smarting of the taste in the mouth after smoking or eating pine-apples. lidi, the veins of a palm - leaf, tooth-pick; ular 1., a small snake (dendrophis pictus). ligan, (coll. and common in familiar or childish talk) to drive out, to expel, e.g., a wife. ligas, a canter or gallop. llgat, whirling round, as a top. LIMBAI lihat, Ar. seeing; to see; lihati, to inspect, to look over; mltihati, id.; melihat, to see; kelihatan, visible; peliat, the sense or power of sight; penglihatan, vision, view; t~rlihat, striking the eye, came into sight. likas, a small wheel on which the skein is wound when weaving. likat, sticky, adhesive, syrupycf. 1; kat. liku, I. Jav. royal title. II. Ked. lonely of a place. lilang, = lilin. lilau, melilau, to totter (of a stricken man). Ilin, wax; a taper; 1. lebah, bee'swax; kain 1., waxed sarongs; burong 1., the small pied bornbill (anthracoceros albirostris). lilir, = leler. lilit, lilit - nya, circumference; melilit, to coil round. lima, I. five (originally, the hand of five fingers); buku 1., the knuckles; kelima, all five; yang kelima, the fifth; penglima, a leader in war. II. a generic name for a number of plants (xanthophyllim spp.). liman, = leman. limar, a rich cloth mentioned in romances. limas, pyramidal; atap I., a pyramidal roof; kuang 1. = buang anchak, q.v. limau, a generic name for oranges, limes, lemons, etc.; 1. kapas, the common lime (citrus acida); also 1. kesturi and 1. nipis; 1. m a n i s, the orange (citrus aurantium); berlimau, to use lime-juce in washing. limbah, a cess-pool, a drain; limbahan or pelimbah, id. limbai, melimbai, to wave about an object; to sway the arm; to [ 152 ]

LIMBANG brandish a whip or switch; mnlnbuang limbai, to wave the arm (of a dancer) to suggest a negative. limbang, I. swampy or broken land. II. after; 1. tengah hari, after midday. limbok, a dove (unid.). limbong, linmbongUn, a dry dock. limbur, sambur- limbur, appearing and disappearing; intermittent visibility. limpah, -= leinpah. limpat, fresh, jovial, genial. limun, = halimun. linang, gathering (as tears or as water on porous stone or sweat on body). linau, a red - stemmed palm (unid.). linchah, terlinchah - linchah, fidgety, restless. linchin, lichin. linchun, lenchun. lindap, Pk. abated of fever. lindong, protective cover, shelter; lindongi, lindongkan, melindongi, or menlindongkan, to shelter, to protect, to hide by covering; berlindong, to take shelter; kelindongan, shelter, hiding; perlindongan, a place of shelter. lindu, Jav. an earthquake. linear, mnlingar, to look at anything with a sidelong look-cf. jeling. lingas, = lengas. linggam, Tam, red; red-lead. linggi, the covered or decked portions at the prow and stern of a boat. linggis, linggisan dayong, the long pole fastened to the tholepins and running parallel to the gunwale of a Malay boat. lingkap, spent, destroyed, wasted. LIPAS lingkar, a coil (of a snake, rope, or anything similar); berlingkar, in coils, rolled up. Iingkong, = lengkong. lingkup, hanging down to one side, as a veil or table-cloth. lingsir, = lengser. lingsang, the jennet cat (prionodon gracilis). Iintah, a horse-leech; also halintah. lintang, lying athwart or across; 1. bujur, diagonal; 1. pukang, sprawling; balai 1., a receptionhall built at right angles to the main building; palas I., a sort of platform or bridge on a Malay ship; lintangi, to thwart, to cross; lintangkan or melintangkan, to lay athwart; melintang, to move across (a path); tfrbang melintang, to fly across the sky (in front of the spectator). lintap, lying one on another (of flat objects-such as books). lintar, a thunderbolt; batu 1., a celt - such as a spear-head or arrow-head; also halintar. lintas, dashing past, flashing by; melintas, to dart across; j i n lintasan, an evil spirit darting like a comet or meteor in front of a man; a will of the wisp. lintoh, dizziness, loss of consciousness; ilmu pSlintoh, magic art to deprive a person of consciousness so as to facilitate theft or abduction. lintup, = litup. linyar, smooth-sailing (of a boat); gliding through the water. liok, a twist or turn; the movements of a fencer or dancinggirl; lianq-liok, rolling in gait. liong, tali liong, a sort of belt for carrying a k~ris. lipan, a centipede; see halipan. lipas, a cockroach. [ 153 ]

LIPAT lipat, to fold up (e.g., a piece of cloth or garment); lipatan, the folds of anything. lipis, pelipis or pelipisan, the temples of the forehead. lipit, a narrow fold (of thread, etc.); k ala I1., the common slender-bodied house-scorpion. lipur, calming; penglipur lara, a "consoler of cares," a storyteller or story; melipurkan, to soothe, to allay. liput, flooding, swamping overcoming; covering; chahay a m~liput sa - rata dunia, her brightness permeates the world; di - liputi oleh pgmbujok, overborne by endearments. liring, — lereng. liru, see keliru. its, I. (Dutch) a cord, a twist (of cord-like patterns in carving). II. Eng. list. lisah, mengelisah, to fidget; = mnnggelisah. lisan, Ar. the tongue. Utah, Utah mulut, loose-tongued. litup, covering and concealing; completely overshadowing; habis litup dunia ini banyaknya, their numbers were such as to hide the world under them. Cf. liput. lu, liu-liu, a stern-paddle. liur, ayer liur, saliva. liut, = liok. liwat, Ar. sodomy. Ioba, Hind. from Skr. greed, cotousness; also haloba. lobak, the Chinese radish (raphanus caudatus). loban, Ar. loban Jawi, gum benjamin. iobang, hole, groove, hollow, aperture; 1. tikus, a name given to the side-cavity in which the body rests in a Malay grave; LOLOK duit 1., Sarawak cents; pukul l., to act as a broker. lobok, a deep pool in a river or in the sea; galah I., the longest kind of punting-pole. lochak, melochak, to be abundant; to be plentiful, of fruit. locheng, Ch. a bell. lochok, mrlochok, I. to masturbate. II. to push, e.g., an object across a stream. lodan, ikan lodan, the whale or leviathan of Malay romance. lodeh, masak lodeh, cooked to pulpiness-cf. lodoh. lodoh, pulpy and rotten (of overripe fruit)-cf. lodeh. loga, I. Skr. abode, place; shurgaloga, heaven; also loka. II.= duga. logam, Tam. mineral (only in compound words); panchalogain, an alloy of five minerals or a stone of five colours; berma - logam, a red talismanic stone. loh, Ar. slate; tablet. loha, Ar. the forenoon. lohok, rotten through and through. lohor, Ar. midday, noon. lok, a curve or bend in a keris. loka, Skr. abode, place; shurgal ok a, paradise, heaven; also loga. lokah, = lukah. lokan, an edible marine cockle. lokchuan, Ch. smooth shining silk. lokek, stingy, mean, miserly. ioki, Ch. a Cantonese prostitute. lokos, bedraggled. lolak, a shell (trochus niloticus). 1o'lo', Ar. a pearl. lolok, I. mnlolok, to spy upon. II. pond, midden-hole. III. Pah. muddy, slushy. [ 154 ]

LOLONG lolong (onom.), nmelolong, to howl. lomak, oily, greasy. lomba, billowy motion; cantering or galloping (in a horse); the play of a porpoise; tenmpat berlomba kuda, a race-course; lomba- lomba, a porpoise or dolphin; 1. - 1. alur, a porpoise (arcella brevirostris and phocoena phocoenoides ). - 1. sungai, the dolphin (s t e n o plumbeus and, rarer, delphinus delphis). lombang, a cavity in the ground; a surface mine; the chasm left after a volcanic explosion. lomor, = lumur. Iomos, =lumus. lompang, = lumpang. lompat, leaping; lompati, to jump upon; melompat, to spring. lonak, = lunak. Ionchat, jumping with both feet together; leaping (as a fish out of water); terlonchat - lonchat, hopping about, springing about. Ionchos, Ked. stark naked. Iondang, a mud-hole. londeh, insecurely fastened (of a sarong). long, I. a native coffin. II. = sulong. longgak, looking upwards with head bent right back; hantu l., a name given to the spectre huntsman from his appearance. longgar, knocking against the sides of a receptacle; loose - fitting. longgok, a mound or heap; longgokkan, to stack; berlonggok-longgok, in stacks. Iongkah, loosened, strained (of a joint). longkai, Pah. longkai - longkai, tapering of fingers. Cf. 16ngkai. longkang, a ditch, a drain. LOTONG longlai, bent bowed; lemah l., swaying willowy. longsor, slipping forward; sliding down. Ionlak, melonjak, to walk on tiptoe; chakap melonjak, to boast. Ionjong, tall, straight and slender (of a tree). Ionta, = ronta. Iontar, I. hurling; lontarkan, to throw, to bowl a ball; pelontar, a missile. II. a palm (borassus flabelliformis), the leaves of which were used as paper. lonteh, Jav. a harlot. lontok, short and thick; stumpy; orang tua I., a broken-down old man. lontos, smooth and cylindrical. lonyah, = lunyah. lonyai, slush; slushy. Lop, Pk. a common Perak name:? = Kulop. lopak, I. a shallow puddle. II. topak-lopak, a pouch of mnngkuang. III. lopak-lapek, con - fused, in disorder, inconsistent. lorah, a groove. Iorek, delicate graining or markings. lorong, a lane; a road or street. loros, = lurus. los, Hind. from Pers. an almond. losong, a white scaly eruption; ichthyosis; sakit 1. and kurup 1.^ id. lot, = lit. Iota, Hind. a vessel for carrying water. lotar, = lontar. lotek, a kind of pitch for caulking boats. loteng, Ch. upstairs; the upper floor or floors. lotong, black; a name given to " leaf monkeys" of the genus semnopithecus; also jelutong [ 155 ]

LOYA s. cristatus, the silvered leafmonkey lotong kelabui; s. obscurus, the dusky leaf - mon - key 1. chengkau; ekur I., "monkey's tail," a name given to a swivel gun or jingal with an iron "tail" to fix in the ground. loya, meloya, to feel squeamish. loyak, soft (of overboiled rice). loyang, bell-metal. loyar, pinang loyar, cudgels known as " Penang lawyers" made from the pinang liar. II. Eng. lawyer; 1. burok, a hedgelawyer or sea - lawyer; 1. ke - ledek, a qualified practitioner with a pettifogging practice. loyong, meloyong, to walk with tottering gait. lu, Ch. you. luah, spitting out (food, etc., but not saliva) from the mouth. luak, I. mnluak, to feel nauseacf. loya. II. an animal (unid.). III. N.S. the territory ruled by a tribal penghulu. IV. nelnak, to have decreased in quantity. luan, = haluan. luang, abated, of storms; peluang, (1) a calm after storm, (2) leisure after toil. luar, outer portion; the part beyond or outside; d i - lu a r, outside; k a - 1 u a r, outwards; tanah I., foreign countries; keluaran, outer, strange, foreign, ~ common; see also keluar. luas, spacious; dahi-nya 1., his forehead was broad; luaskan or meluaskan, to broaden, to extend. luat, = luak, I. lubok, = lobok. lucha, Hind. obscene, low. luchas, = lunchas. luchu, bright, merry. LUMANG luchut, I. slipping off, down or away; dropping and being lost. II. abrasion; scraping off skin. Iudah, spit; expectoration; lndahi, to spit at; nmludah, to spit; ludahkan, to eject from the mouth; to spit out. lughat, Ar. a vocabulary, a dictionary. lugu, satisfied; ta' lugu, insatiable. luh, - loh. lui, furthest from the goal; last in a race. lujur, stringing roughly together; tacking. luka, a wound; mata 1., or liang 1., the orifice of a wound; lukai or mnlukai, to wound. lukah, R.J. a generic name for small riverine fish-traps bubu, Ked., Pk. lukis, writing, engraving, drawing; pandai 1., an engraver; lukisan, drawing, sketching, tracing; mn-lukiskan, to draw. luku, meluku, to scratch the head; to draw the fingers through the hair. lukup, bottom upwards (of a cup, boat, etc.). luloh, powdered; crushed to powder; hanchur 1., crushed to pieces. iulu, swallowing at a gulp. lulum, sucking at (sweets, chocolate, etc.). lulur, = hlau. lulus, just slipping through; getting through; possible; 1. keh~ndak, realizing one's wish; luluskan, to put through (a task). lulut, to rub the body, shampoo, pIualut, a shampooer. lumang, blumnmang, smeared with mud; minggelunang, to wallow in mud. [ 156 ]

LUMAT lumat, fine, soft (of earth); crushed, ground, or chopped to pieces; pipis lumat - lumat, minced quite fine. lumbong, = lomborig. lumi, ikan litmi-llmini, a fish (Echineis). lumpang, a pounder. lumpoh, lame (from oedema or peripheral neuritis). lumpur, mud. lumu, -= lulut. lumur, besmearing; berlumnur, polluted; lumurkai, to defile. lumus, smeared-cf. lumur. lumut, lichen; berlumut, mosscovered. lunak, fleshy (of stone-fruits). lunas, the keel of a boat. lunchas, failing to hit; missing the mark. lunchur, slipping forward or downward. lundu, I. generic name given to a number of fish (bagrus gulioides and arits spp.). II. pokok lundtu, a plant (antidesma bunias). lunggok, - longgok. lungkum, dome- shaped; covering like a dome. lungkup, telungkup, capsized, overturned; = tlangkup. lungsur, = longsor. lunjur, beunjur, to stretch; belunjur kaki, to stretch the legs. luntang, peluntang, a float (used with nets or lines). luntok, = lontok. luntur, p~luntur a purgative. lunyah, treading down swampy soil (of buffaloes turned into a field so that they may give the soil a rough turning up). lup, the rod through which the threads pass in weaving. LUTI lupa, I. forgetting; lupakan, to forget; pelupa, a forgetful person. II. lupa-lupa, fish-maws. lupas, see kelhpas. lupat, a shell- fish (hippopus maculatlus). lupi, papan 1., a piece of decking flush with the gunwale in a Malay boat. lupoh, mehlupoh, to hammer bamboo flat. luput, slipping away from; lost; 1. daripada kejahatan, escaping from evil; hilang 1., lost and gone. lurah, I. Jav. district or division of a country; = daerah; salurah, the entire division, allusually pronounced seluroh. II. a long valley. luroh, I. dropping; being shed (as leaves); bGrluroh, to be falling (of flowers, etc.). II. see lurah and seluroh. luru, mellnriz, to dash forward, to charge. lurup, susup-lrllp, helter-skelter (of running). lurus, straight; smooth and straight; regular; luruskan, to straighten. lurut, I. running a chain through the fingers; drawing one's hand over a rope, a man's arm or any similar object-cf. urut. II. N.S. to flow down, of a river. III. a whitlow. lusa, the day after the morrow. lusoh, flexible through use (as boots that are stiff when new). lut, penetrating, effective; tiada I., it did not penetrate (of an arrow or bullet). luti, ruffled; crumpled; spoilt by use but not worn out. [ 157 ]

LUTU MAHAR tutu, mlutu, to attack in swarms, tMmpurong 1., the knee - pan; of wasps. berlutut, to be on one's knees. lutut, the knee; kepala 1., the luyu, mata luyu, drooping eyelids. forepart of the knee; pelipatan luyut, me-luyut, hanging, e.g., of 1., the intercondyloid fossa; fruit on boughs. M ma', mother (familiar). maa, Ar. water; maa'l hayat, water of life. maaf, Ar. pardon, forgiveness; minta m., to ask for pardon; = minta ampun; maafkan, to forgive; also mahap. maajun, Ar. medicine, tonic. maallm, - malim. maalum, Ar. known, understood; maalumkan, to inform; lebeh maalum, you are aware. maamum, Ar. the followers of the imam at the mosque; the congregation. maamur, Ar. prosperous, populous, abounding. maana, Ar. meaning, significance. maashuk, Ar. the beloved one; mistress; loved. mabok, intoxicated; m. berahi, intoxicated with love; m. darah, faint at the sight of blood; m. k~chubong, dazed by datura poisoning; m. ombak, sea-sick. macham, sort, type; as; machammacham, of sorts, different kinds; apa m., how? m. ini, this way, thus. machan, Jav. a tiger. machang, the horse - mango (mangifera foetida); also embachang. madahb, Ar. saying; utterance; bUrmadah, to say, to speak. II. Ar. the vowel point marking the long alif. madam I. depressed. II. Eur. a lady of rank. madat, I. Hind. prepared opium; chandu. II. a turret, a watchtower; battlements. madrasah, Ar. a school. madu, I. Skr. honey; ayer m., honey; laut m., an ocean of sweetness. II. Ar. rival (especially in affections or a rival wife). madzhab, Ar. a sect, a school (of thought). madzkur, = mazkur. mafhum, Ar. understood, comprehending; tiada mafhum akan maana bahasa Melayu, he had not grasped the spirit of the Malay language. magang, overripe (of fruit). maghlub, Ar. conquered, overcome. maghrib, Ar. the west. magun, the steerman's compartment in a native ship. maha, Skr. great (used in compounds only); maha besar, very great; maha-mulia, most illustrious; maha - tinggi, most exalted. mahal costly; dear; rare; mahal di-bhli, sukar' di-chari, dear to buy and hard to get for oneself. mahaligai, Tam. a palace; better maligai. mahang, a generic name for a number of trees (macaranga spp.). mahap, = maaf. mahar, Ar. the settlement on a [ 158 ]

MAHIR bride by the bridegroom;=nmas kawin. mahir, Ar. experienced; master of one's art. mahisa, Skr. a buffalo; a title in ancient Java; also misa. mahajana, Skr. I. excellent, great; a merchant. II. centre. mahkamah, Ar. a court of justice. mahkota, Skr. a crown. Better makota. mahshar, Ar. meeting, assembly. mahsul, result, product. mahu, = mau. maidan, = medan. maimun, Ar. lucky, fortunate. main, sport, play, amusement; m. judi, gambling; bermain, to play, to play at; bermain mata, to cast amorous glances; permainan, an amusement. mala, a generic name for a number of plants, e.g., majakani, majapahit, etc. majakani, a medicinal plant (unid.). majal, I. short and broad (of a knife). II. blunt, of a razor. majapahit, I. a plant (unid.). II. a famous Javanese city and empire. mallis, Ar. assembly, gathering; di-tengah m., in public. majmu', Ar. sum total. mainun, Ar. mad, possessed. majoh, gluttonous in eating. maju, progressive, prospering. Majuj, Ar. the giant Magog. majum, oakum. Majusi, Pers. Magian; connected with the Zoroastrian religion. mak, mother; also m a'; m. saudara, (Pen.) m. penakan, m. sa - pupu, aunt; m. sulong, eldest aunt; m. 'ngah, m. uteh, intermediate aunt; m. bongsu, m. busu, m. kechil, m. muda, youngest aunt. MALAM maka, then; and so; next. makam, Ar. I. a grave with a small pavilion over it; a graveshrine. II. foundation, place, site. III. rank, position. makan, food; to penetrate or bite into; m. nasi, to dine; m. jenoh, to eat one's fill; di-makan karat, eaten into with rust; m. suap, to take bribes; m. gaji, to receive regular pay; makanan, food, things eaten. makar, I. hard, stony (of fruit). II. Ar. trickiness; resourceful, wily. makbul, Ar. confirmed, approved, agreed to. makhluk, Ar. created things; mankind; humanity. maki, I. abuse, bad language; memaki, to revile. II. Ar. srna maki "senna of Mecca" (cassia angustifolia). makin, the more; makin lama maki n b a i k, the longer the better. makota, Skr. crown; also mahkota. makroh, Ar. hateful, detestable. maksud, Ar. wish, desire. maktab, Ar. a college. maktub, termaktub, Ar. written. mal, Ar. property; bait-ul-mal, the treasury. mala, I. Skr. accursed; a curse; misfortune; m. pestaka, extreme ill-luck. II. faded, withered (of flowers). malai, Skt. a flower worn in the hair; sunting m., id. malaikat, Ar. an angel; also malekat. malak, Ar. angel; malak-ul-maut, the angel of death-usually pronounced malik-ul-maut. malam, night; the darkness of night; ttngah m., midnight; [ 159 ]

MALAN siang m., day and night; samalam, the night before last; m. tadi, last night; bermalam, to pass the night. malan, drunk, mazed, perplexed. malang, I. adverse, of fortune; unlucky; kemalangan, ill - luck. II. a pinnacle-rock. malap, flickering (of a light) dulled (of radiance). malapari, a sea - shore tree (fagraea fastigiata)? malar, contantly, steadily; nm. puchat kurus, always pale and thin; ayer malar dua depa, water with a constant depth of two fathoms. malas, Skr. idle, lazy, sluggish. malau, malau gari, (Kedah) sealing-wax. Also einbalaiu. malaun, Ar. accursed, evil. mali, I. pemali, tabooed, forbidden. II. tali tnimali, cordage; memali, to twine string. III. a generic name given to several plants, especially, mali - mali) to leea sambucina. IV. Tam. (Penang) - malai, a garland. maligai, Tam. a palace; also mahaligai. malik, I. Ar. a king. II. see malak. malim, Ar. a learned person (especially one learned in navigation); a navigating officer or first mate. maling, Jav. a thief; thieving; pintu m., a side or back entrance to a Malay house. malis, faded, dulled (of bright colour). malong, a large fish (murwenesox telabon). malu, modest; bashful; menaroh m., to feel shame; mendapat m., to be put to shame; dcngan tiada mi., shamelessly; kemaluan, feelings of modesty or shame the pudenda. MANA mam, to suck at the breast. manah, masticating, crushing in the mouth; mn. biak, to chew the cud. mamai, talking in one's sleep. mamak, Skr. uncle, aunt; uncle (a form of address from a prince to an aged minister). maman, a generic name given to some (unid.) medicinal plants. mamanda, uncle; a respectful variant of mamak. mamang, I. looking but not perceiving as an absent-minded man. II. gopoh mamang, extreme haste. mambang, a spirit, the personification of the sunset-glow. mambong, hollow, lacking in fleshy substance (of young fruit). mambu, Tam. (Penang) the nim tree. mamek, slightly changed or gone off (of taste or flavour). mami, Skt. an aunt. mamlakat, Ar. kingdom. mamong, dull, unseeing (of the eyes) -cf. mamang. mampal, blunted of the end of a stick. mampat, I. tight; densely packed. Ii. mampat-mampat, a name given to some plants (cratoxylon spp.). mampu, means, resources; = upaya). mampus, dead (vulgarly expressed); wiped out; "kicked the bucket," "croaked." mamu, Skr. uncle; a variant of mamak. mamun, involved (of accounts). man, Hind. a measure of weight; a maund. mana, I. where, which, what, how, why? di-mana? in what place? where? ka - mana? whither? [ 160 ]

MANAH dari - mana? whence? II. = maana. manah, I. esteemed. II. heart, feelings. manai, pale, anaemic; puchat m., id. manan, Ar. kind, generous. manau, rotan manau, a rattan (species unid.). manchit, to spout or gush out. manchong, clear - cut, sharp - angled (of the profile, especially the nose). manda, = manmanda. mandai, a tree (unid.). mandam, dizzy, intoxicated; m. khiali, id. mandang, I. to see; to gaze at,= memandang, from pandang. II. t~mandang, aspect; imposing appearance. mandarsah, = bandarsah. mandi, bathing; to bathe; batu m., a rock that is just awash; tempat m., a bathing - place; mandikan or memandikan, to give a bath to. mandom, Tam. (Penang), broken down, e.g., of a horse. mandong, a cock. mandul, childless, unfruitful, barren. mandur, Port. a headman of coolies. manek, Skr. a bead; sa - utas manek-manek, a string of beads. manera, Jav. I, we, your servant; also mendera. manfaat, Ar. profit, gain, advantage. mangap, Jav. agape; with jaws wide open-cf. mangan. mangau, agape (especially with astonishment); m a n g a p - m., wide-agape-cf. mangap. mangga, Skr. the mango-usually mnmpelam; kunchi m., a pad MANOK lock; sakit m., suffering from bubo. manggar, = mangkar. manggis, the mangosteen (garcinia manggostana). manggista, = manggis. manggul, tanah manggul, high land. manggustan, = manggis. mangka, -= maka. mangkar, I. mayang mangkar, the opening blossom of the coconut (a simile for curly hair). II. unripe, hard; also makar. mangkat, "to be borne aloft" (a euphemism for death when speaking of a prince)., mangkeh, sticking out in all directions; at sixes and sevens. mangkin, = makin. mangkok, a cup; pinggan m., crockery. mangkubumi, a regent = p S - mangku raja. mangsa, Skr. flesh; food; prey (of animals). mangsi, Skr. a compound of burnt tamarind bast used for staining the teeth. mangu, - mangau. mani, Ar. the seminal fluid. manikam, Tam. gem; essence; embryo; jauhar juga yang mengenal m., it takes a jeweller to pronounce upon a gem, prov. manira, = manera. manis, I. sweet; (in colour) light; adas m., aniseed; gigi m., incisor tooth; kayu m., cinnamon; k&manisan, sweetness; pgmanis, a charm to render attractive. II. jari manis, the ring-finger. mania, = maja. manjapada, Skr. the earth; the abode of mortals. manjong, = anjong. manok, bird; = unggas; m. dewata, the bird of paradise. [ 161 ]

MANORA manora, = mnndora. mantega, = mentega. mantera, Skr. a magical formula. mantik, Ar. logic. manusia, Skr. mankind; man; orang m., a human being; nyawa nm., the human soul; lidah m., the human tongue. manyan, =- knmenyan. mapar, gang mapar, a flat-ended 'brazier's chisel-cf. papar. mara, I. Skr. danger, misfortune; mara-bahaya, danger, risk, peril. II. kota mara, the breastwork protecting the gunners in the batteir of a Malay pirate-ship. marabahaya, see mara. marah, angry, wrath; m. angin, idle threats; memarahkan, to rouse to anger. marak, to flare up (of a flame). maras, = marah. mardan, Pers. men. marga, Skr. a wild animal; margasetua, wild animals generally. marghub, Ar. beautiful of music. marhum, Ar. that has found mercy; at - marhum, the late (prince). mari, I. here; come here; kamarl, hither; bawa ka - mari, bring; p6rgi m., going and coming. Ii. coll., come; mari sini, come here; dia sudah m., he has come. marifat, Ar. perfect knowledge; true wisdom; the wisdom of holiness. Marikh, Ar. (the planet) Mars. maripat, = marifat. markah, Port. the mark on a sounding line. marmar, Hind. batu m., marble. martabat, Ar. a rung of a ladder; a grade in the scale of rank. martil, Port. a hammer; Pen., Pk. MASI a police truncheon. maruas, Ar. a small hand drum to accompany a gambus. marut, charut-marut, very vile (of swearing)-cf. charut. mas, gold, golden; a term of endearment; a Javanese title; a weight = -A tahil; m. kawin, the settlements on a bride; m. tempawan, hammered gold; a term of endearment; m. urai, m. biji hayam, m. pasir, alluvial gold; anak mn., a born slave, a bastard; ayer m., gilding; benang m., gold thread; kertas m., gold leaf. masa, Skr. season, period, epoch; pada m. itu, at that time; pada tiap-tiap m. dan ketika, at all times and seasons; m. mana, when. masaalah, Ar. a thesis; a puzzling question; an enigma; an interrogatory. masai, kusut masai, very much in disorder (of the hair). masak, ripe, mature, cooked; to cook, to smelt; m. mentah, food cooked and raw; juru m., a cook; kapur m., plaster. masakan, (in literature) is it likely? what though. masalla, Ar. a prayer-mat. masam, acid, sour; m. muka, sour-faced-cf. asam. Maseh, I. Ar. AI-Maseh, the Messiah, Jesus. II. -i masi. Masehi, Ar. Christian, Protestant. mashghul, Ar. sad, sorrowful. mashhadat, Ar. assembly, meeting. mashhur, Ar. famous, well - known; mashhurkan, to spread news. mashraf, Ar. noble. mashrek, Ar. the east. masi, still; while still; m. lagi, id., di-lihat-nya masi ada lagi baginda s~dang berkata - kata [ 162 ]

MASIH dengan sa-orang teman-nya, he saw that the king was still conversing with one of his companions. Masih, Maseh. Masihi, = Masehi. masin, salt, briny, brackish-cf. asin. masing, separate, singly (of persons only); mrasing - masing, each-cf. asing. masiat, Ar. crime, treachery, wickedness. masjid, Ar. a mosque; Masjid - ul-Haramn, the great mosque at Mecca; also mesegit. masok, entering; progress inwards; di-bawa m., carried in; m. keluar, going in and out; m. Islam or m. Melayu, to become a Muhammadan; masoki or memasoki, to enter into; masokkan or memasokkan, to insert. mastautin, Ar. to live, resideof chiefs and officials:-in epistolary language. mastuli, kain mastuli, a heavy cloth of rich silk. mat, Pers. mate (at chess) shahmat, checkmate. mata, I. eye, focus, centre; the blade or point of a weapon; a point of the compass; m. ayer, a spring; m. bisul, the head of a boil; m. gobek, the blade of a betel-nut pounder; m. gunting, the point of a pair of scissors; in. hari, the sun; m. hati, mental perception; the mind's eye; m. jalan, an outpost, a scout; m. juling, squint - eyed; m. kail a fish-hook; m. kakap, the plughole; m. kayu, a knot in wood; in. keris, the blade of a keris; m. kuching, "cat's-eye," a wellknown fruit (nephelium Malayense); damar m. kuching, a valuable damar obtained from MATANG hopea globosa; m. liar, wildeyed; m. luka, the orifice of a wound; m.-mata, (in independent Malaya), a satellite of the shah-bandar or harbour-master; (in Malacca) a p nghulu's assistant; (in British Malaya generally) a policeman; m. - m. gelap, a detective; di-mata-mata, openly; sa-mata-mata, obviously, clearly, plainly; m. panah, the point of an arrow; m. pasak, blue eyes; grey eyes; in. pedang, the blade of a sword; m. pedoman, the needle of a compass; m. punai, "green-pigeons' eyes"; the lozenge-shaped apertures in a grille or cross -grating; in. sabun, pale - eyed, white - eyed; m. susu, the nipple of the breast; m. tong, the bung-hole in a cask; anak m., the pupil of the eye; ayer m., tears; bermain m., eye-play; biji m., the eyeball; buli mn., eye -lashes; chahaya m., light of the eyes; a term of endearment; chermin m., eye-glasses, spectacles; ekur m., the corner of the eye; kelopak nm., the eyelid; liang m., the eyesocket; orang-orangan m., the image in the pupil of the eye; puteh in., being put to shame; s ilap m., conjuring; legerdemain; terus m., (1) clear of vision; (2) second sight. II. Ar. things of value; gems, etc., which represent great value in small compass; m. benda and m. dagangan, id. matab, Hind. from Pers. bluelights; Roman candles. matah, = mntah. matahari, the sun-v. mata and hari. matang, permatang or pematang, a hog's back, rising ground in alluvial flats. [ 163 ]

MATENG mateng, Jav. cooked, ripe, = masak. mati, dead; ended; m. di-bunoh, dead by violence; "a bad end"; m. lemas, dead from suffocation or drowning; m. puchok, impotent; belanja m., fixed allowance; grant m., a freehold grant of land; harga m., a fixed price; simpul m., a knot which is not a slip - knot or running knot; m. anak, - puntianak, q.v.; burong m. sa - kawan, a bird ( anorrhinus galeritus ); kHmatian, death, termination. mau, wish intention, will; a common but vulgar auxiliary for forming the future; man ta' man, willy-nilly. maujud, Ar. life, existence; maujudkan, to give life to, e.g., quicksilver. maujudat, Ar. existing things, all creation. maulana, Ar. lord, master. Maulia, Ar. 0 God; my Lord. maulud, Ar. birthday, bulan M., the month containing the Prophet's birthday, the month Rabi'i'l-awal. maung, unpleasant in taste; nasty (of flavour). maut, Ar. death; the hour of death; malak-ul-maut, the angel of death. mawa, a leaf-monkey (semnopithecus sp.)-believed by Malays to live on dew. mawar, Ar. rose- water; ayer m., id.; bunga ayer m., the rose. mawas, Sum. the mias or orangoutang (simia satyrus)-an animal known to Peninsular Malays only by tradition and so endowed witth miraculous attributes; tulang mawas, prehistoric iron tools, supposed to be the forearm of the mawas. MEERAT mawin, kawin-mawin, marriagefestivities generally; a frequentative of kawin. maya, I. Skr. unsubstantial, illusory; mayapada, this transitory earth; = manjapada. II. umur maya, trickiness-a corruption of the name of Omar Ommaiya, the Ulysses of the Hikayat Amir Hamza. III. m. perahu, a woodlouse. mayam, a weight = X of a tahil or bongkal. mayang, the blossom of a palm; saperti m. nmengurai, or saperti m. mekar, like the unfolding blossom of the palma symbol for beautiful curling hair. mayapada, see maga and manjapada. mayat, Ar. a dead body (expressed respectfully)-cf. bangkai. mayau, absent-minded. ma'yong, a theatrical performance met with in the Northern States of the Peninsula. mazkur, Ar. mentioned, stated; saperti yang termazkur, as stated. medan, Pers. a plain, an open field, a field of battle. medang, I. a generic name given to trees of the order Laurinese, and to others which have a timber of similar appearance. II. batu medang sila, a kind of gypsum used medicinally. medu, I. squeamish, feeling nausea. II. Meduwangsa, a complimentary epithet occurring in Malayo-Javanese romances. meerat, Ar. to die; to fall in a trance; the admission of Mu - hammad to heaven; the golden stairs; bulan M., a name given to the month Rajab. [ 164 1

MEGA mega, I. Skr. white fleecy clouds; cirrhus; m. berangkat, rising white cirrhus; m. berarak, white clouds chasing each other across the sky; m. dadu, a rosy-tinted sunset sky. II. - mika, you. megah, famous, glorious; perkara yang megah - megah, matters of weight-cf. gah. mygak, disrespectful; taking liberties. megan, a sweetmeat. Megat, Skr. a title given to men of royal descent on the mother's side. meja, Port. a table. mejam, to rotate round a motionless centre; the rotation of a wheel in an engine-room. mejelis, fair, pretty, handsome. Mek, Pat. a prefix to the names of girls of good family in North Malaya. meka, = mega, II. mekar, Jav. to open out (of a bud or blossom); mayang m., the opening blossom of the palm -a simile for curling hair. mekis, defiance; memekis, to defy; also mengkis. melainkan, but, still, nevertheless; except; see lain. melaka, Skr. a plant (phyllanthus pectinatus), giving its name to the well - known town of Malacca; gula M., coconut sugar or syrup; b 11 a h M., a Malay dumpling - dough filled with sweets. melarat, I. = Ar. imudzarai, difficulty, loss, injury. II. see larat. melas, badly fitting; not coinciding. milati, Skr. a name for the jasmine- usually melar (jasminum sambu). MtMPtLASARI Melayu, Malayan, Malay; Muhammadan; anak M., a Malay; orang M., id.; masok M., to become a Muhammadan; M. jati, a true Malay. melela, see lela. melilin, = merlilin. melimau, = merlimau. melimun, = halimun. meling, to turn away; to look in another direction. melit, inquisitive. melokan, = merlokan. melong, over- developed; overbig for the age. melukut, broken grains of husked. rice, broken rice; also lemukut. melur, the Indian jasmine (jasminum sambu). mem, Eng. a European lady. memali, = mali-mali-v. mali. III. memang, as a matter of fact, of course, naturally; m. j a h a t, naturally, notoriously wicked; m. ia pa.ndai Melayu, of course he knows Malay. memar, bruised, crushed (of a fruit). membachang, = embachang. membalau,- embalau. memberang, = berang-berang. memek, whining, fretting (as a young child). memerang, = berang-berang. mempas, - mepas. mempedal, = pedal. mempedu, = hempedu. mempelai, Tam. a bridegroom; naik m., to ascend the bridal dais; to be married. mempelam, Tam. the mango (mangifera Indica). mempelas, a plant (tetracera assa).. me/mpelasari, a name given to two plants (alyxia stellata and alyxia lucida). [ 165 ]

M1tMPININGMrNMU MENTIMUN memp~nling, a generic name for several trees (qiu~rclis spp.). mempoyan, a plant (rhodamnia trinervia). mena, I. calculation; kira; sa-mn na-me~na, about, approximately; tidak bWrsam~na or tiada tMpgrmn~ai, incalculable. 1I. see s~ingna. menalu, =_ be'ndalu. m~nang, to win; to prevail; to be successful; mnuhangkan, to give victory to, to support. menantu, son-in-law, daughterin-law. menara, Ar. a minaret. m~nasabah, fitting, suitable. menat, coveting. menatu, Tam. a laundryman. me'nchak,, fencing (in a sort of sword-dance);= main penchak. m~nching, at full slretch, fully distended. mendam, = mnandam. m~nde-leka, a tree yielding a kind of bread-fruit. me~ndera, I, we; your servant. m~ndC-rong, a sedge used in mnatmaking (scirpus grossuls). m~ndikali, a water-melon. mendong, Jay. gloomy; overcast (of the weather). ml-ndora, a theatrical perf ormance of Siamese or Buddhist origin. mendusta, false, sham (of a chignon, etc.); see dusta. m~nera, = rn~dera. nx6nerong, min~d~rong. mengah.-panting: puffing; sakit in., asthma. me'ngeh, panting, after exercise. mC-ngC-rna, gay with colour; petty ---cf. warna. m~ngka1, half - ripe (of fruit) just beginning to soften..mclngkalal, b_ ngkalai. m'ngkarong, = Hngkarong. mengkawan, =b~ngkawan. mi~ngk,61an, tirme'ngk~ian, stuck in the throat (of f ood). mengkis, defiant; also ingkis. mengkona, Sk. tuskless, of elephants. mengkong, ch~ngkong-m~ngkong, very hollow and emaciated (of~ the face). mengkoyan, = nz~mpoyan. mengkuang, the common screwpine (pandanus atrocarpus), and other species of pandanns. mengkudu, a generic name for a number of plants used in dyeing (especially miorinda tinctoria). mengkunang, Pah. a napoh, mouse-deer. mengkunyit, = merkanyit. mengsu, bulnnm~ngsu, the fine hairs round the forehead. mengut, ill1-fitting, unsuitable, inharmonious. meniaga, -_berniaga. menjak, see se-m~njak. menjana, see shne'rijana. menjangn the barking -deer (cervullus muntjac); usually kijung. menong, t jin ~n o ng, sunk in thought. menora, -nmIndora. mensiang, a triangular rush in rice-fields. m~ntah, raw, uncooked; inasak in., food cooked and uncooked. mentang, see se'm~ntang. menangur= bintanguir. mn~ntega, Port. butter. m~nt~Iah, see s~minnt~lah. m~nt~ri,, Skr. minister, vizier; p~rdana in., prime minister. m~ntibang, N.-S. milflipede. m~ntigi, a plant (thibaudia sp.)? me'ntimum, a generic name for [ 166 ]

MtNTUA gourds, pumpkins, passion - flowers, etc.; also timun. mentua, father-in-law; motherin-law. menyeroka, N.S. to open up and irrigate rice-fields. mepas, fly-fishing. meraga, = marga. meragi, variegated in colouring -cf. ragi; burong m., the painted snipe (rostratula capensis). Merah, an old Sumatran title. merah, red; m. tua, dark red; m. mnrang, bright red; m. nmuda, light red; nz. padam, lotus-red, fiery red - as the face of an angry warrior. merak, a peacock (pavo muticus); m. mas, a "golden peacock," a type of a beautiful bird; jambul in., "the peacock's crest," a name given to a plant (poinciana pulcherrima). merakap, Ar. jahil merakap, extremely ignorant especially of religion. merang, merah mnrang, bright red. merangas, spoilt by air-bubbles (in smelting). merangu, an obsolete musical wind-instrument. meranti, a name given to a number of trees (shorea spp.) which yield a good soft wood. merawan, I. a tree (h op ea mengarawan). II. = berawan, from awan. merbah, the yellow-vented bulbul (pycnonotus analis). merbak, see semerbak. merbatu, a generic name given to several trees (parinarium spp.). merbau, the well - known hardwood tree (afzelia Palembanica). merbaya, - mara-bahaya. merbok, the Malay turtle - dove (turtur tigrinus). Mt3RKAH merbulan, a tree (unid.). merbuloh, a plant (gynotroches axillaris). mercha, Skr. to faint, to swoon. merchapada, Skr. the earth; = manjapada. merchu, summit, crest, pinnacle. merchun, crackers, fireworks, cartridges. merdangga, an ancient Javanese musical instrument. merdeheka, Skr. free (in contradistinction to slavery); merdehekakan, to liberate; also merdeka. merdeka, see merdeheka. merdu, Skr. soft, sweet (of the voice or of music). mereh, Ar. urat mereh, the windpipe. mereka, they; mnreka itu, id. merela, improperly suggestive (of behaviour). merelang, smooth-edged; without a rim or raised border. mereng, to heel over (of a boat). merga, - nmarga. mergestua, = marga-setnza. mergok, = bergok. meriam, a cannon; pedati m., the gun -carriage; ringgit m., the pillar-dollar. Merikan, Tanm. an honorific in use among Muhammadan settlers from Southern India. merinyu, Port. an overseer; an inspector of police; a municipal inspector; a land bailiff. merjagong, a plant (ixonanthes obovata). merjan, Ar. red coral beads. merkah, to crack, to split; saga m., the cracking Indian pea-a simile for the mouth; delima m., the cracking pomegranate; another simile for a beautiful mouth. [ 167 ]

MitRKUBANG merkubang, a tree (mezzetia Herveyana). merkunyit, akar merkuinyit, a plant (coscinum blumeanum). merlilin, a plant (unid.). merlimau, akar merlimau, a scandent thorny wild orange (paramignya monophylla). merlokan, a tree (unid.). merombong, a small tree (timonius jambosella); also applied to adina polycephala, vernonia arborea and vatica pallida. meroyan, I. sakit m.royan, a disease of women. II. a generic name for a number of plants, e.g., dissochoeta spp. merpadi, a plant (symplocos fasciculata). merpati, Skr. a pigeon. merpisang, a palm (polyalthia Jenkinsii). merpuing, a plant (carallia integerrima). mersek, sharp, shrill (of sound). merta, I. Skr. ayer merta-jiwa, the water of life;= ayer utama jiwa. II. serta - mrta, and on that very moment; thereupon. mertabak, (Ar.) Pen. a meat omelet. mertajam, a tree (erioglossum edule). mertapal, a tree (unid.). mertua, = mentua. meruah, Ar. self - respect, manhood. merual, a long oblong flag or pennon with two metal balls on the further end. meruap, to boil over; to boil up. merunggai, the horse - radish (moringa pterygosperma); also remunggai. mesa, = misa. mesarong, a shell (pinna). mesegit, Ar. a mosque; also masjid. MIKA mesem, grinning, smiling; bermesem-mesem, to keep grinning. meshuarat, Ar. counsel, conference; bermeshuarat, to take counsel. mesirah, a name given to some small plants (ilex cymosa and randia densiflora). mesiu, saltpetre. meski, Port. although, even though; m. berbisek, sahaya pun tahu, even though you speak in whispers, I can tell what you are saying. mesra, Skr. completely assimilated or absorbed through and through; mesrakan, to absorb. mesteri, a master-workman. mesti, Jav. needs must; must. mestika, a bezoar; a talisman; a term of endearment. Mesuara, Skr. Maheswara; Siva. meisui, a tree with a fragrant bark used medicinally (cortex sp.). meta, Skr. uncontrollable; mad (of an elephant); gajah m., a rutting elephant. metapal, = mertapal. mieterai, Tam. see tera. metu, =- mutu. mewah, excessive, over - abund - ant, prosperous; kemewahan, id. mewek, pursing up the mouth to cry; pouting. miang, the fine hair-like pieces of bamboo seen when a bamboo is split; the smart created by them or by a nettle; ticklish; itchy; lascivious; m. gatal, extremely lustful or itchy. miap, miap-tiap, every, each-cf. tiap. midar, = mengidar, from idar, q.v. mihrab, Ar. the niche in a mosque indicating the direction in which Mecca lies. mika, I. = mega. II. Pk. thou, [ 168 ]

MIKAEL thee, you - a term of intimate or affectionate conversation. Mikael, Ar. the Archangel Michael. milam, an old woman. milek, Ar. property, possession; grant mn., a freehold title; memilek, to own. mimbar, Ar. a sort of pulpit or lectern in a Malay mosque. mimpi, dream, dreaming; bermimpi, to dream. mina, Skr. the sea; gajah m., the sea-elephant or leviathan; the whale. minat, = menat. Minggu, Port. week; hari M., Sunday. minhal, Ar. road, path. minta, requesting; applying for; asking for; m. ampun, to beg pardon, m. tabek, to ask to be excused; m. doa, to pray for any person or thing; meminta, to request; permintaan, a request -cf. pinta. minum, drinking; makan dan m., eating and drinking; m. madat, opium smoking; m. rokok, to smoke; minuman, a drink; meminum, to drink; peminum, a man given to drink. rminyak, oil, fat, ointment, grease; m. gas, kerosene oil; m. ikan, train oil; m. jarak, castor-oil; m. kachang, ground-nut oil; m. kelapa, coconut oil; m. sapi, suet; m. tanah, crude petroleum; m. zetun, olive-oil. mipis, = nipis. mirah, batu mirah, a ruby, a carbuncle, a jacinth. miring, - mereng. misa, Skr. buffalo; an ancient Javanese title; = mahisa. misal, moustache; m. bertaring, a moustache with fiercely turned-up ends; m. lebat, a drooping moustache. MONGGOK misal, Ar. example, instance; misal-nya, for instance. Misir, Ar. negeri Misir, Egypt. Better Masir. miskal, Ar. a weight of about 1 1A drachms. miskin, Ar. poor; poverty. misoh, Jav. to abuse, to scold. misru, Pers. ( = lawful) silk or satin with a cotton back, an old trade fabric. mistar, Ar. a ruled line; a ruler. mitai, Hind. from Skt. a sweetmeat. mithal, = misal. modal, Tam. capital for working a business; makan m., to live on one's capital. modar, mati modar, to die choked - in imprecations of a violent end. modin, Ar. a circumciser. moga, moga-moga, would that; might it be; may it be. mogah, adultery, fornication; also muikah. moh, I. =- emboh. II. Pk. come along. mohon, bermohon, to take one's leave; to depart-cf. pohon. mohor, Pers. the stamp or diemark on a coin. molek, charming, pretty. molong, buah molong, a sweetmeat resembling the buah M6 -laka. mo'mit, moving of the mouth in speaking or eating. momok, blunt. momong, =- mongmonq. mompong, dead of grasses, clumps of nipah, pandans which still stand up. monchong, snout-shaped; a snout; m. cherek, the spout of a kettle. mondok, short and thick; stumpy -cf. montok. monggok, rising in the form of [ 169 ]

MONGGOL a dome; protuberant (as a small mound); batu m., a cairn. monggol, knotty, gnarled (of a tree). monggor, = mongkor. mongkok, = monggok. mongkor, a litter or sedan-chair (mentioned in romances). mongmong (onom.), a small brass gong (laid on the ground and beaten). montok, short in proportion to its length; stumpy-cf. mondok. monyeh, termonyeh-monyeh, K. ashamed, bashful. monyet, a monkey; "monkey" (as a term of abuse). mopeng, pock - marked; also bopeng. morang, = murang. moreng, = choreng - inoreng, streaked with dirt in all directions-cf. choreng. morong, I. gloomy, despondent, miserable. II. a cooking - pot. III. a medicinal plant (scirpus grossus). mota, Hind. a coarse sail-cloth. mo'tabar, Ar. worthy, excellent, honourable. moyang, great- grandfather or great - grandmother; nenek m., ancestors. moyangda, a respectful form of moyang, great-grandfather. mozah, Pers. shoes, boots (in literature only). mu, you; = kamu. mua, disgust, abhorrence; also muak. muafakat, Ar. agreement, arrangement, settled plan; bermuafakat, to meet in conference; to settle by discussion; to agree upon; also mupakat and pakat. muak, disgust, nausea; also mua. mual, to swell of rice when boiled. MUHARRAM mualif, Ar. editor of a paper. mualim, Ar. a learned man; an expert; a navigator-cf. malim. muara, the estuary of a river;= kuala. maut, loading cargo; muatan, cargo; bermuat, to be laden with; muatkan, to 'load with. muazam, Ar. awe - inspiring, majestic, sublime; sultan almuazam, the august sultan, i.e., the Sultan of Turkey. mubarak, Ar. blessed. mubut, fragile, weak. muda, young, unripe, light (of colouring), much alloyed (of metals); Raja M., the heirapparent; mas m., much-alloyed gold; merah m., light red. mudah, easy, light, trivial; dengan mudah - nya, easily; mudah-mudahan, perhaps; possibly; would that; mudahkan or memudahkan, to render easy, painless, or light; permudahkan, to treat as of little account, to slight. mudek, travelling up stream. mudeli, an obsolete musical instrument. mudi, rear, stern, rudder; juru. m., the steersman; kemudi, a rudder; kemudian, after, subsequently. mufti, Ar. a specialist in law and theology; a doctor or Muhammadan law; a sort of chief justice. mugah, = mnogah. muhabat, Ar. love. muhallil, Ar. an intermediate husband required by Muhammadan law to legalize the remarriage of fully divorced persons. Muharram, Ar. the first month of the Muhammadan year. [ 170 ]

MUJARRAB mujarrab, Ar. tried; tested by experience; trusty. mujur, fortunate; lucky; kemujuran, id. muka, Skr. face, countenance, visage, front; m. papan, brazenfaced; m. m a n i s, pleasant looking; m. surat, a page; dim. pintu, in front of the door; a y e r m., expression, look; chahaya m., id.; seri m., the charm of the countenance; muka - muka, feigned feelings, hypocritical airs. mukaddis, Ar. bait-ul-mukaddis, the heavenly city. mukah, fornication, adultery; also mnogah. mukarram, Ar. honourable, distinguished. mukim, Ar. a parish; a territorial division; the area served by one mosque of general assembly. mukun, a bowl or cup. mula, Skr. commencement, beginning, source; mula-mula, to begin with; firstly; sa-mula, as at first; sa-bermula, in the first place; mulal, to commence, to begin; memulai, id.; permulaan, commencement, beginning. mulas, mulas perut, griping pains in the stomach-cf. pulas. mulia, Skr. illustrious, glorious; kain yang m., a mantle of splendid appearance; m a h a - mulia, most illustrious; most exalted; permuliakan, to honour; to treat with distinction; kemuliaan, a mark of honour or distinction. mulut, mouth; manis m., soft - spoken; panjang m., loquacious; s~dap m., fair-spoken; bawa m., to sneak, carry stories. MURAl mumbang, the young green coconut. mumbong, loaded above the gunwale (of a ship or boat). mumin, Ar. devout, religious, God-fearing; Amir-ul-muminin, Commander of the Faithful, Caliph. mumut, I. beating (as the pulse or fontanel); throbbing. II. sinking, of made earth. munajat, Ar. private devotions. muncheh, Sel. = rincheh. munchong, -= monchong. mundam, Ach. a bowl for water, of metal or glass. mundu, a tree (garcinia dulcis). mundur, to retreat; in mngundur, from undur. mungkir, Ar. to deny, to repudiate a statement, to refuse. mungkum, dome-shaped, covering like a dome. mungut, to totter. Munkar, Ar. one of the angels that examine the dead in the grave. munshi, Hind. a teacher of languages. muntah, vomiting; muntahkan, to vomit up; muntahkan darah, to vomit blood-believed to be the result of an evil spirit's work and so imprecated as a curse. muntil, full-bodied, fat. mupakat, = muafakat. mura, ular mura, a venomous snake (lachesis purpureonmaculatus, black variety, or naia sputatrix)-cf. bura. murah, generous, good- hearted, liberal; cheap; lagi murah, lagi di-tawar, the more I reduce, the more he bargains! maha-murah, all-generous (of God); ke - murahan, generosity. murai, I. burong murai, the [ 171 ]

MURANG magpie - robin (copsychus saularis); m. batu, the shama (cittocincla macrura); in. gajah, the fairy blue bird (irena cyanaea); m. gila, a name given to fantail fly - catchers (rhipadura spp.). II. Pah. badak murai, a tapir. murang, Port. the match (applied to a cannon). muri, I. Pers. a flute or clarionet of metal. II. Jav. white calico. murid, Ar. pupil, disciple; anak m., id. murka, Skr. wrath, anger (of God or of a prince); murkai, to be angered; murkakan, to be angry with. mursal, Ar. one sent; an apostle. murtad, Ar. renegade; the abandonment of the true faith. murup, fiery (of colouring) brilliant. Musa, Ar. nabi Musa, Moses. musafar, Ar. a traveller. musang, a generic name for civets; m. akar, the small-toothed palm-civet (arctogalidia leucotis); m. babi, the otter civet mongoose (herpestes brachyurus); m. batu, the zebra civetcat (arctogale leucotis); m. batu, m. belang, the slender banded civet (hemigale hardwickei); = m. akar; m. buah, the tiger-civet (prionodon gracilis), the weasel-cat (pr. maculosus); m. bulan, the whitewhiskered palm - civet (paradoxurus leucomystax), the smaller civet (viverra malaccensis); m. j b at, the Indian civet (v. zibetha), the Burmese civet (v. megaspila); mi. ming MUTIA kuang = m. pandan; m. ayam, m. pandan, the palm civet (paradoxurus hermaphroditus); m. teberau, a dark civet (probably paradoxurus niger); m. tenggalong, the Burmese civet (viverra mnegaspila); m. pulut, the small palm civet (paradoxurus minor); in. pisang, the Malayan marten; Pa' Musang, a legendary person, whose good luck always got him out of the scrapes into which his folly plunged him. mushkil, Ar. difficult. mushrik, Ar. (1) idolaters, (2) those who are not unitarians in religion. Mushtari, Ar. bintang Mushtari, Jupiter. musim, Ar. season; monsoon; m. hujan, the rainy season; m. kemarau, the dry season; m. utara, the north-east monsson. muslihat, Ar. resource, stratagem, means; = daya or upaya. Muslim, Ar. Moslem, Muhammadan. musoh, a national foe; bermusoh dengan, to be at war with; permusohan, a state of war. mustaed, Ar. in working order; ready for use; ready. mustahil, Ar. incredible, ridiculous. mustajab, Ar. efficacious; sure to act (of a medicine). mustakim, Ar. upright, sincere. mutabir, = mo' tabar. mutaliah, Ar. subscribers to a paper. mutia, Skr. pearl; s i p u t m., mother-or-pearl shell; intan m.. diamonds and pearls-cf. mutiara., [ 172 ]

MUTIARA mutiara, Skr. a pearl; indong m., the pearl oyster; mother - of - pearl; ayam m., a guinea-fowl. mutu, I. melancholy, brooding; berhati mn., id. II. pearl. III. NAIK Tam. a measure of the purity of gold; mas sa-puloh m., 24 carat gold. muyu, buah muyu, a black and sour fruit (unid.). N, Ng, Ny naam, Ar. yes; certainly; so it is. nabi, Ar. prophet; n. Ibrahim, Abraham; n. Idris Enoch; n. Isa Jesus; nabi-nabi, the starfish of seven points-cf. tapak Sulaiman. nadi, Skr. the arterial pulse. nadim, Pers. court-favourite. nadir, I. perahu nadir, a Malacca type of large sea-going fishingboat. II. Ar. inspector, supervisor; - nadzir. nadzar, Ar. a vow; a promise made to God; bernadzar, to vow. nadzir, Ar. an overseer, a suprintendent, an inspector; also nadir. nafas, Ar. breath, respiration; menarek n., to breathe; b e r - nafas, id.; also napas. nafi, I. Ar. banishment; nafikan, to expel. II. Ar. advantageous, profitable, spiritually useful. nafiri, Pers. a long narrow trumpet blown at a coronation, one of the appurtenances of Malay royalty. nafkah, Ar. means of livelihood; a living; alimony; menchari n., to seek livelihood; mendapat n., to earn a livelihood. nafsu, Ar. lust, the promptings of the flesh; hawa n., id.; menahan n., to bridle one's passions. naga, Skr. dragon, a snake of supernatural size; chula n., the horn of a dragon; gemala n., the luminous bezoar with which a dragon lights its way; n. balun, a dragon that kills by lashing with its tail; n. berapi, a firebreathing dragon; n. bura, a snake that spits out venom on its foes (naia sputatrix? ) n. gentala, a gigantic dragon that lies still and sucks its prey into its mouth-see also below; n. umbang, a huge marine dragon; n. berjuang, n. bers~ru and n. gentala, names of patterns (converging, diverging and parallel lines, respectively); n. naga, (1) a dragon - shaped figure - head; (2) the keelson; perahu kakap n., a boat with a dragon-shaped figure-head. nagasari, a tree yielding a pretty flower (messua ferra). nah, there! take it! nahak, ternahak, excited (of appetite, lust, or desire). nahas, Ar. ill-starred; foredoomed to misfortune; saat yang n., an unlucky hour. nahi, Ar. the forbidden; n. Allah, what God has forbidden. nahu, Ar. grammar, i.e., Arabic inflexions. naib, Ar. deputy; n. kali, a kali's deputy; n. raja, a viceroy. naik, ascent, motion upwards; n. raja or n. kerajaan, to ascend the throne; n. kereta, to mount up into a carriage; n. darat, to go ashore; n. haji, to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca; tengah n., [ 173 ]

NAJIS half-grown; kenaikan, a mount; a steed or vehicle. nails, Ar. filth; things which defile; kgna n., to incur pollution; kelakuan yang n., filthy habits. nak, - hendak. naka, part - singing; singing in alternation. nakal, perverse, mischievous; bgrnakal or menakal, to commit mischief in sheer wantonness. nakas, Ar. a motive in art, where figures face one another, e.g., dolphins. nakhoda, Pers. the master of an Arab or Persian trading-ship. Nakir, Ar. one of the angels who examine the dead in the grave. nal, (Dutch) wad..naleh, a maasure of capacity, = 16 gantang. nali, I. a turn to play, an innings in a Malay game. II. = naleh. nama, Skr. name, designation, renown; nama-nya Muhammad, he was named Muhammad; beroleh n., to obtain renown; namal and namakan, to name; bernama, by name, named; kenamaan, reputation; ternama, famous. nambi, an ulcerating disease of the feet. namnam, a fruit tree (cynometra cauliflora). nampak, to see-cf. tampak. nampal, marl; also napal. nan, who, which, that-a poetic equivalent of yang. nanah, matter, pus. nanal, a monkey (in the language of magic). nanar, giddy; silly (as the result of a blow); wild behaviour (as the result of illness). nanas, Port., Hind. the pineapple (ananassa spp.). NASIB nanda, = anakanda. nandong, tupai nandong,. the large squirrel (sciurus bicolor). nang, = nan and yang. nangak, a trunkless palm(unid.). nangka, the jack-fruit (artocarpus integrifolia). nangui, babi n., a wild-pig. naning, a large wasp. nanti, awaiting, to await; (in bazaar Malay) shall, will; nantikan, to await, to wait for; menanti, to sit waiting. napal, marl; also nampal. napas, Ar. breath, respiration; also nafas. napi, absent-minded; unconscious of one's surroundings. napoh, the larger chevrotin (tragulus napu). nara, Skr. hero, man (in titles). naracha, = neracha. naraka, Skr. hell; api n., hell fire. narwastu, spikenard; frankincense. nasab, Ar. race, family, origin. nasar, Ar. burong nasar, the vulture. nasek, nasek-nasek, a generic name for many plants (especially eugenia Zeylanica). nasi, boiled rice; makan n., to dine; n. hadap - hadap, the rice consumed at a wedding feast -- also n a s i d amai; n. Kabuli, n. pulau, " pillau" rice; n. kukus, steamed rice; n. kuning, rice cooked with saffron; n. lemak, rice cooked in coconut water; n. minyak, rice cooked in oil or mutton-fat; n. pSlabur, rations; n. tambah, a second helping of rice; n. tanak, plain boiled rice. nasib, Ar. fortune, luck, lot in life; sudah untong n., it is my destiny; n. malang, extreme bad f 174 ]

NASIHAT luck; membawa n., to trust to luck; to risk one's all. nasihat, Ar. advice; the moral of a story; menasihat, to advise. naskah, Ar. original text (editio princeps). Nasrani, Ar. "Nazarene"; Christian (especially Roman Catholic); also Serani. nata, Skr. lord, prince; sang n., the king. natang, Siam. a French window. natar, smooth, level; = rata; also datar. nati, a fool, a blockhead. nau, a palm (arenga sacchari — fera). naung, shade; shelter from the sun; shelter generally; naungi or menaungi, to give shelter to; bernaung, to take shelter. nayam, the blade of a ploughshare. nazam, Ar. order, composition, arrangement; = karangan. neemat, Ar. a delight; a pleasure; a joy; anything pleasant to the taste. nega, = neka. negara, I. Skr. city, town-a poetic variant of negeri. II. n. bukit, hill-top. III. Ar. a kettledrum (included among the insignia of Malay royalty). negeri, Skr. town, city, state. neka, Skr. kinds, species; serba n., various; also aneka. nelayan, Tam. a fisherman. nenda, a respectful variant of nenek. nenek, grandmother; n. moyang, ancestors. nenenda, = nenda. nenes, b~rnenes, to ooze out (of pus). nentiasa, Skr. always, at all times [usually in the forms sxnentiasa or sentiasa]. NIKA neracha, Hind. a balance; a sensitive pair of scales. nesan, Pers. a grave-stone. neschaya, Skr. certainly, surely, inevitably. nesta, =- nista. nestapa, Jav. and Skr. sorrowful; misfortune, suffering. netiasa, = nentiasa. ngada, mingada-ngada, to be boastful or conceited. ngadah, tengadah, looking upwards. nganga, open, agape (of the jaws). ngangut, mengangut, to mutter to oneself. ngap (onom.), I. "snap," of a cat catching its prey. II. ngap-ngap, panting, catching at one's breath. ngedar, Skt. sleepy. Better nyedar. ngeh (onom.), to blow the nose; also nyeh. ngelu, aching (of the head). ngengap, = ngap-ngap. ngeran, annoyed, angry. ngeras, Jav. sour, rancid; unpleasant. ngeri, fearful, alarmed; panic. ngeriap, mengeriap, to swarm. ngering (onom.), sound of ringing. ngerong (onom.), the sound of beating gongs. ngiau, mengiaii, to mew (of a cat). ngilu, "on edge" (of the teeth). ngungap (onom.), to pant. ngut-ngut, moping. ni, an abbreviation of ini. niaga, see b~rniaga. niat, Ar. desire, wish, longing, aspiration; niatkan, to will. niaya, = aniaya. nibong, the well - known palm (oncosperma tigillaria). nidera, Skt. sleepy, fast of sleep. nika, = neka. [ 175 ]

NIKAH nikah, Ar. wedding; marriage ceremony; nikahkan or- menikahkan, to wed two other people together; bUrnikah, to be married oneself. nila, Skr. deep blue indigo; permata n. or n. kendi, the sapphire. nilai, nilaikan, to appraise, to value; tiada ternilai, priceless. nilam, I. the patchouli (pogostemon patchouli). II. Tam. the sapphire; batu n., id. nilau, la plant (cupania pallidula). nilong, the slow loris. nilur, perisai nilur, a long oval shield. nin, this -a poetical variant of ini. ning, = ing. nipah, the well-known trunkless palm (nipa fruticans). nipis, tenuous, thin; limau n., the lime (citrus acida). nira, Skr. the fresh juice of the palm (from which spirit is made by fermentation). niru, a sieve; also nyiru. nista, Skr. insult, abuse. nobat, Pers. a hemispherical kettle - drum included in the appurtenances of royalty. noga, a shell (turbinella conigera). noja, a servant or carataker in a mosque; daun n., a herb used in dyeing (peristrope montana). noktah, Ar. a diacritical mark, a vowel-point, a dot, a full-stop. nona, I. Jav. an unmarried daughter of a European or Chinese. II. buah nona, the custard-apple (anona squamosa); n. kapri, the " bullock's heart" fruit (anona reticulata). nonah, = nona. nonam, a shell (nmurex sp.). NYARIS nong, a title given to distant descendants of a prince. nonong, m~nonong, to walk straight ahead without noticing surroundings. nonya, = nyonya. no'reng, a vulture. nu, that; = ita. nugeraha, = anuggrah. nulum, Ar. astrological tables; ahlu'n-nujum, astrologers. nukil, Ar. narrative, tradition; copy, translation. nuktah, = noktah. nun, Ar. ikan nun, the "whale" that swallowed Jonah. nur, Ar. light. nuracha, -- neracha. nuraka, = naraka. nurbisa, an antidote to venom. nuri, a parrot, a lory. nurmala, faded = mala. nus, the sepia or cuttle-fish. nusus, Ar. recalcitrant of a woman who refuses to cohabit with her husband. nutfah, Ar. semen. -nya, its, his, her -a possessive pronoun of the third person. nyah, be off I get away!; nyahkan, to drive away. nyai, Jav. a term of endearment; (in Deli) a mistress. nyala, shining, resplendent; bernyala, to shine. nyaman, fit; healthful. nyamok, a mosquito. nyampang, sa - nyampang, the more. nyanyi, singing; bernyanyi, to sing; menyanyi, id. nyanyok, dull, in one's dotage. nyapang, a friend, a companion. nyarap, to plug or cork up. nyaring, clear; distinct (of utterance); shrill (of a voice). nyaris, nearly, all but. [ 176 ]

NYATA nyata, Skr. obvious, plain, manifest; nyatakan or mnenyatakan, to make clear, to show. nyatoh, a valuable timber - tree (payena costata). nyawa, soul, life, spirit; "my life" (as a term of endearment); menyawa, breathing heavily, of animals. nyedar, Skt. sound (of sleep). nyed6ra, = nyedar. nyeh (onom), to blow the nose; also ngeh. nyenyai, coarsely woven (of cloth). nyanyen, teasing, worrying. nyilu, = ngilu. nyireh, a sea-shore tree (carappa mnolhccana). nyiru, a sieve; also niru. nyiur, (? nariyar, Skr.) a coconut; pokok ny., a coconut-tree; ny. ladeh, a coconut, the water OLAK of which has coagulated into a pulp; ny. di - makan bulan, a coconut without water in it; ny. mumbang, the very young coconut; ny. semantan, the coconut when the water can be heard on the nut being shaken; ny. sungkuran, the nut before the shell has commenced to harden; ny. tahan kukur, the nut when the shell is hardening but the water cannot be heard. nyolo, a brazier. nyongkom, cuddling over. nyonya, a designation given to Chinese and Eurasian married women; also nonya. nyonyeh, old and toothless. nyonyong, blown out; swollen up; inflamed. nyonyot, pulling at the breast. nyut, the throbbing of a boil or of the fontanel. 0 oak, = kuak, II. obat, drug, medicine, chemical; a magical potion, or mixture; o. sakit k~pala, a cure for headache; o. b ed i 1, gunpowder; o. guna, a philtre; tukang o., a vendor of magical simples; an apothecary; obat-obatan, drugs generally; o b ati, to apply a remedy; pengobat, a remedy. ochok, stirring up by teasing or tale-bearing; exciting; mischiefmaking. odoh, ugly, unsightly, offensive to the eye. ogah, Hind. a hookah, a hubblebubble; also hukah. ogak, ogak-o gak, a jester, a practical joker. ogam, pingogam, a scraper; pengogam mayang, a borer or cutter for extracting palm sap; pengogam sampah, a sort of broom. ogoh, to shake as a monkey a branch, or as a child shakes a thing without violent commotion. ogok, stingy. oh, an interjection of sudden recollection (oh! I have itl). oja, mengoja, to excite cocks to attack each other. olah, way of doing things, manner, method; excuse, attitude taken up; banyak o., capricious, variable; o.-elah, duplicity; saolah - olah, about the same as; similar to. olak, (1) an eddy or agitation on the water; o. - alek, backwards and forwards (2) downstream; sa - blah o., downstream,? -= [ 177 ]

OLEH where the ripples are below a stake, on the downstream side. oleh, by means of, through the medium, of, owing to; oleh-nya, by him; beroleh, to obtain-cf. boleh. olek, = ulit. oleng, rocking, of a laden boat. olok, joking, jesting; mengolokolok, to chaff; burong o.-o., the booby (sula leucogaster). olon, = ulun. ombak, a wave, a billow; berombak, to roll in waves; to surge; mabok o., sea-sick. omong, I. a mark to indicate that a place is reserved by a man for the erection of fishing-stakes. II. mengomong, to meet together; to gossip. ompang, ompang - ompang, miscellaneous articles carried about by a trader (as gifts to chiefs). ompok, I. a method of printing on cloth. II. a border sewn on to a piece of embroidery or on to a mat. onak, barbed thorns; the "waita-bit" thorn-cf. sonak and duri. onam, = unam. onar, = honar. ondeh, ondeh-ondeh, sweetened dumplings of dough rolled in coconut scrapings. oneng, oneng-oneng, remote descendants. ong, = hong. onggal, onggok-onggal, swaying, rocking. onggok, I. onggok-onggal, swaying, rocking. II. beronggokonggok, in small heaps or clusters. ongkak, posts (in a boat's bows) OTEK to which the cable is secured, bitts. ongkos, (Dutch) outlay, expenses, charges (especially travelling expenses). onis, pale; puchat o., id. onta, Hind. a camel; burong o., an ostrich. onyak, onyak-anyek, vacillating, undecided; shaking (as a loose tooth). opas, I. (Dutch) a watchman. II. = upas. opau, Ch. a purse-pouch attached to the waist-belt. opor, Jav. cooking without vegetables or condiments; plain roasting or stewing. orak, unloosing, unwinding, uncoiling, undoing, mengorak, to unfasten, to unfold. orang, a human being; a man or woman; people generally (especially in the sense of other people); o. Melayu, a Malay; kata o., people say; it is said; o. banyak, the multitude, the people; o. hutan, o. liar, or o. bukit, aboriginal tribesmen. ordi, Port. commands, instructions, orders; also rodi. orlit, ear-ring of diamond, with nut and screw behind the ear. orloji, = horloji. orlong, = relong. orok (onom.), orok-orok, a number of perforated objects strung on a stick so as to rattle when the stick is shaken. otak, brains, marrow; o. tulang, the marrow. otar, = atar. otek, an edible salt - water fish (arins sp.). [ 178 ]

PAHA P pa', father (expressed familiarly). pachai, sandalwood dust sprinkled on a dead body to prepare it for the grave. pachak, I. to spit; sticking a sharp - pointed stick through something else. II. accustomed to; experienced in; versed in. pachal, slave of a slave; the humblest of the humble (a very self-depreciatory expression used as a pronoun of the first person). pachar, a kind of carpet mentioned in old romances. pachat, a leach. pachau, a talisman hung on a tree to make the fruit of that tree disagree with anyone who steals and eats it. pacheh, main p., (Ach. Pen.) a children's race - game played with cowries on a cross-shaped board. pacheli, or pacheri, Tam. a brinjal or pineapple condiment. pachu, goading on or spurring on (a horse); memachu, to spur on. pachul, squeezing or pressing out (as one presses matter out of a sore). pada, I. Skr. seri pada, the holy feet of a prince; a royal title. II. sufficient, adequate, enough. III. by, at, near, in, according to; ka-pada, to; dari-pada, from; pada akhir-nya, finally. padah, memadah, to invite. padam, I. extinguishing; putting out (a light); (by metaphor) putting an end to evil feelings. lI. Skr. a lotus; merah p., lotusred. padan, fitting, harmonising; to match. padang, a plain; an open space; p. saujana, a streetch of open country; p. jarak, p. tekukur, a tract of waste land. padat, cramming, crushing into a small space, stuffing. padau, layar padau, a storm-sail. paderi, Port. a Christian priest; a clergyman. padi, rice in the husk; semangat p., the spirit of life in the padi. padok, a crease or starting line used in playing Malay games. padong, a short shoot or projection from the stem of a creeper. padu, I. welding together, hammering together. II. berpadu, to sweep by each other (of birds on the wing). paduka, Skr. a royal title derived from the fact that the subject addresses the raja's feet, being unworthy to address the prince himself; paduka, literally means "shoe." paedah, = faedah. pagan, solid; sturdy; strongly built. pagar, a fence; a pallisading; a row of stakes or palings; p. anak, (1) the palings leading to an elephant corral; (2) a tree (ixonanthes obovata); bunga p., the common lantana (lantana camara). pageri, Hind. a scarf round a "topi," or hat. pagi, morning; in the morning; early. pagu, Mal. a celing; di-atas p., in the loft. pagut, the peck of a bird, the bite of a small fish or snake; to peck. paha, the thigh of a man; the ham of an animal; a quarter or fourth part; jantong pp, the fleshy part of the thigh; pangkal [ 179 1

PAHALA p., the upper portion of the thigh. pahala, Skr. profit, gain, advantage. paham, Ar. well-versed in, knowing well; salah p., misunderstanding. pahar, a large salver of metal resting on a stand or on legs. pahat, a chisel; carving with a chisel; p. jantan, a chisel with a narrow deep blade; p. kuku, a gouge; p. lebar, a chisel with a flat broad and shallow blade. pahit, bitter. pahlawan, Pers. leader in war; johan p., world-champion. pai, belum pai, not yet, - belum sampai. pals, fish cooked in banana leaves. palak, (Dutch) farm, monopoly; p. chandu, the opium farm; p. gadai, the pawnbroking farm; a pawnshop. pajar, = fajar. pajoh, gluttonous, guzzling, pak, father; = pa'. pakai, using or wearing anything; assuming, adopting, employing; memakai, to wear, to use; pakaian, clothes, garments. pakak, ulun pakak, a name given to a class of shells imported from Celebes (conus spp.). pakal, caulking. pakan, I. the woof; tirai yang berpakankan mas, curtains shot with gold. II. invulnerability caused by magical drugs. pakat, Ar. arrangement by conference; agreement; settlement; berpakat, to agree; to conspire to. Corrupted from muafakat. pakau, a cross-piece in a bucket or well. pakir, Ar. _ poor man; a mendicant; also fakir. PALKAj paksa, I. compulsion, force; memaksa, to compel. II. auspicious, lucky. paksi, I. Skr. a bird (expressed poetically). II. = paksa, II. paksina, Jav. the north; d a r i daksina datang ka - paksina, from the south to the north. paku, I. a spike, a nail; terpaku, nailed; firmly affixed to. II. a generic name for the fern filex, and for plants resembling it. pal, I. a tack (in sailing); berpal, to beat about, to tack. II. (Dutch) the Dutch "pole" as a measure of length. pala, I. Skr. buah pala, the nutmeg (mngristica fragrans); halwa p., nutmegs in syrup. II. pala-pala, genuinely, properly; sa-pala-pala, as thoroughly as possible. palam, to plug up, e.g., the mouth of a bottle, or the lower orifices of the body (abaimana) before burial. palang, position across or athwart; kayu p., the cross-bar on a buffalo's horns-cf. alang. palar, grasping (as a prince who expects rich presents). 'palas, a generic name for the fan - palms known as licualas (the leaves of which are used by Malays as cigarette-wrappers). palat, tahi palat, smegma. palau, a cicatrix or other mark facilitating identification. paldu, Hind. side-awning of ship. paling, bUrpaling, to look asidecf. palis. palis, turning away the head, e.g., as a modest girl when compliments are paid her-cf. paling. palit, memalit, to smudge or smear. palita, = pelita. palkah, Hind. the hatch of a ship. [ 180 ]

PALOH paloh, a hollow filled with stagnant water; a pool; Sel. a navigable channel. palong, a trough for watering or feeding animals. palsu, Port. false, forged, counterfeit (of money, notes, etc.). paltu, Hind. a deputy. palu, striking with a stick or bar or other rigid cylindrical body. palut, enwrapping, = balut. pamah, low-lying ground. paman, maternal uncle; a familiar form of address to persons a good deal older than oneself. pampang, stretching out before the eye; terpampang, extended. pamur, the damascening on a keris. pana, Ar. mortal, perishable; to die; also fana. panah, a bow; the use of a bow; (better anak p.) an arrow; bgrjalan p. baran, to stamp about a house; p. liang, a black wasp that lives in holes in the ground; panahan, archery; the shooting of arrows; memanah, to shoot with a bow. panas, heat, warm; p. hati, excited; hujan p., rain when the sun is shining; roman p., prickly-heat. danau, discoloured patches on the skin. pancha, Skr. five, multiple, varied; pancha-indera, the five senses; p. - logam, an alloy of several metals; p.-persada, a temporary structure for the celebration of a bathing - ceremony; p. - roba, uncertain, fickle, changeable; p. - rona, or p. - warna, of many colours; p. bichara, Pah. a fivepronged gold head - ornament (like a small flat fork) thrust into the kerchiefs of the ruler and his consort after they have PANDANG partaken of the nasi adap-adap, at installation; Pk. the lustration water used at installations. panchang, a pole, pile, or stake. panchapersada, Skt. see pancha. panchar, flowing out violently; gushing out; pouring out; kilat memanchar, the lightning flashing; tMrpanchar otak - nya, his brains gushed out. pancharoba, see pancha. pancharona, see pancha. panchawarna, see pancha. panehing, angling; to fish with hook and line; p. ikan, id. panchit, to ooze out; to gush forth in a thin stream. panchong, cutting off a projection; memanchong, to lop off, to *prune, to mutilate; panchongkan kepala, to behead. panchur, to flow (of water in pipes and conduits); flowing from the end of a pipe; panchuran ayer, a conduit. panchut, spouting or gushing out (of water). pandai, skilled; versed in; a craftsman; a mechanic; a skilled artificer; p. besi, a blacksmith; p. kayu, a carpenter; p. lukis, an engraver; p. mas, a goldsmith; kepandaian, learning, know - ledge, skill. pandak, short (in a limited number of expressions, the usual word being pendek); keris p., a short dagger. pandam, fixing jewellery in resin to keep it steady when worked at. pandan, a generic name given to the smaller screw - pines (pandanaceae), the leaves of which are used in making mats. pandang, memandang, gazing; to look fixedly at; seeing and observing (as opposed to merely [ 181 ]

PANDAWA glancing at); pandangan, observation, notice. Pandawa, = Pendawa. Pandir, pa' Pandir, the name of a legendary fool. pandita, = pendita. pandu, to guide, pilot; lead a dance. pangan, extensive tracts of forests; orang P., a name given to some aboriginal tribes. pangeran, = pngeran. panggal, chopping through; panggalkan, to cut through, to decapitate, to sever; panggal tiga, cut into three pieces. panggang, roasting, toasting; penmanggang, the roast. panggar, a scaffolding. panggau, a light raised frame. work used for drying fish-cf. panggar. panggil, panggilkan, to have a man summoned; to send for; memanggil, to summon. panggong, an erection on pillars; a stage; a raised flooring; p. wayang, the stage of a native theatre; seri p. the leading lady in a theatrical cast; the principal actress in a Malay play; dudok bgrsila panggong, to cross one leg over the other-cf. panggar and panggau. pangkah, I. the mark of a cross; a caste - mark. I I. Hind. a punkah. pangkal, beginning; commencement; first stage or initial portion of anything; p. bahu, the shoulder; p. lengan, the uroer arm; pangkalaii, a landing place; the point where a traveller leaves the sea for a land journey, or vice-versa. pangkas, to crop the ends of anything. pangkat, degree, rank, stage; PANTAK berpangkat - pangkat, in grades, in stages. pangking, Ch. a sleeping bed platform. pangkong, to pommel or pound with a heavy stick. pangku, holding between the breast and the fore- arm; fostering; pangkuan, the upper portion of the lap; memangkii, to hold to the breast; to nurture; pemangku, a regent; pemnangku raja, id. pangkur, an instrument for scraping sago out of the tree-trunk. panglima, = penglima. pangling, failing to recognise or notice; overlooking. pangsa, a carpel of a durian; a natural "slice" of an orange; a natural division in fruit. pangsi, the peg of a top. pangus, to spout, to blow (of a porpoise). panir, Pers. cheese. pania, (Pers.) Pen. the figure of a hand used at the Muharram. panjak, a drummer at a ma'yong. panjang, long, tall; umur p., long life; sa - panjang, all along; panjangkan, to lengthen. panjar, earnest-money; = chengkeram. panjat, to climb (tree - trunks, ropes, masts, etc., but not hills or ladders or walls or trees from bough to bough). panji, I. panji- panji, a pennon, a long streamer. II. Jav. an ancient Javanese military grade; Sira P. the nonm de guerre of the great Javanese hero Radin Ini Kerfapati, Prince or Kuripan. panjut, tipped with white (a lucky marking)-of an animal's tail, a creese's damask. pantai, a beach; the sea-shore. pantak, to drive nails, peg, etc. [ 182 1

PANTANG pantang, prohibited; forbidden; pantangkan, to forbid; p. pemali, or p. larangan, tabooed. pantas, swift, speedy; p. mulut, ready witted; saperti kilat pantas-nya, swift as lightning. pantat, the base, the fundament, the buttocks; the pudenda. pantau, memantau, to look up a person; to visit. pantek, striking together two hard substances; penmantek api, a flint and steel. panting, pontang-panting, topsyturvey, helter-skelter. pantis, to touch up (with colour or rouge). pantok, the combing on a Malay half-decked boat. pantul, pantul balek, to rebound -cf. antul. pantun, I. a quatrain, the first line of which rhymes with the third, and the second with the fourth; berpantun, to exfemporise a quatrain. II. sa-pantun, like, similar to; - saperti. panus, Ar. a candle-bracket, a lantern. papa, Skr. penniless, destitute; p. kelana, a pauper vagabond; p. kerma, a pauper by misfortune. papah, to totter along painfully and with support (as a sick or very aged man). papak, I. flat, even, without cavities or prominences. II. Jav. memapak, to receive, to welcome. III. = pepat. IV. crunching, mastication. papakerma, see papa. papan, a plank; a board; flooring; p. batu, a slate; p. chatur, a chess-board; p. mistar, a rulingboard; muka p., brazen-faced; tulang p., the lumnar vertebrae. papar, flat, smooth; the blunt PARI side; the back (as opposed to the edge) of a blade; the flat of a horn (as opposed to its point). papas, removing or taking offclothes, mats, kajang roofs, etc.; memapas khemah, to furl up a tent. para, I. a shelf, rack, attic or frame-work of any sort raised above the flooring; arang p. soot. II. a collective prefix in expressions - such as para-penggawa, III. Hind. sentry-go; orang p., a sentry; a constable on duty at a door. parah, severe deadly (of a wound). parak, Ar. separation, barrier (especially between the male and female guests at a wedding). param, param - param (or p&param), a medicinal ointment used after a confinement. parang, I. a chopper; nmemarang, chopping; cutting at; p. chandong, a cleaver (the handle and blade of which are in one piece); p. patting, a very sharp chopper. II. ikan parang - parang, a fish (pristis sp.)? parap, to strike hammer - wise with the side of the first; pemarap, the lower part of the fiSt. paras, I. appearance, looks (especially good looks). II. removing asperities; smoothing; memaras, to trim. III. Pah. as far as; p. paha, up to one's thigh. parau, harsh, hoarse of the voice, e.g., after much talking -cf. garau. parek, memareh, deal (cards); cast (lots); throw (dice). parek, porak-parek, helter-skelter (in confusion). pari, a generic name for fish of the skate and ray type; p. beting (trygon sp.); p. dann (trygon [ 183 ]

PARIT sephen); p. dedap (eurogymnus asperrimus); also p. k~likir; p. lalat (trygon uarnak); p. lang (aetobatis narinari); p. pauh (dicerobatis sp.); p. tandok (ceratoptera sp.); kikir p., a skate-skin grater; menikam p., to spear the ray; sengat p., the sting of the ray. parit, a trench, a moat, a ditch, a drain, a canal for drainage. paroh, I. the beak of a bird. II. sa-paroh, a half. parong, I. keris parong, a keris with an exceptional number of curves. II. pokok parong, a plant (dysoxylon cauliflorum). paru, I. the lungs; the gills of a fish. II. paru-paru, sweet fritters sold by street-hawkers. parut, I. a scar, a cicatrix. 1I. the process of rasping; mnrmarut, to rasp. parwah, Hind. (Singapore) care, anxiety. pasah, Ar. pasah nikah, to dissolve a marriage. pasak, I. a peg, nail, or wedge; pasakkan sepatu kuda, to shoe a horse; p. negeri, supporters of a country = good old families. II. mata pasak, blue or grey eyes. pasal, Ar. concerning; apa p.? why? p. itu, for that reason; therefore. Better fasal. pasang, I. pair; sa - pasang, a couple. II. the tidal flow; ayer p., the rising tide; penoh p., the full rush of the tide. III. sakit pasang- pasang, hydrocele. IV. putting into working order, motion, or use; to light (a lamp); to harness (a horse to a carriage); to fire (a cannon); to hoist (a flag). V. to be effective (of a blow); to penetrate or produce the intended result; PATAR kena p., hitting a vital spot or hitting "full." pasar, Pers. a bazaar; a marketplace; also pekan. pasek, wrong-headed; unwilling to behave properly (of a child) or to listen to reason (of an adult). pasiban, -= peseban. pasir, sand; the sands by a sea; the beach; p. panjang, a long stretch of sandy beach; galah p., a short pole for punting over shallows; qyu la p., sugar in minute grains; ibu p., coarsegrained sand; mas p., gold dust (better mas urai); kertas p., emery paper; rumput p., a common weed (adenostema viscosull ). pasmen, (Dutch) a kind of lacework; passementerie. pasok, a troop, a body of men, a company; pasokan, a troop; a team; a side in a game; a guncrew. pasong, stocks, shackles, fetters; pasongan, id.; rumah pasong, a police station; also (Pen. and Pk.) balai. paspa, = puspa. pasu, a basin or bowl; a flowerpot; a wash -pot; a tub; p. bunga, a flower-pot. patah, I. fractured, broken, snapping asunder (used of rigid objects only being broken); kayn p. tulang, a plant (euphorbia tirucalli or moesa ramentacea); patahan, a broken fragment; patahan bengkarong, cramp; minmatahkan, to break. II. a numeral coefficient for sayings, pieces of advice, etc.; tutuir sapatah, a single saying; pimatah a piece of warning or advice. patar, a wooden rasp. [ 184 ]

PATEK patek, "humble slave," a term of self-depreciation used as a pronoun of the first person when addressing a prince. pateri, Hind. solder. pati, I. Skr. a high officer of state; a term used as a component part of many old names and dignities, e.g., adipati. II. finest portion; "cream" of anything; p. santan, the milk first extracted from the coconut; next comes k a b a r (Mal.) or manchak (Pen.) and finally hampas. III. death-the old root of mati. patil, I. a small adze for roughly planing what has been roughhewn with a hatchet. Also k6 -patil. II. the feeler or antenna of an insect. patin, an edible fish (unid.). pating, I. a stone-hewer's chisel. II. a peg [used especially of pegs driven into a tree to facilitate climbing or into the gunwale of a boat so as to allow of a temporary gunwale (rubing) being affixed to them]. patoh, N.S. press, bend firmly, e.g., thatch on lathes or person's will. patok, the peck (of a bird); the bite (of a snake); mematok, to bite, to peck. patong, I. an image, a doll; wayang p., a puppet - show; umpama r., statuesque; ringgit p., the pillar- dollar. II. ikan patong, a fish (selundia sykesii). patut, right, fitting, proper suittable; ta' p., unfair, improper; mematutkan, to settle, to put right. pauh, I. a species of wild-mango; p. janggi, a tree (cocos Maldiva) fbelieved by Malays to grow in the centre of the great ocean upon a bank which represents PAWANG all that is left of a submerged continent]; buah p. janggi, a fruit (the shell of which is used as a beggar's bowl by Hindu mendicants); tasek p. janggi, the great ocean round the sunken bank above referred to; p. kijang, a large tree (irvingia Malayana); pauh-pauh, a name sometimes given to trees of the evodia class. II. a quarter; a quarter-chupak as a measure for milk. pauk, lauk-pauk, all kinds of food (other than rice)-v. lauk. paung, Port. bread (especially Chinese bread or native - made biscuits, the usual word for ordinary bread being roti). paus, the whale; also ikan paus. paut, drawing (anything) towards oneself; bringing round a boat by a pulling stroke of paddle; hauling in; to be drawn to anything; to. be attached, or attracted, or bound; birpaut, to cling to (as a drowning or struggling man clutches and clings). pawah, pay (especially according to profits or by piecework and not as a daily wage, upah). pawai, the suite or train of a raja; the followers in a bridal procession. pawang, a man who practises some primitive industry (such as hunting, fishing or agriculture) by the aid of the black art; a witch-doctor; a man who combines magic and skill in the exercise of his profession; p. belat, p. j6rmal. p. kelonq, and p. pukat, practitioners of magic in connection with various kinds of fishing: p. gaharit and p. kapur, collectors of scented woods and camphor; p. gajah, an elephant-trapper. [ 185 ]

PAYA paya, a swamp, a marsh, a morass. payah, difficult (of work); serious (of illness); hard, of times. payang, a large E.C. sea -going fishing- boat.or small trading - boat. payar,pgrahu payar, a small war — ship (such as a revenue-cutter or port-guard-ship). payau, brackish (of water); insipid, tasteless. payong, an umbrella; the head of a nail; shelter under a heavyfringed umbrella; p. ubur-ubur, a heavy-fringed unbrella; p. berapit, two small umbrellas borne side by side in the train of a prince; p. chetera, a canopy. payu, price, sale-price, precious; tiada tMrpayu, priceless, invaluable. pebean, see bea. pechah, broken into fragments; breaking open; breaking out; burst; breaking up; spreading (of news); p. perang, the breaking of a line of battle; p. peloh, breaking out into perspiration; p. khabar, the news spread; pechahkan or mnemechohkan, to break anything up. pechak, crushed flat or sunken in (of roundish objects). pechakari, Hind. a syringe. pechat, to remove from office; to get rid of; to dismiss; to deprive; di - pechalkan Allah makanan-mu, may God deprive you of food. pechut, a whip; whipping on. p~da, preserved fish, - budu. pedada, a tree (sonneratia acida); also b&rembang. pedah, a hint, a suggestion, a premonition. pedaka, Skr. a collar ornamented with pendants. pedal, the gizzard. P"GI pedang, a sword; a scythe; p. kerajaan, a sword of state; pedangkan, to sabre, to mow with a scythe. pedap, suck up moisture, absorb; kertas p., blotting-paper. pedar, rancid (of taste). pedas, pungent (of taste); biting. pedati, a wheeled vehicle; a car or waggon of any sort; p. meriam, a gun-carriage; p. kerbau, a buffalo-cart. pedeh, smarting (in the eyes, or nose, or of a wound); hati p., feeling angry. pedena, a large wide-mouthed jar or tub (usually of earthenware). pededang, I. kain pedendang, braid. II. burong pedendang, a bird (heliopais personata) - cf. dendang. pedewakan, a Bugis trading ship. pediah, Ar. a fine; = diat. pedoman, a compass. pedukang, a fish (unid.). peduli, Ar. to care, to concern oneself; sahaya tiada p., I do not care. Better feduli. pedur, lame from a bent shinbone. pegaga, = penggaga. pegan, terpegan, silent in meditation; also terpegun. pegang, hold, grasp, control; dipegang-nya tangan, his hand was grasped; kata tidak dipegang-nya, he does not keep to his promises; pegangan, hold, control, occupation; berpegang, attached to, holding to; mem&gang, to hold, to grasp. pegar, ayam pegar, the fireback pheasant (lophura rufa). pegas, to beat its wings (of a bird). pegawai, an officer or government agent. pgi, = pergi. [ 186 ]

PfGUN pegun, terpegun, silent in meditation also terpegan. pehak, = pihak. pehala, - pahala. pejal, firm (of flesh); not easily pressed or pinched. pejam, closing the eye. pejar, Pah. incessant of rain. pejlra, the sighting - bead of a gun. peka, noticing, regarding, attaching importance to. pekacha, ratna pechaka, a term of endearment; = gem of purity? pekak, hard of hearing, deaf. pekaka, a generic name for kingfishers, and also (pekaka hutan or p. rimba) for barbets. [The kingfisher is also called r a j a udang in the south.] pekakas, - perkakas. pekan, I. a market; town; bunga p., a flower (jasminum grandiflorum). II. = pegan. pekasam, a strong-smelling preserve of fish. pekat, sticky and thick (of liquids); strong (of coffee). pekau, a (meaningless) cry of excitement. pekek, a shrill cry or scream; jerit p., screams and shrieks; menimekek, to scream out. pekerti, Skr. nature, character; budi p., id., especially of good disposition. pekin, pondering; puzzling a thing out cf. pekan II, or pegan. pekok, twisted (of a arm). pekong, a syphilitic ulcer. pekong, Ch. a joss. pekur, terpekur, - tefekur, q.v. pelabur, see labur. pelaga, buah pelaga, the cardamom (amomum cardamomum). pelahap, gluttonous, voracious. PtLItKAT pelamin, see lamin. pelampong, a floating mark; the floats of a net; a float marking the position of an anchor. pelana, Pers. a saddle; alas p., a saddle-cloth; a numnah. pelanchar, a joist or cross-beam joining together the foundationpillars of a house. pelandok, the smaller chevrotin (tragulus kanchil); mata p., a small shrub (ardisia crenata). pelang, stripe, of colours; bendera berpelang tiga, a tricolour. palang, a native galley or barge. pelangi, a rainbow. pelangking, Hind. a palanquin. pelantar, flooring, staging. pelantek, see lantek. pelanting, berpelantingan, rolling over and over, falling and rebounding. pelasari, a medicinal shrub (alyxia stellata). pelasoh, a ne'er - do - weel, a worthless idler. pelat, a baby's peculiarities of intonation. pelata, ikan pelata, a fish(unid.). pelatok, a generic name for wood-peckers; also belatok. pelawas, akar pelawas, a plant (calycopteris floribunda). pelbagai, varied, of different sorts-cf. bagai. pelebaya, an executioner; =pertanda. pelecha, Pah. to take notice of. pelecheh, wheedling, cozening with fair words. pelechok, a strain caused by a false step. pelek, I. curious; out of the common; valuable; barang yang p., curios. II. lacking in breeding; deficient in character. pelekat, I. (Dutch), a placard. II. to caulk a ship. [ 187 ]

PeLEKAT Pelekat, kain PSlekat, an Indian cotton fabric from Palikat. plekoh, I. bowed or bent (of neck). II.. a term of abuse, pe6lmbaya, -= pelbaya.. pelempap, sa-pclempap, a hand'sbreadth (as a unit of measurement), also sa-telmpap. pelenchet, terpelenchet, forced out by pressure (as matter from a boil). pelepah, a frond; the branch-leaf of the trees of the palm type. peler, = palir. pleset, gumming on; sticking on. pelesit, a familiar spirit, believed to be in the form of a cricket. pelet, accent; brogue. poleting, buloh p., a weaver's spool. pelias, see lias. p6lihara, Skr. cherishing; bringing up; protecting; guarding; mnmNliharakan, to nurture, to look after. pelinggam, marble or stone the veining of which offers a contrast of colour with the rest. plipir, Pah. a kitchen. pelipis, the temples of the forehead; also pelipisan. pelir, batang pelir, the penis; buah p., the testes; p. itek, a screw. p^lIta, Pers. a lamp. peloh, perspiration, sweat, evaporation on glass; b~rpeloh, to perspire; pechah pgloh, to burst into a perspiration. pelohong, gaping open. pelok, bgrpelok memglok, or p.lokkan, to embrace; sa - pe - mclok, an armful; as much as the arms can encompass. pWlonq, Pen. a small dug-out used in fishing with pukat. pelong, bent, warped. PENCHANT peluang, still, calm (of wind and weather); leisure, opportunity. pelupoh,to hammer out, e.g., bamboos; to flatten under a beating. pelupok, pelupok mata, the eyelid; kelopak mata. peluru, Port. shot, bullets, cannon-balls; p. besi lantai, cylindrical shot; p. bolang - baling, chain shot; p. jantong, shot with a cylindrical body but rounded or pointed at the end. p6majangan, a state-bed (especially a bridal couch). pemalam, to fill up a crack or crevice by pushing cloth or paper into it with a knife. p6malap, to lower a wick to lessen a flame. p&mali, forbidden, tabooed; pantang p., id. pematang, a long stretch of high sandy soil in a rice-swamp or on a shore, a "hog's back"; see also matang. pemendak, =- pendongkok. pemidang, a frame for embroidery. pemuras, a blunderbuss. p6naga, a generic name for a number of trees (especially calophyllum inophyllum). p6nah, = pernah. p6naka, so to speak; as it were; if by any chance. penakan,=peranakan from anak. penanggah, see tanggah. penaram, Malay pastry containing meat or prawns. p6nat, weary, exhausted, fatigued. p6nchak, a sword-dance; silat p., id.; memgnchak, to dance this dance (fencing with an imaginary opponent). penchalang, a sea-going type of ship used by Bugis traders. penchang, = pinchang. [ 188 1

PtNCHIL penchil, detach, separating from the main body; terpenchil, separated, detached. penchong, out of line; swerved; crooked. penda, amending, improving. pendahan, a javelin; a dart hurled by hand. pendam, terpendam, concealed, pendap, I. a plant (unid.). II. ikan pendap, fish preserved in salt. pendar, phosphorescence in the sea; the glow of a firefly or luminous millipede. Pendawa, Skr. a hero of the Mahabharata; any one of the five sons of Pandu; a pattern of sword named after these heroes. pendek, short; panjang p., tall and short; berkerja pan jang p., to work intermittently-cf. pandak. pendekar, (Malayalam) a master of fence; a champion; a leader of a charge. pendiat, a corral for elephants. pending, a waist-buckle; tali p., a girdle for use with a buckle. pendita, Skr. a sage; a learned man. Better pandita. pendok, a wrapper of thin metal half way up the sheath of a keris. pendomah, see domah. pendongkok, a metal ferrule between the blade and handle of a keris. pengalan, N.S. a long pole for knocking fruit off the tree. p~ngampoh, = pengapoh. penganan, a cake; a sweetmeat. pengantin, I. a party to a marriage; a bride or bridegroom; senapang p., a double-barrelled gun. II. the player of the viol (ribab) as a na'yong performance. PNNJARA pengap, cover up; seal from in.trusion; hermetically closing. pengapoh, layar pengapoh, a topsail or top-gallant-sail. pengar, heavy-witted (as a drugged man). pengat, a sweetmeat made of fruit cooked in coconut milk and sugar. pengawinan, tombak, pengawinan, a spear of state. P6ngeran, a title of nobility in use in Java and Borneo. pengereh, a fish - trap of the lukah type. pengerek, awl. Also sengerek. penget, = — pingit. pengga, deep (of a bowl or dish), penggaga, a creeping herb (hydrocotyle Asiatica). penggalI broken, of the handle of pieces of crockery. penggawa, an officer in charge of a district. penghulu, I. a headman; a local chief. Also used of Muhammad as the head of Islam. II. Kel. an advocate, lawyer. pengkalan, =- pangkalan; see pangkal. pengkar, bow-legged. penglima, an executive officer; a leader in war. Also panglima. pengsan, swooning; fainting. pengulu, = penghulu. peniat, =- pendiat. pening, dizzy; faint; p. kepala, suffering from vertigo; p. kelam, id. peninggir, the confines of a country; the outlying portions-cf. pinggir. peniti, Port. a pin. penlajap, an ancient Malay type of fighting-ship. pOnjara, Skr, prison; penjarakan or mempgnjarakan, to imprison; terpenjara, imprisoned. [ 189 ]

PtNJUL penjul, Pen. balance in small change. penjurit, Jay. a warrior; a plunderer; a robber; see jurit. pOnjuru, an angle, a corner. penoh, full; p. sesak or p. pepak, chock-full; crowded; penohi or memenohi, to fill up; to complete; to accomplish; to fulfil; dengan sa- penoh - pnoh, with full; with all; with every. penongkok, Pk.- pendongkok. penta, berpenta-penta, in crowds, in groups, in quantities. pentas, a sleeping platform. penting, penting-penting, clearly (heard). penting, to test a coin by chinking. pentong, to club or cudgel. penyap, hidden, vanished, out of sight-cf. lenyap. penyengat, see sengat. penyet, Pen. pug ot a nose. penyu, the green turtle (chelone mydas). peon, Hind. from Port. an orderly, a messenger. pepah, striking with a stick or pole. pepak, I. complete; in full; fully attended; in full state; penoh p., quite full; chock - full. II. papak IV. pepaku, burong pepaku, a bird (sarcogrammus atrinuchalis). peparam, see param. peparu, = paru-paru. pepat, smooth of surface. pepatur, the extreme outer plank on which a roof rests. pepatil, = patil. peper, edging sideways; to be driven,aside as a boat with a heavy sea on its beam. pepuah, frizzled (of the hair). pepuyu, = puyu-piiuyu. perabu, = pgrbu. PtRANG perada, Port. gold or silver leaf cut into patterns; tinsel; gold plate. perah, I. to express; wring out; to milk; kambing perahan, a milch-goat; perahkan, to press out. II. a large forest tree (elateriospermum Tapos). perahu, a boat or ship; awak p., or an a k p., the crew; g a I a n g p., the rollers on which a boat rests when hauled ashore; tupai galang p., a descriptive name given to Raffles' squirrel (sciurus rafflesi). perai, I. berperai-perai, breaking up (of a crowd); scattering-cf. berai. II. kain perai, a black silk cloth of Siamese origin. III. turning about, from one side to another; membuang p., to tack. perak, silver. perak, a nervous start; a hasty glance to right and left; perak siang, day-break. peraksi, see raksi. peram, I. storing fruit while still unripe with a view to its ripening in the store; berperam, fermented. II. memeram, to coo. perambut, invulnerability against weapons. peran, I. a clown in a ma'yong. II. roof-loft. peranchah, the wooden framework of a house. Peranchis, Port. French. peranchit, to splash up in all directions (as water or mud when a stone is dashed into it). peranda, porak-peranda, helterskelter; in confusion. perang, war, battle; ikat p., the line of battle; penglima p., a leader in war; gendang p., a war-drum; berperang, to go to war; to be at war; peperangan, a state of war. [ 190 ]

PERANG perang, perang-perus, very pale; very wan. perangai, nature; disposition; innate character. peranggu, sa-perangguan, a set, e.g., of buttons; a suit (of clothes). perangkap, a cage-trap for birds or mice. peranja, a scaffolding in successive tiers; the seating arrangements in an amphitheatre; a dove-cote or pigeon-house. peranjat, terperanjat, startled; suddenly alarmed. perap, to fly at an enemy (of a fowl); to be touchy (of a disposition); to be anxious to always have the last word (of women). perap, to quicken the stroke when rowing. peras (onom.), peras-peras, rustling, of garments or of paper. perat, acrid, sour; terong p., a small brinjal (solanum aculeatissimum). perata, Hind. roti p., unleavened bread of flour and ghee. perawan, a maiden. perawas, a medicinal plant (lindera sp.). perawis, ingredients, factors, materials. perba, Skr. ancient, former; p. kala, days of old; also purba. perbani, extreme of the tide; at its highest or lowest point. perbu, Jav. a prince; p. jaya, the conquering prince (Panji). percha, (Hind. from Pers.) I. a rag; a piece of cloth. II. Pulaii P., Sumatra. perchaya, Skt. trusting; believing in; harap ada, p~rchaya tidak, there is ground for hope but not for confident expectation; perchaya dengan tiada di - chuba, PtiRGAM trust without testing; faith; keperchayaan, trust; trusty; orang yang keperchayaan, a man who can be trusted. perchit, squirting out (of water). perdah, I. the handle of a chopper or hatchet. II. N.S. large adze for planing; sanggul p., the socket for the tang of the adze. III. Hind. an awning, screen. perdana, Skr. surpassing; excelling; supreme in merit; p. manteri, prime minister. perdu, the base of a tree-trunk; the visible part of the root. peregar, Pat. the serow. perduli, = peduli. pereh, worn out by a struggle or sustained effort; exhausted (as a fighting cock or fencer). perekat, lime, mortar, gum, cement, glue; any sticky compound for holding materials together-cf. lekat. pereksa, Skr. investigation; enquiry; pereksai, to enquire into, to examine; pepereksaan, an examination. pereli, (Tam.) Pen. to tease, deceive. perempuan, a woman. pereng, a repulsive smell. perenggan, a boundary; = perhinggaan. perentah, government sway; command; datang - lah p., an order came; p. Inggeris, British rule; memerentah, to govern; pemerentah, a governor, a ruler. perepat, a tree (unid.) closely resembling sonneratia acida: p. bukit (cupania lessertiana). peret, I. tingling, as when a hair is pulled out. II. = pereng. pergam, the well - known large wood-pigeons (carpophaga wrnea and c. badia). [ 191 ]

PRCIG pergi, to proceeed; to go; pergilah ia ka-Riau, he went to Riau. pergul, (Dutch) gilt; gilding. peri, I. Pers. a fairy; dewa shah peri, the king of the fairies; dewa peri mambang, fairies of all sorts, i.e., Indian, Persian, Indonesian. II. way, manner; p. hal, matters, details, circumstances. peria, a cultivated pumpkin with a proverbiaily bitter taste (momordica charantia). periai Jav. a minor noble; a local notable perian, I. N.S. a section of a large bamboo used as a water-vessel. II. Pah. the monkey-jack fruit= temponek. periang, the proper moment for doing anything; the most auspicious time. peridi, Skt. prolific; fast growing; fertile. perigi, a well, a spring. pOrindun, a brood (of chickens). PMringgi, Pers. Frank, European, Portuguese. p6riok, a cooking-pot; p. api, a bomb-shell; a hand-grenade; p. kera, the pitcher-plant (nepenthes). perisa, nice, delicious. perisai, a shield, a buckler. perkakas, instrument; machine; appliance; p. chap, apparatus for printing; p. pgrang, war - material. pErkara, Skr. a matter; an affair; a concern; habis-lah p., there is an end of the business. perkasa, Skr. brave; gallant; variant. pgrkasam, = pekasam. perkutut, Jav. the dove; -= tkukur. perlahan, slowly, quietly; berkata dengan p., to speak quietly; PlRSiTUA berjalan dengan p., to move slowly. perlang, glittering, flashing. p/rlenteh, = lenteh. perlu, Ar. compulsory; obligatory. perlus, teperlus, putting one's foot into a hole or place where the soil gives way. permadani, Jav. a rug. permai, I. fair, pretty, lovely, beautiful. II. = permaisuri. permaisuri, Skr. a queen. perman, Ar. a command (of God); the word of God; p. Allah taala di-dalam Kuran, the word of God revealed in the Koran. Better firman. permana, Skr. tiada tepermanai lagi, innumerable, incalculable. permata, Skr. a gem; a precious stone. permatang, see matang. permisi, (Dutch) a permit, a pass. pernah, ever; belum p. or tiada p., never. pernama, Skr. full of the moon; a full moon as a measure of time; a month. perni, a bowl for gold-fish. perohong, gaping, wide open. p~rok, putting aside carelessly; stowing casually. peronyok, to crumple up (paper or stiff cloth) in the hand; terperonyok, crumpled, ruffled. perosok, to thrust into; to be thrust into; to stumble into; barang siapa menggali lobang, ia juga terperosok ka - dalam - nya, whoso diggeth a pit, the same shall fall into it. persada, Skt. see pancha. persangga, Pers. a parasang as a measure of length. perseh, clean, clear, pure, bright, frank-cf. b-rseh. persetUa, Skr. sa-kali persetan, [ 192 ]

PEiRTAMA "once upon a time"-a common exordium to a story. pertama, Skr. first; yang p., the first. Pertewi, Skr. the earth (deified); Dewi P., id. peruan, Hind. the yard of a ship. peruang, ilmu peruang, a magic art to protect oneself from drowning by creating an aircavity around one-cf. ruang. perul, crumbling (as earth or rotten wood). perum, Hind. from Port. the sounding-lead. perun, memerun, lopping up and burning cleared jungle. perunggu, bell-metal. perunjong, a measure of depth; the length of a man with arms raised as far above his head as possible. perupok, a plant (hemigyrosa longifolia). perus, gruff, unfriendly. perus, perang-perus, very pale, wan. perusah, headstrong, wilful, domineering. p~rut, the stomach; the womb; bawa p., to cadge for a meal. p'rwara, Skr. the damsels of a court (spoken of collectively); the retinue of a princess. perwira, Skr. a hero; a warrior; heroic. pesa, a roller or rod on which cloth is wound up as it is woven. pesah, = pisah. pesai, berpesai-pesai, crumbling (as the mortar on an old wall). pesak, a gore; a piece of cloth let in on purpose in making a garment. pesaka, heirloom; family property (especially quasi-entailed property); adat p., Malay custo PtITA mary law regulating succession; also pusaka. pesam, pesam-pesam, warm. pesan, I. order, command, direction; pesani, to give instructions; berpesan, to commission a person, order a thing. II. pesan - psan (poecilotheria) a large and venomous spider. pesara, Pers. bazaar = pasar. pesawat, an instrument; a machine; a tool; p. berjentera, machinery. peseban, a broad gangway round the seri balai. pesiar, = bersiar-v. siar. pesing (onom.), whizzing, of a projectile through the air. pesirah, a district official (in Palembang). pesok, p e r f o r a t e d; broken through; knocked in; pesokpesok, full of holes. pesona, Pers. a spell; a magical incantation; the effects of a spell; witchcraft. pesong, terpesong, altered (of a course); changed, of direction in motion; breaking, of the direction of a ball. pespa, = puspa. pesta, Port. a festival; a celebration; p. menari, a ball, a dance. pestaka, I. Skr. a book of divination or sorcery; the black art; injury as the result of the black art; mala p., evil from hostile sorcerers or malignant supernatural powers. II. Pk. balai p., a throne room or hall of audience. pesti, certain, sure, positive; khabar yang p., reliable news. peta, a plan, map, sketch, drawing or design; petakan, to make a picture or sketch-plan of anything. [ 193 ]

PtTAI petai, a tree yielding a pod which is very offensive in smell (parkia biglandulosa, p. Roxburghii); p. belalang (pithecolo - bium microcarpum); p. laut (desmodium umbellatum). petak, a square compartment; a division of a padi field; a locker in a boat; the hold in a ship. petaka, - pestaka. petala, Skr. a fold; layer; a stratum. petaling, a tree yielding a good timber (ochanostachys amentacea).;petam, a frontlet or browband worn by a bride. petang, evening, afternoon; p. hari, late in the day. petar, taking a true aim; training a gun on to anything. petaram, a small knife..petarang, pukat petarang, a deepsea net used on the east coast of the Peninsula. petas, I. Hind. crackers, noisy fireworks. II. beras petas, all kinds of rice; stores generally. petek, memetek, to pluck, to pick, to play on a stringed instrument, to bleed surgically. petenah, Ar. calumny, slander; also fitnah. peterah, = fitrah. ptterana, Skr. a seat near the throne (used by princes of the blood); the seat of the bride and bridegroom at a Malay wedding. peteras, Tam. tunjok peteras, to "put on side," behave in a conceited way. peterum, ubat peterum, powder in packages or cartridges for use with artillery. peti, Tam. a box, a case, a chest. p/ting, jerk with the thumb and finger. PICHEK petir, a clap of thunder; thunder; bunyi p., the sound of thunder. petola, Skr. a generic name given to a class of pumpkins; also ketola; p. hutan (luffa acutangula); p. manis (luffa cylindrica); p. ular (trichosanthes anguina). petua, Ar. a precept; a traditional rule; an authoritative ruling; advice by one who knows. petur, Port. a factor, a minor official. petutu, a tree (hibiscus floccosus). pi, main pi, to gamble on credit, an account being kept for settlement. piah, a very small coin. piak, a quid of betel-leaf; a fold; a strip. pial, the wattles on the comb of a cock. piala, Pers. a cup or goblet; a phial. pialang, buying on credit. pialing, a bird (unid.). piama, Ked. the rainy season. piang, I. mother (in Boyanese). II. a preparation of pulut rice. pianggang, a green bug destructive to the crops. pianggu, a tree yielding a red fruit (clerodendron nutans). piantan, opportune of time for planting, for one's fortunes. piara, pelihara. piarit, a fish-spear with a double barb. pias, I. a strip (of a sail). II. a fish (Chatoessus spp.). piat, I. twisted, oblique, out of line. II. a remote descendant. piatu, desolate; having no relatives; anak p., an orphan. pichek, narrow, confined, limited in means or money; kepichekan, straitened circumstances. [ 194 ]

pichit, memichit, to pinch; pressure between finger and thumb. pichu, the trigger of a gun. pihak, side; p. kepala, the side of the head; p. ugama, on the side of religion; in the matter of faith. pijak, memijak, to step on, tread on. pijar, a resinous substance used by goldsmiths in their work. pijat, a bed-bug. pikat, I. a horse-fly. II. memikat, to snare birds; pemikat, a fowler. pikau, iterpikau, confused; dull from sleep; burong p., the bluebreasted quail (excalfactoria chinensis). pikir, Ar. to think; pikiran, consideration; berpikir, to ponder; to meditate. Better fikir. pikul, to carry a load on the shoulder; to lift a heavy weight; to weigh; a weight equal to 133t pounds; mnmikul, to carry. pilau, a ship of a type now obsolete. pileh, to select; pilehan, choice; orang pilehan, picked men. pilli, pili ager, a water-tap. pilin, twining; plaiting; making a rope of several strands. pills, a mark traced on the forehead as a protection against evil spirits. pilu, sympathy, sensibility melancholy, regret; memberi p., to inspire tenderness. pimpin, to lead by the hand, conducting, guiding; pemimpin, a guide. pina, siput pina-pina, a shell (pinna)? pinak, anak pinak, descendants, family. pinang, the areca-nut (areca catechu); the use of the areca-nut in PINTANG a proposal of marriage; p. muda, a pimp; p. raja, the red-stemmed palm (cyrtostachys lacca); pinangkan, to betroth one's daughter; meminang, to ask in marriage; berpinang, betrothed. pinchang, pinchang-pinchut, zigzag, irregular. pinchok, slicing sour fruits and vegetables and cooking them in sugar. pinchut, pinchang - pinchut, zigzag, irregular. pindah, transition, movement from one place to another; transference; pindahkan, to transfer; berpindah, to move. pindang, fish cooked with a piquante sauce containing asam gelugur and other ingredients. pinggan, Hind. from Pers. a plate. pinggang, waist; middle of the body; amidships; p. ramping, a slender waist; p. genting, wasp-waisted; ikat p. or tali p., a girdle; peminggang, the midmost portion; dayong peminggang, the oars amid-ships. pinggir, edge; border, boundary, limit; pinggiran negeri, frontier. pingit, confine to the house; keep under lock and key; terpingit, jealously shut up. pinjam, a transaction of the nature of loan; borrowing, lending; pinjaman, a loan; beri pinjam, giving in loan; lending; minta pinjam, borrowing; meminjam or pinjamkan, to borrow. pinta, to apply for; requesting; pintai, id.; also minta. pintal, twining (as in making rope); awan p., a rope -like spiral pattern. pintang, hilang pintang, lost for ever; altogether gone; wholly disappeared. [ 195 ]

PINTAR pintar, Bat. clever, wily, sharp. pintas, to cut across; taking a short cut; intercepting by cutting across. pintu, a door; a gate; an entrance; di-muka p., in front of the gate; penunggu p., a porter; p. ambang, a light screen-door not touching the ground; p. ayer, a water-gate; p. gerbang, a main-gate or door; p. kambi, a light screen - door reaching down to the ground; p. lawang, an outer gate; p. maling, a sidedoor or back -door p. mati, a door nailed up or permanently closed; jgnang p., the door - posts. pioh, terpioh, knotted (of roots or branches); involved or complicated (of a business). pipa, Eur. a barrel. pipeh, flat; chaching p., the tapeworm. pipi, the cheek; kedua p., both cheeks; merahkan p., to rouge the cheeks. pipis, pound between two hard substances; mash; grind currystuff with a heavy pounder or roller. pipit, a generic name for small sparrows and finches; fig., a child's penis. pirai, prnyakit pirai, a rheumatic or gouty complaint causing pain in the joints. pirasat, Ar. a horoscope; astrological or magical fore - knowledge; also firasat. pirek, to crush small; to grind to atoms. piring, saucer. piru, (Hind.) Pen. ayam p., guinea-fowl. pirus, Pers. pgrmata pirus, a turquoise. pisah, put asunder; severing; PISTAKA divorcing; berpisah, to be separated. pisang, a banana (musa sapientum), names of varieties are p. abu, p. anak lebah, p. awak or p. Siam, p. ayam, p. tembatu or p. Benggala, p. bakar, p. berangan, p. Boyan, p. bunga, p. chekek laki, p. jari buaya, p. kapas p. kapok, p. kelat, p. lang, p. lemak manis, p. lidi, p. embun, p. mas, p. masak hijau, p. minyak, p. nangka, p. nipah, p. pinang, p. pendek, p. raja, p. raja talun, p. rastali, p. sa-ribu, p. serendah, p. susu, p. tandok, p. udang; p. karok, the wild banana (musa Malaccensis); p.pisang, (1) a generic name given to a number of wild anonaceous plants (especially uvaria purpurea), (2) rubbing strakes. Beronok p., a sea-worm (colochyrus anceps); gamat p., a seaworm ( stichopus variegatus ); ikan buntal p., a fish (tetrodon lunaris); jantong p., the blossom of the banana; katak p., a frog with great leaping-powers (rana erythrea or rhacophorus leucomystax); sa-perpisang, as much time as it takes to eat a banana. pisau, a generic name for knives of all sorts; p. chukur, p. penchukur, or penyukur, a razor; p. daun padi, a lancet; p. lidah aygam, an office - knife (with a small blade which does not fold); p. lidah ayam lipat, a penknife; also p. lipat; p. raut, a small paring knife; mata p., the blade of a knife; punggong p., the blunt side of a knifeblade. pisit, pisit-pisit7 ask persistently. piskal, (Dutch) a procuratorfiscal. pistaka, = p~staka. [ 196 ]

PITA pita, Port. tape, ribbon. pitah, eloquent, soft-spoken, gracious. pitam, a rush of blood to the head causing dizziness. pitis, a very small denomination of coin something like a Chinese cash. pitu, seven; a rare equivalent of tujoh. piut, a descendant in the fourth or fifth generations. piutang, credit, assets. po, Ch. a sort of die-box used by Chinese gamblers; main po, to gamble by guessing at the position of the hidden die. podak, pandan podak, the plant pandanus inermis. podi, Tam. the dust of gems; very small gems mounted in large numbers to make a glittering show. pohon, I. a tree; p. kayu, id.; p. kelapa, a coconut tree. II. pulang pohon, the first anniversary of a death, dua kali pulang pohon, the second do. III. pohonkan or memohonkan, to apply for (anything); bermohon, to ask leave to depart-cf. mohon. pokah, to become bent; to give way; orang p., a broken-down wastrel. pokeri, Telegu (Penang) a blackguard. pokok, a tree, a bush, a plant; the nucleus of a storm; the capital for working an undertaking; the butt of a counterfoil book; p. kelapa, a coconut tree; p. angin, a gathering cloud presaging wind; p. ribut, a stormcloud. polan, Ar. si-polan, so-and-so. polls, Eng. a police court. PUADAI polok, to swallow a large mouthful. polong, a familiar spirit. pompa, (Dutch) a pump, spout, or hose; = bomba. pompang, an anchored purse-net; also called gombang China. pondok, a shed; a lean to; a temporary shelter; kepala p., (Singapore) a Boyanese headman. pondong, I. carry in the folds of a scarf slung over the back. II. N.S. = pondok. ponen, Tam. (Penang) impotent. pong, buloh p., a toy, the paper membrane of which bursts with a bang under air-pressure. pongkis, a shallow rubbish-basket. pongsu, a hillock or mound; an anthill-cf. busut; merak p., the peacock-pheasant (polyplectrum bicalcaratum). ponok, Pah. a hump on cattle. pontang, pontang-panting, topsyturvy; helter-skelter; scattered about. pontoh, Jav. armlet = puntoh. pontianak, = puntianak. porak, porak - parek, helter-skelter; in confusion; p. peranda, id. porok, a game resembling quoits. poros, the vertex of a cone; the top of a mast; the point of a spear. pos, buah p., Riau, the testes. po'ta, matchless; excellent. potong, cut off; a piece cut off; sa-potong tanah, a piece of land; memotong, to cut off. poyang, a Sumatran word sometimes meaning "ancestor"-(cf. moyang)7; and sometimes a magician ( = pawang). puadai, Tam. cloth laid down for a procession to pass over. [ 197 ]

PUAK puak, an assembly, a troop; berpudk, to gather together. puaka, (? cf. Maori puaka= (1) a pig, (2) an evil spirit) a spirit of the earth; a genius loci. pualam, Tam. marble. puan, I. a large metal or wooden caddy for betel requisites, smaller at top than bottom. II. = perempuan (in certain titles). puar, p okok p u ar, a plant (amomum cardamomum). puar, berpuar, to perform a mock combat to drive evil spirits from rice-fields. puas, satisfied, sated; p. hati, id. puasa, Skr. a fast; fasting; bulan P., the fasting-month Ramadzan. puchat, pale; p. lesi, pale through anxemia; p. perang, pale - red; the pallor of a dark skin; p. pudar, pale and tired-looking. puchok, a sprouting branch; a shoot; p. api, a darting point of flame; p. rebong, (1) the edible young shoots of the bamboo; (2) chevrons (in art); ular p., the common green tree-snake (dryophis prasinus). puchong, a generic name given to bitterns, e.g., to dupetor flavicollis, ardetta cinnamomea, ardetta sinensis and butorides javanica. pudak, = podak. pudar, faded, dim, "washed out"; puchat p., pale and tired-looking. pudat, stowing or stuffing away anything in a careless manner. pudi, = podi. puding, the garden croton (codiwum variegatum); p. hutan (tabernsemontana Malaccensis). pugar, repair, restore, renew, doup. puih, reput puih, crumbling to pieces; rotting. pula, Skr. prayer, adoration; memuja, to adore, address prayers PULANOG to-used of Hindu rites and of the prayers to spirits of the jungle, and not of service in a mosque. pull, praise; laudation; pujipujian, praises, the complimentary phrases at the beginning of a letter; memuji, to praise; to declare praiseworthy; tfrpuji belauded. pujok, coaxing, flattery; pujok --- kan or memujok, to coax, to flatter; also bujok. pukal, a lump or clod of anything; keris sa - p., a straightbladed keris. pukang, the fork; the junction of the lower limbs; lintang p., sprawling. pukas, berpukas or berpukas - pukasan, in a state of nudity, as bathers. pukat, a generic name for large nets (especially drift - nets and seines); p. tarek, the common seine; p. hangut, the common drift-net. pukau, a narcotic (used by thieves to drug their victims to sleep). puki, the female genitals. pukul, memukul, beat, strike, knock, hammer; p. lima, five o'clock; p. chap, printing; p. ladam, to shoe a horse. pula, also; likewise; again; too; furthermore; demikian p., and so once more; siapa p.? who then? mengapa p.? why then? pulaga, = pelaga. pulai, a large tree ( a I stonia scholaris). pulan, crisp (of well-cooked rice). pulang, return to the point of original departure, e.g., to one's country, to one's home, etc.; penyakit-ku pulang-lah, my illness returned; berjalan p., to. return. [' 1i98 ]

PULAS pulas, twist, wring, wringing out; p. leher, to wring the neck; mnmulas, to twist (used of griping pains in the stomach); p&e mulas, a twister, a screw-driver. pulasan, I. a fruit-closely resembling the rambutan (nephelium mutabile). II. the Malay weasel (putorius nudipes). pulasari, - pelasari. pulau, I. an island; an isolated piece of rising ground in a sea, river, swamp or rice-field; pulaukan, to boycott, isolate. II. nasi pulau, pillau rice. puleh, return, revival, renewal, reaction; pulang p., to be restored to an original state; simpul p., fastening which is easily undone; pulehkan, to bring back; to restore. puloh, a group of ten; sa-p., ten; dua p., twenty. pulun, gathering up in folds; bgrpullhmn-pulun, gathered up on one side (of a sarong). pulur, = empulur. pulut, adhesive, sticky; glutinous varieties of rice; a generic name for cakes made out of glutinous rice; pulut-pulut, a generic name given to a number of plants, e.g., mallotus spp. and urena lobata. pumpun, a harmless sea-millipede much used as bait. pun, an inseparable particle suffixed to a word that it is intended to emphasise; itu pun, that also; sa-kali pun, yet; ada pun, now-introducing a parenthesis; ia pun pergi, he too went. punah, habis-lah punah, utterly destroyed - a strong form a habis. punai, a generic name for many green pigeons; burong p., the common green pigeon (osmotreron vernans); p. daun (osrno PUNGUT treron nipalensis); p. gadin/ or p. jambu (ptilopus jambu); p. rimba, the cuckoo-dove (micropygia ruficeps); p. sial (osmotreron olax); p. tanah, the bronzewing- dove (chalco - phaps indica). punat, the core of a boil; budak punat, a young rascal. puncha, Skt. the loose end or fag end of anything-such as a piece of rope or cloth; the pendent extremity. punchak, top, summit, crown; the knob on a flagstaff; p. gunong; the summit of a mountain. pundi, pundi-pundi, a satchel, a bag, a purse; p.-p. hempedu, the gall-bladder. punding, to twist or ravel up (of a rope or thread). pungah, Kel. arrogant, conceited. punggah, unload, discharge; remove goods from one place tO another; p. angkat, to pick up and remove; to transport. punggawa, = penggawa. punggok, burong punggok, a small owl (glaucidium brodii); a proverbial simile for a despairing lover, as this owl is believed to pine for the moon. punggong, the fundament; the buttocks; the seat; p. pedang, the dull side of a sword. punggul, to throw underhand and upward, e.g., at fruit on a tree. punggur, a fallen tree-trunk. pungkah, a fragment; a large piece of anything. pungkur, the posterior; the fundament; the base rim of a saucer; p. siput, the heart of the whorl in finger impressions; tulang p., the pubic bones. pungut, picking up, collecting; mermungut, to gather. [ 199 ]

PUNJONG punjong, an arched framework on which plants are trailed. punjut, to tie up sack -wise; to fold up. punpun, punpunkan, to draw forward in a bunch, e.g., the end of a shawl. puntal, to coil rope round the hand so as to get a good grip of it; to wring. punti, ular punti, a name given to the snake dipsadomorphus dendrophilus; also called ular tiong. puntianak, an evil spirit attacking women at the time of childbirth. puntoh, an armlet worn by heroes of romance, by Malay princes at marriage in Perak, by Javanese brides and bridegrooms. puntong, a stump; a half-burnt log; the fag-end of a cigar. punya, possession; (in bad bazaar Malay) a word used to form a possessive or genitive, e.g., sahaya punya rumah, my house; baik punya orang, good men; men of worth. punyat, Pen. to steal. pupoh, to fly at each other (of fighting cocks); berpupoh ayanm, to set cocks on to each other (without artificial spurs) -cf. sabong. pupok, to apply plasters and poultices to the body. pupu, a grade or degree of relationship; a generation; saudara sa-p., a first cousin; saudara dua p., a second cousin. pupur, I. a face-powder made of rice-meal scented with herbs; upuran or tepong pupur, id.; berpupur, to apply such powder to the fate. II. pupuran ayam, the nest a fowl makes in the dust. PUTAT pupus, blighted (of plants, men's fortunes); left desolate (of human beings). puput, blowing; swaying (anything) of the wind; di-puput bayu, swayed about by the breeze. pura, I. Skr. a city (only in compounds - such as Singa - pura). II. pura-pura, feigning, pretence; menangis p.-p., shedding crocodile's tears. III. pura peranda, = porak peranda; see porak. purba, Skr. ancient, former; p. kala, days of old; also perba. puri, Skr. the residential portions of a palace. puris, Ked. = lidi. purnama, = pernama. puru, a skin - disease (frambosia indica); katak, p., a toad. pusaka, heir - loom; family property (especially quasi-entailed property); also pesaka. pusar, a spiral motion, to roll in the hands, as a swizzle; pusaran ayer, a whirlpool; p u s a r a n angin, a whirlwind. pusat, the navel, the centre; p. bulat, the centre of a circle; p. tasek, the centre of the great ocean; the navel of the seas tali p., the umbilical cord. pusi, bulu pusi, a kind of lint used for dressing wounds. pusing, revolve, rotate; coll., fig., to cheat; p. kepala, vertigo; berpusing-pusing, revolving. puspa, Skr. a flower; flowery; variegated. pusu, berpusu-pusu, surging to and fro (of a crowd of people). putar, rotate, motion on an axis; putaran, a windlass. putarwali, Jav. akar putarwali, a medicinal creeper (leDidagathis longifolia?) putat, a generic name for a number of plants (barringtonia spp.). [ 200 ]

PUTEH puteh, white; p. kuning, cream; p. mata, put to shame; "scored "off"; p. tulang, the whitening of the bones - death; kayu p., Lkajeput; Orang P., a white man; a European (especially an Englishman); memuteh, to become white. putek, the fruit as it appears imxmmediately after the falling of the blossom. putera, Skr. a prince; the child of a prince; berputgra, to bear a child. puteri, Skr. a princess; the daughter of a prince; a fairy; p. malu, a name given to the sensitive plant; burong sepah p., a bird (dicwum cruentatum). puting, the part of a knife-blade which is buried in the handle; a pointed projection; a fag end RADAI or stump; p. beliong, a waterspout; p. chepu-chepu, the foot of a mast; p. susu, the nipple; parang p., a handleless chopper. putu, a generic name given to a number of cakes. putus, severed; split or broken off; (fig.) to settle, to decide, to put an end to; p. asa, hopeless; in despair; p. harga, to settle a price; p. hati, heartbroken; p. m ak an, exhausted of supplies; p. n y a wa, dead; putuskan, to settle, to terminate, to break; keputusan, severance, termination, settle - ment; yang tiada berkeputusan, endless. puyoh, the bustard quail (turnix pugnax). puyu, puyu-puyu, a small freshwater fish (unid.). R raba, feeling about with the hands; meraba, to grope; to fondle. rabak, gashed, rent, torn. raban, mneraban, to talk incoherently. Rabbi, Ar. Lord (of God); llahi R., the Lord God. rabek, robak-rabek, tattered and torn. Rabi, Ar. Rabi-i'l-awal and Rabii'l-akhir, names of months. rabit, I. gashed or rent of the edge of a cloth, mat, etc.; bibir r., a harelip. II. merabit, to drag third parties into a suit. rabok, tinder, touchwood. rabong, the double row of atap protecting the ridge of a roof; pasang r., spring-tides. rabu, 1. the lungs; kembang r., exulting. II. Ar. hari Rabu, Wednesday. Coll. for Arba'a. rabun, fumigation; merabun, to send smoke into a house so. as to drive away mosquitoes or evil spirits. rabut, pulling out, forcibly extracting; merabut, to tear out. rachau, merachau, delirious, raving of persons in high fever. rachek, I. snare of hanging nooses for catching birds; merachek, to snare birds. II. to slice up areca-nut. rachun, poison (especially stomach poisons in contradistinction to blood poisons-bisa). radai, I. S'pore. meradai, to beg from door to door-=Pen. rawai. II. Pah. a rain - gutter under eaves. [ 201 ]

RADAK radak, meradak, to spear or stab from below; (slang) to guzzle. radang, m6radang, to become angry, to rage. Rafidzi, Ar. lit. "forsakers" the name used by Sunnites for the Shi'ah sect. radif, Ar. the burden of a song; the rhyme. radin, Jav. a princely title. radzi, Ar. may (God) bestow favour-in the expression radzi Allah an-hu (may God show him favour) -an exclamatory remark when the names of the early Caliphs are mentioned. raga, I. a coarsely-plaited creel; buah r., a sort of football of basket-work; main r. or sepak r., a primitive Malay football. II. Jav. the body (in opposition to the soul). III. meraga, to show off; peraga, a dandy. ragam, Tam. modes in music; variety in sound, colouring, or disposition; banyak orang, banyak ragam - nya, there are as many temperaments as there are men, prov. ragang, meragang, to scale a wall; to climb a tree. ragas, meragas, to pull at or tear at, e.g., the hair (but not to tear out). ragi, essence, alloy, colouring matter; leaven, yeast; buta r., with the pattern washed out (of cloth); burong meragi, the painted snipe (rostratula capensis). ragong, teragong-ragong, knocking against one another (of heavy bodies hanging in a bunch). ragu, Sum. r. hati, sad. ragum, a vice or clip worked with a screw. RAWJA ragup, snatching and carrying. away. ragus, greed, gluttony; also rakus. ragut, meragut, to tear out with violence (especially hair). rahang, the jaw; tulang r., the jaw-bone. rahap, kain rahap, a pall cast over a body at a funeral but not buried with it. rahasia, = rahsia. rahat, I. a native boom. II. gugur rahat, a sudden and general (but untimely) fall of durians. III. Ar. rest, tranquillity, peace. rahi, = berahi. rahim, I. Ar. merciful, compassionate. II. Ar. the uterus. rahman, Ar. merciful, compas — sionate. rahmat, Ar. mercy (especially the mercy of God). rahsia, Skr. a secret; bura r., to reveal a secret; taroh r., to keep a secret. Rahu, Skr. the dragon which is believed to attempt to swallow the moon (at eclipses); bulan' di-makan R., an eclipse. raih, to draw towards oneself; taking (as opposed to giving). raip, Ar. disappeared, vanished; = ahaib. rais, to sweep off (as one sweeps crumbs off a table). raja, Skr. prince, ruler, governor; the king (in chess); r. berasal, a prince by descent; r. bintang, the principal heavenly bodies; r. di-g~lar, a prince by virtue of office; R. Muda, a title given to. the heir-apparent; r. sari or r. sa-hari, a bridegroom; r. udang, Southern Malaya) a kingfisher; (North Malaya) a large sand — piper; anak r., a prince; budak r., courtiers; retainers at court;: [ 202 ' ]

RAJAB hamba r., menials about a court; penyakit r., a malignant ulcer on the neck or shoulders; pinang r., the red-stemmed palm (cyrtostachys lacca); kerajaan, rule, dominion, empire; a I a t kerajaan, regalia. Rajab, Ar. the name of a Malay month. rajah, probing; groping for anything with a stick; tattooing; a design, geometrical sketch; rajahkan, to draw such a design. rajau., Pk. aftermath of rice-fields. rajawali, Skr. an eagle; lang r., a name given to small hawks, e.g., tinnunculus alaudarius. rajikan, to digest. rajin, persistent, frequent, diligent; assiduity; r. b erb uat j a h a t, persistent in doing wrong; r. dan usaha, assiduity and diligence. rajok, merajok, to sulk, perajok, sullen. rajut, knitting, worsted work. raka, fragile, brittle, worm-eaten. rakaat, Ar. the bowing of the body in prayer. rakam, Ar. painting or gilding cloth. rakan, associate, companion, comrade, partner; rakanan, a partner in business. rakap, merakap, to creep at a snail's pace; to crawl -orang hina merakap, a beggar crawling from door to door. rakat, Hind. a scarlet pea, better known as buah saga. rakit, arrangement side by side; the construction of a raft or of the framework of a house; a raft; sa-rakit, a pair, e.g., two sireh leaves one over the other. rakna, = ratna. raksa, Skr. mercury, quicksilver. raksamala, a tree (altingiana RAMBAI excelsa) yielding a perfumed gum. raksasa, Skr. an ogre; a goblin. raksi, I. yielding fragrance; meraksi, to perfume; p~raksi, flower petals and scented leaves used for perfuming a bed. II. union, commingling; sa-r., harmonising; affinities; suiting one's constitution, of climate. rakus, greed, gluttony; also ragus. rakut, mrrakut, to deceive, to set a snare, to weave a web (of a spider). ralat, Ar. error, miscalculation. ralip, I. sleepy, tired. II. custom, habit, ram, I. mengeram, brooding, sitting on eggs (of a hen). II.. tingkap ram, venetian blinds. Rama, I. Skr. Seri Rama, the Hindu demi- god Rama. II. rama-rama, a butterfly, a moth; ringgit rama-rama, the Mexican dollar. III. Jav. father- ramar aji, princely father; sire. Ramadzan, Ar. the fasting-month or bulan Puasa. ramah, over - familiar, effusive; peramah mulut, impertinently familiar; taking liberties. ramai, crowded, populous; numerously attended (of a festival); festive; joyous; beramai-ramaian, attended by a large following; meramaikan, to give population and prosperity to a place. ramal, I. Ar. soothsaying: horoscopic calculations. II. Pers. a scarf, a kerchief. ramas. meramas, to knead; to massage; to squeeze. rambah, moist, damp (of the ground). rambai, I. a common fruit-tree (baccaurea Motleyana). II. bultz [ 203: ]

RAMBAIAN rambai, short feathers on either side of the tail of fowl. rambaian, hairy. rambak, extending in every direction (as a creeper); flourishing, prosperous. rambang, extensive, wide, broad; jala r., a casting - net without bait; lela r., a wide - mouthed swivel-gun; mulut r., erratic in talk; r. mata, roving, of wanton eyes. rambat, a dais for a prince or for a bridegroom. rambeh, berambeh or merambeh, to go on an excursion with one's family. rambu, I. a thick post; r. perahu, bitts. II. a hanging fringe; rambu-rambu, id.; tombak r., a spear with a hanging fringe under the spear-head. rambun, tangled undergrowth; roots, climbers and creepers. rambut, I. hair; r. ikal, curly hair; r. keriting, frizzled hair; r. terurai, dishevelled hair; anak r., short hair round the central growth; gigi r., the hair just at its junction with the forehead; kaki r., the hair on the neck; suak r., the parting; rambutan, a tree yielding a fruit with a hairy integument (nephelium lappaceum); r. k a b o n g, (n. eriopetalum); r. pachat, (xerospermum muricatum); rambuti, woollen cloth; perambut, the gut at the end of a fishing-line.:II. perambut, invulnerability to weapons; p. senjata, id. rambutan, the well-known fruit nephelium lappaceum-v. rambut. ramek, N.S. ramek-ramek, tit-bits,of buffalo-meat. RANA rami, the rhea or China grass (boehmeria nivea); kain r., a coarse sacking made of rami fibre. ramin, loop-work in basketry; bakul beramin, a basket of loop work; raminkan, to twist in loops. rampai, rampai - rampai, miscellaneous; of a mixed character; varied; bunga r., a fragrant preparation made by scenting pandan and other leaves; rampaikan, to scatter (bunga rampai), to spread news, etc. rampak, spreading horizontally (of a tree); umbrageous. rampas, seizing, carrying off; rampasan, booty, plunder; merampas, to take by force. rampat, merampat, sweeping about a long pole (of similar object) so as to strike all within a certain radius; giving sweeping blows instead of deliberately aimed blows; memaki merampat papan, abusing everybody who comes near; sweeping abuse. ramping, I. slender; lissom (of the waist). II. rompang - ramping, tattered and torn. rampus, merampus, to use foul language. ramput, miramput, to tell foolish lies. ramu, m r amu, to collect materials of all sorts; peramu kayt, a wood-gatherer; ramuramuan, miscellaneous material, odds and ends. ramus, excessive hairiness; beramus, over-hairy (of the face); buang ramus, to get rid of superfluous hair. ran, a tree-hut. rana, I. merana, to pine; sakit merana, a wasting disease. II. = ratna. [ 204 ]

RANAK ranak, beranak-ranak, to play in a swift tremolo. ranap, I. meranap, to crumple under great pressure. II. beaten down, of a crop of rice, grass, etc.; fallen, as a house after a hurricane. ranchah, to mark a track by cutting down an occasional sapling. ranchak, gay; continuous and lively (of music, dancing, etc.). ranchang, pointing upwards; a pointed stake stuck in the ground as a rude caltrop. ranchap, cylindrical; m'ran - chap, to masturbate. ranchong, sharp cut; cut at a sharp angle (of a pencil or native pen). randa, meranda, to wander about wildly; going here and there; see also peranda. randai, m erandai, to wade through shallow water. randeh, rondah - randeh, in disorder, dishevelled, in confusion. randi, a silk fabric of Chinese or Siamese make. randok, I. kambing randok, a rank old he-goat. II. merandok, treading down, treading underfoot grass, crops, water. randong, treading down - cf. randok and serandong. randu, to stir liquid round and round with the arm. rang, I. tanah rang, a rice-field (banked and previously cultivated, but lying fallow). II. grade, rank. rangah, haughty, supercilious; mirangah, to swagger. rangai, I. obstinate or chronic (of a disagreeable, but not dangerous disease). II. Pk. merangai, to forage about, like a thief. rangak, a generic name for shells of the genus pteroceras. RANGKUM rangga, I. pointed projections; merangga, sticking up in points (as the tine of a deer). II. Java title of inferior distinction. ranggah, I. meranggah, to strip a tree of fruit. II. to stab upwards, = radak. ranggak, hauling a boat ashore; to steal, pilfer. ranggam, a thorny shrub or small tree (unid.). ranggas, a mass of twigs or fallen branches; beranggas-ranggas, spiky. rarggi, Tam. smart in dress, "putting on side." ranggong, m6ranggong, to crawl laboriously along (as infant or wounded man); to squat with the knees wide apart; burong r., a long-legged water-bird; kait r., fishing when two sticks project from the lead, a hook being suspended from the extremity of each stick. ranggu, see pdranggu. ranggul, meranggul, to dip (of a boat's bows). Cf. anggul, tanggul. rangin, Jav. a shield. rangka, skeleton, framework; berangka, possessing or serving as a framework. rangkai, strung or fastened together; rangkaian, a string of, a combination; berangkai-rangkai, in strings or clusters. rangkak, merangkak, to craw on hands and knees; to make slow progress. rangkap, I. pair, set of two; b&rangkap-rangkapan, in couples. II. perangkap, a trap. rangkas, = ranggas. rangkek, a generic name for shells of the genus conus. rangkong, = ranggong. rangkum, grasping between the;05 ]

RANGKUP hands; sa-r., as much as one can so grasp. 'cangkup, the formation of a cavity or channel between two sides which slope to meet each other. rangsang, mnrangsang, to get inflamed or excited; perangsang, an exciting drug; a stimulant; memberi berangsang, to excite to passion. rangup, crisp (as a biscuit). rangum, snatching; grabbing at. rani, Hind. the wife of a prince or governor. ranjang, a bedstead. ranjau, a caltrop; r. chachak, pointed stakes driven into the ground with the points uppermost; r. mata parut, a plank with nails projecting out of it; r. mata satu, a caltrop consisting of a plank and a spike; r. mata tiga, the common caltrop; meranjau, a figura Veneris. Ranjuna, Skr. Arjuna. rantai, a chain; baju r., a coat of chain-mail; rantaikan, to put in chains. rantam, berantam, N.S. clubbing together for a common purchase, e.g., of villagers to purchase a buffalo to slaughter. rantang, I. a basket or hamper for provisions, crockery, etc. II. penetrable to sight; r. mata memandang, letting the eye see right through. rantau, a reach of a river or of the sea - coast; ttlok r., bights and reaches; entire territory; mnrantau, to go wandering. ranting, a minor branch, a twig; bMlalang r., a stick insect; kurang r., the peacock pheasant (polyplectron biealcaratum). ranum, masak ranum, fully ripe (of fruit)..ranyah, miranyah, to piek small RASAU pieces of food here and there out of a dish. rap, I. tanah rap, land cleared, weeded and banked, and ready for cultivation. II. (onom.) the sound of rapping or stamping. rapah, to walk roughly over anything, blunder over felled logs; Pk. to go over a rice-field and weed with the keri a month after planting. rapai, merapai, to fumble withcf. g~rapai. rapang, ikan rapang, a fish (mugil bleekeri). rapat, continuous; to approach close to; sahabat yang r., close friends; merapatkan, to fit two things together; to work as a joiner. rapeh, pull down, haul in; draw towards oneself. rapek, merapek, to talk nonsense -cf. apek. rapoh, I. brittle, fragile; r. mulut, unable to control one's tongue, II. terong rapoh, a green brinjal (unid.). rapu, m r a p, to pick up trifles-cf. rama; merapu dana, to beg. ras, I. Hind. the reins. II. (onom.) a rustle. rasa, I. Skt. taste, flavour, perception, sensation, feeling; r. hati, perception; rasa-nya, it seems; it appears; as it were; putus r., forgetful, unsympathetic; sa - r., resembling (in taste); like; timpa r., to bear the brunt of anything; rasai or merasai, to feel; berasa, feeling; perasaan, perception. II. Skr. mercury, quicksilver; also raksa. rasamala, = raksamala.; rasau, I. a screw-pine (pandanus russow). II. merasau, to make [ -2 ]

-RASHID a swishing noise (of branches moved by the wind). rashid, Ar. orthodox. rashwah, Ar. bribe; an illegal gratification. rasi, = raksi, II. rasmi, Ar. disposition, temperament. rasok, I. the attack of an evil spirit; di-r., kena r., or di-rasok hantu, to be possessed of a devil; to be afflicted by some spirit of disease. II. cross - beams from pillar to pillar. rasul, Ar. apostle; one sent by God; r. Allah, God's apostle, Muhammad. rat, I. constricted; sa - genggam r., a tight handful; mengerat, to squeeze. II. (Kawi) the earth; jaya ning-rat, conqueror of the world. rata, I. (1) level, even, flat of surface; sama r., on the same level; ratakan or meratakan, to smooth; (2) on the level of the ground; prostrate; jatoh - lah rata ka-bumi, he fell flat on the earth; (3) bringing everything to the same level; completing;." rounding off": rata-rata, everywhere; sa - rata, all over; merata, to spread over. II. Skr. a chariot (especially the winged chariots of the gods). ratah, plain (of food when eaten without rice or vegetables); meratah, to eat food without rice. ratap, loud mourning; meratap, to wail, keen, lament; ratapkan, to lament over. ratib, Ar. the constant repetition of the name of Allah creating a sort of ecstatic trance; wild devotional cries accompanied by shaking of the body. ratna, Skr. a jewel, a princess. RAWAN ratu, Jav. a prince, a princess; Sang R., the king; R. Kairipan, the Prince of Kuripan, Panji. ratus, hundred; sa - ratus, one hundred; beratus-ratus, in hundreds. rau (onom.), I. a sound-such as that of rushing water; rau-rau, a clapper-rattle or sistrum. II. Pah. rau, erau, mengerau, to fish by dragging a rope across a stream. Cf. relap. Rauh, = Rahu. raum, (onom.), a deep crooning moaning sound; meraum dan meratap, to moan and lament. raung (onom.), a roar of agony; meraung, to cry out in pain. raup, meraup, to scoop up with both hands; beraup, in double handfuls. raut, smooth, cut off asperities; pisau r., a small sharp knife for whittling a stick. rawa, I. burong rawa, the pied imperial pigeon (myristicivora bicolor). II. a marsh. III. a large tree (unid.). IV. a shrimpnet = sungkur; kain r., coarse sacking. rawah, a partnership [where one man supplies labour and the other capital]. rawai, a line of unbaited hooks intended to foul-hook fish; merawai, (1) to fish with this contrivance (2) Pen. to beg from door to door. rawak, see derawa. rawan, I. emotion (especially tenderness); memb6ri r., to stir the emotions. II. numeral coefficient for articles made of cordage or string. III. tulang rawan, the sternum. IV. merawan, in the clouds, = berawan. V. Pers. takhta rawan, a vehicle mentioned in romance. ( 207 1

RAWANG rawang, I. a hole or orifice; a gap; kerawang, fretwork; berkerawang, fretted of wood or metal work, e.g., of a brass tray, having open-work of lace. II. a morass. III. merawang, to wash a body for burial. rawat, I. merawati, to visit. II. merawat, to resume one's original form after a transformation. rawi, Ar. a narrator, a story-teller; the author. rawit, I. merawit, to drag fresh people into a scandal-cf. babit. II. chabai r., a capsicum (capsicum fastigiatum). raya, great, large; badak r., the large variety of rhinoceros (rhinoceros sondaicus); bulan pernama r., the full moon at its brightest; bunga r., the cultivated hibiscus; dewata mulia r., the most high gods; hari r., a holiday; berhari r., to make a holiday of an event; hanta r., an evil spirit of great power and savagery; jalan r., the high road; landak r., the large porcupine (hystrix longicauda); rimba r., primeval jungle; tanah r., the mainland; the continent. rayang, dizzy, light-headed. rayap, I. merayap, crawling, creeping (of insects). II. the white ant, = anai-anai. rayat, Ar. subject; the common people; the rank and file of an army; troops. rayau, merayau, to wander along at random. rayu, plaintive melancholy, stirring the emotions, rousing pity or allaying wrath; merayu, to influence, to affect (as notes of music affect the hearer). r~ba, fallen timber; felled masses of brushwood and undergrowth; an abattis. R DAM rebab, a Malay viol; tempurong r., the drum of a viol. rebah, falling (through weakness not violence); r. pengsan, falling in a faint; rebahkan, to let fall aslant. rebak, merebak, to spread (of a perfume). rebak, a deep cut or wound; a rent. reban, a fowl-house; r. ayam, id. rebana, Hind. tambourine. rebas, falling into decay (of a wooden building). r'bat, me-rebat, closing to traffic, bar, barricade by putting thorns on a gate or round a tree. rebeh, injured on one side only (as a bird with a broken wing). rebok, merebok, to fester (of a sore). rebong, the edible young bamboo shoot; puchok r., chevrons (as a design in art). rebus, boiling in and with water (as distinct from boiling by immersion in boiling water); ayam r., boiled fowl. rebut, snatching, tearing away; berebut, to snatch, to struggle for anything. rechak, rechak - rechak, slightly pock-pitted. rechek, merechek, to splash up; to show drops of water or mud (as one who is splashed); jamjam mreichek, a euphemism for perspiration; perechek, splashed, dotted, speckled. rechup, to appear just above the surface; to begin to sprout up. reda, abating, lessening of rain, waters, nuisance, crime. redah, m'redah, cutting a trace through the jungle. redam I. redam- redam, mirOdam,?aintly visible, e.g., of ships. II. rrmok r., crushed to atoms; [ 208 3

REDAN jr. padam, completely extinguished. redan, a tree (nephelium Main-.gayi). r6dap, I. a small hand-drum or tabor. II. merndap, to spring up plentifully (of pustules). ridas, making straight for a point. redeh, to plant out rice from the nursery. redek, meredek, to threaten or scold a child-cf. herdek. redi, a sort of hammock - litter (much used in the past by Straits-born Chinese women). redum, I. obscure, gloomy; the darkness that precedes a storm -cf. r~dup. II. closing a road to traffic-cf. rebat. r6dup, dimmed, obscured (of the rays of the sun); overcast, gloomy weather-cf. redum. r gang, stretching to full length; racking; taut; mgregang layar, to boom out a sail to its full stretch. regat, = r.das. reja, (Hind. from Pers.) scraps left over; leavings; r. - r. kain, the bits of cloth left over when garments are made. rejah, perijah, unmannerly and self-assertive. rejam, Ar. stoning; thrusting down and suffocating under mud, water, etc. ri6an, pain in evacuations; painful straining, e.g., in child-bearing. r6jang, I. a spring forward; sat rejang kuda berlari, as far as a horse can gallop at a stretch. II. a name given to a series of symbols, one for each day of the month. These symbols are believed to affect the "luck" of the day. III. a tree (alstonia scholaris or acronychia laurifolia). RCMAJA rejeh, blood - shot; filled with mucus (of the eye). rljeki, Ar. daily bread; means of livelihood; sustenance. Better rezeki. rejok, a standing jump (as opposed to the running jump); merejok, to spring or leap in this way. reka, Skr. composition, stringing together, = karang; rekaan, a narrative a tale. rekah, splitting, cracking. Cf. merkah. rekan, = rakan. rekat, adhesion, cleaving, sticking; see also perekat. rela, sensual; gatal r., lustful. rela, Ar. willing, consenting. relah, ripping, splitting along a:seam. rl!ai, crumbling to pieces (of very rotten wood); reput r., id. relang, a ring of rattan; a collar for a dog. relap, I. a flash; m~rlap, to flash. II. tali relap, Pk. a thick rope of ijok hung with rushes and used for driving fish towards a trap of the bglat type. relas, the scraping off of skin; abrasion; r. jagong, to strip the sheath off maize grain;me-relas, (1) to trim a cock's comb (2) abraded, e.g., from the scratch of thorns. Variant me-lelas. relau, a smelting-furnace. reloh (onom.), a low grunting sound. relong, I. a Malay measure of length and area; 1 ri acre. II.. mgrelong, to overarch; to cover like a dome. remaja, Sk. adolescent; just ripening into full maturity; putera r., a prince just before he attains a marriageable age; 14 f 209 ]

RtMAK puteri r., a princess at a similar age. r~mak, liefer, better, it were better that; remak mati haram ta' lari, better die; never, never run away! r6mang, I. thick cloudy of weather. II. stiff, stiffly erect (of coarse hair). remba, Pen. jalan brenmbq-rfm. ba, walking in pairs. rembah, rembah-r~mbeh, improperly adjusted (of the sarong). rembang, I. the meridian; matahari s~dang-nya r., the sun at its zenith. II. Ked. p~rnmbang, to aim at = tuju. rembas, utterly disappeared or destroyed; habis r., completely gone-a strong form of habis. r mbat, a cross bar; the bars across a fence or gate in contradistinction to the uprights; the bar holding together the upright stakes in a fish-trap; a long pole fixed parallel to the gunwale of a boat; rembati, to strengthen with a cross-piece. r6mbega, = lhmbega. r~mbeh, rnmbah-r~mbeh, improperly adjusted (of the sarong). rembet encumbrance, e.g., from dependents, obstruction; anything. which interferes with motion. rembunai, average of height; fair or medium size. remis, a tiny edible shell-fish (unid.). remok, smashed or dashed to pieces; r. redani, crushed to atoms. rgmpah, drug, spice, ingredient; curry-stuff; ini-lah rempah-nya, these are the ingredients; this is the recipe or prescription. rempah, rnbah rempah, stumbling along. RIiNDAH rtmpak, sa-rempak in unison, in harmony. remak, split down the side. rempang, rempang bahasa, slightly mad; eccentric. rempang, stretching out in long streamers. rempat, blown aside (e.g., on a lee shore) by bad weather). rempenai, a tree (ardisia coriacea)? rempoh, mnrempoh, knock over, upset. rempong, merempong, pinion (a man); tie the legs (of a fowl) together. rempus, lifting bodily off the ground. remudu, Ked. = bHrudu. remunia, a fruit - tree ( b o u e a macrophylla). remunggai, the horse - radish (moringa ptergosperma); also mnrunggai. renang, bUrnnang, to swim. renchah, I. m&renchah, to plough through thick and thin; to travel through jungle and swamp without stopping to choose the easiest way. renchak, a large kind of cauldron. rencham, confusing by number and minuteness or by variety; puzzling to the eye. rXnchana, narrative; transcription; account, dictation; ranchanakan, to relate. renchong, a heavy Achehnese sword. renda, Port. lace (especially gold lace and silver lace). rendah, I. low; short; of limited height; humble; mernndahkan dirt, to assume a humble tone; to abase oneself. II. rioh-rdndahft, in an uproar, tumultuousstronger than rioh. [ 210' ]

RtNDAM r6ndam, immersion in water or mud; ular sawa r., the reticulate python when aquatic in its habits; berendam, to wallow (of a buffalo); to plunge into water; mgrendamkan, to immerse, to submerge. rndang, baking or frying; merendang, to bake, to fry. rendang, umbrageous; leafy; pohon kayu r., a shady tree. renek, tremulous (of the voice). reng, burong reng, a vulture (of which three varieties are known in Northern Malaya). renga, berenga, maggoty. rengang, Ked. throbbing pains in the head. rengap (onone.), bHr~ngap, to puff out (a flame). rengas, a generic name given to some trees which yield fine timber, but whose sap is virulently poisonous (melanorhla Curtisii, melanorhwa Wallichii and gluta rengas). rengat, griping pain, colic; r. hati, intensely angry-a stronger expression than sakit hati. r6ngau, opening wide; pSringau, wide open. rengek, merengek, to whine or cry for something (of a child). rengga, Ked. = rengka. ringgam, Ked. a sickle. renggang, distant, apart; rgnggangkan, to open out; to create a gap between. renggek, mirenggek, to be protracted; to drag on. renggis, thin; with few branches and leaves (of a tree). r~nggut, renggut-kan or mirenggut-kan, to tear down or tear away, e.g., a nest, tug at oars, tear greedily at food. rengit, a small insect pest. RtaNTANG rengka, the saddle on which a howdah rests. rengkam, a growth (unid.) found on coral rock. rengkas, brief; cut short; concise; rengkasan, a summary, a precis; rengkaskan, to summarise, to cut short. rengkat, kaki rengkat, one leg shorter than the other; unequal in length of legs; the halting gait caused thereby. rengkeh, merengkeh, to bow or stoop under a burden. rengkiang, a granary, a barn. Also lengkiang. rengkoh, mgrengkoh, to tear violently at, e.g., food. rengkong, = kerongkong. rengsa, obstinate (of a sore or disease); merengsa, to refuse to heal. r/ngus, pgrgngus, gruff, surly. rengut, mirengut, to murmur; to grumble. renjak, mGre6njak. to walk along springily. r6njas, m - renjas (Pen.) to bounce in anger. rinjis, r~njiskan, merenjiskan, to besprinkle; to dash drops of water over; r. minyak, to baste. renong, a fixed and steady look at anything; to look searchingly at. renta, merenta, to speak angrily or in high tones. renta, tua renta, old and weak; decrepit. rentak, me-rintak, to leap with a stamp of the feet, as an animal after its prey. rentak, haul, tug at chain or rope. rentaka, a small swivel-gun. rentan, a weak state of health predisposing to disease (but not actual disease); low of vitality. rintang, I. stretching out or extending (of objects like nets and ( 211 I

RtNTAP, not things like mats which are spread on the ground)-cf. bentang; me-r~ntangkan, to stretch out, e.g., a tape, rope. II. a main Kin cock-fighting. rentap, merentap, pulling, haul'ing, tugging, e.g., of a motor engine running badly and spasmodically. rentas, mnerentas, to cut a trace through jungle; clearing a path. Frnti, =- henti. rentik, Pah.;-uga. Also gentik. rentis, a trace, narrow path. renut, tati renut, the belly-band in the harness of an elephant. zenyah, berenyah or merenyah, to bestir oneself; to busy oneself. x.rnyai, drizzling of rain. Arnyak, merenyak, to strike a tender spot; to tread on a corn. renyeh, merenyeh, to behave in an ill-humoured way. r.nyok, crushed; pounded to pieces; - remok. Trnyut, = denyut. repak (onom.), a "slapping" noise. re'pang, smoothed; cut, trimmed or filed to the same level; levelled; mgrepang, to trim; pdrepang, diameter of a tree, lit, the smooth sawn end of a felled:.stump.: repas, fragile, crumbling; repas layu, withered to fragility (of a flower). r~peh, merepeh, to pluck a little at a time; to pick away. repek, = repet. repes, mCrepes, to fidget. repet, mSrepet to chatter. ypis, sa-repis, a chip. rbpoh, overgrown; neglected; repohan, a deserted clearing. r6pui, crumbling; extremely decayed. REWANO reput, rotten; crumbling cf. r e p u i (which is a stronger expression). resa, internal motions-such as digestive motions, motions in child-birth, etc. resah, restless; fidgeting. resak, a generic name given to several timbers used in boatbuilding, e.g., shored barbata, castanopsis nephelioides, and other woods. resam, I. a common fern used in making Malay pens (gleichenia linearis). II. Ar. custom, constitution habit. resan, taking as personal; taking offence. resap, meresap, to vanish; to disappear; to grow small, of a punctured tyre. resek, shrill, piercing; meresek, id. resemi, Ar. nature, disposition; = resam. RWsi, Skr. a "Rishi"; a sage. restong, syphilitic ulceration of "the nose, lupus. r6stu, restui, to lay a spell upon (anyone). reta, mereta-reta, to chatter inconsequently, = merepet. retak, a crack; a line the result of a crack; the lines on the hand. retal, saffron; also hartal. retas, breaking or giving way, as a fragile seam. retek, mretek, to form little -watery vesicles (as festering sores).;rtna, = ratna. retok, meretok, to shirk one's share of work. rewak, having news to give; having something to say. rewang, mirewang, to yaw (of a ship). t 212 3

RU~ZlKI rz6eki, Ar. food, daily bread, livelihood, source of income; also rjekki. ria, I. joy, pleasure, noisy enjoyment. II. Ar. pride, arrogance. riak, I. ripples of water. II. riakriak, creaking. rial, Port. a dollar. riam, a waterfall or rapid. rian, a measure of thread; a group of skeins. riang, I. riang - riang, a cicada. II. dizzy with excitement; lightheaded or feverish with pleasure. III. a motion on the surface of a stream caused by the presence of a snag or rock. IV. flute or cry of birds. riap, meriap, to spread; to sprout up. rias, the soft trunk of trees-such as the banana. riau, meriau, to wash for gold. riba, I. meriba, to support on one's lap. II. Ar. usury. ribu, I. thousand; sa-r., a thousand; beribu, in thousands. II. ribu - ribu, a plant (lygodium scandens). ribut, storm. richau, merichau, to chatter, of a child or talking-bird. ridan, a tree (nephelium Main-. gayi). riding, I. toils for large game; a line of rattan nooses. Cf. siding. II. meriding, to just appear above the surface. ridzwan, Ar. I. grace, favour. II. the angel guardian of the gate of Paradise. rihal, Ar. a Koran-stand or lectern. rijal, Ar. rijal - ul - ghaib, spirits presiding over good or evil fortune. rimah, crumbs of bread left on the table after a meal. RINTAS rimas, just breaking into perspiration. rimau, a tiger; see harimau. rimba, primeval jungle; r. raya, the great forests; ular kapak r., the viper (lachesis wagleri). rimbas, an agricultural instrument resembling the adze (beliong). rimbun, lofty and spreading (as the foliage of a tree or the sails of a ship). rimpi, dried banana. rimping, perimping, the last of a row. rinah, merinah, to shed drops of water. rincheh, balance paid in small change. rinchek, slicing, cutting into minute portions. rindu, loving longing; affectionate regret; r. dendam, id.; rindukan or merindukan, to pine for. ringan, light; of little weight or of little account; meringankan, to lighten; to ease. ringgi, peringgi, baked young padi. ringgit, a dollar; r. b e s a r, a Spanish dollar; r. burong, r. janek, r. lang or r. rama-rama, the Mexican dollar; r. kepala or r. tengkorak, the 21/ guilder piece; r. m e r i am, the pillar dollar; r. patong, id.; r. tong, kat or r. orang bertongkat, the British dollar; beringgit-ringgit,.crenelated, milled, serrated. ringin, sapu - sapu ringin, the name of a game for children. ringkai, emaciated; thin. ringkek, neighing, of a horse. rinoh, rinoh - rayu. coaxing, co+ zening-a strong form of rayu. i rintas, merintas, take the shortest f 213 1

RINTEK course; cutting across from cape to cape. rintek, a speck; speckled markings; berintek, speckled; hujan rintek-rintek, drops of rain just sufficient to make a few specks on the ground. rintis, mtrintis, cut a thin line or trace from point to pointcf. ritas. rioh, noise, clamour; r. rendah, uproar, tumult. riok, patah riok, compound of fractures. riong, I. a very tall grass (antistiria gigantea). II. N.S. curved of the cutting edge of areca-nut scissors. ris, a bolt-rope. risa, a painless wen or bump. risau, anxious, uneasy; risau hati, id. risek, merisek, making private enquires, esp. as to the prospects of a proposal of marriage. riwayat, Ar. a narrative; a story. roba, pancha - roba, varied; uncertain; fickle. robak, robak-rabek. in tatters. robek, worn through; perforated. roboh, falling (of heavy or massive bodies); robohkan or m&robohkan, to overthrow; batu roboh, a landship. robok (onom.), merobok, to give out a bubbling sound. rochah, dirty and untidy-looking. rochoh, prodding. roda, Port. a wheel; r. lambong, a paddle-wheel. rodan, injury in a tender spot; very painful. rodi, Port. order, command, instructions; also ordi. rodok, merodok, to stab from below; = meradak. rodong, m~rodong, doubtful or uncertain wandering. ROMPAK rogol, Jav. rape; mGrogol, to ravish. roh, Ar. spirit, soul, life; Roh-u'lkudus, the Holy Ghost. rolak, I. fruit or vegetables served up with vinegar and flavoured with spices. II. K., Pk., p~rojak (sireh) areca-nut pounder. rolli, Pers. daily bread. rolok, Ar. return to a divorced wife' making up a quarrel with an estranged friend; merojok, to return to a divorced wife. rolol, merojol, to emerge from a hole; to stick out. rokok, a (Malay) cigarette; r. kertas, a European cigarette; dua batang r., two cigarettes; mengisap r., to smoke a cigarette. roma, Skr. bulu roma, the down on the human skin; lang r., the pores. roman, I. shape, figure, look, the body; dagangan berbagai r., goods of various types; p e - roman, general appearance. II. padi-straw. romba, a mark placed in the sea to guide fishermen in the erection of stakes. rombak, taking down, taking to pieces, unravelling, merombakk a n, to unloose, to undo, to untie; tirombak, undone, solved, loosened. rombong, I. piling or heaping up; penoh merombong, full till the contents appear over the top, (e.g., of clothes in a box, rice in a measure, etc.). II. a round lidded basket of mingkuang, Mal. = kfmbal, K. romok, physical depression; m/romok, to feel out of sorts. rompak, piracy; perompak, a pirate. [ 214 ]

ROMPANG rompang, rompang-ramping, tattered and torn. rompeng, defective; partly eaten away or destroyed, e.g., of fruit. rompis, chipped at the tip or at the edge. rompong, destroyed or eaten away (of a prominent featuresuch as a nose or ear); rompongkan, to cut off (a nose, an ear, or other feature); to mutilate. rona, Skr. colour; = warna; pancharona, of many colours; gay, bright with colouring. ronchet, bgronchet-ronchet, in instalments. tonda, Port. military rounds. rondah, rondah - randeh, in disorder, dishevelled, in confusion. rondeng, calculation by figures; accounts; bills rondengan, id.; mdrondeng, to make up accounts, calculate. rong, balai rong, =balairong, q.v. rongak, broken by gaps; gigi r., gap-toothed; pagar r., a fence from which palings are missing here and there. rongga, hole, cavity hollow; b&rongga, hollow. ronggang, broken by gaps; = rongak. ronggeng, a Javanese dance; orang ronggeng, a danseuse. rongkal, t~rongkal, loose, come to pieces; unloosed (as a shoelace). rongkas, taking to pieces (with a view to reconstruction and not destruction). rongkok, me-rongkok, j]rongkok, bowed with hands on knees. rongkol, a cluster of clusters; r., kunchi, a bunch of keys; berongkol- rongkol, in large clusters. rongkong, see kerongkong. RUAH rongos, merongos, to be shorttempered; perongos, peevish. rongot, merongot, to grumble, to murmur. rongseng, merongseng, to be querulous or peevish. ronta, mironta, to struggle (to free oneself from the clasp of someone else or from bonds). rontah, = ronta. rontak, = ronta. ronyeh, meronyeh, to talk indistinctly (as a toothless man). ronyok, much dented; knocked in. rosak, spoilt; violated; futile; r. mata, injured of the eye-sight; r. iman, corrupted of religion; r. hati, heart-broken; me-rosakkan. to injure. rosok, see ptrosok. rot, = rut, rotan, a generic name for rattans, i.e., plants belonging to the general calamus and dwmono - rops; among the best - known varieties are r. g-rai (daemonorops geniculatus); r. sega (calamus ornatus); r. s~mambu, the " Malacca cane" (calamus scipionum).. roti, Hind. bread; tukang r., a baker; r. kirai, a preparation of dough resembling macaroni. rotok, merotok. to mutter angrily. royak, meroyak, to spread (as an ulcer or skin disease). royat, Ar. aspect, vision. ru, the casuarina-tree (casuarina equisetifolia); r. bukit, a tree resembling the casuarina ( da - crydium elatum). rua, mGrua, to expand, to open out (as the neck of a cobra). ruadat, Ar. ceremonial etiquette. ruah, I. meruah, to call a person from a distance; keruah, as far as the sound of a cry can carry. [ 215 ]

RUAI II. tumpah ruah, poured out en masse; meruah, Pen. to defecate. III. Ar. bulan Ruah, a popular name for the month Shaaban. ruai, disproportionate in length causing weakness; over-tall. ruak, I. meruak, to spread (as the contents of an egg when the shell is broken). II. burong ruak-ruak, a bird (unid.). ruam, pimples in thrush; m&ruam, to pustulate. ruan, = aruan. ruang, hollow space; well; cavity; r. belakang, the hollow of the back; r. susu, the hollow between the breasts; beruangruang, full of holes. ruap, meruap, to seethe up; to boil up; to foam up. ruas, interspace; the portion between the nodes of a bamboo etc.; sa - ruas jari, a section of the finger from joint to joint. ruat, I. the fall of anything that is not broken, e.g., of an uprooted tree. II. meruat, to resume human shape (of a were-tiger or hantu jadi-jadian). rubah, Pers. a jackal. ruban, ayer ruban, the watery scum in the preparation of coconut oil; meruban, to purify oil. rubin, = ubin. rubing, a temporary light gunwale to increase the freeboard of a Malay boat; the wash-strake. rubong, see kerubong. rudu, drooping, of the eye-lids from sleepiness. rudul, Ked. = rudu. rudus, a heavy single - edged Achinese dagger. rugas, ayamr merugas, a fowl about to lay. rugi, Skr. loss, injury (other than physical injury); kerugian, id. rugul, = rogol. r a1 RUNDONO ruh,= roh. ruing, a large winder used in spinning. X ruit, bent but not broken (of a branch); chapek r., lame through a bent limb.. rujah, m e r u j a h, stabbing at; thrusting downwards, e.g., a spear at a foe under the house, rukam, a name given to a number of trees (flacourtia cataphracta and other species). rukh, Pers. the rook at chess. l ruku, a generic name for a number of plants, especially (rukuruku) the basil (ocimum basilil cum and ocimum album). rukun, Ar. fundamental doctrine} essential part of a religion.: Rum, Ar. "Rome"; the Byzantine empire. rumah, a dwelling-house; r. monyet, a sentry-box; r. tangga, a homestead; berumah, to have a house (and wife) of one's own; to be married. rumal, = ramal. rumbai, tassel, tuft, pendant. rumbia, the sago-palm. rumbun, merumbun, banking a fire with faggots. rumenia, a fruit - tree (bouea microphylla); also remunia. rumpun, the stem of a grass; a numeral coefficient for grasses; sa- rumpun serai, a clump of lemon-grass. rumput, grass; merumput, to weed. runching, smooth and sharp. runding, = rondeng. rundok, lowering the head - cfi tundok; merundok, to bend one's course to a point.: rundong, merundong, "cadging" -on a person;; " sponging"; dirundong malang, to be dogged by ill-luck. in 2 L 4Au J

RUNDU rundu, rundu-randa, erratic, capricious. runggu, runggu-rangga, bristling with points. runggun, merunggun, banking a fire with logs. rungkap, merungkap, to speak in a surly tone. rungkau, merungkau, to hang down over the face (of hair). rungkul, = rongkol. rungkup, overarching as eaves; overspreading. rungut, = rongot. runjang, I. perunjang, a kind of crowbar. II. merunjang, to thrust blindly upwards or outwards. runjau, merunjau, lanky. runjong, merunjong, to be piled up (of rice on a plate); perunjong, a measure of depth-a man's length (with. arms raised above his head). runtai, dangling loosely. Cf. juntai. runtas, meruntas, to break by a pull or jerk. runti, rubbing asperities off the common rattan of commerce (rotan sega). runtoh, a heavy fall, a crash; SA tWbing r., the "sunken bank," the Mala.y Atlantis; runtohkan, to overthrow. runtun, dragging off (by the hand or by a chain or rope). Cf. tuntun. runut, merunut, to worry, to importune. rupa, Skr. appearance, form, looks; endah khabar dari rupa, the report is fairer than the reality-not up to expectations; rupa-nya, it appears. rupawan, Skr. handsome, beautiful. rupiah, Hind. a rupee, a guilder. rusa, the sambhur deer (cervus unicolor); r. bintang, the (imported) deer (cervus axis); r. senggirek, the unicorn; babi r. the well - known " deer-hog" of the Celebes (babirusa alfurus). rusing, = rongseng. rusoh, a row; a tumult. rusok, side, flank, rib; r. surat, the marginal space in a Malay letter; tulang r., the rib-bone; tumbok r., a "dig in the ribs," a quiet bribe. rut, I. capable; tiada r., unable to stand. II. pressure, squeezing, crushing. III. Pk. = renut. S sa, a prefix expressing or suggest- one side; on one side; in the ing unity; one; a; forming or direction of; towards; sa-belahconstituting one, i.e., making up mgnyabelah, on both sides; sao a whole; forming one in some belum, while as yet not; before; particular, i.e., alike in some one previous to; sa - hingga, until; respect; sa-umur-ku, in all my sa-kali, at one time; all at one life; as long as I live-life being time; altogether; sa - kali - kali; considered as a single item altogether; sa - kian, so much, though made up of many years; sa-kian jauh, thus far, sa-kian sa-rasa, forming one in taste; lama, so long; sa lagi, while alike in taste; sa-bagai, one in still; sa-lalu, always; sa-manatype, of one type, like; sa-belah, mana, in any way; sa-mata[ 217 ]

*AADAT mata, clearly, obviously; saorang, one man; alone; saorang orang, quite alone; s a - sa-orang, each person; sa-suatu, -each; sa-tMlah, when (a thing) was over, after; sa-telah ia pergi, when he had gone, sa-tuju, in harmony; harmonious. saadat, Ar. fortune, happiness; highness, majesty (as a title) Baginda S., H.M. the King. saat, Ar. time, moment; d~ngan sa - saat ihi juga, at this very moment. sabak, I. boiling palm-sap (in the making of sugar). II. m~ratap birbiji sabak, to weep copiously. saban, Jav. every; s. hari, daily. sabang, to muzzle (a dog). sabar, Ar. patient, forbearance; sabar - lah dahulu, be patient awhile. sabas, Pers. bravo, excellent, capital I sabda, Skr. saying, utterance (especially of words of the prophets); more generally also in literature the equivalent of titah the word of a prince; sabda is used of a clief. (e.g., the Penghulu of Rembau), while Utah is used of the suzerain (the Yam Tuan). sabelah, see sa. saberang, = s~b~rang. sabil, Ar. way, road; perang s. Allah, a war in God's cause; a holy war. sabit, I. a native sickle; menyabit, to reap with a sickle. II. Ar. revealed as certain; truth revealed. tabok, a sort of kerchief or plaid worn over the shoulder. sabong, darting at each other (of cocks); cock-fighting; agam sabongan, a fighting-cock; menUabong, to fight (of a cock); SAGANG sabong - menyabong, flashing of forked lightning. Sabtu, Ar. harit Sabtu, Saturday. sabun, Ar. I. soap. II. white; orang s., albino. sabur, I. a confused melee; wild scurrying; di-dalam sabur itu, in the crush; semut s., a stinging ant ( sima rufonigra). II. layar sabur, a top-gallant-sail. sabut, the fibrous part or wrapper of a fruit like the coconut; coconut fibre; tali s., a rope of common fibre. sadai, ttrsadai, prone; extended at full length. sadak, sloping (of masts). sadap, penyadap, a knife; mgnyadap, to use this knife, for extracting toddy. sadau, rowing with long sweeps. sadik, Ar. upright, true (of friendship). sadikit, see dikit. sadir, sal-ammoniac. sadong, tersadong, tripping, stumbling, e.g., in a creepercf. seradong. sadu, Skr. excelling; s. p~rdana, first, foremost. sadur, plating; overlaying with shining metal. saeng, travelling in company; birsaeng or birsaengan, id. saf, Ar. rank, file of soldiers; bersaf-saf, in rows. Safar, Ar. the name of a month in the Muhammadan calendar. safra, Ar. a table-cloth. saga, the Indian pea, the seed of adenanthera pavonina; biji s., id.; (fig.) red, bloodshot (of the eyes). [The pea was also used as a. small measure of weight.] sagai, = sakai. sasang, buttressing (used when the prop is at an angle with the ground). [ 218 ]

SAGAR sagar, Pers. sugar; also sakar. sagi, = segi. sagu, sago; s. B6landa, arrowroot. sagun, a Malay dish made of riceflour, rasped coconut and salt'; also sagun-sagun. sagur, a river dug-out; p~rahu s., id. sah, I. Pers. check -in playing chess. II. approved; in order; admissible; made out (of a case); tiada s., the charge has not been substantiated. sahabat, Ar. friend, comrade; s. beta or s. kita, "my friend;" the person written to (in a formal official letter). sahala, I. only; bahasa itu sahaja, that language only. II. = sengaja. sahaya, Skr. slave; humble servant; I; s. s e m u a, we all; hamba s., slaves and chattels. saheh, Ar. true, clear, correct. sahib, Ar. master; owner of; sahib-ul-hikagat, the author of the story; the author's "we." sahifah, Ar. letter, epistle. sahur, Ar. the meal taken before dawn in Ramthan. sahut, replying; answering; sahut - sahutan, in continual re - sponse (as salutes after salutes); sahuti, mnnyahut, to make reply; to answer. Said, Ar. a title given to descendants of the Prophet. Also Sayid. Saidi, Lord (God); ya S., Lord! saidina, see sayidina. saif, Ar. sword. sais, Hind. a syce; a groom. saja, = sahaja. sajadah, Ar. a prayer-mat. sajahtera, = sejahtera. salak, Ar. assonance, harmony, cadence; rhyme; sajak - nya SAKTI ianggal, the rhythm is faulty; bersajak, rhyming, assonant, harmonious. sail, Skr. serving up (a dish); dressing food; tudong s., a dishcover; bersaji, to dress food; to serve up food. saka, I. the pillars of a house. II. N.S. female line of descent; s. baka, on both sides of descent. sakai, dependents, retainers, subiects; orang S., a name given to ' subject" aboriginal tribes by Malays. sakal, knocking against; knocking back; angin s. a contrary wind. sakalian, see kali. sakar, Pers. sugar; also sagar. sakat, I. to vex, trouble, annoyance. II. a generic name given to 'many epiphytes, especially aroids and orchids. III. sukusakat, a genealogical tree. IV. tersakat, a aground of boats. sakhawat, Ar. generosity, grace. sakhlat, Pers. broad-cloth. saki, Pers. a cup-bearer. sakit, sick, diseased, in pain; mendapat s., to fall ill; s. hati, resentful, angry; s. hidup, ill without apparent cause (attributed by Malays to evil spirits); s. orang baik, a euphemism for small - pox; s. payah, seriously ill; menyakiti, to injure; to afflict with pain or sickness; p~nyakit, a disease. saksama, Skr. diligent enquiry, investigation. saksi, Skr. witness, evidence, testimony; mgmapzggil s., to call witnesses (in a case). sakti, Skr. supernatural power; dewa yang s., a wonder-working divinity; kisaktian, supernatural power. [ 219 ]

SAKU. saku, Eur. a small canvas bag; a satchel; a pocket. sal, Hind. a shawl. salah, fault, error, flaw, discrepancy; being out of place or going wrong; s, kena, tactless of words; s. sa-orang, one or the other (person); s. suatu, one or the other (thing); s. urat, dislocated or strained of a sinew; orang s., a defendant; sgrba s., puzzled, wrong, at a loss; salahi or m 6nyalahi, to vitiate, to blame; kesalahan, an error, a fault, a mistake; sesalahan, N.S. fornication. salai, heating over the fire; smoking; fumigation or curative heating; menyalai, to heat in this way. salak, I. a stemless thorny palm (zalacca edulis). II. the barking of a dog; menyalak, to bark. salam, Ar. a greeting; "Peace be unto you"; membgri s., to greet. salamat, - selamat. salang, to execute by the keris. salasilah, Ar. genealogical tree. salatin, Ar. sultans -the plural of sultan. saleh, motion, approach; s. kembali, to return. ball, strength, power; sama s., 'of equal might. salib, Ar. a cross; crucifixion. salin, change of garb or of food or outward form; salinan, a translation; salini, to bestow garments upon anyone; btrsalin, to be confined (of a woman); to put on other clothes; to assume a different form by metamorphosis; persalin or p~rsalinan, a change of clothing. salla, Ar. salla Allahu alaihi wa'ssalam, God give him peace! salur, saluran, a channel, a gully. SAMBUR: salut, to enwrap, enfolding-cfL. balut. sama, Skr. I. identical, same; s. b~sar, of equal size; s. tengah, in the very centre; samakan, to, rank as equal; bUrsama, along. with; bUrsamaan, similar, identical. II. (in bazaar Malay) "to," "with," or to form an accusative; bilang sama sahaya, tell me; pukul sama dia, hit him. samak, Ar. tanning; bark for tanning; a generic name for trees the bark of which is used for tanning. saman, I. Ar. ratib saman, the name given to a peculiar ratib or mystical incoherent religious performance. II. Eng. summons;. samar, conceal; hiding one's identity; personating someone else; s. muka, to change aspect; samarkan, to pretend, to affect. sambal, a generic name for con — diments served with curries. sambang, I. an abandoned nest of the honey-bee. II. a round; b&rsambang, to patrol.. sambar, menyambar, carrying off in the talons (especially of a bird of prey swooping and carrying off its victims); yt sambaran, a man-eating shark, sambat, to splice together. sambau, a grass (unid.) [it sometimes grows on thoroughfares?. and is taken as a type of a:difficult existence]. sambil, with, together with, simultaneously with. sambilan, = sembilan. sambok, Pers. a dinghy. sambong, to add in prolonga tion; joining on; ada sambangan-nya lagi, a sequel follows. sambur, sambur - limbur, intermittently visible; appearing and disappearing. [ 220 ]

SAMBUT sambut, to receive (of a person standing to receive one coming ' to him, and not of a person going to meet his guest); gigi s., overlapping teeth; sambuti or menyambut, to stand and re-. ceive. sami, I. [Pali?] a Buddhist priest. II. Tam. a Hindu idol. samir, the natural undried leaves of the nipah (stitched together as a rough protection against rain). samista, = semesta. sampah, rubbish, dry dirt, filth; sampah itu ka-tepi juga, rubbish always finds its way to the side; the poor are always shoved aside. sampal, I. attaining to; reaching; as far as; sampaikan, to cause to attain to, or to cause to extend to, e.g., sampaikan khabar, to convey news. II. hanging loosely (as a garment on a clothesline); sampaian kain, a towelhorse or clothes-line. sampak, I. the metal ring or band at the base of the shaft of a -weapon [it serves to keep the haft (puting) from splitting the shaft]. 11. main sampak, heads or tails. III. sgluar sampak, trousers worn by Malays in padifields and swamps. sampan, Ch. a generic name for a large number of types of boats especially the Chinese shoeboat); s. chedok ikan, a boat in use with large fish-traps; s. golek, (Penang) the common Chinese sampan; s. kotak, the Chinese sampan with stern lockers (much used in Singapore); s. kudong, a heavy beamy Chinese sampan; s. itek, small flat-bottomed for use on mudbanks; s. selit, a dug - out; s. SANA mengail, the canoe-like boat in which fishermen visit their traps; s. panjang, a long narrow canoe-like passenger-boat used in Singapore harbour; s. tunda, a dinghy. sampang, I. paddling. II. a Malay varnish. III. Pk. = s~mpat. sampat, mandi s., Pk. ceremonial bathing on the third day after marriage. sampean, Jav. a title used in addressing a prince. sampil, the bast or husk at the lower end of a palm-branch. samping, I. an obsolete drum. II. kain s., the sarong worn over trousers. sampir, I. the upper portion of a keris -sheath the part that covers the ganja; sampiran kgris, id. II. petiban sampir, a tribute of respect to a prince. III. sampiran kain, = sampaian kain. sampok, menyampok, intrude; interfere (in other people's affairs). sampu, decline, emaciation; dtmam s., a washing fever in children..sampul, a covering or wrapper -such as a pillow-case; a caul (but tgmbuni is more technical in this sense). Samsam, a name given to a mixed half-Siamese race inhabiting the northern parts of the Peninsula. samsir, Pers. a scimitar. samsu, I. Ch. Chinese alcoholic - spirit. -I = shamsu. samun, I. robbing; theft accompanied by violence; m~nyamun, to rob; penyamun, a robber. II. semak - samun, very tangled of undergrowth or scrub. sana, yonder; the further, in contra-distinction to the nearer; [ 221 ]

ZANAK there; dl-sana; there; di-saberang s., on the opposite side. sanak, Ar. kindred; blood relations; one's whole family; s. saudara, id. Sanat, Ar. year of the Hegira. sanbal, Pers. spikenard. sandang, wearing a band over the shoulder and across the body (as the cordon of a knightly order is worn); mnnyandang pesaka, N.S. to wear the insignia of a hereditary office; menyandang, mrnyandangkan, or mnmpersandangkan, to carry (a sword or kzris suspended from a crossbelt or a gun slung over the back by a strap); sayap sandang, a sort of cross-belt. sandar, resting the back against any surface; thrsandar, leaning back upon; sandar lemang,: Mal., propped against a fragile support. sandarmalam, a name given to the tuberose; also sundal malam. sanding, I. bgrsanding, to be set next to one another (as a bride and bridegroom). II. a corner; a projection; ta' bHrsanding, smooth, globular. sandong, stumbling against-cf. sHrandong and sadon.q. Sang, an honorific prefix applied (1) to the names of heroes and minor divinities-such as Darmadewa, Kelembai, Nila Utama (the founder of S'pore.), Arjuna and others; (2) to the titles of kings, e.g., Sangnata, Sangaji, Sangratu, etc.; (3) in the ex. pression Sang Yang only, to the names of major divinities, e.g., Sang Yang Guru, Sang Yang Maha Bisnu, Sang Yang Tunggal; (4) to the names of animals in fables, e.g., sang tupai, sang kanchil, sang nyamok. SANOKAK. sanga, the scum or dross in smelting. sangai, a rough dish -cover of nipah or mengkuang leaf. sangaji, see sang and aji. sangat, extremely; very; amat s., id.; kesangatan, excess; tersangat, surpassingly. sangga, holding up; propping up; sustaining; shielding from a downward blow; the stout post at the side of a Malay fishingboat where the net is secured; s. buana, "prop of the universe": a Javanese title; s. layar, small props for holding up the boom; s. mara, a projecting knob or guard on a blade. sanggam, Sel. menyanggam, to borrow articles of attire for temporary use. sanggan, a metal bowl with a rough milled edge. sanggang, = sagang. sanggat, running aground (of a boat). sanggit, rubbing two hard bodies against one another. santgul, the coiffure; chuchok s., hair-pins. sanggup, accept responsibility for; acknowledge; s. mmbayar wang, accepting responsibility for a payment; pa' s., a putative father. sangka, I. Skr. think, suspect, fear; suspicion; sangkakan, to suspect or think anything. II. Skr. a triton shell (chama gigas); a conch-shell used as a trumpet, a splayed-out bamboo cup-like basket to hold incense or offerings to spirits; sangka-kala, the last trump. sangkak hinder, resist' raja dis., a ruler who should be risen against; sangkaki, to obstruct, hinder, or resist. [ 222 ]

SANGKAKALA sangkakala, Skr. the last trump -v. sangka, II. sangkal, disavow, repudiating; sangkali, to deny (one's faith); to repudiate knowledge of. sangkar, I. a coop; a cage (especially a bird-cage); sangkaran, id. II. sangkar bidang, thwarts in a boat. III. sungkur-sangkar, sprawling. sangkil, immersion to the loadline (of a ship); fulfilling a purpose satisfactorily; to achieve the end in view. sangku, a large metal bowl or basin. sangkur, a bayonet. sangkut, stopping; not getting past; adhering to or remaining in; s. di-dalam hati, sticking in the memory. sangsara, = sengsara. sangu, Jav. provisions, supplies. sangulun, Jav. a royal title. Sangyang, see Sang. santak, menyantak, to strike with the fist or knuckles. santan, the milk of the coconut; kepala s., the best of the milk; the creamy portion near the flesh of the fruit; (fig.) virginity. santap, to eat, to consume, to dine-of rajas; s. sireh, to chew sireh (of a prince chewing sireh); santapan or pOrsantapan, a royal repast. santau, a deadly Malay poison. santeri, = s~nt~ri. santok, to knock against-cf. antok. santun, sedate, dignified, imposing. sa-nya, of a truth; =sa-sunggohnyca; bahawa sa - nya, verily, verily. sap, I. a piece of cloth or fibrous material placed in an inkstand; SARANG kertas s., blotting paper. II. = saf. sapa, mode of address, courtesy; tegur s., id.; mgnyapa, to accept politely. sapar, = safar. II. = sapau. sapau, a lean-to; a shelter for the night in the jungle. saperti, = s~pgrti. sapi, an ox; a bull or cow; minyak s., suet; s. hutan, a namegiven to the anoa of Celebes ( anoa depressicornis ) [ which is well-known to maritime Malays]; also, in the interior of the Malay Peninsula, to a local wild ox, either a small bos gaurus or a separate species (bos sondaicus). sapir, I. Ar. a traveller; bUrsapir, to encamp (of travellers). II. Eng. a sapper; a soldier of engineers; a gaol - official at Malacca. sapu, wiping; sweeping off;, smearing off or on; s. chat, painting; s. minyak, varnising;. s. kap ur, whitewashing; s. tangan, a handkerchief; sapukan, menyapu, to sweep; to pass a cloth or broom over; penyapu, a broom. saput, a thin fleecy or cloth-like covering; a film; clouding over; di-saput awan, clouded over (as a mountain). sara, I. bersara, menyara, to join in an undertaking; to "chip in." II. sara-bara, in confusion; helter-skelter; topsy-turvy. saraf, Ar. I. etymology. II. money-changer, shroff. sarak, bUrsarak, parted, parting, divorced. sarang, a nest; s. libah, a bees' nest; s. unam, the shell of a hermit crab; s. tb uan, a hornets' nest; s. burong, the nest [ 223 ]

SARAP of a bird; bersarang, to nest; bgrsarang - sarang, full 'of cob - -webs, mason-bees' nests, etc. (as a deserted house). sarap, I. dust, fine dirt; penyapu s., a sweeper; s. sampah, sweep'ings, refuse generally. II. Ar. shroff, money-changer. sarat, heavily laden; of full burden; bunting s., in the last stage of pregnancy; s. dengan muatan, full of cargo (of a ship). sarau, I. the groove between two parallel bones -for instance, along the tibia. II. a creel used by collectors of agar-agar. sardi, Hind. glanders. sari, I. Jav. a flower; the beautiful, or delicate; a common ex-pression in the names -of fair ladies, e.g., Bidasari, Puspa-sari, Tunjong-sari, etc. II. sari', Ar. nimble, quick. Sarip, = Sharif. Saripah, Ar. a title given to female descendants of the Prophet; a sort of feminine of Said. Abbreviated 'che 'pah. sarok, tersarok, put one's foot into a noose, or trap, or hole;.being tripped up-cf. sadong. sarong, sheath, covering; s. jari, a thimble; s. kaki, socks; s. *kiris, a keris-sheath; s. tangan,. gloves; m~nyarong or m6nyarongkan, to sheathe; tirsarong, r sheathed. Isarun, Jav. a musical instrument. Larut, scraping up against anything. sarwa, Skr. all; usually pro. nounced seru, q.v. sarwal, Ar. trousers. sas, Hind. the crupper (in harness).,sasa, Skr* strong, sturdy.,asak, wattles;, pagar s., a wattled fence. SAUJANA sasap, susup-sasap, up and down; over and under; lari susupsasap, rushing frantically over all obstacles. sasar, I. dazed, confused; anak kesasar, a muddle-headed fool. II. sasaran, a target. sasau, = sasar I, sastera, Skr. sacred books; astrological tables, divination. sasterawan, Skr. one versed in sacred books; an astrologer. sasul, tersasul, (Mal.) gone past, gone too far = terlangsong. sat, I. measure of capacity; = 5 gantangs. II. = saat. satai, Tam. kebabs; pieces of flesh or fish cooked on a skewer. satar, Ar. a writing; a stroke; a line. satu, one; = suatu. satwa, = s~tua. sau (onom.), rustling; soughing. saudagar, Pers a merchant; a trader; a wholesale dealer. saudara, Skr. brother, sister; cousin; an intimate friend whom one calls a brother or sister; saudara sa - pupu, a cousin; s. sa-jalan sa-jadi, a full brother or sister; mengambil akan s., to break off a love - affair by agreeing to be "brother and sister." sauh, I. an anchor; champak s., to cast anchor; bongkar s., to haul up the anchor; s. chemat, an anchor fastened ashore for mooring a boat to; s. larat,.anchor that is dragging; s. trbang, a light grapnel used for scaling a wall; batang s., the shaft of an anchor; batu s., the stone or weight in it; kuku s., the blade. II. a fruit-tree (mimusops Kauki). saujana, Skr. farf distant; saujana, as far as; s. mata mA I 224 ]

SAUK mandang, as far as the eye can see; padang s., a wide plain. sauk, I. a landing-net; menyauk, to scoop up in a landing-net; tersauk, scooped up; pa' sauk, a swindler. II. the lid of a pot. III. (onom.) sighing; dengan s, tangis, with sights and tears. sauku, (Tam.) Pen. a whip. sawa, a generic name for snakes considered by Malays to belong to the python class; ular s. batu, the reticulate python when living 'on rocky soil; ular s. burong, the long snake (dipsadomorphus cynodon); ular s. chindai, the reticulate python when its coloration is very brilliant; ular s. lekir (coluber melanurus); ular s. rendam, the reticulate python when dull in colouring and aquatic in habits; ular s. tekukur, a name for coluber met lanurus. sawab, Ar. the exact truth; wallahu aalam bi's-sawab, God knoweth what the real truth is sawah, ( = bendang, K., Pk.) an irrigated padi - field; mfmbuat s., to plant rice (on swampy ground). sawan, convulsions; s. b a b i, epilepsy; s. bangkai, apoplexy. sawang, a plant (unid.) used as a remedy for skin-disease. sawar, a fence to enforce quarantine (cf. gawar-gawar), a fence to trap fish, deer and other animals. sawat, I. a sort of plaid; s. sandang, a sort of cross-belt. II. pesawat, a tool; an implement or appliance; the penis. sawi, I. s a w i - s a w i, mustard (brassica nigra). II. = senawi. saya, = sahaya..sayang, I. regret, pity, sorrow for; affectionate pining; love; StBAM menaroh s., to be in love; sayangkan, to regret, to love. II. tombak sayang, a sort of gaff used with a sail. sayap, wing, pinion; s. kambang, a humble - bee's (shiny black) wing; baju bersayap, a coat with pendulous sleeves. sayat, slicing off the skin, top, or cover of anything, or any projecting portion-such as a nose or ear. sayidina, leader in the Faith, a title of Muhammadan missionaries and Sayids and of certain Javanese rulers. sayong, cutting into parts of unequal length. sayu, sad, melancholy. sayup, faintly visible or audible; just noticeable; s. mata memandang, so far as to be only indistinctly seen; s. p i a m a, (Kedah) the close of the rainy season. sayur, vegetables in general; green food; sayurkan, to cook as a vegetable; to serve up as a vegetable; sayur - mayur or sayur-sayuran, all kinds of vegetables. sebab, Ar. cause, reason; (better dari sebab) because; s. itu-lah, therefore; for that reason; apa s.? why? sebahat, Ar. league, pact, conspiracy. sebai, a scarf worn on the shoulders. sebak, ayer sebak, an inundation; water lying on ground usually dry. sibal, mournful, sad, sorrowful; s. hati, id. s~bam, losing brightness of colour; dull. [ 225 ]

S9BAR sebar, beri - beri; sebar - sgbar,: numb, of the limbs. szbarau, a fish (lalteo boggu). s~basah, a generic name given to a number of trees or shrubs of the order euphorbiacese, e.g., glochidium desmocarpum. sebat, I. to switch. I. a shiver caused by the taste of something extremely acid. III. choked (of the nostril). sebeh, a plant (canna Indica) - pokok tasbeh. sebek, to purse up the lips. sebekahh, ikan s~bekah, a fish (unid.). seberang, the opposite side; diseberang sana Sungai Singapura, on the opposite bank of the Singapore River; S. PRrai, Province Wellesley (from Penang); mnny~b'rang, to cross over. s9b;rhana, Skr. full (of full dress); memakai stberhana perhiasan, to wear all one's jewellery or decorations. s6bit, a dish of buffalo meat and vermicelli. sebong, a single division (from node to node) of the bamboo. sebu, filled up, choked up (of a well, nostril). sibun, I. protracted (of labour); refusing to come to a head (of a boil). II. Mal. = sebu. seburut, a plant (thottea grandiflora). sebut, sbbutan, the thing said; the drift or tenor of remarks; sebut - kan, menyebut - kan, to utter; to repeat; tiOrsibut, said; sapurti yang tersxbut di-bawah in, as follows.. "dak, tMrs~dak, hiccoughing. sedak, to tighten with rattan a tambourine (r~bana). sedal, drying clothes on a line inside a house. SoDU sedan, ters~dan-sedan, sobbing; hiccoughing. sedang, medium; intermediate; during; while; s. masak, just ripening; sedangkan, although; even though. sedap, pleasant, agreeable; s. hati, satisfied. sedar, alive to; awake to; conscious; tiada s., to be unconscious (of a fact); s. daripada bius, to recover consciousness after being drugged; sidarkan, to be conscious of; tiada sedarkan diri, (1) to be unconscious (2) not to know one's self or one's place; ters6dar, roused to consciousness. s6dawi, akar sedawi, a plant (smilax calophylla). sedeh, the desire to weep; having tears in one's eyes; mournful regret; tahan s., to control one's feelings. sedekah, Ar. alms, charity. sedekala, Skr. always; at all times; immemorial; adat s., immemorial usage; also sedia-kala. sedlinggam, Tam. minium; redlead. sederhana, Skr. medium; average; tuboh - nya s., he was of average height and build. sedia, I. Skr. ready; in readiness; prepared; s~diakan, to get' (things) ready;,*to prepare. I. Skr. former, ancient, original; rupa - nya yang s., his original form; s. kala, days of old; also s~d~kala. sedikit, see dikit. s6dingin, a common succulent herb (bryophyllum calycinum). sedoh, menygdoh, to soak; to infuse in water. sedu, short broken sobs; hiecoughing,or sobbing; tcrs~du [ 226 1

S1DUAYAH sedu, id.; sedu katak, short quick breathing.after violent exertion. seduayah, a medicinal plant (unid.). sedut, to sniff up the nostril; hati tersedut, sullenly angry. sega, smooth; shining on the surface; rotan s., the common rattan of commerce. segah, full, after meals; a sense of. distension. segak, gorgeously got up; dressy. segala, Tam. all, every; the whole of; s. tuboh,-the whole body. segan, reluctant; slow; penyegan, a sluggard; burong segan, the night- jar (caprimulgus macrurus); lepat segan, a Malay sweetmeat of banana and pulut rice. seganda, Skr. a name, or introductory name, of several fragrant plants, e.g., seganda-puri, s~ganda-mala. segar, feeling fit; healthy and strong; well; berasa s., to feel fit. segara, I. Skr. the ocean., II. Pers. sugar; = sagar. III. Jav. a flower; = sekara. segel, a Malay basket of rattan or wood for keeping captured animals. segera, Skr. speedily, promptly; mnny~ggrakan, to expedite, to hurry up. segi, side, corner, angle; gmpat seai or empat persegi, foursiided, square. segok, bad (of work that offends the eye). sehala, = sahaja. sehat, Ar. health; s. dan afiat, id. seher, Ar. ilmu s., the black art. sejahtera, Skr. peace, tranquillity, ease; selamat s., id. sejak, since; = symenjak. SKOPONG seiarah, Ar. annals; pedigree history. sjlat, to get rid of water (by filtration or evaporation); rinsing or steaming out. sejok, cold, cool; s. hati, calm; Jawa s., a name given to the pattern of the ordinary kerishandle, which, is really the Geroda bird whereon Vishnu rode. sekah, broken but not broken off; fractured but not severed. sekah, I. active, nimble. II. Ar. the mint-impression; the "guinea-stamp" on a coin. sekam, rice-husk, chaff. sekanda, = seganda. sekar, Jav. a flower. sekara, Jav. a flower; a poetic variant of sekar. sekarang, now; at present; s. ini, now at this very time; just now. sekat, I. opposing, intercept, obstruct, block, bar; sekatan, a bar; an obstruction; menyekati, to hinder; to obstruct. II. a clod (of earth). sekati, an obsolete musical instrument. sekedudok, = sendudok. sk6edup, Ar. the litter-like saddle on a camel's back. sekelian, = sakalian, from kali. sekerba, I. Skr. full brother. II. Skr. the name of a nymph of heaven. s6kerup, (Dutch) screw. sekhalat, =- sakhlat. sekin, Ar. a knife, a dagger. sekochi, (Dutch) a ship's cutter; a gig. sekoi, Italian millet (panicum Italicum). sfkolah, Porti school. sekopong, (Dutch) the suit "spades" in playing cards. [ 227 ]

SEKSA:seksa, Skr. punishment, tribulation, suffering; seksakan or mgnyeksakan, to torment; to -torture; to pain. sfksama, = saksama. sekul, Pers. a water vessel made of coconut shell. zsfkup, (Dutch) a spade; a shovel. s6kut, -a drug used by thieves to stupefy people they intend to rob.:s'la, interval between; interstice; tiada bersela, continuous, un - broken; s. batu, a shell (pholas) -cf. chelah, selang, etc.:sela, Port. a saddle. selada, Port. salad..seladang, the large wild ox of the Peninsula (bos gaurus). selad6ri, - seIderi. selah, = sela. selak, a door bolt; any sort of cross-bar. selak, lift up a curtain or garment; kain terselak, with the sarong drawn up high; selakkan. kain, to pull up a garment. selaka,. a bamboo frame on which garments are placed to be perfumed by burning fragrant wood inside the frame. II. Jav. silver. seialu, I. always. II. Pah. at once, immediately. s6lam, diving; juru s., a diver; s~lamkan, to give (a person) a ducking; menyelam, to dive. s61amat, Ar. peace, security, safety; s. sampai or s. jalan, bon voyage; s. tinggal, good- bye (from a traveller to those who stay behind); raja pun sltamatlah sampai ka-Mlaka, the prince reached Malacca aafely. s~lamba, rough, coarse of words; muka s., shameless, brazen. s1lampai, wearing a thing loosely suspended over the shoulder;. $Sf1LASA mnnyelampai, to wear in this way. selampit,. I. Ked. a travelling story - teller or rhapsodist. II. wearing a loin-cloth under the thighs. Selampuri, kain S6lampuri, Serampore-made cloth. Selan, Ceylon; batu S., the sapphire. selang, I. alternate; at intervals; s. dua pintu, every third door; s. tiga cmpat bulan, every three or four months; s el a n g i, to alternate; berselang, selang, seli, alternating. II. selangkan, a variant of sedangkan-v. sedang. selang, = silang. selangat, a fish (clupalosa bulan?). selangin, = senangin. selangka, tulang selangka, the collar - bone; kena s., to be executed (with the keris). selap, menyelap, to have hysterics; di-selap, in hysterics, in a fit. selaput, I. a film, a gauzy covering; s. mata, the film in cataract. II. Pen. mace. selar, I. to brand; s. dengan besi, id. II. creeping along the ground like a snake; ular tedong s., the hamadryad (naia bungarus); menyelar, to creep. III. ikan selar, a generic name given to a number of fish, e.g., caranx cambon and caranx gymnostochrides. selara, I. fine thorns like thistledown found on the skin of some plants. II. anak selara, a fish (unid.). selarong, a wild-beast track. Slasa, Ar.: hari S6lasa, Tuesday. Literary Thalatha. [ 228 ]

SELASAR selasar, a side-gallery or verandah in a house. selaseh, Skr. the basil (ocymum basilicum); s dandi, a little shrub (stachytarpheta Indica); mabok bunga s., drunk from wine, or love-sick. selasema, = selesema. selat, a strait; S. Singapura, the straits of Singapore; S. Teberau, the Johor straits. selatan, the south; ja u h kaselatan, far away to the south. selayun, a scarecrow of rags hung on strings-cf. selayut. si1ayur, ikan selayur, a fish (trichiurus savala?). selayut, = selayun. selderi, (Dutch) celery. selebu, laut selebu, the open sea. seleder, Jav. careless, slovenly. s&H6guri, a shrub (clerodendron disparifolium); s. padang, a small shrub (sida rhombifolia). selekeh, a stain, a splash of dirt; berselekeh, bespattered. selekoh, I. a bend or twist in direction; a turn in a road. II. a bastion. selekur, I. a fish (unid.). II. = sa-lekur; see lekur. selembada, sgmut s., a large unidentified ant. selembana, menyelembana,' to lay to (of a ship). selembayong, an arm or yard from which decorative streamers are suspended. Also sulor bayong. &sl-mbubu, angin selembubu, an eddying wind. selempang, cross -.wise,; s&[empangkan, to wear a garment cross-wise over the chest- cf. selepang. selendang, a shawl worn by women over the shoulders. seI6pa, = chelepa. SeLIMUT selepang, thrown on and over the shoulder (as a shawl)-cf. selempang. s8lepat, besmeared, bedaubed. sHlepong, berselepong, dirtied. selera, Skr. I. body; a very poetical equivalent of badan. II. appetite, enjoyment of eating; s. tiada, to have lost one's appetite. selesa, uncramped; spacious; with ample accommodation. selesai, settle, terminated; satelah selesai daripada belajar, when his education was finished,. selesaikan, to wind -up; to terminate. sClesema, a cold in the head; also sema-sema. s~leweng, untidy, of persons, work. seli, selang-seli, alternating. selia, Pah. to look; seliakan, to look for. seliap, a fish (chorinemus moadetta). selidek, make diligent enquiry or investigation-cf. sidek. seligi, a sharp light bamboo, or wooden dart, or pointed stick. seligut, winding in and out (as persons through a crowd). selimbar, a large wild gambier (uncaria sclerophylla). selimpat, plaited work; wicker; s; ayer, a small aroid (aglaonema minus), ular s., a generic name for sea - snakes owing to their flattened tails [the name is applied especially to enhydris hardwickii]; ular s. katanjj tebu, a name for broad-banded sea-snakes, e.g., distira stokesii and chersydrus granulatus; ular s. sungai, a small sea-snake without distinctive markings (enhydrina valakadyen). selimut, kain s., a blanket; a rug; [ 229 ]

S$LINAP selimuti, to wrap up in a blanket; sglimutkan, to use as a sheet. salinap, tearing off the skin of anything, e.g., of a fowl to avoid the trouble of plucking the feathers. s1!indong, hiding, veiling - cf. lindong. s!ling, Jav. glazed earthenware; china-ware; porcelain. selira, = selera. sl1irat, mesh-work; ordered entanglement-cf. sirat. si!iri, a seat or stool mentioned in. old romances. szliseh, to disagree; berseliseh, (of things), to fail to meet (of joinery); perselisehan, a dispute. s5lisek, picking out fleas or lice from the hair; preening the feathers (of a bird); mrnyelisek, to cleanse the hair or feathers. selisir, walking round the edge of anything. selit, I. to thrust in between; tMrselit, stuck or jammed between two surfaces. II. (Dutch) end, conclusion. salitar, all round, = kHliling; s. alam, all over the world; (by extension) a ruler or spirit whose power is felt all over the earth. selodok, menyglodok, to worm one's way through jungle. selok, to grope after something hidden, e.g., as a man in his pocket for a coin; mWnySlok, to grope about with the hand. sWloka, Skr. verses; rhyme; ironical or satirical poetry when not in the form of the pantun. s#lomor, the slough of a snake. selompot, Mal. mace. selongkar, menyelongkar, to:search a man's belongingsy e.g., SEMAH for stolen property. Cf. bongkar. seloroh, farcical, droll. seluang, a fish (unid.). sluar, Pers. trousers, breeches; sa-helai s., a pair of trousers; s. bulat, pyjama trousers; s. China, Chinese trousers; s. kotong, short trousers-such as those worn by 'rikisha coolies; s. sampak, trousers worn by Malays in the rice fields. selubong, veiling, covering; selubongkan diri, to cover oneself with a veil. seludang, the sheath or outer covering of a palm blossom; s. mayang, id. seludip, the sheath or outer covering of young palm. seludu, a fish (arius gagora). selukat, a musical instrument forming part of the gamelan or Javanese orchestra. seiumar, a tree (musssendopsis beccariana). selumbar, long thorns-such as those of the nibong; splinter. selumput, touchy; ill-tempered. selupat, a natural thin filmy covering, such as the almost transparent skin under the shell of an egg —cf. selaput. selurai, a kind of vermicelli.* seluroh, see lurah. selusoh, a generic name for all drugs, medicines and charms used for facilitating delivery in child-birth; s. b~ranak, id.; s. uri, a drug for getting rid of the afterbirth. selusor, Pah. the hand-rail of a bridge. salut, mud, slush; clammy as mud. sema, sema-sema, a cold in the head; also- selsema. semah, a propitiatory offering to evil spirits; a sacrifice; jin yang [ 230 ] i, A,.

SC!MAI k urang s., a hungry ghost; pnygemah, a sacrifice. semai, semaian, a nursery for rice - plants; mgnyemai, simaikan, to plant in a nursery. semala, but, only; = sahaja. semak, thick undergrowth, scrub; jalan yang s., a road that has become overgrown; s. samun, extremely overgrown. semambu,; rotan semambu, the Malacca cane (calamus scipionum); s. bangkut, a Malacca cane of which two or more joints occur exceptionally close to one another, a peculiarity believed to bring luck. semampai, loosely lashed together (as the component parts of a raft). seman, fruitless; abortive; coming to nothing, e.g., of tapai; futile, of a petulant child who will not eat or obey orders. semandar, Ar. and Pers. a salamander. Semang, a name given to Negrito aborigines in the country near the headwaters of the Perak river. samangat, the spirit of life; the soul in the ancient Indonesian sense; a term of endearment; ambil s., to capture another person's s~mangat and so render that person subject to your will; buah s., special padi-stalks used as an offering at the harvest rites; hilanp s., kurang s., or lemas s., faint, weary; kur s., an expression used in invoking a semangat, because of its birdlike character, a term of endearment; terbang s., to depart of the spirit of life, resulting in temporary unconsciousness; s.:pad i, the spirit of life in the ~ padi. SEMBAM semanggi, water-cress. semangka, the water - melon (citrullus edulis). semangkok, a plant (croton argyratus). semanja, a variant of stmaja and sahaja. semantan, nyiur smnantan, a coconut at the stage when the water inside can just begin to be heard on the nut being shaken. Cf. santan. Semar, I. a comic character in a Javanese play. II. as far as, up to, until. semat, a sort of lath used for pinning pieces of alap together in making roofing; p&r-sematkan, to pin together, e.g., sheets of paper. semata, Skr. quite; utterly; often sa-mata. semawang, Ked. = sembawang. semayam, sitting enthroned; bUrsemayam, to sit on the throne in state; (fig.) to reside (of a prince). sembah, a salutation suggestive of deep respect or homage; (fig.) the speech of a subject to a prince; an offering by a subject to a prince; d~mikian-lah sembah-nya, thus he- (the sub. ject) spake; membawa s~mbah daripada buah-buahan, bringing offerings of fruit; sembahkan, to convey (a message or offering) to a prince; to represent (facts) to a prince; memp rsembahkan, id.; menypmbah, to perform the salutation of homage; to do obeisance; p&rs~mbahan, an offering. sembahyang, to worship God; to pray;-cf. simbah and yang; ayer s., water for ceremonial ablution at a mosque. sembam, I, falliqg face foremost; [ 231 ]

StMBAP ttrsembam, sungkur s., id. II. cook fish over embers, sembap, swollen with dropsy. sembat, casting with a backward jerk (as one casts a net to make it open out). sembat, I. a snare for rats and mice. II. menyembat, to whip (anything) forcibly up one's sleeve. sembawang, a tree (kayea ferruginea). i sembawarna, Ked. = semburna. sembeleh,' to slaughter by cutting the throat; killing. sembelit, costive; constipation. semberani, (? Tam =bay) kuda s., a Pegasus; a steed of supernatural power; besi b~sembgrani,: magnetic iron. s`mberap, a sireh-box. sfmberip, a brass pedestal tray or stand for one plate, sembeta, props to keep a boat upright when hauled ashore or steady in a surf on a shallow. sembilan, nine; one taken from ten (sa-ambilan); Neg~ri S., the Nine States (a name given to a confederacy of Menangkabau States). sambilang, ikan s., a generic name for some fish with very poisonous fins (plotosus canias, p. unicolor, p. lineatus and perhaps, p. horridus). *-mbilu, a bamboo knife; a sharpened splindeir of bamboo. simbir, I. the edge or rim of a plate. II. to "show wrong" (of the compass).; semboh, healing, getting well, recovering; s~mbohkan: to heal; to cause an illness' to end in recovery. sembong, a strongly scented herb (blumea btatsdmifetra). S1MSMNJAK semboyan, a tocsin; an alarmgun, or alarm-bell, or gong. sembuang, I. an offering cast away in the jungle ifor evil spirits. II. a mooring-post or winning-post. sembul, protuberant, prominent (of the breasts, a bruise), etc. sembulu, rough-hewn, unplaned, in the rough (of timber). s~mbuni, = s~mbunyi. sembunyi, concealment; sembunyikan to conceal; bersembunyi, in hiding; tWrsembunyi, hidden. sembur, ejecting forcibly from the mouth; spitting out [the word is not used of actual spitting (ludah), but of a snake spitting out venom or of a man spitting out a mouthful of water], s~niburkan, to spit oit. semburit, sodomy. semburna, Skr. gold - coloured; aureate. sEmedang, Pk. always. simejak, = semenjak. semejana, = sem~njana. semelit, = s~mbelit. sememeh, besmeared, befouled, dirty, of the face. ' e semena, tiada s., without reason; often written tiada sa - mana - mana. simenanjong, peninsula. simenda, N.S., Pah. the transference of a man's residence to the home of his wife's familyorang s., a man who has married into his wife's tribe; tempat '., a married man's wife's relations. semenndal, mica. semenderasa, Jav. a name for the chempaka flower. semenggah, harmonious, fitting, proper; ta' s., unbecoming. menlak, since; s. p~rang China, since the war in China. [ 232: 1

St:MfNJANA semenjana, mediocre, middling. semgntang, although; granting that; while; = suggoh pun. s8m6ntara, while, during, for a time, temporary; s. 'dia lagi kechil while he was still young; hal negeri ini sfmentara sahaja tiada akan kekal the status of this settlement is purely temporary; it will not endure. s6m6nt6lah, the -more, s6m6ntong, blunt, simple, dullwitted. s&merbak, spreading, diffusive, all-permeating (of a perfume), samerbok, = semgrbak. sCmbrdanta, Skr. white pearly teeth; often written asniara danta. s6m6sta, Skr. all, entire; alam s., the whole world; sarwa semgsta sakalian, the universe; all and everything. semilir, silir-semilir, waving (as the end of a garment). semista, = semesta. s~mpada, k~tam s., a kind of crab. sempadan, a boundary. sempaki chipped, notched, injured along the edge. sempal, jutting out; menyempal, to jut out; tMrsempal, prominent. siempana, fortunate, lucky, blessed, 'kris s., a common name for a creese with 7 waves. sempang, crossing; cutting across each other (of roads); cross roads;' s. siur, zigzag; mtnpem. pang, to turn off in another direction, (of a man on a journey). sempat, able to do anything; having time to; aku tiada sempat lari, I had not time to get away. s6mp!lah, accursed, good for nothing; anak s., a term of abuse. SENA smpa, bsp at, begrimed, dirty of the skin. simpena, a lucky mark on-a keris -cf. sgmpana. semperna, = sempurna. sempit, narrow; confined (of space); kesempitan belanja, narrowness of means; poverty. sempok, menyempok, to come into conflict with; to run up against. sempudal, bUrsempudal, J. dirty, filthy of clothes, crockery, the person. sempuras, K. dirty, unwashed (of the face). sempurna, Skr. complete, realised, perfect; s. ketahuan-nya, his knowledge is perfect; s~mpurnakan, to complete, to perfect. semu, deceit; bermain semu, to play a deceitful game; t'rsemu, deceived. semua, Skr. all; the whole; every one of; kestmua - nya, all of them. semudera, Skr. I. the ocean. II. the name of an extinct state in Acheen, which gave its name to the island of Sumatra. semugut, = singgugut. semurup, Pk. a lean-to. semut, a generic name for ants other than the white ant (anaianai) and the fire-ant ( kgS r~ngga); s. api, a long black ant which stings badly (nobo, pelta distinguenda); s. sabong,~ a black and red ant found in boats and sandy places (sImrt rufonigra), it also stings hbadly. sena, I. Ar. sena maki, "mecca senna"; the true senna obtained from the tree sassia angustifolia. II. pokok sgna, the angsana tree ( pterocarpus Indicus ); also angsana. sena, Skr. an army; infantry.: 233: ]

$SiNAK senak, griping pains in the stomach. senam, I. the dark colour visible when plated ware is scratched; nampak s., he is seen in his true colours. II. bersenam, to stretch oneself on waking; to do physical drill. senang, comfortable, easy; s. mgnipu dia, it is easy to deceive him; k~s~nangan, comfort; senangkan diri, to make oneself comfortable. senangin, a fish (otholithus maculatus:). senantiasa, = sen6ntiasa. s6napang, (Dutch) a musket, a gun; s. batu, a flint - lock; s. cap," a muzzle-loader; s. k6mbar, a double-barrelled gun; s. kopak, a breech-loader; s. terkul, a rifled gun; mengisi s., to load a gun. senawi, a passenger who works his passage. Snayan, Ar. bari Senayan, Monday; also hari Isnin. senda, I. a joke; a jest, flirtation; gurau s., id.; bnrsenda-gurau or bgrgurau senda, to flirt. II. Skr. I, myself; =- sahaya'nda. sindal, I. to insert, e.g., stick under a door. II. surreptitious theft; to pick a pocket. s ndalu, angin sendalu, a Imoderate breeze. sendar, to snore, of children. sndat, tnrsendat, wedged in; nipped. sendawa, Skr. saltpetre. sendel, leaning against; borsendel bahu, shoulder to shoulder. Sendeng, heeling over; laid against anything at an angle; tersendengsendeng, leaning first to one side; then to another. s6nderong, a marine mollusc (unid.). $SNGGAYUT sendi, Skr. muscle, sinew, joint; terchabut - lah s6ndi bahu - nya his shoulder was put out of joint; btrsendi, with a hinge or fastening; mounted in. sendiri, self;sahaya s., I. myself -cf. din. sendochong, a fresh-water fish (unid.). sendok, a spoon, a ladle; siput s., a shell (patella sp.); menyendok, to eat anything with a spoon, ladle up. sendong, a narrow pen to confine a buffalo for milking. sendu, depressed, serious, melancholy ---cf. sedu. sendudok, a rhododendron - like shrub (melastoma polyanthum). senentiasa, Skr. always perpetually; also sentiasa. sengala, deliberately, on purpose; tiada s.ahaya s., I did not do it intentionally. sengal, I. rheumatic or gouty twinges. II. Pen. = senyar. sengam, minyingam, to gorge. siengap, quiet (of a child). Also senyap. sEngarat, a fish (unid.). sengat, a sting; the venomous "bite" of an insect; menyengat, to sting; pgnygngat, a wasp. sengau, talking through the nose. sengerek, = pengerek, senggirek. senget, heeling or leaning over; tersenget, set at an angle, inclined. senggama, Skr. union; federation. s8nggau, rising on tiptoe and stretching out to draw something towards oneself; reaching of fire across an intervening space. s*nggayut, dangling (of a man, or. apr, or bat, hanging by i the hands).., [ 234 i

SEtNGCEK K senggek, long-toothed. senggirek, I. an anger. II.? Skt. rusa s., the unicorn. ~snggok, nodding; tapping with the head; senggokkan kspala, Ato bump the head (against the ground or wall). senggugut, dysmenorrhoea. senggulong, a millipede that rolls itself up into a ball when touched. senggut, a sidelong blow with the head; to butt with the horn -cf. senggok. sengit, pungent (of odour). sengkak, nauseated from qverfeeding. sengkalan, a wooden slab on which curry-stuff is pounded. sengkang, thwart; position across; cross - bar; tersengkang, jammed across. sengkang, jalan mrnyengkang, to walk unevenly. sengkar, a crossbar or thwart in a boat. zsngkarut, interlacing; bersengkarut, in a tangle; involved, of a story, of debtors. sengkat, succinct; too short; limited. sengkau, s. p~rahu, the Malay weasel (putorius nudipes). sengkayan, a waterspout. s6ngkela, Skr. shackles, fetters, hobbles. sengkelang, crossed (of the arms or legs). sengkelang, a slanting cross; an irregular figure; bad of work. sengkelat, = sakhlat. sengkelat, filthy; unwashed (of the abaimana)-a term of abuse. sengkeling, crossing the legs slightly by laying one just, over the other, or the hand across the back. s-Fngkliit, a band into which the StNONOH feet are placed when climbing a tree. s6ngkenit, a tick. sengkuang, the yam-bean (pachyrrhizus angulatus), sengkuap, a canopy; a kitchen adjunct. sengkul, difficulty in swallowing (due to an inflamed or sore throat). sengongot, a fish (unid.). sengsara, Skr. pain, agony, torture; azab s., seksa s., or susah s., id. sengsat, to put end by end (as in eking out a short strand in weaving a mat); to print quatrains with the lines indicating the rhymes. sengseng, = singsing. sengsut, Mal. a fabulous man - eating ape that walks with its head between its legs. seni, delicate of texture; clear in tone; thin and fine; intan yang s., diamonds of fine water; ager s., urine. senja, Skr. evenfall; s. kala id.; awal s., the early part of the evening. senjak, since, = sgmenjak. zsnjakala, see senja. s6njata, Skr. instrument of warfare; weapon; a lat s., warmaterial. sejolong, having a long projecting snout-a descriptive name given to the gavial (tomistoma schlegeli), to small sword fish, and to certain types of boatscf. jolong. seniong, the bar of a pair of scales. senohong, a salt - water? fish (unid.).. ~ senonoh, becoming; fitting, suitable; tiaqda s., improper (especially of conduct). [ 235 ]

MSNTA santa, the horizontal supports for the thwarts in a boat. s6ntada, I. a species of ant. II. a tree resembling the yew (podocarpus neglectus). a sentadu, iat sentadu, a large green caterpillar. sentak, a jerk; a pull, sentakkan or mhnyentakkan, to give a sudden tug, e.g., at one's keris. sintal; to rub vigorously with a hard surface; scrubbing. - sintana, Jav. family, kindred; kula sentana, id. senteng, = stnting. s/ntbri, Tam. a wandering student- a wanderer; a stranger generally; dagang s., id. sentiasa, Skr. always; also senentiasa. sgntil, to stick anything into a hole so that it is partly in and partly out, e.g., a quid of tobacco into the mouth so that it is visible through the cheek. sintoh, tersgntoh, collide; knock up against, of persons. sentok, = sintok. sbntolar, plaiting or twisting an extra strand into a rope; adding a lash to a whip. sentong, a ring, a circle; a eircular enclosure, the bunt of a net; kain s., a sarong that has been sewn ready for use; baju s., a jacket with oval opening for head. s^ntosa, Skr. rest, peace; tranquil; k~sentosaan, id.; seldmat sintosa, "peace and happiness." sentul, a fruit tree (sandoricum Indicurm). S6nuhun, Jav. a royal title; a f monarch; Sang S., his majesty. s&nyak, = s~nyap. sanyampang, See nyampang, Rsniyap, I. sunyi senydap, extreme. ly lonely; deserted ---a strong S3PJiRBA form of sunyi. II. = lentyap. III. - sengap. senyar, tingling, the sensation caused by a blow on the funnybone. Also sengal. senyum, smiling, a smile; s. simpul, a smile accompanied by a blush; s. raja, a hypocritical smile; tersenyum, with a smileon the face; smiling. senyur, Port. senhor; Mr.; Sir. sepah, a quid (of betel) s. bulan, a hazel-worm or filbertworm; s. puteri, a name given (1) to a pretty bird (diceunt cruentatum); (2) to a large tree (pentace triptera); s. raja, thebird of paradise. sepah, tirsepah, littered about. sepai, scattered about. sepak, a slap, blow with the flat of the hand or a racquet; mnny~pak, to slap. sepak, to kick with the side of the foot; spurning; s. raga, the Malay football; k~mudi s., a paddle-rudder in contradistinction to a hinged rudder of European type. sepam, a large wild mango (man-' gifera Maingayi). sepan, a tree (dialium patens). sepang, the "sappan" tree (asalpinia sappan). separoh, see paroh. s6pat, ikan sepat, a fish (coleravulgaris). sepatu, Port. shoes. ifpegoh, a marine mussel yielding pearls of little value. seper, = szpir. sepErai, (Dutch) a counterpaneor coverlet. Sp~rba, Skr. the name of A nymph of Indra's heaven, whosetwo companions were Ni!a Utama and Maniaka; Sang S., 'the legendary founder of the [ 23B 1

StPtfRTI Malayan Empires, according to the confused Malay tradition. sep~rti, like; similar to; as to; according to; dengan sepgrti - nya, as a thing should be; appropriately; sepirtikan, as though about to. sepet, half-closed (of the eyes); almond shaped; buta s., blindso that the eyes become closed as well as sightless. sepi, Jav. still, quiet, calm. sepit, nip, confined, squeeze or press between two surfaces kueh s., a wafer-like Malay biscuit; bersepit, possessing claws (as a crab). sepoh, gloss, glaze; mas yang sudah tersepoh, burnished gold; menyepoh, to burnish, i.e., with a preparation of alum and saltpetre. sepok, tersepok, cast carelessly aside. sepui, gently blowing; soft (of the breeze). sepuleh, akar s~puleh, a plant (fragroea racemosa or ophioxy-. Ion serpentinum). seput, dull (of colours). sera, I. tgrsera - sra, rushing. frantically about. II. bright, glowing. III. a midge. serabai, a cake made of flour and coconut milk. serabut, shaggy, fibrous-cf. sabut. siradong, terseradong kaki, to, have one's foot caught in anything, to trip. seraga, bantal seraga, a large. round cushion used at weddings. serah, s~rahkan or m~ny6rahkan,! to hand over, surrender; serahl kan diri, to submit oneself to another's control,; berserah, id.; terserah, given over, surrender*ed.. SiRANGGONG serah, glowing red; fiery red. serahi, Ar. a wine-bottle or flask. serai, lemon grass (andropogoAn schoenanthus), serak, I. hoarse; mucus in the throat and nostrils; tertawa sampai s., to laugh oneself hoarse. II. a little loose (of a fastening).., serak, scattering in disorder; serak-serakkan, to disperse. II, tumboh serak, young sprouts in water. sCram, to stiffen (of the muscles); to stand on end (of the hair). seram, = siram. serama, Skr. in time, in measure, rhythmical; gendang s., a drum (one side of which is beaten by the hand, the other by a drumstick); menyerama, to beat time. serambi, (Malayalamn) a Malay open verandah. serampang, a barbed trident for spearing fish. serana, I. Skr. style, fashion; general effect. II. mgnyerana, to pine away; also merana. siranah, curse, cursing; imprecations; sumpah s., id, serandang, a prop formed by crossing two sticks. Serandib, Pers. Pulau Serandib, Ceylon. serandong, tripping or stumb.ling over = seradong. serang, I. assault, attack, charging, onslaught; menyerang, to sail. II. Hind. a "serang" or petty officer on a ship; a quartermaster. III. serang-mgnyerang, wavy (of colouring); changing tint according to light. serang, wide-meshed (of baskets, nets, etc.)..seranggong, menyeranggong, to sit with one's elbows on the [ 237 ]

StRAlNOKAK table; to squat with the knees wide apart-cf. ranggong. s6rangkak, a girdle of thorns put round a tree to prevent thieves climbing it. S6rani, Ar. " Nazarene "; Christian (especially Roman Catholic); Eurasian- also Nasrani. serangsang, shouting abuse, of women. seranta, advertising a fact; letting everyone know. strap, absorb, sponge up, suck up; embun di-sOrap panas, dew sucked up by heat. serap, I. a wooden dado or planking along the base of a wall. II. a Javanese sleep-producing spell. s6rapah, Skr. a curse; an imprecation. serapeh, kena smrapeh, to be chipped or abraded by a blow. s6rasa, a name for sireh. *rasi, = sa-raksi. s6rat, jammed; held fast in an aperture. s-ratong, a small tree (tabernaemontana corymbosa). s6rau, I. noise, e.g., of water. II. celluloid tissue, of teeth, ivory; net-like stuff. strawa, a fritter made of banana and flour. S$rawak, Sarawak. szrawan, = s~riawan. s6raya I. with, while, along with, during, as; b rtanya s~raya tirsgnyum, to ask with a smile. I. a generic name for timbers obtained from trees of the genera shorea and hopea. IIi. Skr. cminyTaya, give co-operative help, aid in numbers, e.g., to plant rice. erhb, Skr. of all sorts; various; all kinds of; s. neka or s. sgrbi, Id.; s. salah, in the wrong whatever one does; s. sa-dikit, a little StRENDENG of all kinds; s. puteh, all white, e.g., of the various garments that make up a costume. serbah, serbah-sgrbeh, wearing a sarong in a slovenly way. serbak, mgnyerbak, to spread; to be diffused (of an odour). serban, I. Pers. a turban. II. numbed. s6rbat, Ar. a cooling drink of any sort; also sharbat. serbeh, see serbah-s~rbeh. slrbet, (Dutch) serviette, napkin. serbi, serba - serbi, all sorts; various. serbok, powder, fine dust; s. kikir, filings. serbu, to dash forward, charge; meny~rbukan diri, to throw oneself upon the enemy. serdadu, Port. a soldier. serdak, I. fine dust - such as collects on furniture. II. Pen. crumbs of food. serdam, a native fife of bamboo. serdang, a tall fan-palm (livistona Cochinchinensis). s'rdeh, sticking out (of the stomach or chest, when a man does not sit upright). ' serek, I. frightened off; amending one's ways through a bad fright. II. (ondon.) serok-sgrek, cracking, of the finger-joints. serek, menyerek, bluffing of fighting cocks. scremban, I. a game played by children. II. wearing the sarong high in front and low behind. s6r6mpak, I. hastily and slovenly done (of work). 1I.; t4rsergmpak, meeting. serempu, a rough keel shaped like a dug-out; jalur s., a dug-out. serendah, I. the dwarf banana. II. a variety of rice. serendeng, heeling over; aslant. [ 238 3

Si3RtNGAM seringam, bmrserengam, overabundant; excessive, as hair in nostrils, ants in sugar. serenjang, perpendicular (of a flagstaff, tree, etc.). seresah, rubbish, offal. seret, menyeret, to trail after one; to drag over the ground behind one; kasut s., grass slippers. sirgah, mnnyergah, to startle anyone with a sudden sound or movement. sergam, standing out; in bold relief; conspicuous. s6rgap, menyergap, to surprise with a sudden onslaught. I sbrgut, roughly finished; coarsely done (of bad work). seri, I. Skr. charm, beauty, glory; the best of anything; s. nIegeri, the pride of the city; s. balai, the heart of the audience hall; s. menanti, the waiting hall in a Javanese palace; s. muka, the light of the countenance; s. kaya, the custard apple, the sugar apple (anona squamosa); barseri, to brighten up (of the countenance). II. drawn (of a game). s.riap, a grey sea heron. seriat, I. a large comb with long trailers which are drawn through the water frightening shrimps and prawns to leap out of the water and fall into a boat. II. Pk. abated, of rain. seriawan, a sort of sprue. seriding, side, border, edge, fringe. sirigala, Skr. a jackal; anjing s., the wild dog (cyon rtutilans). sirikat, Ar. the joint earnings of husband and wife; partnership. Sirlkaya, see seri. serimala, carpenter. s*rindai, an evil spirit. s"rindit, the love-bird (loriculus galgulus). StIRONGGONG s6ring, I. stiff (of cloth or paper). II. the feeling of "goose-flesh"; s. scram, id. III. (onom.) humming, of a bee; bunga di-sering kumbang, a flower an insect has buzzed round, fig., a maid deflowered. IV. Jav. siring kali, occasionally. siringai, menyeringai, to grin (of apes). Sriwa, part of the title of a Bendahara, i.e., B~ndahara S~riwa Raja. serja, a cloth-fabric; serge? s~rkah, torn apart, split. s/rkai, rinsing or wringing out. serkap, a coop-shaped fish-trap thrust down over a fish. serkup, enclosing under a dome or cup-shaped surface; to catch with a serkap. sirlah, glowing white. serling, a pitfall. sermangin, a musical instrument. sirobeh, dishevelled (of the hair). siroda, a belt of thorns (also serangkak) placed round a tree to stop thieves climbing. serodi, filing down precious stones. s6roh, shrunken; reduced (of a boil). serola, Skr. the lotus (nelumbium speciosum). sirok, a measure of capacity, = about 10 gantang. serok, a fish-trap (better-known as kelong). seroka, meny~roka, N.S. to open up a new country, esp. ricefields. strokan, a water- course; a stream. serombong, a funnel, a hollow cylinder; pahat s., a chisel. serong, askew, at an angle. sironggong, cross beams- used in mining. t 239 ]

ARON~O 0r"nko,Ked., Pk. pleasant, 4~greetabe; _s~dap. s -rI chipping lopping off.,."rpeh, 'chipping;.a chip. p~rta, Skr. with,.together with; accompanying while; and; rajin Sgrta usaha, diligent and industrious;,serta-mgrta, at, that very moment; immediately;.on the spot; b&srta, along with, together with;, mny16rtai. to co-p operate with; to assist. se'rtup, closing; -shuttin~g up. seru 1,I Skr. all; s. sakalian, id,"; s. simt~sta sakalian, id.Jetr Sarwa.' IL. brs~ru to call out,loudly;, menyera, i1. s~uia isipea with a single barb., Serul, Pen., Pk. inadlxesive (of grains of boiled rice). serun, Ked.; a fowl-house. serunai, a name given to a numhber of musical instruments (especially to a wooden whistle with a slide for varying the pitch); buay a s., a name given to, the g avial. s&6runding, a Javanese preparation of ground coconut. o~runtun, akar s,6runtun, a medicinal shrub (lepidagathis Ilon gistrut (onom.), a dull scraping sound. s~sah, to beat with a cane. * "ak closely pressed, packed tighty; busy, overwhelmed with work sait s., dada, suffering from bochitis or asthma; pE~noh S.. full to crowding.,01sal, sorrow eetn sgsaLkain, to regret (anythingS meROWal to, feel regret. isgsap, lpping up water, (of,aniMals); -sesapan, -salt _-flick,_N.S...abanidoned lands; s, burorag, a pool frequented by b~irds zsosar, to push- or shove aside.; jjang hidup sesarkan mati, the living displace, the dead. s~sat,, straying. from the -right path; s. jaan, astray,; s, darat, confused; di-pirse'sat, led astray. seesal = sawi-sawi, *sOs~gjan, =(b urong) s~gan., s~s~ma, se'ma-s~m'a. sesorok,, = sorok-sorok. sesumnrpit, =1 SUMPIt-sumpit. se'ta, Skr. a cubit. Better-hasta. setak, Pah. a small fishing-boat. se'takona, =astakona. setmbn asall tree, (baccaurea parvifolia). Setan, Ar. a devil, an evil spirit, Satan. Better Shaitan. setanggar, = istinggar. seftanggi, Skr. incense; also istanggi9. setawar, the name of some medicinal herbs (costus speciosus and forrestia spp.)., s~terawan, I= sastgraivan. S~t,6ria, Skr, a Kshatriya; a member of the warrior-caste. sZ-teriman, a jpetty officer On, a ship. stR~u, Skr. a personal (not national) enemy; b~rs~tiru to be at enmity with; pgrs~truan,. a feud. sCAt~up, (Dutch) syrup. s~tia, Skr. loyal, fidelity, faith, constant; s. tMgoh, firmly'loyal. s~tiawan, Skr. loyal, faithful, constant-cf. s~tia. s~tinggil, a reef in a sail. s~tlnja,, = istinj'a. setoka, a fish (unid.). s4iftolop, (Dutch) a wall-lamp., setru = s~teru. setu, Jay. blessing. (of a Hindu divinity or ascetic blessing, a devotee);- laying a, transformationf on a persop;_s~tui, to bless; to 11lay a spell on. [ 24A J

StTUA setua, Skr. an animal; marga s., animals generally; s. angkara, a fabulous wild beast. setul, a marine plant (enhalus acoroides). sewa, hire, hiring, leasing; sewakan, to lease, to let; rumah se waan, a house held on or intended for leasehold tenure menyewa, to hire. sewah, I. a short curved dagger. II. a generic name given to a number of birds of prey; s. belalang ( Microhierax fringil - larius); lang s., the large kite (pernis tweeddalii); s. tekukur, the Indian koel ( eudynamis honorata). sewal, misfortune. Cf. sial. Shaaban, Ar. the name of a Muhammadan month. shaer, Ar. poem. shafaat, Ar. intercession. shafakat, Ar. kindness. Shafei, Ar. Shafiite. shah, Pers. king, sovereign; a royal title; s. johan, ruler of the world; s. mardan, king of men; s. bandar, harbour master. shahadan, furthermore - a common exordium to a paragraph. shahadat, Ar. attestation; the confession of faith. shahbandar, see shah. shahid, Ar. mati shahid, dying a martyr; killed in a holy war. shahuat, Ar. voluptuous sensation, orgasm. Shaikh, Ar. a title given to Arabs who are not descendants of the Prophet. Shaitan, Ar. an evil spirit; a devil; Satan; also Setan. shalrat, Ar. a tree. shak, Ar. doubt, suspicion; sh. hati, suspicious. shakar, Pers. sugar. shal, Pers. a shawl. SIAKAP -hamsu, Ar. the sun. shara', Ar. hukum shara', Muhammadan law. sharat, Ar. article or clause in a contract. sharbat, Ar. wine, cooling drink; also serbat. shareat, Ar. ritual. Sharif, Ar. noble; a title of descendants of the Prophet through Hashim. Sharifah, Ar. noble; a title given to women descended from the Prophet; also Suripah and coll. Che Pah. sharikat, Ar. the joint earnings of husband and wife; a partnership; also serikat. Shawal, Ar. the name of a Muhammadan month. shok, Ar. gay, pleasant. shufaat, = shafaat. shukur, Ar. thanks; beribu shiikur, thousands of thanks. shur, Ar. (lit. distilled honey), advice, counsel, e.g., of the British Adviser. Cf. meshuarat. shurga, Skr. heaven; also sorga. si, a prefix (half contemptuous) to the names of persons and personified animals or things; si-anu, so-and-so; si-apa, who, what person; si-engkau si-aku, a person with whom you can take liberties (using familiar words like aku and engkau). sia, sia-sia, idle, useless, futile; dengan sia-sia, uselessly. siah, bUrsiah, bustling; s. layah, swaying about. siak, I. the caretaker of a mosque. II. akar siak, a slender climber with white flowers (phjsostelma Wallichii). III. Siak, a state in Sumatra; bakul S., a tiffin-basket. IV. Ked. to pour out. siakap, a fish (Ldtes sp.).,[ 241 ]

SIAL sial, ill-omened; ill-starred, unlucky. sialang, N.S. pokok sialang, any large tree on which bees build a nest; bersialang, to swarm (of bees). Cf. toalang. siamang, Skt. the well - known long-armed ape (symphalangus syndactylus). siang, daylight; s. hari, during the daytime; bulan k~siangan, the moon in daylight-a symbol of pallor. siap, ready; sudah s., it is ready; siapkan, to get ready; bersiap, to be ready. siapa, who; see si. siar, I. Port. bersiar, to stroll about. II. welding together pieces of heated metal. siasat, I. Ar. chastisement. II. government, control. III. siasatkan, to enquire into carefully. slat, siatkan, to tear to pieces. siau, cooled to a bearable temperature (of water, metal, etc.). sibang, sibang - sibok, snatching at a thing as one passes by. sibar, sibar-sibar, a border sewn on to embroidery. sibok, I. birsibok, in a whirl (of work or amusement). II. sibang- sibok, snatching at a thing as one passes by. sibur, a ladle of coconut shell. sida, sida-sida, eunuchs. sidaguri, = sgleguri. sidai, to hang clothes to dry; penyidai kain, a clothes' cord or rail; tcrsidai, hung to dry. sidang, I. a gathering, a council; s. mnshuarat, members of council; s. Jumaat, the Friday meeting for congregational service. II. the sharpened edge of a knife (showing the scraping of the grindstone). III. Pk., Pah. pouring steadily, of rain. SILA sidek, to investigate-cf. selidek. siding, a sharply defined edge; a low dyke or fence; a long rattan with nooses used in catching dwarf-deer. sidi, Skr. effective, of incantations. sifat, = sipat. sifir, Ar. cypher, naught. sigai, tangga sigai, a ladder made by lashing short pieces of wood to a tree-trunk. sigap, I. bearing, pose; = sikap. II. Jav. to have one's weapons ready for use. sigar, kain sigar, a head -dress worn by a bridegroom. sigi, I. pointing the finger at any person or thing. II. a band of thin metal round the sheath of a keris. III. a torch of resinous wood. sigong, menyigong, to give a dig with the elbow. sihat, = sehat. sihir, = seher. sikap, I. manner, bearing, pose; also sigap. II. lang sikap, a name given to small hawks (Microhierax fringillarius). III. baju sikap, a jacket with tight sleeves. sikat, a comb; a harrow; bNrsikat, combed, to comb, combing; pisang sa-sikat, (1) one row in a bunch of bananas (2) a penthouse kitchen adjunct, any shed with sloping roof. sikin, Ar. a knife. sikkah, = sekah. siku, the elbow; a sharp angle; s. jalan, a sharp turn in the road. sila, I. Skr. "welcome"; "please" (in "please sit down," etc.); s. dudok, pray be seated; silakan, be pleased to; kindly agree to; bersila, to sit down with legs crossed tailor-fashion; m4mper [ 242 J

SILAH silakan, to invite. IL. batu medang sila, a kind of gypsum used medicinally. III. benang s., a thick white thread. silah, Ar. silah-silah, a genealogical tree. silam, gloom, darkness; tersilam, benighted. silang, cross - wise; bersilang, crossed, marked with cross-cuts; silang - menyilang, lying across each other. silap, I. Ar. an error, a mistake. II. main s. mata, to do conjuring tricks; tukiang s. mata, a conjuror. silasilah, see silah. silat, fencing (the mimicry of fencing in a Malay sworddance); main s., a sword-dance; bUrsilat, to fence. silau, shimmering of light on water-cf. kilau. sileh, replacing; to repair a loss; s. mata, making good to the eyes, i.e., publicly paying a large sum only to have it quietly returned later. silir, silir-semilir, waving (as the loose end of a garment). silu, shy, retiring, modest. simbah, besprinkling; watering, e.g., dusty floor. simbai, smart in carriage. simbang, I. a sea-bird (procellaria sp.); simbangan, id. II. unreliable; musim s., the uncertain weather at the change of monsoon. simbok, a small basin or fingerbowl. simpai, I. fastening in a band; a rattan fastening on the handle of a chisel or similar object; rotan s., a piece of very flexible rattan used for this purpose. II. a monkey(semnopithecus melalophos). simpan, retaining in one's pos SINGKAP session; kept; s. di-hati, to remember; mWnyimpan, to keep; to preserve. simpang, -= sempang. simpir, let the wings droop (of a peacock). simpul, a knot; to tie, fasten; s. mati, a fast knot; s. puleh, a slip -knot; senyum s., a smile accompanied by a blush; simpulan, a fastening; menyimpul, to fasten. simpur, a generic name for a number of trees (especially dillenia Indica). sinar, ray of light; radiance; kena sinar matahari, to be struck by the sun's rays. sindat, a flat armlet worn by women. sinding, = sendeng. sindir, teasing, chaff; s. nyanyi, teasing in song; inenyindir, to chaff. sindura, Hind. minium, red-lead. singa, Skr. a lion; an ancient title. singar, N.S. ferocious, man-eating, of tigers. singga, = sa-hingga. singgah, touching at; visiting; breaking a journey; s.-m6nyinggah, to keep stopping at places, e.g., as a pedlar. singgang, I. fish cooked in salt. II. to bob up. and down, as in Swedish drill. singgasana, Skr. a throne or royal dais; s. kgrajaan, id. singgat, = sa-hingga. singgir, menyinggir, to open and reveal, as a bud the flower or lips the teeth. singgul, to hit or knock with the side of the head. singit, = senget. singkap, mWnyingkap, to open or draw aside a curtain or mosquito net. [ 243 ]

SINGKAT singkat, - sengkat. singkek, Ch. a "new-comer"; a contract - coolie fresh from China. singketa, Skr. a contest; bersingketa, to engage in conflict; Pk., to bear a grudge. singkil, I. singkil gigi, "on edge" of teeth. II. tali singkil, a cord holding up curtains. singkir, to tread a hen (of a cock); to push slightly aside. singkur, I. kicking aside; pushing aside; knocking out of the way. II. Pah. to pole, using either end of the pole alternately. singsing, rolling up the sleeves; fajar menyingsing, the day is breaking. sini, here; this way; this direction; di-sini, here; in this place; ka-sini, hither; dari sini, hence; di-saberang sini, on the nearer bank. sinjoh, to elbow a man out of the way. sinta, = senta. sintar, the blue-breasted banded rail (hypottenidia striata). sinting, I. seluar sinting, short trousers. II. a thin shell (placuna sella). sintok, a tree (cinnamomum sentu)? of the fibre of which a kind of soap is made; menyintok, to use this fibrous stuff for washing one's person. sinyur, - sengyur. sioman, - siuman. siong, I. tusks, large canine teeth; gigi s., the canines; bersiong, tusked. II. Pah. an eddy in a river due to a rock or snag. sipalbi, Hind. a sepoy; a soldier. sipat, Ar. a ruled or marked line; attributes; qualities, charms; tali s., a line drawn by a carpenter to guide him in his work. SIREH sipi, off the centre; wide of the mark. sipir, (Dutch) a cypher. sipu, kesipu-sipuan; tersipu-sipu, abashed, coy, affecting modesty. sipua, Ch. an abacus. siput, a generic name for many shells; the whorls, loops, lines and markings on the hand; s. bawang (bulla ampulla); s. belang chechak (terebra masca - ria); s. bulan (helix ovum); s. bulan puteh (natica mamilla); s. panjang (terebra maculata); s. sabang (solarium trochleare): s. tudong (trochus pyramis ); other shells have generic names of their own, e.g., rungkek, chongkak, etc. sir, I. Ar. secret. II. Ar. desire; the promptings of lust; s. bgrahi, id. sira, Jav. a title of distinction; Sira Panji, the nom de guerre of the famous Javanese hero Radin Inu Kertapati, Prince of Kuripan. sirai, dressed (of the hair). siram, besprinkling; watering; bersiram, to bathe (of a prince or princess); siramkan, to pour (a liquid over anything), to water. sirat, I. netting together; mata s., a mesh; siratan gigi, the meshlike appearance of regular teeth; penyirat kuku, the thin edge of skin covering the edge of the finger-nail. Ar. sirat - u'l - mustakim, the razor- edged bridge over which the true believer passes into heaven. sireh, the betel -vine (pi per betle); s. charang, soft new shoots on the vine; s. kadok (piper longum); s. kerakap. coarse leaves from the vine; janjong s., the pole or support of the [ 244 ]

SIRING sireh vine; makan s., to chew betel; santap s., id. (of princes chewing betel); tempat s. or bekas s., a betel - box; pesirehan, id. [The use of sireh in the betrothal formalities has given rise to the following expressions; s. berchakap, the sireh sent to typify the formal proposal of marriage; s. meminang, the sireh typifying the formal acceptance; s. Ielat, R.J., s. genggam, K. the best man at a wedding]. siring, an instrument like a large tennis racket, used for catching shrimps it is drawn through the water and the shrimps coming in contact with it leap out of the water and fall into a boat. sirip, the fin of a fish. sisa, Skr. surplus; residue; remains (especially of a meal); s. Nabi, a flat-fish; the sole. siseh, dispute-cf. seliseh; menyiseh, to quarrel. sisek, I. the scale of a fish, or armadillo, or dragon; the scraping off of the scales of a fish; bersisek - sisek, scale-like; s. tenggiling, the scales of the armadillo - a description of a shingle roof; batok s., whooping-cough. II. a name for some turtles, e.g., s. lilin (chelone imbricata); s. tempurong ( thalassochelys ca - retta). sisi, brink, edge; di-sisi puteri, by the side of the princess. sisil, turning up the ends of the sleeves or trousers -- cf. sing - sing. sisip, to insert between two flat surfaces, e.g., a paper-knife between the leaves of a book; sisipkan or mrenyisipkan, to slip in. sisir, a comb, a harrow, a toothed instrument of any sort; me - SOGANG nyisir, to harrow; to comb; to rake up. sita, (Hind. from Skt.) sodden, of food. sitak, a bag, a valise. sitar, Hind. an Indian three - stringed guitar. siti, I. Ar. lady; S. Hawa, Our Lady Eve; S. Mariam, the Virgin Mary; s. guru, a lady teacher. II. Hind. whistle. sitin, Eng. satin. siting, =- sinting. situ, that place, there di-situ, in that place; at that place; dari s., thence; ka-s., thither. situn, a pot of glazed earthenware. siul, whistling; b e r s i u 1, to whistle; burong s., the crested wood-quail (rolhulus roulroul); punai s., the small green pigeon (osmotreron olax). siuman, recovered, from a fainting fit or drunken debauch; fit, well. siur, I. senpang-siur, zigzagging. II. Pk. (= Ar. sir) ta' siur, not to care about. suit, I. singeing, e.g., hair, a mosquito on a curtain. II. whistling; = siul. soah, Ch. over, done with, finished. soal, Ar. question; bersoal, to enquire; bersoal jawab, to question and get replies; to discuss. sobat, Ar. friendship, friend. sobek, a pinch of anything; to nip off a piece. sobok, penyobok, a night-prowler; a sneak -thief who steals under cover of the darkness. sodok, shovelling up; ladling up; a shovel-cf. sudu. sofi, = sufl. soga, a tree (ormosia venosa). sogang, palisades, fencing. F 245 ]

SOGEH sogeh, attempting work of which one lacks experience; the bungling of a beginner. sogok, menyogok, to direct with nod, gesture a visitor towards a betel-box. soh, an exclamation to make buffaloes turn. soja, tgrsoja-soja, kowtowing. sokma, Skr. the soul (in contradistinction to the body); raga dan s., body and soul [the soul in the Hindu sense]. sokom, Ar. smearing with paint or colouring; clouded-white (as a colour of a dog); sokomkan, to besmear. sokong, propping up, buttressing, sustaining, supporting. solak, Pen. inclined to, liking. soldadu, Port. a soldier. solek, foppish; pesolek, a dandy. solok, I. pesolok, a gift to be returned in kind, e.g., a contribution to a feast to which one is to be invited. II. N.S. a valley running up into foot-hills. som, I. a ship of an obsolete type. II. akar som, a Chinese tonic. III. tlang som, a pubic-bone. sombong, arrogant; self-assertive. sompek, jagged at the edge (through injury). sompoh, carrying on the neck and shoulders. sonak, the "thorns" on a "thornback" fish; the barb-like sting of a ray. sondeh, a tree (payena Leerii); g#tah s., gutta from this tree. sondol, menyondol, to lower the head for a charge; tersondol - sondol, rubbing with lowered head (of a cat). sondong, a kind of shrimp-net used in Singapore. songar, Jav. affected in dress or manner. sU songel, sticking out (as the cheek, when a quid of betel is in the mouth). songgeng, = sungging. songkak, bitts, = ongkak. songket, = sungkit. songkok, a small white cap worn by devout Malays. songkom, menyongkom, to bury the face in a mother's lap (as a child); to cuddle up against. songkong, = sokong. songsong, making way against; s. harus, a name given to a shell (murex ternispina); menyongsong, to make head against (of an eagle flying against the wind). sontok, = suntok. sopak, a skin disease, causing white patches on the hands; a form of psoriasis. sopan, modest, of a self-contained but respectful demeanour. sopi, ayer sopi, liqueur. sopoh, menyopoh, to carry picka-back. sorak, cheering; cries of elation; bersorak, to cheer. sore, Jav. evening. sorga, Skr. heaven. Better shurga. sorok, I. conceal by withdrawal; harimau imnnyorokkan kuku, a tiger-hiding its claws. II. soroksorok, an insect destructive to padi. sorong, push forward; shoving forward; surreptitiously offer a bribe; s. dayong, backing water; sorongkan, to push forward from behind. sotoh, Ar. the flat roof of a house. sotong, a cuttle-fish. soyah, rend in twain; tear from top to bottom. soyat, = soyak. spida, N.S. dynamite. su, youngest=bongsu [in certain expressions, pa 'sa, mak su]. r 246 ]1

SUA sua, pushing an object towards another, e.g., holding a fightingcock towards his rival; bulu s., the feathers on the neck of a fighting - cock; pagar s., the paling separating two buffaloes which are being matched against one another. suah, searching by artificial light. suai, I. fitting, matching; bersuai, be in accord. II. Eng. tali suai, sway-ropes. suaji, the breech of a flag. suak, an indentation; a slight hollow; the parting of the hair; a creek. suaka, Skr. a place of refuge, a lodging; orang bWrsuaka, dependents; N.S., one's mother as opposed to one's wife's relations. sual, - soal. suam, lukewarm. suami, Skr. husband (more respectful than laki); lord (in the sense of husband); bersuami, to be married (of a woman); bersuamikan, to be married to. suang, sa - suang - suang, lightly, with the greatest possible ease. suap, a mouthful; menyuap, take a mouthful; suapkan, putting in the mouth; feeding a child; (by metaphor) bribing; sa-suap dua, a mouthful or two; makan s., to. take bribes. suar, a fire-signal; a torch or lantern used to convey a message. suara, Skr. voice; vocal sound; d~ngan s. yang lemnah lembut, in a gentle tone of voice. suarga, = shurga. suarang, p~rsuarangan, N.S. the common property acquired by man and wife. suari, bantal suari, an ornamental pillow used in marriage ceremonies. suasa, gold alloyed with copper. SUGI suat, whimsical, capricious. suatu, one; - sa-watu [ watu being the Javanese form of batu]; sa-suatu, each, every. subal, discreditable. subam, dull (of metallic lustre). suban, a splinter. subang, a large ear- stud. [In some places this stud is worn by maidens only and is discarded on marriage). subhana, Ar. praised be. suboh, Ar. dawn; sembahyang s., early morning service. subur, quick-growing, healthy (of plants). suchi, Skr. pure, clean; s. hati, a heart free from malice or deceipt; Maha-suchi, the All-pure; God. suda, sharp - pointed bamboo splinters (used as caltrops). sudah, Pers. done, finished; satelah s., when it was finished; sudahkan, to complete; kesudahan, the end of; penyudah, fulfilling, realisation, culmination. sudang, = s~lodang. sudi, satisfied, contented, pleased, ready; jikalau s., if you like; sudikan, to like; to care for; to approve of. sudip, a large rice-ladle. sudu, a ladle; a coconut - shell spoon; the bill of a duck; s. itek, a duck's bill; siput s., a shell (haliotis spp.); tulang s. hati, the xiphoid process. sudut, a corner; a nook. suf, Ar. a cloth-fabric, camelot. Sufi, Ar. i 1 in t S a f i, Sufiism, mysticism. suga, = soga. sugar, I. m~nyugar, to pass the fingers through the hair. II. Eng. sugar. sugi, to rub the point of a stick against anything; putting out a [ 247 ]

SUGtJN torch by rubbing off the burning portions; cleaning the teeth in the Malay way. sugun, forcing down with violence; seizing the hair or throat and so forcing d(own an adversary. Suhun, S u h u n a n, a Javanese royal title; also Susuhunan and Susunan. suir, long suir, a vampire. suja, = soja. sujana, = saujana. suji, I. embroidery; fancy needlework. II. Hind. (Penang) a porridge of meal for infants or as a sweet pudding. sujud, Ar. bowing in prayer. suka, Skr. liking, pleasure, enjoyment; s. hati, s., chita, joyful, delighted; s. raya, uproarious delight; s. hati tuan, as you please; sukai, to take pleasure in; to like; sukakan, id.-; kesukaan, pleasure, enjoyment. sukachita, see suka. sukar, difficult, arduous; s. dichari, hard to find; s. beroleh dia, id. sukat, I. nmenynkat, to measure area or capacity; mensuration. II. provided that, supposing that, if, when; sukat ayer nmenjadi batiu, if (or when) water turns into stone, i.e., never. suku, I. a leg or limb; quarter; a section; a tribe or division of the people; s. jam, a quarter of an hour; rial dan s., dollars and quarter - dollars. II. Pah. se - parate, different; s. f a s a I, a different affair. sukum, Ked. a muzzle to prevent buffalo-calves from suckling. sukun, the bread fruit (artocarpus incisa). sukur, = shukur. aula, Skr. a pointed stick; an im SUMA paling-post; snilakan, menyula, to impale; to roast on a spit; tersula, impaled; terisula, a trident. sulah bald on the temples; lada s., white pepper. sulalat, Ar. extraction, descent, origin; S. u's-Salatin, the ancestry of kings-a Malay traditional history. sulam, I. raised embroidery; bersulaiu, embroidered. II. to replace a tree or an atap in place of an old one. sulang, I. joining in a drink; inviting another person to drink with you; minum bersulang - sulangan, exchanging drinks time after time. II. sooty deposit. sulbi, Ar. tulang siulbi, the coccyx. suldi, Ar. Adam's-apple (in the throat). sule, Hind. (Penang) rheumatic pains. suleh, a plant (tittius). sulli, a grandson or great-grandson; a descendant. suling, a generic name for native flageolets. sulit, obscure, out of the way, little known, secluded. Suliwatang, a Bugis title. suloh, a torch; a spy; a scout; mcnyuloh, to light with a torch; bersuloh, so lit. sulong, senior, eldest, first in age; anak s., eldest son; gigi s., the four front teeth; s. tahun, beginning of the year. sultan, Ar. sultan; S. Al Muazam, the august sultan, i.e., the Sultan the Turkey. sulur, sticking up conspicuously; s. tiang, topmast. suma, daun suma, a medicinal plant (unid.). r 248 1

SUMBANG sumbang, improper, revolting, incestuous; s. di-mata, an eyesore; anak s., a child of incest. sumbar,Jav.reproaching,reviling. sumbat, sumbatkan, menyumbat, to cork up, stop an orifice, to plug; to put a stopper into anything; tersumbat, plugged up. sumbi, replacing an injured part; putting new planks into a boat; patching; gigi s., an artificial tooth. sumbing, notched, dented, jagged; gelak s., a sickly laugh. sumbu, I. a fuse; a slow match; s. pelita, the wick of a lamp. II. the horn of a rhinoceros. sumbul, = chnmbul. sumpah, swearing, reviling, cursing; the taking of an oath; b/irsumpah, to take an oath; minmberi sumpah, to administer the oath; sunmpah-sumpah, a name given to the Malay "chameleons" (calotes versicolor and calotes cristatellus). sumpil, Jav. = sumbat. sumpit, sumpitan, a blowpipe sumpitkan, to kill ( anything) with the blowpipe; menyumpit, to use the blowpipe; sumpit - sumpit, (1) the well - known shooting fish (toxotes jaculator). (2) a small mWngkuang rice bag. sumsum, Jav. marrow, pith. sumur, Jav. a well. Sunan, = Suhunan. sunat, Ar. tradition, practice; the traditional law of the Prophet; circumcision; tukang s., a circumciser; sunatkan, to circumcise. sandal, N.S. sloping, slanting. sundal, Hind. a harlot; a prostitute. sundang, a Bugis short sword with cockatoo hilt, sometimes wavy blade. SUNTI sundfus, Pers. brocade. sungai, a river; a flowing stream of some size; anak s., rivulet; pergi ka-s. (polite), to obey a call of nature. sungga, Jav. a spur; a goad. sungging, picturing flowers or ornamental patterns in paint (such as gold paint), etc. sunggit, Jav. an attendant on a princess. sunggoh, genuine, true, real; s. h a t i, hearty, strenuousness; sunggoh pun, although; sung - goh-sunggoh, really, genuinely; sa-sunggoh-nya, in all truth; in all reality; sunggoh - stnggohi, to strive vigorously or strenuously. sungkai, I. a plant, peronema canescens (order Verbenaceae). II. Hantu Sungkai, an evil spirit that molests hunters. sungkal, to turn up (as a ploughshare turns up the earth); s. bajak, a ploughshare. sungkap, pulled loose; kuku tersungkap, a finger-nail or toe - nail torn from the quick. sungkit, kain slIngkit, silk cloth shot with gold. sungkup, covering under a hollow bowl or vessel. sungkur, rooting up; scooping up; shovelling up; a net of triangular shape pushed through mud and water so as to catch shrimps; s. sangkar, sprawling. sungsang, reversed; turned upside down. Also songsang. sungu, Jav. horn. sungut, I. grumbling; bNrsungtt, to murmur. II. antennae. sunjam, head downwards; tersunjam, hung up by the heels. sunteh, chipping off. sunti, I. a sort of pickle made of [ 249 ]

SUNTING the bclimbing. II. anak d1ara sunti, a very young maiden. sunting, to wear stuck behind the ear (as flowers are occasionally worn); sunlingkan, to wear in the hair; to "crop the flower in season." suntok, insufficient of time; failing through insufficiency; waktu s., time is up; orang tua s., an old man who apes young ways. sunyi, Skr. lonely, solitary, desolately quiet, deserted; sunyi-lah labohan Melaka, the Malacca roadstead was deserted. sup, (Dutch) soup, broth. supai, '= sipahi. sura, I. Skr. hero; man of men. II. Ar. bulan Sura, a name given to the month Muharram. surah, Ar. a subdivision or chapter of the Kuran. surai, the combing or dressing of the hair; the hair itself (when speaking of a prince or Princess). suralaya, Skr. the abode of the gods; the Hindu Olympus. suram, dark, gloomy, clouded, of the brightness of sun or of the countenance. surat, Ar. a writing of any sort; a letter; isi s., the contents of a letter or document; muka s., the written page; s. kiriman, a letter; an epistle; s. mrn~gah, a patent; s. pelekat, a poster; s. tanda tangan, a signed ac - knowledgment; (usually) an I.O.U.; s. wakil, a power of attorney; s. wasiat, a will; suratkan, to cause to be written; tersurat, written; menyurat, to write. Surati, from Surat. surau, a private mosque in contradistinction to a mosque of general assembly. SUSUN suraya, Skr. the sun. surdi, = serodi. sureh, s. - s., (Perak) descent, lineage. surga, = shur.qa. suri, Skr. a queen; royal; -permaistri; rama aji ibu suri, royal father and queenly mother; the parents of a prince. surmah, Pers. a collyrium made of antimony. suroh, n e n y u r o h, ordering; giving instructions; surohan, an order, a command; suroh - surohan, messengers; surohkan, to order; to instruct. surut, ebbing, of the tide; ayer s., the ebb-tide. susah, difficult; uneasy; s. hati, mentally troubled; susahkan, to vex, to annoy; kesusahan, trouble; affliction. susoh, the (natural) spur of a fighting-cock. susok, I. menyusok, to found (a city). II. manner, bearing, mien; s. j i j a k, id. III. a loop; a button-hole. II. = chuchok. susu, the breast; milk; ayer s., milk; susui, to suckle; menyusu, to be suckled; s. bundar, hemispherical breasts; s. kopek or s. lanjut, pendulous breasts; s. rimau, the sclerotium or resting-place of a fungus; dapur s., the outer portion of the breast; hujong s., the nipple generally; the extremity; puling s., the nipple proper; tampok s., the nipple and the dark circle round it; b u a h s., Jamaica honeysuckle, water-lemon (passiflora laurifolia). Susuhunan, = Suhunan. susul, pursuing; following up. susun, lying in rows one above [ 250 ]

SUSUNAN the other, double (of flowers); bersusun-susun, in layers. Susunan, = Suhunan. susup, susupkan or menyusupkan, to place under; to insert under. susur, menyusur, to skirt; to hug (the shore); to edge past. ta', - tiada, not. II. tlz, the sound of the report of a gun. taadzim, Ar. honour, respect. taajub, Ar. to wonder. taala, Ar. most high; Allah t., God Most High. taalek, I. to feed or fatten animals. II. Ar. to be enamoured of; to be taken with. taalok, Ar. subdued; menaalokkan, to bring into subjection. taat, Ar. obedient, submissive. tabah, a hand's-breadth. tabak, Ar. a box, a casket; a present of food taken by a departing guest. tabal, Ar. a kettledrum used at the installation of a ruler; tabalkan, to instal; bertabal, to ascend the throne; to be crowned (of a ruler). taban, getah taban, gutta percha; pokok t., the gutta percha tree (dichopsis gutta). tabaraka, Ar. may(he)be blessed. tabek, greeting, salutation; memberi t., to greet; to courteously salute or recognise; minta t., to excuse oneself; to apologise in advance for any unintentional breach of etiquette. tabia, Hind. from Ar. (Penang) a small tambourine. tabiat, Ar. character, nature. tabib, Ar. a physician. TAGAK susut, shrinking; diminishing in size; thinning down. sut, Ked. ended, finished. sutera, Skr. silk; kain sutera, a silk sarong; payong snitera, a silk umbrella. sutli, Hind. (Penang) coarse thread for canvas. T tabir, I. Ar. the interpretation or elucidation (of dreams). II. curtains; hangings; drapery. taboh, I. a long cylindrical drum; tabohkan, to beat this drum. II. tabohan, = tbuan. tabong, a cylindrical vessel of bamboo for papers, water; a quiver; t. bunga, a shrub (Ixora pendula). tabur, I. the scattering of seed or flowers; dispersing; taburkan or menaburkan, to sow; bertab u r a n, scattered over. II. a square-sail. tabut, Ar. the ark of the convenant; (Penang) a Hindu processional emblem. tada, = tiada. tadah, intercepting or catching a falling object; tadahkan tangan, to stretch out the hands with the palms upwards. tadbir, Ar. government; men - tadbirkan, to govern, administer. tadi, lately; just a moment agO; immediately past; baharu t., a moment ago; malam t., last night; tersebut di-atas t., aforesaid. Better tahadi. tadong, Pen. tertadong, stumbling against, e.g., a creeper. tafsir, Ar. commentary (on the Kuran). tafta, Ar. twisted silk, taffeta. tagak, putting off, procrastinate.!51 ]

TA4GAN tagan, the stakes in a sweep; the "pool." tagar, a peal of thunder. tageh, ketageh, craving (from constant indulgence), for tobacco, opium or alcohol. tagi, mWnagi, to demand payment of money. -tah, a suffix expressing interrogation or doubt; -= ntah; initah gambaran - nya, is this his portrait? tahadi, recently; just before this. See tadi. tahan, I. holding out against, sustaining; tahani or mWnahani, to restrain or resist; to bear up against; to stand (anything). U. setting (traps); t. lukah, to set a fish-trap. tahana, greatness, majesty; bertahana, to sit in majesty; to be present (of a prince). tahar, to keep on a course in spite of unfavourable winds. tahi, filth, mucus, dirt, ordure, feculence, lees, grounds; t. angin, light fleecy clouds; words of little account; windy talk; t, ayer, scum on water; t. besi, rust; t. chandu, opium dross; t. gergaji, sawdust; t. harus, drift-wood; t. ketam, shavings; t. lalat, a freckle, a mole; /. mata, mucus from the eye; t. mrinyak, refuse in making oil; t. panas, prickly heat; t. penyakit, valetudinarian; t. tSlinga, wax in the ear; ular t. kgrbau, a snake (Coluber radiatus). tahil, a tael; 1~% oz. tu, to know; bgri t., to inform; d~ngan sa - tahu - ku, with my knowledge; kItahuan, knowledge, sense, capacity for understanding; ketahui, or mngnq - MtalW, to know. TAKDIR tahbun, year; t. baharu, the new year; bertahun-tahun, for years, chronic; bertahun, to plant one's annual crop of rice. tal, Ar. crown, diadem. tajak, a sort of scythe-for cutting grass, weeds, etc., in ricefields. talam, sharp; akal-nya t., he was sharp mentally; t. u I l t, caustic; tajamkan, to sharpen. tajang, I. stamping; thrusting down the heel. II. keris tajang, a straight-bladed Patani keris. tajau, a large earthenware jar. taji, the artificial spur of a fighting-cock; menmbulang t., to fasten on the spurs. tajin, tajinkan, to soak, e.g., cloth with rubber to make it waterproof. tajok, I. an aigrette; a tuft; a sheath (with flowers in it) worn in the hair; t. makota, the aigrette or apex of a crown. II. the knee-pieces in a boat. tajur, running out into the sea; penajur, a row of fishing-stakes to drive fish into a trap. talwid, Ar. grammatical accuracy; writing (Arabic) correctly. takah, Ked. the slow loris. takak, takok-takak, notched-v. takok. II. kain bertakak, a sarong made up of two pieces. takal, Eng. a pulley; a block. takan, = ta' akan. takar, an earthenware vessel with a narrow neck. takat, as far as; up to; t. pirpggang, up to the waist; t. lutut, up to the knee. takbir, Ar. the saying "God is great"; takbiru'l - ihram, the first takbir in the liturgical prayers. takdir, Ar. will; the decree c f providence. [ 252 1

TAKEK takek, a cleft; to cut slightly, to tap (a rubber tree). takhta, Pers. a throne. taki, Pen. to strike a bargain. takok, a notch; a sort of step created by cutting out a piece from the outer portion of a treetrunk; t. takak, notched, jagged; k~pala penakok, the cleft at the top of a screw. takong, to keep for fermentation; minyak t., crude oil. takrim, Ar. honour, respect. taksir, I. Ar. negligence, care - lessness. II. (Dutch) estimate, valuation, assessment. takup, a small tuberous jungleplant. takut, fearful; takuti, to fear; takutkan, to frighten; ketakutan, panic, fright; p e n a k u t, a coward; timorous. takwim, Ar. calendar; almanac. tal, Hind. (Penang) the palm and fruit of Borassus flabelliformis. tala, Skr. I. harmonious response; bertala-tala, taking up a strain in turn. II. Hind. a padlock. talai, negligent; =- lalai. talak, Ar. divorce; tiga t., the full divorce; the triple divorce. talam, a tray. talan, a tree (Saraca sp.). Also gapis. talang, I. a fish (chorinemus sp.). II. bujang talang, a bachelor or childless widower; a man "without encumbrances." talar, permit, let, allow; = biar. tall, I. cord, rope; anything of a cord-like appearance; t. ayer, a runnel; t. harus, the thin line of drift-wood marking the flow of a current; t. kulit, a strap; f. pinggang, a girdle; a waistband; t. pusat, the umbilical cord; t. tMmali, cordage. II. a money value- about 7~ cents. TAMBUL talib, Ar. enquirer. talkin, Ar. a prayer or formula recited at a burial. talu, bUrtalu - talu, continuous. uninterrupted, in unbroken suecession. talun, echoing back. tama', Ar. covetous; greed. tamah, affable. Cf. ramnah. tamam, Ar. ended, e.g., of a prayer. taman, a garden; a pleasureground. tamar, Ar. tamar Hindi, tamarind. tamasha, = termasa. tamat, Ar. ended; terminated; "finis." tambah, increase by repetition or by continuation; nasi t., a second helping of rice; tambahan pula, again; furthermore; tambahkan or menambahkan, to increase; penambahan, an addition, an appendix. tambak, banking; filling; levelling up; jalan t., a causeway; a road raised above the level of the surrounding fields. II. ikan t., bawal t., a fish, Stromateus niger. tamban, a generic name given to a number of sardine-like fish (Clupea spp.). tambang, I. ferrying for money; a ferry-boat; the fare paid for passage on a boat; tambangan, a regular trip. II. to put medicine over-night at a tomb or sacred place to improve its efficacy. tambat, fasten up; tambati, tambatkan, or menambatkan, to tie up; tertambat, tethered (of an animal). tambi, Tam. a messenger; a peon; an orderly. tambul, I. refreshments ( especially drinks ). II. bertambul, to act; penambul, an actor: a juggler. [ 253 ]

TAMBUN tambun, plump, sleek. tambur, Hind. a drum. tambus, = iimbus. taming, Jav. a small buckler used by heroes of romance. tampak, being visible; tamipaknya sa-rupa mas, it looks like gold. tampal, plastering, posting up; tampalkan, to stick on; to paste on. tampan, I. handsome, looking well, suitable, befitting; tiada satampan, it does not seem right or look well; tampan - tampan or tetampan, a shoulder napkin worn by attendants at a Malay court. II. stopping the progress of a moving body (as a boy stops a football with the side of his foot). tampang, I. flat; pnamrpang, the flat side of anything. II. a tin token or medium of exchange. HII. cutting and tying up (as the umbilical cord is severed). IV. a tree (Arlocarpus Gomeziana); t. burong, id. (Ficus vasculosa): t. manis (Artocarpus Lakoocha). tampar, slapping; to slap; tampari, to slap; tamparan, the giving of a slap. tampas, I. lopping off (small prominences). II. blowing in (of wind entering a house). tampek, fault-finding; censure. tampi, menampi, winnowing by tossing up and down on a sieve; mrnampi dada, heaving of the breasts; to' ketampi, an owi (Ketupa javanensis). tampii, to come forward; to come out in front. tampin, a small plaited mWngkuang bag for sago. tampok, the point of junction of stalk and fruit; the little bit of stalk usually left on plucked TANDIL fruit; the central point of converging lines; a boss in ornament; t. susu, the teat and the dark circle round it; i k a n tampok-tampok, a fish (Gerres oblongus). tampong, I. patching; piebald; badak t., a tapir. II. to catch a falling object (as a cricket-ball is caught); tahan t., id. tamsil, Ar. example, metaphor. tamu, to entertain a guest - cf. jama. tan, Hind. tan kuda, a stable. tanah, earth, ground, land; a country; t. aler, territories; L. liat, clay; t. tenggala, arable land; tapai t., tree-shrew (Tupaia sp.) urat t., certain snakes (Typhiops spp.). tanak, bertanak, to cook (rice); sa-pftanak nasi, the time it takes for rice to boil-a primitive measure of time. tanam, t. tanaman, things planted; agricultural growth; tanamkan, to plant (trees, etc.), to bury (corpses). tanda, I. sign, token, mark, emblem; t. bachaan, the vowel points; t. tangaun, a signature; ikan tanda-tanda, a fish (Lutianus sillaoo). II. pertanda, an executioner. tandak, dancing; bertandak, to dance. tandan, a cluster, a bunch of coconuts; the main bunch made up of layers (sikat) of bananas. tandang, I. wandering; travelling; orang t. desa, a vagrant. II. bertanaang, to visit. tandas, a privy. tandil, Tam. the head of a gang of coolies; a petty officersubordinate to the serang on a ship. [ 254: ]

TANDING tanding, a subdivision; a lot; sa-t., equal in size. tandok, horn (of two-horned animals); t.-t., a creeper (Strophanthus dichotomus); bertandok, horned; menandok, to butt. tandu, a hammock-litter. tandun, zaman tandun, the immemorial past. tandur, I. Jav. to plant. II. holding up by means of a string; tali t., a string for pulling up chicks. tang, an abbreviation for tentang. tangan, hand; forearm and hand; handle; sleeve; t. baju, sleeve; t. kemudi, the handle of a rudder; ibu t., thumb; sapu t., handkerchief; tanda t., signature; tapak t., palm; di -t. sahaya, in my possession. tangas, fumigation; to steam; heating. tangga, ladder, staircase; anak t., a step; a rung of a ladder; rumah t., a homestead; ber - tangga-tangga, at fifth or sixthhand. tanggah, p nanggah or penanggahan, a kitchen in a palace. tanggal, loosened; spontaneous severance or fall; tanggalkan, to remove; to take off, e.g., clothes; menanggalkan, id.; penanggalan, an evil spirit; a flving head and viscera. tanggam, a groove at the end of a beam; tertanggam, mortised together. tanggang, propping up, buttressing; = sagang. tanggar, "putting through" work; managing to get things done. tanggi, = tangki. tanggoh, putting off, postponement; bHrtanggoh, to postpone. tanggok, a landing-basket used by fishermen. TANJONG tanggong, bearing up under; standing security for; tanggongkan, to support a burden; tertanggong, to be borne; supportable; sustained. tanggul, bobbing, of a boat's bows-cf. anggul. tangis, weeping; tangisi, to weep; to shed tears; menangis, id.; tangiskan, to mourn for anyone; pemenangis, a mourner; tulang rimau menangis, the manubrium. tangkai, stalk, haulm, stem; t. had, a term of endearment. tangkal, a talisman, charm; tangkal sawan kanak-kanak, a talisman against convulsions. tangkap, capture, gripping, clasping; tangkapan, toils, captivity, arrest; menangkap, to seize, capture; tertangkap, captured. tangkas, nimble, swift. tangki, Hind. the water-tanks on a ship. tangkil, sticking one tenuous, object (e.g., paper), on another. tangkis, menangkis, to guard, to parry; tangkiskan, to intercept (a blow); to ward off. tangkul, a name given to ground — nets, or nets and screens which catch fish bv being pulled up with a winch; pukat t., a wide ground-net [the sides of which are raised up when fish are over the net, thus preventing their escape]. tangkup, to capture by dropping a concave object over anything. tanglong, Ch. a Chinese lantern. tangsi, I. Ch. a strong gut used in fishing-lines. II. barracks; the canteen. tanlak, projecting; sticking up; bertanjak kaki, standing on tiptoe. tanjong, a cape, a promontory, [ 255 ]

TANJU a headland, the end of a straight stretch of road. tanju, a bracket-lamp. tanjul, a sort of fishing-rod with a noose instead of a hook at the end. tanti, wait a moment-cf. nanti. tanya, bertanya, to ask a question; bertanyakan, to enquire about. tapa, Skr. asceticism; austerities undergone by hermits; be'rbuat t., to practise these austerities; bgrtapa, id.; pgrtapa, austere, ascetic; ikan tapa, a large fish (Callicrous pabda). tapai, a preparation of steamed pulut rice fermented with native yeast; arak t., a native spirit made from this preparation. tapak, the palm (of the hand); the sole (of the foot); sa-tapak, a step; bekas t. gajah, an elephant's foot - prints; t. itek, a erb (Floscopa scandens ); t. kaki, the sole of the foot; t. Sitlaiman, the seal of Solomon; the pentacle; the five - pointed star-fish; main t. empat, (Min., N.S.) a fox and geese game. tapeh, tying the sarong in the way Malay women fasten it; seluar t., drawers worn by Javanese. tapi, = tetapi. tapis, I. tapiskan, to filter, pass a liquid through cloth; sa-tapis, a generation; tapisan, any kind of fiter. II. the Ceylon iron-wood (Messua ferra). tapok, I. a scab, a scar, a pockmark, the remains of the pistil in a fruit-cf. tamnok. II. accumulated, of rent, files. tara, equal of altitude; even; parity; sa-tara, on a level with; tiada tara-nya, peerless; pinara bukit, the ridge of a range of hills. TASHDID tarah, menarah, to rough-hew. taram, I. gloomy, overcast (of sky). II. Pah. salt-lick. tarang, ptarangan, a hen's nesting-place. tarbil, a pellet-bow. tarek, menarek or menarekkan, to draw to or after oneself; to pull; to drag; to draw in (a long breath) or prolong (a note in singing); tarek-tarek, tetarek, accordion. tari, dancing (by swaying the arms and body); inmnari, to dance. tarikh, Ar. date; era; period of time; pada t. itu, at that time; bertarikh, dated. taring, the projecting and visible tusk of a wild-boar; misai bertaring, a turned-up moustache. taris, fastening, tying up, = ikat. taroh, depositing; receiving or placing in a safe place; staking; bertaroh, to stake; m~naroh, to retain or preserve; to keep; to harbour; petarohkan, to entrust or confide. tarok, a shoot; a young sprout. tarong (onom.), a deep booming sound. taru, bertaru, to sound (of the nafiri). tarum, the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria). tas, a tree (Kurrimia panniculata) the wood of which is believed to frighten away tigers. tasak, menasak, to stop bleeding. tasbeh, Ar. a rosary; buah t., prayer - beads; menguchap I., count one's beads; bunga t., the canna. tasek, a lake, a mere; (Jav.) the sea; t. pauh janggi, the great ocean; tasek- tasek, a plant (Adenosma capitatumn). tashdid, Ar. the diacritical mark [ 256 ]

TASIH signifying that the letter over which it is placed is doubled. tashrih, Ar. ilmu tashrih, the science of anatomy. taslim, taslimkan, to convey safely (a letter) in epistolary language. tatah, inlaying, embedding, sticking into; bertatahkan ratna mutu manikam, studded with gems. tatal, a shaving. tatang, carrying on the upturned palm of the hand, or any similar surface; carrying with extreme care; cherishing. tatap, close visual examination (such as a watchmaker gives to the works of a watch); menatap, to examine; to watch; to keep a look-out. tateh, bertateh, to toddle along, of infants. tatkala, Skr. the time when; at the time when; pada t. itu, at that time; t. ia lagi mnuda, while he was still a child. taubat, Ar. repentant; giving up (an evil practice); also tobat. tauchang, Ch. a Chinese queue; a pig-tail. taufik, Ar. divine aid. tauge, Ch. bean sprouts. tauhid, Ar. the doctrine of the unity of God. tauk, Ked. to throw, hurl. tauke, Ch. a "towkay," an employer of labour. taul, securing an oar by attaching it with cord to the gunwale. taulan, Tam. friend, comrade. taun, Ar. a murrain, an epidemic, cholera. taupkan, to join; bertaup, joined. Taurit, Ar. the Pentateuch; the books of Moses. taut, a night-line with a rod. tawa, thrtawa, laughing. TEBAR tawadzu, Ar. respect, attention. tawaf, Ar. to circumambulate the Kaabah. tawak, tawak - tawak, a small gong or sounding-board used to summon people to a meeting. tawakkul, Ar. surrender to God's will; trust in God; bertawakkil, to trust in God. tawan, tawanan, a captive; menawan or menawankan, to subdue, to take captive; thrtawan, taken prisoner; led captive. tawar, I. tasteless; without flavour or distinctive characteristic; ayer t., fresh water (as distinct from salt), t. hati, disinclined, disillusioned; lauk yang t., tasteless food; t e p ong t., rice - flour and water used in ceremonies to futilise evil; tawari or menawari, to meet a spell with a countercharm; to futilise; penawar, an antidote; a protective talisman. II. bargaining; t. menawar, haggling over a price. tawarikh, Ar. annals. tawas, alum. tayamam, Ar. ablution with sand for lack of water. tebah, beating a flat surface, e.g., the breasts, or a carpet. tabak, a heavy cutting or chopping blow; sa - t., a piece (of wood) lopped off from a log. tebal, thick (of cloth, paper, planking, etc.); muka t., brazenfaced; t. hati, hard-hearted. teban, stakes in gambling; money deposited. tebang, menebang, to fell heavy timber. tebar, sowing, or spreading by a sweeping round-arm motion; t. jala, to throw a casting-net; menebar, to scatter. 17 [ 257 ]

TIrBAS tebas, to fell small scrub, clear undergrowth-cf. tMbang. tebat, damming; barring; barricading; closing to traffic; a dammed fish pond. tebeng, spread out; expanded, as a sarong or piece of embroidery is spread out to show the pattern; menebeng, to show oneself off, as a woman. tiberau, a name given to several large grasses (especially Sacharum arundinaceum, Sacharum Ridleyi and Thysanoloena acarifera). t6bing, a bank by a cutting; the bank of a river or canal. tebis, sa-t., a particle. tebok, mnengbok, to bore; making a cylindrical hole in anything; sinking a shaft or well. tebok, a heavy thrust. tebu, sugar-cane; ular katang t., the banded karait (Bungarus fasciatus). tebuan, a hornet. tebus, menebus, to redeem from mortgage or pawn; to purchase a slave from someone else. techi, = tezi. t~das, a raised ring round a pillar. tedoh, still, after storm and rain; bertedoh, to take shelter. tedong, ular tedong, a generic name given to hooded snakes and to some snakes resembling them; ilar t. s~ndok, the cobra (Naia tripudians); ular t. solar, or alar t. abu, the hamadryad ( Naia bungarus ); ular t. niatahari, a small brilliantly coloured snake (Doliophis bivirgatus); ular t. liar, the snake Zamenis korros. tiflkur, Ar., absent - minded; Jplunged in meditation. tIgah, tggahkan, or m~nngahkan, to prohibit, hinder. TEKAT tfgak, stiffly erect; bolt upright; also chegak. tegal, cause; t~gal apa, why? karna apa? t6gang, taut; outstretched; at its full span. tgap, = thgak. tegar, stiff, unyielding, obstinate, inflexible; t. hati, stiff-necked. tEgarun, a silk kain lepas. tegoh, firm; fast; tight (of a knot); rigidly adhered to (of a promise); di-ikat-nya tegohtegoh, he tied it very tightly. tfgok, gulping; a mouthful; sategok, a mouthful; as much as one can gulp down. tegun, an expectant attitude. tegur, menMgur, to address, greet, salutation; t. sapa, courtesy; teguri, to address. teh, I. Ch. tea; daun t., tea (in leaf form); ager t., tea (prepared for drinking). II. = Puteh as a proper name. tela, Skr. glowing rain-clouds. teji, (= swift) Pers. kuda teji, a Pegasus; a winged steed. Better tezi. teka, Skr. teka-teki, riddles; conundrums; tekaan, guess-work. tekak, I. palate; anak tekak, the uvula; umpan t., an appetizer. II. obstinacy. III. = tfka. tekan, to press, e.g., to obtain a squeeze or impression of an inscription or mould-cf. tekap. tekang, a thwart; a cross-beam to resist pressure at its extremities and not to support a weight resting on it. tOkap, resting the flat of the hand on anything, e.g., closing a child's mouth in lest to prevent him speaking; blotting with a pad-cf. tfkan. t6kat, embroidery; bgrtSkat mas, embroidered in gold. [ 258 ]

TfKfBUR tekbbur, Ar. proud; arrogant. t6kek, I. a drug used in dyeing. II. = to'kek. teki, tEka-teki or keteki, riddle, conundrum. tekoh, Ked. period; = masa; t. mana? when? tekua, baju tekua, a long sleeveless jacket worn by women. tekukur, a little Malay grounddove (Geopelia striata); padang t., a plain abandoned to doves, a desolate place; burong sewah tekukur, the Indian koel (Eudynamis honorata); ular sawa tekukur, a snake (Coluber melanurus). tekun, assiduous, attentive; bertekun mengaji, to study attentively or assiduously. tekup, covering with the hand; catching by so covering. tela, a passage in a Malay house connecting the kitchen with the main building. tela, the pan of a firearm. teladan, model; example; a copy to follow. Also tuladan. telaga, Skr. a well, tank, or basin of water; a small mere; (Min.) a chief's house. telah, did, was-a word giving a preterite meaning to the passage in which it occurs; telah dilihat itu, when that was seen; sa-telah, after. telak, Ked. a money - box of bamboo. telampong, drift-wood; a float. telan, menelan, to swallow; pertelan, a draught. tMlang, long patches (as a pattern); b u l oh t., a bamboo (Gigantochloa spp.). t6langkai, a marriage-broker. tMlanlang, naked, stripped; t. bulat, stark-naked; t. bugil, id.; bertelanjang, nude; bare. TfLIPOK telanjur, projecting; stretching out. telantar, stretched; prone; lying at full length. telap, I. penetration, wounding. II. to percolate. telapakan, duli telapakan, a royal title; tanah t., N.S. land held for and from chiefs by feudal tenure. telatah, manners, behaviour, ways. telatai, N.S. I. chicks, rattan blinds. II. the lid of a rice-tun. telatak, Pah. a small raft. telau, patchy (of colouring or of light). teledur, idler, sluggard. Cf. tidur. telekan, bertelekan, to rest one's head on one's arms. telekong, a praying-veil-used by Muhammadan women. teleku, berteleku, to lean on one's elbows. telempap, sa-telempap, a hand's breadth. telenan, a cleaning-frame-used by a native copper-smith. teleng, cocked on one side (of the head). telepa, = chelipa. telepok, printing in gilt on cloth; geometric pattern generally; marquetry. telerang, mas telerang, reef-gold; quartz outcrop. telinga, the ear; the handle of a vessel; t. bedil, the pan of a gun; t. kera, a plant (Henslowia Lobbiana); anak t., the tympanum; chuping t., the lobe of the ear; daun t., the outer frame of the ear; lobang t., the orifice of the ear; ikan korek t. buaya, a fish (Gastrotoceus biaculeatus). telingkah, ways, behaviour, conduct-cf. tingkah. telipok, the lotus. [ 259 ]

TtiLOK telok, I. a bay, a bight, a curve, a bend; t. rantau, bends and reaches (in a river); territories generally. II. = telut. telotak, tip of leaf, petal, fruit. telukup,= telangkup-v. langkup. telunjok, the index-finger. telur, egg; fish-roe; t. asin, preserved eggs; t. buaya, a crocodile's egg; t. terubok, the roe of the terubok fish (Clupea kanagurta). telur, lisping; unable to articulate certain letters properly. telut, I. berthlut, to kneel. II. = lut. temabur, besprinkled, scattered; bintang t., a constellation-cf. tabur. temali, tali tfnali, cordage. timan, I. a follower, accompanying a companion of higher rank; ternani, to attend on. II. Pk. I, me-a term of affectionate conversation. temandang, garb; get-up; general appearance. temaram, terang temaram, dusky, gloomy, doubtful light. temarang, = tefaram. tembadau, a name given in Borneo to the small wild ox (Bos sondaicus, and also in some dialects to Bos mindorensis). tembaga, Skr. copper, bronze, brass; t. kuning, brass; t. merah, copper; t. puteh, nickel; t. suasa, an alloy of gold and copper. tembah, Pah. eaten away of a river-bank. tembak, shooting, firing shots; minernbak, to fire shots. tembakau, Hind. tobacco; t.Jawa, locally grown tobacco; t. B3lati, tobacco imported from Europe. tembakul, a fresh-water fish (unid.); it has a large head. TtMBOKOR tembam, prominent, of the mons veneris. temban, puffy (of the cheeks). tembang, songs sung by dancinggirls. tembatu, the fruit of the nipah palm; a flaw in a rattan. tembek, close (of a shot); nearly hitting; just missing; just avoiding. tembekar, = tmbikar. tembel, a stye in the eye. tembelah, a quiver for darts. tembelang, rotten, of eggs, when the chicken is not yet formed= kenmrok-cf. kemungkus. tembeliong, = puting beliong. tembelok, an edible marine worm which eats into wood. temberang, the stays of a mast; coll.; tunjok t., to "put on side." tembereh, a fish (unid.). temberek, = tembikar. tembereng, a bit; a section; a curved or sharp edge; t. tajam, a sector. tembesu, a tree (Fagroea fragrans). tembi, an outward elbow-thrust. tembikai, a water-melon (Citrullus edulis). tembikar, shards; broken pottery used by children in playing games, such as tuju lobang. tembilang, long-shafted spade= penchebak, perejang. tembilok, = tembelok. tembiring, = tembereng. tembok, perforated, rent, torn; rotten or hollow (of the teeth); eaten through. tembok, I. a wall; kaki t., the foundations of a wall. II. menembok, to cool a liquid by stirring it or by pouring it from one vessel to another. tembolok, the crop of a bird. tembokor, = bokor. [ 260 1

TriMBONG tembong, a long cudgel or quarter - staff; bertdmbong, to meet, knock qp against. tembosa, Hind. Pers. kueh lipat t., a sort of puff or patty. tembuku, a nob; a hard projection, inner ledges or lumps cut under gunwale of dug-outs -cf. buku. tembun, = tambun. tembuni, the caul; t. kechil, the placenta. tembus, broken through; perforated; holed. tembusu, - tembesu. Temenggong, a Malay dignitary of high rank. temenong, I. a fish (unid.). II. brooding, pensive. temiang, a liana (Lettsomia peguensis). temikai, = tembikai. temilang, a plant (Aglaia odoratissima). temin, an iron ferrule connecting the spear-head with its shaft; a ferrule at the base of a kerissheath; ring of a baby's "teat." temoleh, a fish (unid.). temolok, = tembolok. tempa, hammering, beating; working metal with the hammer-cf. tempawan. tempah, to engage in advance; retaining services; penempah bidan, the fee paid in advance to a midwife. tempala, the hop or spring of a fighting chevrotin. tempang, lame; limping, halt. t~mpap, to bring down the flat of the hand forcibly on any surface. tempat, place, locality; t. dawat, an inkstand; t. mengaji, a school; t. sireh, a sireh-box. tempaus, ikan tempaus, a whale; also paus. t6mpawan, beaten, wrought (of TtMPUI metals); mas t., hammered gold - the pale yellow colour of which is a simile for an admired complexion. tempayak, the larvae or grubs of wasps, bees, etc. tempayan, an earthenware jar for storing water. tempek, to cheer; the war-cries of an advancing army. tempel, close approach, nearing; jangan bertempel dengan dia, do not go close to him.' tempelak, to twit a person with a blunder or mistake. teampeleng, a box on the ears. temperas, scattered about by leakage; spilt all about a place. temperas, a biting insect (unid.). temperau, surly; gruff. tempiar, bert~mpiar or bertgmpiaran, fleeing in all directions; scattering. tempias, beating in (of rain). tempinah, the water balsam (Hydrocera triflora). tempinis, a well - known hard - wood tree (Sloetia sideroxylon). tempit, =- tempek. tempoh, Port. time (especially in the sense of further time for payment; extension of time). tempoh, a violent onslaught; charging; menempoh, to assault, to storm. temponek, the monkey-jack (Artocarpus rigida). tempong, I. throwing at a mark. II. pushing off at right angles; pushing off a boat from a bank. temporok, = porok. tempoyak, a preserve made of salted durian. tempua, burong tempua, the weaver -bird; ikan t., a fish (Barbus apogon). tempui, a tree yielding a good fruit (Baccaurea Malayana).. [ 261 1

T1iMPULINC tempuling, a barbed fish-spear. tempunai, = temponek. tempuras, = temperas. tempurong, a piece of coconutshell; a bit of a skull; the body of a mandoline-like musical instrument; t. lutut, the knee-pan; sisek t., the logger -head turtle (Thalassochelys caretta). t~mu, I. coming together at the same spot; bertemu, to meet; pertemuan, meeting; the act or place of meeting; one's affinity. lI. a generic name given to a number of wild gingers (Scitaminee); t. kunchi, a small cultivated ginger (Koempferia pandulata); t. kunyit, turmeric (Curcuma longa); t. lawak, a white turmeric, the zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria). timuchut, = chenuchup. timukus, = kemungkus. temukut, = lemukut. temurun, turn-temurun, by descent, pedigree, lineage. timut, throbbing, of the fontanel. tOnang, calm, smooth, still (of water). tinar, an uproar; a row. tenda, Port. an awning. tindang, kicking out; bertumbok bertendang, with cuffs and kicks. tendas, to cut off a man's head. teng, Ch. a Chinese lantern. tengadah, looking upwards; to look up. t ngah, midst, middle; the half, the centre; in the middle of (in point of time); whilst; t. hari, midday; t. naik, half-grown; t. minngajar, while he was teaching; sa- tengah, a half; a fair quantity; some. tengar, a tree of the mangrove type-the bark of which is used for tanning (Ceriops candolleana). TIaNGKA tengek, rancid (of oil). tengIng, v. tengong. tenggala, Skr. a plough;,tanah t., arable land; padi t., seed-padi; menenggala, to plough. tinggalong, a civet-cat (Viverra tangalunga); pagar t., the railing round the stern-gallery of a native ship. tenggan, rolls of fat on the limbs or body. tenggang, share and share alike; equally divided; the length, e.g., of a king's reign, a limited time. tenggara, south-east; timur menenggara, E.S.E.; selatan me - nenggara, S.S.E. tinggat, limit, extreme point; dari tenggat ini ka-tgnggat itu, from this extremity to that. tinggek, tossing rice up and down when winnowing. tenggek, I. squatting, perching, like a bird or ape. II. wearing the head-dress at a rakish slant. tenggI!am, to sink; to be submerged; to disappear from the surface; matahari t., sunset; suratan - nya timbul tMngglamn, the written characters on it were partly visible, partly effaced; tenggelamkan, to submerge. tenggelong, Ked. = penanggalan -v. tanggal. tengger, = teoggek. tenggiling, a sort of ant-eater or armadillo (Manis javanica); atap batu sisek t., tiled roofing. tenggiri, a generic name for a number of edible fish (Cybium spp.). tinnggulong, a millipede which rolls up into a ball when touched; also stlggutong. tengka, Pah. between = anltera, nenengka, to stand between; fig., to negotiate. r M2f ]

TtiNGKALAK tengkalak, a long narrow fish - trap with inturning spikes at the broader end, or else (t. onak), made of sticks with inturning thorns. tengkalok, unripe but edible (of fruit). ti~ngkalong, = tenggalong. tengkang, the space between the eyes. tOngkar, bertengkar, to quarrel, to have a squabble; tengkari, to stir up a quarrel; pertengkaran, an altercation. t6ngkawang, a (Borneo) tree ( Diplocnemia sebifera); see kawang. tengkelang, -= kelang. tengkerong, a fish (Sebastes stolizks) - also known as ke - rong-kerong. tengkes, unequal in size to its fellows; insufficiently developed; deformed, of overlapping toes. tengking, snarling; menengking, to speak angrily. tengkoh, Ch. opium - dross prepared for re-smoking. tengkolok, a head-wrapper; a kerchief used as a head-dress. t~ngkorak, a skull; the cranium; ringgit t., the 21/- guilder piece. Tengku, a royal title of the highest rank; a prince of the first grade, except in Perak where tngkiu is used of princes of the first grade and Tengku of inferior princes and the four greatest commoner chiefs. tingkuyong, I. a shell (Cyprea sp.). II. sago-bark. tenglong, - tanglong. t6ngoh, metnengoh, to low (of oxen). tengok, looking at, peering at; (in bazaar Malay) to see. tUngong-tenging, Pk. mourning, absent-minded. TIRPA$ tingsi, Ch. a soup-spoon. tenjak, Pah. to walk with toe or heel lifted, as a person with sore feet. tenok, a tapir (Tapirus malayanus); also badak t~nok-cf. also badak tampong, b. mlurai. tenong, pttenong, a (S'pore.) fortune-teller. tenong, a flat - topped circular box of Javanese make. tentang, opposite, facing; bertentangan, vis-a-vis; menentang, to face (as a man faces an opponent). tentang, a window (the hinges of which are at the top and not at the side). tentawan, akar tentawan, a water- producing vine (Cono - cephalus suaveolens). tentu, certain; definite; indubitable, positive; khabar Yang t., reliable news. tentuban, - tuban-tuban. tenturun, Riau = b~nturong. tenul, a tree (Myristica laurina). tenun, the art or process of weaving; tenunan, method or style of weaving; salah t~nunan, a fault in the fabric; bertMnun, to weave. ten.yeh, to press and pinch. Cf. tonyoh. tepak (onom.), a slight slap, pat or blow with the flat of the hand. tepak, a rectangular (Palembangmade) box containing s i r e hchewing requisites. tepam, laying the palm of the hand on anything or passing the palm of the hand over anything (as a man in the dark trying to make out the character of some object). tepas, I. brimful; full up. II. cmpat tIpas dumia, the four [ 26a ]

TItPAT quarters of the earth; = impat penjuru alam. tepat, exactly; full; barat t., due west; matahari t., exactly noon; p6noh t., just exactly full; bertipat, to carry out in its exactness, e.g., berftpat janji, to carry out one's promise to the letter. tepayan, = tempayan. tepeh, an edible salt-water shellfish (unid.). tepek, to affix by plastering. teper, = cheper. tcpi, edge, border, margin, brink; menepi, to step to the edge; to edge off; to step aside. tepis, knocking aside; warding off; tepiskan, to strike or push aside; tepis-menepis, to fence. tepok, clapping, slapping, patting; menepok dada, to beat the breast; t. lalat, the flap which Malays use for catching grasshoppers. tepok, lame from a bad leg and not from amputation. tepong, flour; meal; powdery substance; t. beras, rice flour; t. gandum, wheaten flour; t. tawar, a powder used for cooling the skin. tepu, full to the brim; full (of sails). tora, the royal seal, stamp or impression; belum bertera, it is still unsealed; meterai, to stamp documents or coins in the mint. terada, (Batavia) = tiada. teraJang, trampling under foot; to stamp down on anything; tendang t., kicking and stamping (of a horse). teraju, Pers. scales; a balance; the loose string joining the extremities of a kite, tent strings. tlrak, I. a fowl's laying-place. II. tin refuse after smelting. III. penoh t~rak, absolutely full; TIRATU chockful; e I o k t., perfectly beautiful. teral, to insist; verbal pressure or importunity. teraling, I. a bird (unid.). II. a wood used in house-building (Tarrietia simplicifolia). teran, to strain (in easing oneself); the impulse in labour. teranas, good anchorage; firm sea-bottom. terang, clear, bright, obvious, evident; t. hati, clear-sighted; t. benderang, shining bright; t. chuacha, clear daylight; ditengah-tengah t., quite openly; in broad daylight; keterangan, elucidation, clearing up, explanation. terangkek, a bamboo receptacle for palm-juice. terap, I. a tree (Artocarpus Kunstleri), the bark of which is used by Sakais as cloth; kulit t., the bark so used. II. k'ris teterapan = k. terapang. terap,- tiarap. terapang, a metal covering for the keris-sheath. teras, hard wood in a tree; the harder portions of a good timber - tree; bertgras, having a solid core. terasi, a preparation of fish and prawns (better known as belachan). terasul Ar. letter-writing; ilmu t., a knowledge of epistolary forms; kitab t., a treatise on letter-writing. terat, a boundary. teratai, the lotus (Nelumbium speciosum). teratak, a lean-to; a humble hut; a depreciatory way of describing one's own dwelling. tcratu, Port. torture; tempat t., a torture-chamber. [ 264 ]

TFRAU t.rau, menerau, to spin thread. terbang, flying; to fly, belum t. lalat, before the flies are astir, i.e., the very early morning; t. arwah or t. semangat, "the flight of the spirit of life"; lost of consciousness; beterbangan, flying about. terbis, slipping down at the side (as earth after a landslip). terbit, issuing out of; exit from; matahari t., the rising sun; t. rimba, issuing from the forest; yang terbit dari pada hati yang jerneh, proceeding from a pure heart. terbul, a fresh-water fish (unid.). terbus, Ar. tarboosh; a fez. terbut, a heavy wooden bolt used in ship-building. terek, I. excessive; panas t., extreme heat. II. burong terek chanai, the Indian oriole (Oriolus indicus). terenang, a large squat watervessel of earthenware or metal. tOrendak, a conical sun-hat; t. China, the Chinese pattern of sun-hat (which is not a perfect cone but slopes inwards); siput t., a shell (Phorus solaris). terntang, a large forest - tree (Campnosperma auriculata). tOri, Skr. three, triple (in certain expressions only, e.g., tri -buana the three worlds; teri-sula, a trident). tOriak, a cry, a shout; berteriak, to cry out. teriba, akar teriba, a medicinal plant (Rhinacanthus communis). terigu, Port flour. terima, menerima, to receive, to obtain; t. kaseh, the acknow - ledgment of the receipt of kindness; thank you; thanks. TIeROK teringket, Hind. from Port. a square sail. teripang, a sea-worn-prized by Chinese as a delicacy (Holothuria edulis); ikan t., a fish (Saurus indicus). terisula, Skr. a trident; see teri and sula. teritek, dripping; dropping continually in small drops-cf. titek. teritip, a small sea-slug (which eats into piles and ships' bottoms). terjai, Ked. steep, sloping. terjal, the flapping of a kite. terjali, Ar. clear, obvious; to appear, reveal oneself. terjimah, Ar. translation; interpretation; me'ntrijemahkan, to translate. terlun, rapid descent; to leap or jump down; ager t., a waterfall; t. dari atas kuda, to leap off a horse; terjunkan, to let drop. terka, Skr. guess-work; menerka, to guess-cf. tMka. terkam, leaping or springing forward; saperti singa hendak mnenrkam, like a lion about to spring. terkap, catching under a concave surface. terkul, senapang tMrkul, a blunderbuss. terkup (onom.), the dull clash of flat non-metallic substances; the butting of rams. termasa, Pers. a show; a spectacular festival; the sights of a place. ternah, unprecedented, unusual, extraordinary; si - tMrnah, a dressed- up idiot-a term of abuse. ternak, orang ternak, aborigines. tbrok, severe (of illness or of a beating). [ 265 ]

TEROMBA thromba, N.S. a song of origin (Minangkabau). terompah, = terompak. t~rompak, wooden clogs. t/rompet, Eng. trumpet; siput t., a shell (Triton variegatus). t6rona, = teruna. throng, a vegetable; the brinjal or Solanum; t. asam or t. perat ( Solanum aculeatissimum ); t. meranti, (Solanum nigrum); t. pipit (Solanum torvum and S. verbascifolium); t. tikus (Solanum sarmentosum); t. b~lachan or t. p~rak or t. rapoh (Solanum melongena). terongko, Port. a prison; a cell. teropong, a tube; a tubular or telescopic instrument; a telescope, a speculum; t. api, a bellows; t. tuma, a microscope. tOrpa, mnnerpa, to dart forward. t~rpal, Hind. from Eng. a tarpaulin; a driving-apron. tertawa, to laugh; see also tawa. tertib, Ar. I. order, rank, precedence; t. sembahyang, the order of prayer, ritual. II. becoming modesty, i.e., of people who do not presume. terubin, a fish-trap with a falling door; also tubin. t6rubok, a fish (Clupea kanagurta); t~lur t., the roe of this fish used as a sort of caviare. t6rubong, a granary; a padi-barn. terubul, a tree (Ixora grandi - folia). thrum, a word of command to elephants to make them sit down. terumbu, a reef or rock visible at low tide but covered at high water. t~runa, Skr. an unmarried youth; muda t., a stripling; agam t., a cockerel. thruntum, a sea- shore shrub (Aegiceras majus). TETEL terup, I. main temrp, a game played with European cards. I. kuda terup, a troop-horse. terus, right through; in a direct line through or across; terusan, a canal or cutting joining two reaches of a river. terusi, Tam. vitriol, sulphuric acid. tesak, the bull's-eye in a target. tesi, Ch. a tea-spoon. tetak, hacking, notching; ttakkan, to strike (anything) with a cutting weapon; menetakkan, id.; minetak, to give a cutting blow. tetal, close (of the pattern of a cloth); without wide interstices; kueh t., a cake made of pulut rice with coconut- milk, sugar and egg. tetampan, an embroidered kerchief of silk worn ceremonially on the shoulder by court attendants. tetap, I. fixed (of tenure or residence); definitely decided; sa[elah t. bichara itu, when that matter was settled; menntapkan, to give security or permanency to anything; pertgtap, confident, assured. II. blotting up; sucking up moisture; kain t. tuboh, a towel. tetapi, Skr. but; however; still; nevertheless. tetas, men~tas, to be hatched (of eggs). tete, watching his chance (of a wrestler or fighting-cock). tktfgok, a small owl-perhaps a dialectic name for the punggok (Glaucidium brodii). tetek, the nipple of the breast; mumbgri t., to suckle. tetel, inferior meat (sinews, soft cartilage, etc.), consumed by the poor. r 2<I ]

T TIBAU tetibau (onom.), a bird (unid.) -so called from its note, which is sometimes represented as ta' tidur. t~tirok, see tirok. tetkala, Better tatkala. tewas, failure; being worsted; t. perang-nya, the battle was going against him. teyan, Ch. berteyan, to club together. tezi, Pers. kuda tezi, a Pegasus, a winged horse; also teji. thabit, Ar. revealed, of truth; also sabit. thalatha, - selasa. thalju, Ar. snow. tiada, is not; not to be; tiada-lah ia di-sini, he is not here. tian, Jav. the lower abdomen in a pregnant woman. tiang, a pillar; a post; a mast; a vertical support; t. agong, the mainmast; t. bendera, a flag - staff; t. seri, the central pillar in a Malay house. tiap, tiap-tiap, every; pada tiaptiap hari, every day; tiap-tiap inmreka itu, everyone of them. tiarap, tertiarap, lying on one's face (of a man); bottom upwards (of a boat); tiarapkan, to turn (anything) face downwards; meniarap, to assume such a position. tib, Ar. book of charms, a treatise on medicine or magic or astrology. tiba, I. to arrive suddenly; "putting in" at a port (of a ship); "landing" (of a blow); tibatiba, suddenly, unexpectedly. II. p~tiban sampir, a gift, a present -in Javanese tales only. tibar, = tebar. tidak, no, not; tidakkain, to deny the existence of; k~tidakan, nonexistence. TILAN tldur, to sleep; t. lMlap, deep sleep; t:mpat t., a bed; tiduran or ketiduran, sleep; being asleep; tidurkan, to put to sleep, e.g., an infant, to have coition (of the male). tiga, three; bertiga, in a party of three; ketiga, all three; yang ketiga, third. tijak, = pijak. tika a reel of thread. tikal, a Siamese "tical." tikam, stabbing; spearing; piercing, of thorns; mati k~na t., death from a stab or from a spear-thust; tikamkan, to drive (a pointed weapon) into anything. tikar, a mat; bentangkan t., to spread a mat; brtikarkan, to use (anything) as a mat; to sleep on. tikas, the line of sea-weed and drift-wood on a beach, showing the extreme point reached by the tide. tikus, a generic name for rats and mice; t. ambang bulan, Raffles' Gymnura; t. Belanda, the (imported) guinea-pig; t. buloh, a name for the bamboo-rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis), better dekan; t. mondok, = t. ambang bulan; t. rumah, the common house- mouse (Mus musculus) t. tanah, the field -mouse {Mus decumnanus); t. turi, the muskshrew (Crocidura murina and C. cterulea); anjin t., uncertain winds; gigi t., small regular teeth; lobang t., the cavity in which the body is laid in a Malay grave. tilam, a mattress; tilaman, id. tilan, a fish (Mastacembelus armatus); t. pasir (Trypauchena vagina); t. rumput (Pimelep - terus cinerascens). [ 267 1

tiLEK tilek, to look long and fixedly at anything; carefully examining; tMmpat t., a cynosure of all eyes; tukang t., a man gifted with second-sight; a fortune-teller. tilu, an insect (unid.). tim, Ch. stewing; petiman, a stew-pan. timah, tin; lead; zinc; t. puteh, tinned iron; t. hitam, lead; t. sari, zinc; bijeh t., alluvial tin; ikan timah-timah, a fish (Lutia nus lineolatus?); pokok timahtimah, a small tree ( Ilex cy - mosa). timang, balancing; to toss up and down (as an adult playing with a very young child); timang-timangan, a pet name or nursery name. timba, a small bucket; a dipper; t. ruang, the bailing-well in a boat; menimba, to bale. timbal, bertimbalan, in equipoise; matching. timbang, estimating the weight of anything; considering the pros and cons of a question; batu timbangan, measure of weight; timbangkan, to weigh; penimbang, the weigher. timbau, adding a piece so as to lengthen anything; papan t., upper strake of a boat. timbok, to strike downwards with the flat of the first. timbul, appearing on the surface; floating; emerging from below; t. tMnggelam, appearing and disappearing- of the letters of a half-erased inscription; bulan t., the new moon; gambar t., a statue; timbulkan, to bring out in evidence; m'nimbulkan, id.; penimbul, that which causes a thing to come to the surfaceused especially of a charm of invulnerability (kgbal pgnimbul TINDAN or penimbul raksa) [based on the belief that quicksilver absorbed into the system will rush to any spot struck by a weapon and so prevent the weapon penetrating beneath the skin]. timbun, a heap; timbuni, tim - bunkan, or menimbunkan, to heap up anything; bertimbuntimbun, in heaps; piled one on on top of the other. timbus, filling up or blocking a cavity; timbusi, to fill up (a grave). timpa, falling down on; striking in its fall; di-timpa batu, struck down by falling stones; t. rasa, to bear the brunt of anything; t. perasaan, id.; di-timpa daulat, struck down by the power of dead kings; menimpa, to strike in one's fall; to fall upon. timpang, -= tempang. timpas, low - water; t. perbani, very low tide. timpoh, bertimpoh, to sit with the legs turned to the right and bent back towards the body, while the left arm rests on the ground, as Malay women sit. timpus, disproportionately narrow; lacking in beam (of a boat). timu, by right (de jure); timutimu, id. timun, a gourd; a pumpkin; t. China, the cucumber; t. den - dang, a passion - flower (Passiflora foetida); t. hutan, t. Belanda (Passiflora quadranguIls), the grenadilla. Also mentimun. timur, east; t. laut, N.E.; t. uadang, S.E.; t. minenggara, E.S.E. tinas,- = tindas. tindan, lying loosely one on the other (of a pile of books or [ 268 ]

TINDAS similar objects); sa- tindan, a disorderly heap. tindas, to crack a flea on the thumb-nail. tindeh, lying one over the other; yang rebah di-tindeh, the fallen is pressed under (still further) the unfortunate are oppressed; bertindeh, lying one over the other (as bodies on a battlefield). tindek, pricking through a thin surface, boring the ears. tinggal, remaining over or b.hind; abiding in a place; rumah t., an abandoned house; t. nadi. with life alone left, ruined; tinggali, to leave behind; to abandon; tinggalkan or meninggalkan, id.; ketinggalan, abandonment; severance; pening - galan absence; sa-peninggalaa, in the absence of (so-and-so); tertinggal, left behind; abandoned. tinggi, high; lofty; t. hati, proud. tinggil, peninggil, a gallery. tinggong, bertinggong, sit on one's heels; squat like a toad, or dog on its hind legs. tingkah, ways, behaviour, manners; t. laku, id. tingkal, Hind. from Skr. borax. tingkap, a long low native window. tingkat, a dock, a flooring-taken as a measure of height or size; kapal tiga t., a three- decker; bertingkat - tingkat, in storeys; in stages. tingkil, a bunch; a cluster (of fruit). tingkis, sad, sorrowful. tingting, I. to hop. II. to ring coins. tinlau, stretching out the neck; nmeninjau, to look out; peninjau, a scout. TITI tinju, boxing; bertinju, to box. tinta, Port. ink. tinting, to winnow with a swaying motion. tiong, the mynah (Aracula intermedia and Gracula javanensis); t. batu or t. belachan, the Eastern broad-billed roller (Eurystomus orientalis). tipis, thin, delicate;=nipis. tipu, deception, fraud; bohong dan t., lies and misrepresentations; menipu, to deceive; penipu, deceptive. tir, I. Eur. tar. II. the rook or castle in chess. tirai, Tam. a curtain; t. kelambu, mosquito-curtains. tiram, an oyster. tiri, "step"-in expressions like step-child (anak t.), step-father (bapa t.) and step-mother (ma' t.). tiris, oozing through; dripping from. tirok, a long unbarbed fish-spear; burong t., the snipe (Gallinago stenura and G. coelestis); burong tetirok, id.; menirok, to spear fish-cf. tirus. tiru, meniru, to copy, to imitate; tiruan, an imitation. tirus, thin and tapering to a point; padi menirus, the ear of rice in its earliest stages -cf. tirok. titah, the utterance of a prince; t. Sultan, the Sultan says; bertitah, to speak (of a prince). titar, = titir. titek, I. a drop; a liquid particle; sa-titek embun, a drop of dew; menitek, to let fall in drops. II. a heavy racking blow in administering torture. titi, a fallen trunk or a plank, branch, or bridge over a stream; meniti, to pass over such a foot [ 269 ]

way; titian, a narrow footway; a narrow bridge. titir, a swift rapping movement; to beat certain drums and gongs; di-titir chanang pemanggil. titis, slow dropping; the dropping of sticky liquids-cf. titek. tlup, blowing; the action of a current of air upon anything; buntal di-t., a blown-out buntal fish; bUrtiup, to blow (of the breeze). tiut, tempang tint, limping, slightly lame. to', a contraction for dato', q.v. toakang, Ch. puffed up with selfconceit. toalang, the swarming of bees; bgrtoalang, to swarm (of bees); pokok t., a tree where bees have made a nest. Also sialang. tobak, square - cut; trimmed square (of the nails). tobat, Ar. repentant; giving up (an evil practice); also taubat, bertobat, to repent one's ways; tobatkan, to absolve from sin. todak, a fish (Belone strongylura and Hemiramphus spp.). togel, = dogel. togok, limbless; with stumps for limbs; belayar t., to sail with only a storm-sail set; si-Togok, the long - nosed clown in a Javanese wayang. tohok, a sort of harpoon with a rope attached; tenggiri t., a fish (unid.). tohor, shallow; kapur t., whitewash. tolang, a temporary prop or support; penojang kaki, a foot-rest. totak, I. an ulcer on the shin. II. biting (in fighting and not for eating). III. hairy patches on the head. to'kek (onom.), the gecko. toko, Ch. a warehouse or store. TOMBONO tokoh, character, quality, typeof goods; sa - tokoh ini, up to* this sample. tokok, a small increase; to throw something in over and above. tokong I. a treeless rock; a barren island; t. pulau, lit. rocks and isles, an archipelago. II. Ch. a Chinese temple. III. bertokong, shaved of the head of a woman. tolak, repelling; keeping off; rejecting; t. b a r a, ballast; t. bala, a propitiatory offering against misfortune; tolakkan, to push away; m~nolakkan, id. toleh, a side-look; mrnoleh kab~lakang, to look back; pertolehan hari, the turning point in the sun's course (when it seems to descend precipitately). tolo, I. impulsive. II. anyamn satolo, a quadruple plait. tolok, I. matching; a peer or equal; tiada bcrtolok, matchless. II. (Dutch) an interpreter. tolong, aid, assistance; (in the Straits) favour, mercy, help; tolongan, assistance; mnnolong, to help; tolongkan, to assist; m~nolongkan, id. tom, (Dutch) the bridle; tali t., the reins. toman, a fish (Ophicephalus striatus). tombak, a spear; a pike; a halberd; t. bend rang, spears with horse-hair attached to them (as emblems of rank); t. kerajaan, state-spears; t. rambu, a spear with a fringe or tassel under the spear-point; t. sayang, a gaff for close-hauling a sail. tombol, the knob on a door; ikan t. mas, a fish (Thymnus thunnina). tombong, I. the seed-bud in a [ 270 1

TOMONG coconut-shell. II. arrogrant; = sombong. tomong, a short squat gun, a sort of native howitzer. tompok, I. sa - tompok, a small heap. II. spotted, tabby. tondong, banish; rounding a man out of a place. tong, (Dutch) a tun, tub, barrel. tonggak, I. a snag. II. aerial roots - such as those of the banyan. tonggek, jutting out, of the posterior-cf. tunggit. tonggeng, lift the posterior (as in leap-frog); to invert a vessel to drain it; t. buyong, aslant. tongget, = tunggit. tonggok, heap; sa - tonggok, a heap; a pile; = sa-tompok. tonggong, heaping up-cf. tonggok. Tongkah, I. a town in Junk Ceylon; relai T., a common type of smelting-furnace. II. papan tongkah, a plank used to make one's way over mud-flats. III. tongkah, nenongkah, to travel against the tide. IV. to lengthen a garment by sewing on a piece at the top. tongkang, a barge; a lighter; a very large open boat. tongkat, a vertical prop; a crutch; a stick; propping up from below; t. ketiak, a crutch; m~nongkat, to sustain, to prop up. tongkeng, I. the rump; tulang t., the coccyx. II. bunga Tongkeng, the Tonkin Creeper (Pergutaria minor). tongkol, a knob; a roundish lump or clod; inas t., nugget gold. tongkong,- tongkol. tongong, slow of wit. tongtong, a clapper; a soundingboard. TUAI tonjol, I. a big bump or protuberance on the forehead. II. to butt with the head. tonyoh, rubbing one substance on another; rubbing dirt roughly on a boy's face, etc. top, a vessel with very bluff bows; layar t., a lug-sail with a long yard. topang, the forked supports of a kajang, in a native boat; a forked stick of any sort; layar t., a foresail. topekong, Ch. a Chinese joss. topeng, masked Jav. dancers. topes, a precipiously sloping bank. topi, Hind. a sun- hat; a hat generally. topong, a small bag for holding belachan. torak, I. anak torak, the spool (in weaving); batang t., the spool rod. II. ubi torak, a kind of potato. Toran, Pers. Tartary, Turkestan. torang, the knot at the corner of a mesh. torek, a running at the ears. totok, I. full-blooded (pur sang). II. a fish (unid.). toya, physical weakness. toyah, a long pole used as a thrusting-pole in fighting. toyoh, = tonyoh. tu, = itu. tua, old, matured; aged, senior; deep (of colouring); orang t., an old man; the head of a family; a village elder; ketua, a village headman; pa' t., an uncle older than one's father; merah t., deep red; dark red. tuah, luck; prosperity that can be ascribed only to chance; bartuah, lucky, luck-bringing. tuai, a peculiar cutter used for reaping padi (a few stalks only [ 271 ]

TUAK being cut at a time); mnuai, to cut padi with this. tuak, fermented spirit made from palm-juice. tuala, Port. a serviette; a napkin; a towel; t. mandi, a bath-towel. tualang, see toalang. tuam, to apply a hot dry poultice to a diseased part. tuan, master, lord, lady; a term applied to Europeans (men only), to Malays (men and women) of position who have not higher titles, to a haji of either sex, to descendants of the Prophet, and by a lover to his mistress or vice versa; bertuankan, to take service under; to acknowledge (someone) as a master; tuan-ku, a title used in addressing a reigning prince; yang di - pertuan, the supreme lord; the sovereign; yam-tuan, id. tuang, I. to pour out; empty out a liquid; m6nuangkan, id. II. tuang - tuang, a bamboo blown into noisily by way of signal. tuap, a splint of rattans. tuar, a riverine fish-trap made of in-turning thorns. tuas, I. to lever; to apply leverage in torture. II. to skedaddle. III. Pen. a form of fishing in which branches of foliage are anchored so as to attract fish by the food and shelter they provide [the fishing is done by hook and line cf. unjam]. tuat, I. a mark indicating a good fishing ground. II. ketuat, a wart. tub, tub-tub, Pk. - tiba-tiba. tuba, a plant (Derris elliptica), with a root the sap of which has stupefying properties and is used in fishing; menuba, to fish in this way; t. tikus, arsenic. TUJOH tuban, tuban-tuban, the discharge preceding delivery; the liquor amnii. tubi, to devote, give oneself up heart and soul to anything. tubin, a fish-trap with a falling door; also terubin. tubir, a steep river-bank or shore. tuboh, the body in the anatomical sense; the bodily frame; the seat of physical sensation; panas rasa tuboh-ku, I feel cold; b~kas t., a garment that has actually been worn; sa - tuboh, having carnal intercourse. tubok, a wooden lance for spearing teripang. tuding, aslant; at an angle; a " pulling" stroke in contradistinction to a straight drive. tudoh, accusation (especially slanderous); menudoh, to accuse. tudong, a veil; a hollow cover; covering up; t. saji, a large dishcover; siput t., a shell (Trochus pyramis); tudongan, a veil; tudongi or tudongkan, to enshroud. tugal, a pointed stick used for making holes in the ground in which rice-seed is dropped. tugar, = tugal. tugas, steady and strong (of a breeze). Tuhan, God. tuhfat, Ar. turfatu'l-ajnas, "a gift of miscellanies"-a term used in polite letter-writing to describe the letter and the gifts which theoretically accompany it. tui, a tree (Ixonanthes icosan - dra). tuil, a lever for tilting up a heavy mass; to carry a burden over the shoulder on a stick with another stick over the other shoulder to support it. tujoh, seven. [ 272 ]

TUJU tulU, pointing at; making for; sa-t., in harmony; tujui, to aim at; to make for; menuju, to point towards; to injure by turning evil spirits upon. tukal, 1. a measure for thread; a parcel of skeins. II. a dent or mark left on the skin, the skin not being broken. tukang, a craftsman; a skilled workman; t. b~si, a blacksmith; t. chap, a printer; t. chukur, a barber; t. kasut, a shoe-maker; t. kayu, a carpenter; t. mas, a goldsmith; t. tilek, a fortune - teller. tukar, to change, substituting one thing for another; bertukar, to exchange. tukas, menukas, N.S. to accuse of immorality. tukil, K. a bamboo vessel for carrying liquid = tabong. tukul, a small hammer. tukun, a sunken rock-cf. tokong. tul, Eur. a thole-pin. tuladan, = teladan. tulah, Ar. a calamity consequent on sacrilege or extreme presumption; t. papa, the curse of poverty generally. tulang, a bone; t. buku lali, t. Allah 'mak, coll. ankle; t. kuching, funny - bone; t. belakang, the dorsal vertebrae; t. belikat, the shoulder-blade; t. dayong, id.; t. chaping, the xiphoid process; t. kering, the tibia: t. rusok, the ribs; t. selangka, the collar-bone; t. sulbi or t. tongkeny, the coccyx. tulat, the third day after this; the day after the day- after tomorrow. tuli, I. deaf; minulikan, to deafen. II. tuli-tuli, a loop of rattan or metal wire tied on the TUMPU stem of a keris-sheath, now as an ornament only. tulis, writing, painting figuring; juru t., a scribe, a clerk; tulisan, handwriting; menalis, to write (intransitive). tulong, = 1olong. tulus, sincere; earnest. tuma, a small insect; a sort of louse. tuman, I= toman. tumang, a wooden tent-peg; a tethering peg; an arrangement of three sticks for cooking. tumbang, to fall heavily; top - pling down (of a large tree). tumbas, to the bitter end; to the last drop- a strong expression of completion. tumboh, sprouting up; springing up (of any growth); tumbohtumbohan, plants generally; k6 -tumbohan, an eruptive disease; small-pox; bertumboh, to sprout (of plants). tumbok, to strike a pounding blow; t. lada, a small dagger. tumbong, the hairless patches on the hind-quarters of certain monkies. tumis, to cook in oil and seasoning tumit, heel (of the foot); t. tiang, the truck of a mast. tumpah, spilling; shed; t. ruah, poured out; tempat t. darah, birth-place; tumpahkan, to pour out; to empty out. tumpang, menumpang, to lodge; to take shelter with; to take advantage, e.g., of a lift in a car, of another's learning, etc. tumpas, utterly; head over heels (of a bad fall). tumpat, filled tip (of a hollow); mwnumpat, to stop up an orifice. tumpu, having a footing on; resting on; melompat bersatumpa, 18 [ 273 ]

TUMPUL to jump from a standing position; bertumpu, to have a footing somewhere; to have a place to "take off" from. tumpul, blunt. tumpur, loss by leakage; frittering away. tumu, a sea-shore tree (Didymocarpus crinitus). tumus, falling on the face; sprawling. Tun, an old Malay title. tuna, Skr. a wound; = luka. tunai, ready (of money); cash down; wang t., ready money; tunaikan or mennnaikan, to realise (one's hopes). tunak, definite attachment; fixed of tenture; industrious. tunam, the match applied to a cannon. tunang, troth; betrothal; peluru t., a bullet pledged (by sorcery) to take effect; bertunang, to be engaged to be married. tunas, a young shoot sprouting from a branch. tunda, towing; sampan t., a dinghy; panching t., a tow-line. tundok, stooping, bowing, lowering the head; t. menyembah, to bow in salutation; t. tengadah, to look down and then up (as a man trying to compose a letter); mrnundokkan kepala, to bow the head; ilmu penundok, a magic art for procuring the submission of a person. tundun, the mons Veneris. tungau, a parasite infesting fowls. tunggal, sole; single; one; anak t., an only child; babi t., a solitary boar; Sang Yang t., the one God. tunggang, I. astride; riding; menunggang kuda, to ride. II. up-.,side down; t. Ianggang, head over heels; t. balek, id.; t. tung TUNTUN git, bowing very deep; bobbing up and down. tungging, = tonggeng. tunggit, tunggang-tunggit, bowing very low; bobbing up and down. tunggu, tunggui, to watch over; bertunggu, to be on the watch; p~nunggu, a watchman; penunggu pintu, a porter. tunggul, I. the stump of a tree; tunggul - tunggul or tetanggul, the upstanding stump of a rainbow (believed to be porten - tous). II. a flag- staff; a standard. III. penunggul, a hostage, a propitiatory offering made by the vanquished to the victor. IV. penunggil, a heavy lump of wood to which an animal is tethered to prevent him running away. tungkap, tongue - tied; dumb - founded; silent through nervousness; opening the mouth and saying nothing. tungku, an arrangement of stones constituting a primitive stove; batu t., the stones so used; a hot stone used as a poultice; t. kera, a white-ants' nest. tungkus, deeply imbedded in anything. tuni, = tuna. tunjal, a thrust downwards to give impetus to an upward motion. tunjang, the tap-root of a tree. tunjok, tunjokkan or menunjokkan, to point out; to show; to display-cf. telunjok. tunjong, the water-lily. tuntong, a turtle (Callagur pictu). tuntun, I. to lead, conducting, guiding- by means of some connecting link as a man leading a horse with a rope. II. mrnuntun, to flock in crowds (to any performance). [ 274 ]

TUNTUT tuntut, menuntut, to claim; following after, intently seeking; t. ilmu, to pursue knowledge, esp. religious. tunu, to burn up; consuming by fire. tupai, I. a generic name for squirrels; t. biji nangka, the tupaia (Tupaia ferruginea); t. galang perahu, Raffles' squirrel (Sciurus rafflesi); t. jinjang, - t. nandong; t. kampong (Sciurus notalus); t. nandong (Sciurus bicolor); t. tanah, a tree-shrew. II. a cooking-place on a native ship. tupang, = topang. turap, Ar. covering, plastering, lining; berturap, covered, plastered; tepas berturap, lath and plaster work. turas, filtration; straining through cloth. turi, Skr. tikus turi, a name given to the musk-shrews, '- tikus kesturi. turis, scratch (a line or mark), to tap rubber. Turki, Turkish. turun, tdescent; coming down; UBAT turunan or keturunan, descent, origin; t. temurun, by descent; turunkan, menurunkan, to lower. turus, erect; the uprights of a fish-trap; t. negeri, a pillar of the state. turut, following in succession after; following advice or instruction; turutan, an example; turutkan or menurutkan, to take anything as an example to follow. tutoh, menutoh, to lop off the branches from the trunk, after or before felling a tree; t. lari, "skedaddle." tutok, I. to break or crush rattans into a sort of fibrous pulp. II. a tree (Hibiscus macrophyllus). tutul, Jav. spotted; machan t., the leopard; - hariman bintang. tutup, closing up; covering; shutting; a lid or cover; sa-lahun t., a full year; t. bumi, a weed (Elephantopus scaber); tutupkan, to close, to shut up; menulupkan, id. tutur, utterance; bertutur, to speak. U uak, menguak, to low; to bellow. uap, vapour, steam: also wap. uar, uar- tuar, public proclamation; warwarkan, to proclaim, publish. uba, a sago-vat. ubab. change, alteration; mengubahkan, to alter (a thing ) birubah, to be altered. uban, grey, of the hair; beruban, to be grey or grizzled; 'to aae; chiak uban or pipit uban. the white-headed munia (Amadina maja). ubang, to cut a curved groove in a log so as to fit it to another. ubar, berubar, to become loose; to open out; berubar hati, to speak from the heart. ubat, a drug, a medicine, a chemical, a magic simple, a philtre; a. chaching, a remedy for intestinal worms; a. bedil, gunpowder; u. guna, a philtre; tukang u., a druggist; ubati, to apply medicine to; to treat; mengubati, id.; p~ngubat, a remedy. [ 275 ]

UBI ubi, a generic name for yams and tuberous roots; u. Benggala, the common potato (Solanum iuberosum); u. karu, topioca. (Manihot utilissima); u. nasi, u. jinjang, the common yam (Dioscorea alata); u. pasir (Dioscorea pentaphylla). ubin, batu ubin, a floor- tile; (also hard granitic stone for road-metal. ubong, - hubong. ubun, ubun-ubun, the fontanel. ubur, ubur- ubur, a large jellyfish; payonig ubur-ubar, a fringed umbrella. uchap, menguchap, to utter; menguchap shukur, to give thanks; mnEnguchap tasbeh, to tell one's beads. uda, - muda. udam, dulled; faded (of colouring); dimmed (of brilliancy). udang, a generic name for prawns, shrimps and lobsters; u. galah, the lobster; u. gmragau, a very small shrimp; u.lobok, the prawn; u. sungai, the freshwater prawn; raja a., a name given to kingfishers in the south and to large sandpipers in the north of the Peninsula. udap, udap-udapan, ingredients of all sorts that go to make up a salad. udara, Skr. the atmosphere; the heavens. udoh, = odoh. udut, m~ngudut, to smoke tobacco or chandu. uet, = wet. ufti, Skr. tribute; also upeti. ugaharl, Skr. fair; even; equal; parity. ugama, Skr. creed, religion; also igoma and agama. ugut, meng-ugut, menace, frighten. Uu uiar, Skt. utterance, speech, saying; ujar-nya, he (or they) said. uji, test, applying a touchstone to anything; batu u., a touchstone. ujong, =hujong. ujud, Ar. personality; individuality; self; the body; u. anggota, the body and limbs. ukas, a generic name for shells of the genus Malleus. ukek, a game played with coins. ukir, engrave; incise patterns; carve; ukiran, carving. 'uktab, Ar. eaele. ukup, perfuming ( cloth, etc.), with incense; pengukup or peruklupan, the frame over which the cloth is laid and under which incense is burnt. ukur, linear measurement; mnngukar, to measure; tukang ukur, a surveyor. ulam, = hulam. ulama, Ar. learned men generally; one learned in the Scriptures. ulang, repetition of action ulangan tahun, anniversary ulangkan, to repeat; berulang, repeatedly, ulang - aling, backwards and forwards. ulap, ulap - ulap, broth made of coconut-milk and keladi (Colocasia antiquorum). ular, a generic name for snakes, e.g., ular sawa, a python; ular t~dong sendok, a cobra; u. danu, (Kedah) a rainbow; u. naga, a dragon; u. - ular, a pennon, a streamer. ulas, a covering, wrapper; ulasan, id. ulat, a generic name for a number of worms; a maggot; u. bilan, millipede; u. bulu, a hairy caterpillar; u. sutera, the silk-worm. uleh, = oleh. uli, knead, squeezing down, pressing or ramming down. [ 276 1

ULIT ulit, ulitkan, to sing (a person) to sleep; mengulitkan, id.; mengulit, to croon; to sing a lullaby; pengulit, a lullaby. ulu, = hulli. ulun, I. servant; your servant; I. II. a name given to some Celebes shells (Conus miles and Conus lithoglyphus). uman, umran-uman, long-winded; a bore; menguman, to drag on a story monotonously. umanat, Ar. instructions, esp. of a dying person; berwasiat u., to bequeath. umang, umang-umang, a hermitcrab. umat, Ar. people; mankind. umbai, dangling; hanging down loosely. umban, umnban tali, a sling. umbang, I. colossal; naga u., a great sea-dragon. II. mengumbang, to float, of a boat launched on the water. umbas, = humbas. umbi, the roots of a tree; akar u., id.; "to the very roots." umbut, I. the soft heart of the upper portion of a palm; the palm-cabbage. II. ikan umbntumbut, a fish (unid.). umpama, Skr. likeness; example; instance; similar case; sa -. u., for instance umpamaan, a proverb; umpamakan, to liken to; to compare. umpan, bait; food to attract fish or animals; 1. tokak, an appetiser. umtpat, abuse; evil- speaking; cursing; umpati, to revile; mengumpat, to be abusive. umpil, mengumpil, to lever up; pengumpil, a lever. umum, Ar. obscure, involved, complicated, difficult. UNGGAS umur, Ar. life; sa-umur-ku, as long as I live. unoxi, zott, moist and odorous- - as perfumed oil. unam, an edible shell-fish (Murex sp.). unchang, 1. unchang-unchit, by driblets, by fits and starts. 11. a cloth slip-knot bag for money. unchat, lifting and lowering; moving a thing up and down. unchit, unchang-unchit, by driblets; by fits and starts; bayar u., payment in instalments. unchui, Ch. a pipe. undak, menngundak, not to make headway ( of a ship); laet p)engundak, a choppy sea against which it is difficult to make headway; undak- andek, vacillating. undan, I. burong undan, a large bird (Pelecanus philippensis). II. berundan, to be protracted; to drag on. undang, undang - undang, laws, statues, ordinances, codified enactments; Undang, the title of the chiefs of Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Jelebu, Johol. undi, lot; die; buang u., to cast lots; buah u., die, dice. undil, a money-box. undok, I. undok-undok, the seahorse (Hippocam pus sp.). II. andok-andal, in swift succession. undur, mengundur, retreat, lose ground, to give way. ungak, ungak-angek, bobbing up and down. ungap, gasping for breath (as. a dying fish). ungar, an edible salt-water fish (Lutianus argentimaculatus). unggal, = tunggal. unggang, = ungkang. unggas, a bird; u. dewata, the bird of paradise. [ 277 ]

UNOGAT unggat, stiffly erect. unggis, mengunggis, to gnaw, to nibble. unggit, = ungkit. unggun, banking a fire. ungka, a gibbon (Hylobates lar or Hylobates agilis). ungkang, ungkang - ungkit, see - saw motion; kursi ungkang - ungkit, a rocking —chair. ungkap, gaping; exposing a large orifice; lerungkap, id. ungkil, to lever up-cf. unipil. ungkit, bringing up again; raking up old stories; ungkang-ungkit, see-saw motion. ungku, engku. ungkur, berungkur-ungkuran, retreating in different directions; dispersing. ungu, purples deep reddish brown; rich dark colouring. ungum,; mumbling to oneself. uniam, 1. to thrust anything vigorously into the ground. II. Pah. an arrangement of branches and leaves anchored with stones on a fishing - ground to afford shelter to fish; buang u., to place this arrangement in position cf. tuas. unjap, Ked. = injap. unjok, offering (anything); putting (a thing) forward; unjokkan or menunjokkan, to hold out. unjong, 1. mnngunjong-y. kunjong. II. perunjong-v. runjong. unjun, lifting and lowering a bait in order to attract fish to it. unjur, stretching out; projecting; unjurkan, to thrust (anything) forward-cf. unjok..unta, Hind. Camel. untai, hanging loosely, dangling. URA untak, untak - anti, convulsive movement; also 6ntak-anti. untal, I. untal - antil, swaying loosely. II. sa-untal, an armful. untang, pendulous, swaying; untang-anting, id. until, sa - until, a small ball or pill; a small quantity. unting, a bunch of rice plants for transplanting; a small skein of thread; a unit of measurement for thread. untok, share, allotted portion. untong, gain, advantage; fortune; destiny; mendapat u., to derive profit. untut, elephantiasis. unus, = hunus. upah, payment for service rendered; fee, wage, bribe; upahkan, to engage a person's services mengupahkan, id. upak, I. mengupak, to stir up a smouldering heap of ashes. II. upak- apek, inconsequent (of talk); mischievous or inconsistent talk. upam, to burnish, polish, give lustre to stones and metals. upama, = umpanma. upas, Jay. poison generally; the poison of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria) in particular. upat, = umpat. upaya, Skr. means, resources; tiada u. or tiada daya a., destitute of all means; helpless; moneylless. upeh, the tough flower-sheaths of certain palms; timba u., a bucket or dipper made of these sheaths. upeti, Skr. tribute; also ufti. ura, berura-ura, to talk over anything; to discuss the pros and cons. [ 278 ]

URAI urai, loose, dishevelled, inadhesive; mas u., gold dust; uraikan., to undo, to unloose, to explain; menguraikan, id.; mengurai, to open out, to become loose, to unfold; terurai, undone, dishevelled (of hair). urap, urapan, cosmetics; berurao - urapan, to adorn oneself with cosmetics. urat, I. nerve, sinew, fibre, vein, muscle; u. belikat, the dorsal muscles; u. tanah, a snake (Typhlops spp.).: salah u., a strained sinew. II. Ar. gila u., lascivious. urdi, -= ordi. uri, the afterbirth; u r i a n, a brazier's mould, after use. urna, =- warna. urong, crowding; batu mas u., iron pyrites; di - urong semnt, covered with ants. urup, kedai urup-urup, a moneychanger's shop; mengurup, to change money. urus, rubbing, scrubbing - more refined than the word gosok. urut, to rub with the hands, shampoo; janggut di-u., a forked beard. usah, ta' usah, needless; it is unnecessary; never mind; don't usahkan, so far from; = jangankan. usaha, Skr. diligence, industry; beruisaha, industrious; mengusahakan diri, to exert oneself. usang, shrivelled up internally (of grains of padi, etc.); rumah u., an abandoned house (of which the outer shell only remains). usap, plating, coating. usat, ikan usat, a fish (unid.); UYONG ular tedong u., a snake (Simnotes octolineatus). usek, mengusek, to tease, chaff, worry with impertinent questions. usia, Skr. length of life, life; sapanjang usia, all one's life. usir, mengusir, to pursue, to harrass. usong, berusong, carried in a litter or slung from a pole usongan, a litter. usta, Hind., Pen. a barber. usul, I. Ar. beginnings, originsthe plural of asal; asal u., the antecedents or early history of anything. II. manner; n. jijak, bearing; u. sifat, ways; u. menunjokkan asal, manners display descent. utama, I. Skr. excellence, emi - nence; yang terutama, the most eminent. II. Skr. the breath (of life); u. jiwa, id. (a term of endearment); ayer u. jiwa, the water of life. utan, - hut an. utang, = hutang. utara, Skr. the north; u. tepal. due north; u1. burat laut, N.N.W.; u. timur lait, N.N.E.; angin u.. a northerly wind; musim a., the N.E. monsoon. Utarek, Ar. the planet Mercury. utas, I. a coil, a skein; sa-utas manek-manek, a string of beads, or corals. II. a craftsman; utasan, craftsmanship. utau, Ch. the secret sign between masons or members or secret societies. utus, mengutus, send on an embassy; utusan, an envoy, a mission. uyong, shaking, swaying. [ 279 ]

WAYANG W wa, Ar. and. waad, Ar. bond, contract,- janji. waba, Ar. plague, pestilence. wadun, Jav. a woman. wadzih, Ar. clear, distinct. wafat, Ar. to die. wah, an exclamation of surprise. wahai, hey there! waham, Ar. suspicious, doubtful. wahid, Ar. sole, single. waia, = baja. wajah, Ar. countenance, visage. walek, a kind of sweetmeat. wajib, Ar. imperative, necessary. wak, wak - wak, the gibbon = ungka. wakaf, Ar. devoted to religious purposes; tanah ivakaf, mosque land. wakap, I. the name of a bird (unid.). II. = wakaf. wakil, Ar. agent, attorney, representative. waktu, Ar. time, occasion, opportunity. walakin, Ar. and yet; but; still. walang, Jav. sad, sorrowful, melancholy. walau, Ar. although. wali, I. Ar. a vicegerent; a guardian of an unmarried woman; a deputy; w. Allah, a saint. II. pisau wnli, a small lancet-like knife. III. a shoulder-cloth. walilmana, Skr. a harpy. Wallah, Ar. God I -an exclamation of astonishment. wa'llahu, Ar. wa- llahu aalam, God is all-knowing; God knoweth best. Wan, a title given to descendants of great chiefs not of royal rank. wang, money, cash; w. tunai, ready money. wangi, fragrant, odorous, perfumed. wangkang, Old Jayv. (cf. Fiji wangka) an old type of sailing ship. wanta, Skr. nature; = anta. wap, vapour, steam; also uap. war, = uar. warangan, white arsenic. waras, Jav. cure, convalescence, good health. warga, Skr. family, people. warip, Jav. alive; w. waras, alive and well. waris, Ar. heir; inheritor; N.S. members of a matriarchal tribe with full franchise. warkat, Ar. a writing; a letter. warna, Skr. colour; shade of colour. warong, Jay. a booth or stall. warta, Skr. news, tidings; wartanya, the report was. Waruna, Skr. the god of the ocean, Varuna. wasangka, = sangka. wasi, Ar. an executor of a will. wasiat, Ar. a will. wasir, = bawasir. waslkan, Ar. to convey (a letter) -in epistolary language. waswas, Ar. care, worried, anxious. wat, (Siamese) a watt; a Buddhist temple. watan, Ar. birth-place. watas, = batas. wati, Skr. the firmament; the universe. watu, = batu. wau, a kite flown by boys. wayang, I. Jav. a theatrical performance whether by living actors (uw. wong) or by puppets f 280 1

WAZIR (w. kulit). II. ikan w., a fish (Zanchis cornutus). wazir, Ar. a vizier, a minister. weh, an interjection of address or appeal. werna, = arna. wet, turning (a boat) with a kicking stroke of a single oar at the bows. wetan, Jav. the east. wiiaya, Skr. and Jav. victorious; bunga wijaya mala, a legendary flower which brought all it touched to life. wijil, Jav. a gallery in an audience-hall. YJTA wijong, Jav. the l;rge squirrel ( Sciurus bicolor ), - tupai nanldong. wilada, miandi wilada, a ceremonial washing of the abdomen in pregnancy. wilahar, a pool, a mere; also lahar. wilis, Jav. green; dark green.. wira, Skr. a man, a hero; perwira, heroic. wizurai, Port. viceroy. wong, (Sundanese) a man; = orang; wayang wong, a 'play with living actors (in Java)., wujud, = ujud. Y ya, yes; that is so; = ia. yaani, Ar. that is to say; i.e. yad, Ar. hand. Yahudi, = Jaudi. yai, Jav. younger brother or sister; = aidiida. Yajuj, Ar. the giant Gog. yakin, Ar. certain, positive, definite. yakut, Ar. a jacinth. yam tuan, sovereign; = yang-dipertuan. yang, 1. divinity, god-head; semlbah - yang, worship; kyangan, the abode of the old divinities; paradise; fairy-land; sang-yang, holy god-a title given to the major divinities only; yang - yang god of gods; a similar title. II. an expression having the force of a relative bringing the word or'clause following it into relation with that which precedes, e.g., masa yang baik, a fortunate time, a lucky moment. III. a title of little dis Unction; an abbreviation of dayang. yangyang, see yang. yani, - ycani. yarkan, Ar. jaundice. ^ yatim, Ar. orphaned, desolate, fatherless; anak y., a fatherless. child. yaum, Ar. day; yaumu'l-kiamat, the (lay of judgment. yogia, sa-yogia-nya, as is fitting; properly; appropriately; next. yoyana, sa-yojana = saujana, q.v. yong, driving domestic animals or poultry into a pen, house, or confined area of any sort. yu, a generic name for sharks, (log-fishes and rays resembling sharks; y. bengkong, the hamner-headed shark; y. gila (Chyloscillium indicum); y. laras (Miustelus manazo); y. rimau (Galeocerdo rayneri); y. sambaran, the ground shark. Yunan, Ionia, Greece. Yup, a designation, - Kulup. yuta, = juta. 1 281 ]

ZABAD ZULIKHA z zabad, Ar. civet. Cf. jebat. Zabaniah, Ar. chief of the fiends of hell. zabib, Ar. raisins, dried fruit. Zabur, Ar. the psalms of David. zadah, Pers. sprung from, son of; haram z., ill - begotten, illegitimlate; halal-z., legitimate. zahid, Ar. a hermit, an ascetic. zaitun, = zetun. zakar, Ar. the niale organ of generation; also dzakar. zakat, Ar. a tithe paid by Moslems; bUri z. and berzakat, to pay the tithe. zakiah, Ar. pure, honest, upright, of the heart ([uad), in epistolary language. zaman, Ar. long period of time, age; also zenman. zamin, Pers: a country, land. zamrud, Ar. emerald. Zamzam, Ar. the Zenmzemo well at Mecca. Zanggi, 1. Pers. Zanzibari; African; pauh z., the tree believed to grow at the "heart of the seas"; buah pauh Z., the double coconut. II. Pers. war'like. zeman, = zanian. zetun, Ar. buah zetuni, the olive. ziarat, Ar. a pilgrimage to a tomb or shrine. zina, Ar. illicit intercourse; berzina, to commit fornication or adultery. zirafah, Pers. a fabulous monster. zirah, Pers. baju zirah, a coat of mail. zu, Ar. possessed of; endowed with; zu'l-karnain, the possessor of two horns; also dzu. Zuhal, Ar. the planet Saturn. Zuhrah, the planet Venus. Zulikha, Ar. the traditional name of Potiphar's wife.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE 4 1. _ j, v T 2-, 7 19o A i7.w OCT 2 7 1987 x, " *..1

UNIVER3STY OF M(CHIGAN 3 9015 00844 8600

011' PI 4414 V 44