Middle English Dictionary Entry
wrīting(e ger.
Entry Info
Forms | wrīting(e ger. Also wricting, wrigting, (early) writunge & (error) wrttyng; pl. writing(e)s, etc. & writingges. |
Etymology | From OE writing & ME wrīten v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. writ n.
1.
(a) The action or process of inscribing, forming, or otherwise recording characters, words, sentences, etc.; the craft of writing; also, one’s own handwriting, spelling, syntactic habits, etc.;
(b) inscribed, engraved, written, or otherwise depicted characters, words, sentences, etc.;
(c) in cpds. and combs.: ~ bord; ~ box; ~ chaiere; ~ papire; ~ penne; ~ scole; ~ table.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)339/11 : Som…membres restiþ and som…trauaileþ…as in sewinge and writinge.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1794 : Ther is…gret diversite In Englissh and in writyng of oure tonge, So prey I God that non myswrite the.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)46b/a : Ortographia: ryȝt wrytynge.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)272 : Þese diuerse maneris of writyng ben to be considerid in þis concordaunce, ffor per chaunse, aftir my manere of writyng, sum word stondiþ in sum place, which same word, aftir þi maner of writyng, shulde stonde in anoþir place…it is not hard if he take keep wiþ good avisement in his owne writyng to sette suche wordis in such an ordre as his owne conseit acordiþ.
- (c1443) Paston (EETS)1.218,219 : I pray yow…wochesaf to sende me a letter as hastely as ȝe may, yf wrytyn be non dysesse to yow…for I sopose þe wrytyng was non esse to yow.
- a1450(c1405) Purvey Determ.(Trin-C B.14.50)177/241 : Þei schulde vnderstande þat gramaticaliche is not ellis but abite of riȝt spekyng and riȝt pronounsyng & riȝt writynge.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)278/3,4 : Johun enformyd hym in wrytyng, & in endyȝtyng, in letture, & oþer kunnyng of clergye…his voys, his wrytynge, his endyȝtyng…was lych þe voys, lyche þe hand, lyche þe endytyng, of Johun his mayster.
- (1456) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 93361 : I John Swanne…have putte me seruante unto William Osbarne forto serue him undir the foorme of a seruante…and the seide William Osbarne forto enfoorme the seide John Swann in the kunnyng of writyng.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)178/6 : Loke what scyens ȝe kan devyse, of redynge, wrytynge, and trewe ortografye.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1822 : These foure seruyd that Science liberall In wrytyng, pronowsing, and construyng Of letter, sillable.
- a1484 Treat.7 Lib.Arts (Trin-C R.14.52)1039/55 : Ortographie informyth in rect and congrue writynge.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)106/31 : Enterpreteyson of wordes ys so as þe esprit of word, and þe endytynge ys þe body, and þe writynge ys þe clethynge of wordys.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)188 : Yiff pennys & writyng wer a-way, Off remembraunce we had lost the kay.
b
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9294 : A fende…so moche sorow hadde, As hys wrytyng was alle to-fade.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9406 : A ful wys prophete…Danyel…shal vndo þe wrytyng wel.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16812 : Þe kyng asked what reward mardocheus had here fore; þe clerke saw noyȝt declared be word ne wryttyng þore.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)94/85 : This wryting was aleggid bi þe devill.
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)928/19 : A writynge penne hatte calamus scripturalis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)534 : Wrytynge borde: Pluteum.
- (a1451) Will York in Sur.Soc.4598 : j par wrytyng-tables.
- (1456) Let.in EMS 7226 : I haue ben at þe wrytyng scole and þis letty[r] ys of myne owne wrytyng.
- (1474) Paston (EETS)1.592 : I prey yow that Pytt may trusse in a male…my tawny gowne…and my wryghtyng box of sypresse.
- (1477) Invent.Staney in Chet.n.s.33 : Half a Reem wrytyng paper, price xx d.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)425 : Wrytynge chare: epicaustorium.
2.
(a) The process of copying out a text or document; the making of a ledger, deed, etc.; also, an act of writing out an account; ~ werk;
(b) documentation; a written record, document; recorde of ~; right ~, a true record;
(c) an inscription, a legend, etc.; also, a signature.
Associated quotations
a
- (1428-9) Rec.St.Mary at Hill71 : Also payd for wrttyng [read: writtyng] of þe parcell, xx d.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15154 : iij lod of corn to Jowbell…qwych he kepyth in partie of payment for wrytyng werke.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)36/27 : Ne he wold latyn hys clerkys takyn anythyng for wrytyn ne for seelyng of þe lettyr.
- (1448) *Mun.B.Bridgewater17 : To the Clerke for Wrytynge of this acompte, ij s. iiij d.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1024 : What man þat xxti iij yeere and more In wryting hath continued…it smerth hym ful sore In euere veyne and place of his body.
- (1469) Paston (EETS)2.392 : For wrytyng of the Coronacion, and othir tretys of knyghthode, in that quaire which conteyneth a xiij levis and more, ij d. a lef.
- (1474) Acc.St.John Peterb.in Antiq.51414 : Payd for wrytyng of certen thyngs for iij yers of yis boke, xvj d.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)53 : Wherefore this seyd clerke taketh a yerely reward…remembered alwey that he take nothing elles for his writinges.
- (1476-7) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 45 : The Wardence have paid for stoff and writtyng of the new legent which is xlvi queyres.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4861-3 : Þe moost trauaile þat is…is writing of alle þat be, For he þat writeþ may not see Þe while he is aboute writing, Ne here to speke…Ne þenke, ne listene, ne noght ellis do.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)17 : What rewarde the same master shulde haue for writynge of your songe.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Col.2.14 : He quykenyde to gidere ȝou with hym…doynge awey that wryting of decree or dom that was aȝens you.
- c1400 PPl.B (Trin-C B.15.17)19.462 : I holde it riȝt…of my Reue to take Al þat myn Auditour or…Styward Counseilleþ me bi hir acounte and my clerkes writynge.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)47 : My will…is declared in þis forsaid writynge.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1200 : He chosen was…Of alle Arge to be crowned kyng, Chief of alle Grece by record of wryting.
- (1425) RParl.4.268b : My said Lord Erle Mareschall…come into yis high Court, yeving in a Peedegree in writyng, provyng my said Lord Erle Mareschall commyng lynealy of Blod Riall.
- (?1440) Paston (Gairdner) ()2.50 : My wrytynges that makyth mencion of that delyveraunce of the said Mautbye be not in my warde.
- c1450 *Assem.Bk.1 Gild St.Geo.Norwich (Nrw-CMus) : ij be aldirmen…chosen for to se a rekenyng…of all the possessions and mevables godes apperteynyng to the seid Gyld and to make a wrytyng of the astate therof.
- (1451-2) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.17 : Paied for makyng writing and engrosyng vp of þis accompt, xij d.
- (c1453) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35320 : We…pray you that, after youre grete sadnes and avised discrecion, wold make this oure writyng and testimony be publyshed ther.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.68/13 : To [no] man vtturly be hit lawfull this writyng of our confirmacion to breke.
- (1462) Paston (EETS)1.107 : A remembrauns of the goodes that somtyme were Ser John Fastolffes, mad be John Paston aftir such examinacions and writyngges as he can fynd.
- (1467) Paston2.567 : He sawe a wrictyng of a dede of yefte.
- (?1474-5) Paston (EETS)1.174 : Thei schall, by theire wrygtyng…make notyse and yeve knowleche of thes seid graunte, bargeyne, and sale.
- (?1474-5) Paston (EETS)1.175 : Cause to be delyuered to the seid William Paston all maner of chartours…monymentes…and wryghtynges concernyng…the seid maneres.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)144/28 : They maade bytwene them A wrytyng in the maner of A charter.
- c1475 Lydg.KEng.(1) (Rwl C.48)55 : Buried att Westmenstre, bi record of writyng, Day of seynt Edmund.
- c1475 3 Consid.(UC 85)185 : Soo seith the right writynge of the lawe Civile, and therto directly accordeth the lawe naturell and also lawe dyvine.
- a1600(a1463) Fortescue Title York (Jul F.6)500 : Erle Edmunde…endented with the sayde Kinge to be his soldier…callinge the same Kinge in that wrightinge his soverayne.
- -?-(1467-8) Will in Som.RS 16200 : Ye wull dispose…as ye thinke is best…thoo thinges which is in my wille that henry hake wull delyur unto you with other writinges, and that ye wull tenderly to see those writinges.
- -?-(1474) Ordin.Househ.Pr.Edw.33* : Alsoe that every man at tyme of Easter bringe suffycient wrytinge or wytnesse where he was shryven.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.32.16 : Moyses is tornd aȝeyn fro þe hyll beryng in honde two tablis…þe wrytyng forsoþ of god was grauen in þe tablys.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.99 : Scipio deyde, and ordeyned suche a writynge on his tombe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.149 : His epithphy—þat is, writynge on his grave—helde þese two vers.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7029 : Aboute þe ȝate wrytyn was Þat Troyle behelde a long space, And ofte he redde þat wrytyng.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mark 12.16 : ‘Brynge ȝe to me a peny that Y se.’ And thei brouȝten to hym. And he seide to hem, ‘Whos is this ymage and the writyng [WB(1): in wrytinge]?’
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)88/32 : Þogh þey were departid fro her wardeyn or fro here warde, ȝit miȝte þei be writinge on here baner turne aȝen into hir warde and to her baner.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)530/36 : Into witnesse they put to theire seales, euerych to others writyng.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.350 : Hyr angyl…leyde a ston of marbil upon hyr graue with a wrytynge of gret confort to alle þe contre.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)108/385a : Cirographus: a wrytyng apon, id est tombe.
3.
(a) The act of composing a written text; the authorial process; also, rhetorical style;
(b) a body of poetry, narrative, etc. in written form; written material; also, the work of a particular writer; also, a text;
(c) an authoritative text being discussed, analyzed, or quoted, esp. Holy Scripture.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.4 : His writyng is on þis manere: on þe first he setteþ a litel prolouge.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.326 : Ther to he koude endite and make a thyng, Ther koude no wight pynchen at his writyng.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)47/3 : Whanne þei hadden spoken her voices, I was to writynge [Vulg. 10.4: scripturus eram].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1976 : In writinge forþe I wil procede.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)57 : Canterbury talys…Echon ywrite…By hym þat was…Floure of Poetes…keping in substaunce The sentence hool…Be crafty writinge of his sawes.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)4/30 : Alle þe intencioun of þe writynge of þe anothomye is be cause of mannes bodie.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)231/10 : Men of holy chirch…schuld…ȝyue hom…to wrytyng and to contemplacyon.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)144/34 : By wrytynge of bokis…thyngis that Passyd byth men may cun ayeyne.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)60 : Thogh that I write in playn & homely wise, No good man shulde suche writyng despyce.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)8 : They ar more bolde to catche at a mannes saynge, or at hys wrytynge, then wolde many wyse clerkes that be.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)43/18 : Of silence & of speche nis bute a lare, & for þi, i writunge, ha eorneð ba to gederes.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.38 : Þe writyng wiþinne bitokneþ þe olde lawȝe þat techeþ derklich wiþ figures; By þe writyng wiþoute is bitokned þe godspell þat techeþ openlich.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.2.1 : It is founden in dyscryuyngis, or wrytyngis, of Jeremye, the prophete.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.13 : Enemyes…cleped hym [Horace] a gaderere of old wrytynges.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.8 : The Stile of my writinges Fro this day forth I thenke change.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2924 : I thenke in my wrytinges To telle a tale…Which fell be olde daies gon.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)813/29 : It is worthi to trowe sawes and writynges of poetes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.359 : Dauid Whitnesseþ in hus wrytynge what is lyeres mede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4262 : My maister Galfride, as for chefe poete…in oure langage…for my part I wil neuer fyne…hym to magnifie In my writynge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.89-90 : Thilke wrytynges profiten litel, the whiche writynges long and dirk eelde doth awey, bothe hem and ek hir auctours!
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)3a/a : To sich a man forsoþ I haue trust oure wordes for to be comen hugely profitable; To oþer forsoþ þis conscripsioun, i. writing, shal be made so superflue as if he taled to an asse.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)192 : Alle men…in her ȝongthe schulden leerne forto rede writingis in the langage in which thei schulden lyue.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)253/14 : Where is suche accepte auctorite…as…Gregore Nazanzene, whos doctrine and writynge was suche þat þer was neuer man aȝeyn-seid hym.
- c1450 GEpist.(1) (Add 37790)125/67 : When ye haue leysere, take this schorte wrytynge and remembre all thyngis þer in.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)370/8 : Beware that…he make no writinges ne enquere tidinges.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)101/2 : It ys founden yn þe wrytinges of Persyens, þat oon of her kynges askyd conseyll of his vpberers.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)29/15 : He visited euery konnyng man…that medled with wrytyng of philosophers in ferre contrees about.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)8 : I submyt me and all oure wrytynges and other werkes to the correccyon of oure mother holy chyrche.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)13/12 : Uor to uoluelle þe writinges [he] aros uram dyaþe to liue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)71/21 : Zuyche byeþ þo zonges of helle, ase þe writinge ous telþ, ous uor to ssewy.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4671 : Seynt Ysodre seyþ yn hys wrytyng, ‘Alle þo þat delyte to se swyche þyng…Ȝyt haue þey gylt.’
- a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)51/11 : Vnderstonde that by the writyng it is not comaunded the that thou make him be stylle.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)159/238 : As wese wrytyng bere it record, gold is þe rycheste metall.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)156/18 : I remitte into þe writing and witnessing of seynt Austyn.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2248 : Aristotille bi his writynge In his boke of secretis seyth…How that al perfeccion is in quinario.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)20 : Though the Euangelystes wrote the gospelles…yet other doctoures came after that…dyscussed and expounded theyr wrytynge moche more playnely and openly.
4.
The act of sending a letter; also, a letter, message, communiqué, etc.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.5.7 : The kyng cried strongly…And…saith to the wijs men of Babiloyne, ‘Who euere shal reede this wrytyng…shal be clothid with purpre.’
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2104 : By writyng to and fro And pryuee signes wiste he what she mente.
- (1425) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.11 : To alle trewe men in god, to wham þese wrytyng schall come, Richard ynge, john Rogger, and Thomas Eyr of Draughton, senduth gretyng in owre lord god.
- (1450) RParl.5.178b : Townes, Castelles, Forteresses, and Possessions in youre seid Reame of Fraunce…by cause of his fals messages, sendynges, and writynges, have be taken, byreft, and goten fro you.
- c1450 Doc.Durham in Bull.IHR 34 (Dur-C C.4.25)199 : My lege lord lyk hyt…to remenbir yow…of þe hye grace that ȝhe me behyght Wherfor I stod of fre liberte of my comying for trest apon Wrytyng betwen yow and me.
- (1451) Paston2.71 : The shereffe…hath writyng from the Kyng that he shall make such a panell to aquyte the Lord Moleynes.
- (1456) Paston2.141 : My writyngges put yow…to gret labour.
- (1457) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.485 : Sith our said writing we vnderstande…that summe personnes…laboure the contrarie of my said lordes entent.
- (1463) Paston (EETS)1.284 : Ye mervaylyd I sent you no wrytyngs of suche letters as ye sent me.
- (1463) Paston (EETS)1.284 : Ser Robert…shuyd me a letter…frome þe Kyng…desyryng…þat he shuld a-wayt vpon hys…broder þe Duk…at Norwich…he told me þat euery jentylman…of any repetacion hathe writyng frome þe Kyng in lyke wysse as he had.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)22/2 : And aft[i]r the haste of the lettirs they gaff hem thys answere that they wolde fulfille thy desire of kyng Arthurs wrytynge.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)260/8 : Sende us woorde by writinge that thou seemyst best…to doo.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)79/15 : Rede thair pistles or wrytyng, and write to them your privetes and tydynges.
5.
Written form; in (bi, with) ~; maken of ~, to put (sth.) into written form.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1186 : Þere he teld of mani a þing þat Blasi made of writeing.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)150a/a : A canker haþ his owne stenche, þe whiche maie not be discriued wiþ writynge.
- (1433) RParl.4.432a : The whiche Requestes, I folewyng my said Protestation have putte in writyng, swych as swith.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2677 : As the poete bi wrytyng techith vs, Off Mynotaurus thus the name began.
- (c1452) Complaint Scrope in Scrope Castle Combe282 : As to the remanent of that answere, I can, be the seyde licence, replie therto better be mouth than be wryting.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)9 : He renounsed his legeance, and by wordes and by writyng he defied hem.
- (1458-9) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.57 : Put in writing articularly the maner of vsage of the saide matiers for perpetual remembraunce thereof.
- (?c1460) Paston2.218 : If ye wol that I labore to bryng this aboute, that it plese you to send me word in writyng be the berer herof for that.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2126 : He haddes [o]f knyghtes vj thowsand, And in nowmber…In euery warde was poynted afore hand, And by writeng.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16197 : My will…is in writyng in the kepyng of thabbat of Glastenbury.
6.
The time of writing;—used in idiomatic phrases; after this ~, at (the) ~ of this.
Associated quotations
- (1421) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10) ()10.131 : At the Writinge of this, hit stod in good Plit.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1369 : At wrytyng of this lettre I was on-lyve.
- (1439) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.18 : At ye fest of whysondey next cumyng after yis wrytyng, and at ye fest of sent-marten next foloying ahalpeny, [etc.].
- (1439) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.18 : The seyd jon and margere and Richard are acorded at ye wrytyng of ye indenture.