Middle English Dictionary Entry
sufficient adj.
Entry Info
Forms | sufficient adj. Also sufficiente, suficient, sufficia(u)nt(e, sufficea(u)nt, suffeceant, suffisient, soufficeant, soficiant, (N) sufficiand & (?errors) sufient, sufficiaun; pl. sufficientes, sufficiauntz, sufficeantz. |
Etymology | L sufficiens, -ientis & OF soficïent, sufficient, sufficiant, AF sufficeant, sufficiaunt, suffisient. For form sufient cp. OF sofïant, ppl. of sofïer; for form sufficiaun cp. OProv. sufficien. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. suffisaunt adj.
1.
(a) Adequate for a purpose, enough, sufficient; of adequate number, size, strength, etc. for a certain purpose; also, appropriate [quots. 1st & ?c1425]; (b) ~ to, adequate for (sb. or sth.); adequate in size, amount, etc. for the needs of (sb., an animal); also, adequate in amount (to sb.) for (a purpose) [quot. 1423]; (c) ~ for, adequate in size, amount, etc. for (sb., an animal, sth.); also, adequate in quantity for (a specific period of time); ~ inough for; (d) with inf.: adequate (to accomplish sth., to sb. to do sth., etc.); of a size, number, force, etc. (to do sth.); also, with clause [quots. c1475(1392) & a1500(c1410)]; ~ inough.
Associated quotations
a
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Elsm)B.2222 : Al be it so that alle tariyng be anoyful, algates it is nat to repreue..whan it is sufficeant and resonable.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mch.(Cmb Dd.4.24)E.2266 : I shal ȝeuen hire sufficeaunt [vr. sufficiaun] answere.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.28 : Thilke resouns..ne be nat speedful inow ne sufficient.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)78a/a : If þe wonde of þe wombe be not sufficient, be it larged & with þe propre instrumentz.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)133/25 : Sich loue is not sufficient ne durable but raþir..ceesseþ and oftetymes faileþ.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)388/32 : Þe sufficiant tyme..of the vse [*Ch.(1): Tyme..of sufficient vse] of tho flesches is til þat þay bygynne to renne into a sekenesse þat is called scothomia.
- c1430 Chaucer CT.Mel.(Cmb Gg.4.27)B.2217 : We conseyle That in thyn hous thu sette suffyciaunt garnysoun.
- (a1432) Let.in Burton Hemingbrough383 : Ye qwilk is..of connyng sufficiante in redyng and sigynge of plane sange.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)307 : If he renounce wolde his errour clene..sufficiant lyflode eek scholde he haue.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)364 : Þes þre statis ben..sufficient in goddis chirche.
- (1461) Indent.Neuille in Chet.9869 : Ye said Earl shall call upon hym or geue hym warnyng sufficiant, horsed, harnesed, arrayed, and accompanyed as ye cas shall Requir.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)39a/b : Kynde haþ addid to it cruddide blood to complesement of sufficient quantite.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)113/37 : Y stable to þe reules of þis science of Phisonomy & constituciouns suffyceantz abbreggyd.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)50 : Hit wer sufficiant if that we wold graunt him v knyghtes.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)124 : He that wold haue his entent..must haue riches sufficient.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2610 : Remembre..How be it my bodye be ligth & lustye..& ye shall fynde Age sufficient with-in my mynde.
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)76/251 : Mynistris of þe chirche..noȝt holdynge hem apaied wiþ swyche wagis þat were sufficiaunt to hem..wiþholdiþ to hemselue..þe liflode of pore men.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141b/b : But whanne þe pray þat is I-take is nouȝt sufficient to hire self, þanne..sche takeþ þe bridde þat is next to hire.
- (1423) Proc.Privy C.3.95 : Wee consideringe ye saide some and assignement nought suffeceant yow to ye hastif..paiement of youre saide wages..graunte..yat thanne y'assignement for youre said paiement shall bee notablely enlargissed.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.85 : Cristis obedience kept clene were sufficient to alle men here on lyf.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)35 : If þis kunnyng be not sufficient to þee as forto be a good cristen man..what kunnyng schal be þerto sufficient to þee þanne?
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)156 : Þis nombre of leuys is i-nowe and sufficient to fatte and strong.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)136/9 : The þrid degre of sobirnes is so forto tame glotonye..þat a man mow hold him apayed with right scarce livelod such as only is sufficiaunt to þe necessite of kynde and not to þe lust.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.423 : Whiche hilles..be sufficiaunte in pastures to alle the bestes in Wales.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)111b/a : If þou seest þat þis medicyne is not sufficient to alle festris, þanne þou schalt worchen wiþ þis precious oynement.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)151/4 : This answer was not sufficiant to the intent of Anthiochus.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)167/9 : Þise sygnys be syffycyent to hym þat holdyth wele in hys mende þe doctrine of þat boke.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)34/14 : Y wolle sowe bothe trust and lernyng, that it may be..charite superfluant and science sufficiant to thy gouernaile.
c
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mil.(Cmb Dd.4.24)A.3551 : We moun..haue þere-Inne vetaille sufficient But for o day.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)346 : Noumbre of preestis brouȝt in bi Crist was sufficient for Cristis hous.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)338/9 : Þe malice and bisynesse of þe day is sufficient inouȝ for hymsilf.
- (1446) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1339 : The same Geffrey shal haue othre housyng sufficeant as wel for stables and hayhouses as for other of his beestis.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)11/5 : If a mane brynge wt hyme mete sufficient for vii dayes..he shalle be there but oone day.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)120 : That the kynge be alway riche..may not be with owt he haue revenues sufficiant for the yerely mayntenance of his estate.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)217 : Water issued out at the largest, sufficient for man and beeste.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2750 : Trust not that ij suche servantis or three May sufficient for youre werke be.
- a1600(1408-17) Rec.St.Mary at Hillp.xcvi : Also lynnen clothe suffycyent for Aprons for his mynysters.
d
- c1400 Wycl.Blasph.(Bod 647)413 : Þo gospel is ful of dedes of Crist and sufficyent in treuthe to governe Cristis Churche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1054 : Þe peyne of Yxyoun in helle Or of Manes..Were nat egal nor equipolent To venge mordre, nor sufficient.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)368/5711 : Oþer 3 dayes or 4 dayes are sufficiand to hyt for to cach & delyvyre out awey þe mater.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)98b/a : Ȝif þer be..mo woundes þen one of þe whiche þer is none sufficient forto clense þe quiture, þat wounde þat þe quiture declines moste to moste ben enlarged, & þat allone sufficeþ.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)78/8 : A Lord, was it nott sufficient to þee to be incarnate, but ȝit mooreouer þou woldist suffre þe deeþ?
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)194/28 : Sche woot wel þat dreede is not sufficient inouȝ for to graunte hir þe blisse of heuene.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)24 : The first trans-foormynge is not sufficient for to rule and gouerne þe affeccioun of mannys herte.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1880 : He hath fyve Shippis..The wich been sufficiant..to execute þe lawe.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5501 : She..Made yt gret with-oute mesure To yive al folkys ther pasture, Suffycyent to feden al.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)102b/a : Knowe it wel þat þi medicyn is not a sufficient exsictatif after þe complexioun of þat body axiþ.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)114/12 : To speke generally of all vertues, theis that I haue shewed her befor be sufficiant inowe to eschewe prolixite.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)160/2 : It wer suffycyent to a man to vse þat medycine alone ayens alle sekenes.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.187 : Þey schuldyn ȝeuyn to her parych prestis on sufficient salarye wherby þey mon lyuyn.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)23/31 : Þou shalt finde tyme sufficient & covenable for to haue swete meditacions.
- c1500 Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Trin-C R.3.19)67 : Allas that I ne had englyssh ryme or prose Sufficient thys flour to preyse aryght.
2.
(a) Law Satisfying legal requirements; legally com-pelling; also in fig. context [quot. c1450]; (b) theol. sat-isfying divine requirement; sufficient for salvation.
Associated quotations
a
- (1322) Statutes Realm1.188 : The same..he hed..reconciled fully unto his Allegiance..as they..were in before the said Award made against them..for Causes reasonable, lawful, and sufficient.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.71 : Ye skyuens..shul fyndeen ij sufficiauntz borwes to brynge ye catelle..by-forn ye alderman and ye gylde bretheren.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.243 : He shal han Custaunce in mariage, And certeyn gold I noot what quantitee, And heer to founden sufficient seuretee; This same acord was sworn on either syde.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 218 : Eny dette þt eny man kan axe me by true title or sufficiant euydences, þt it be payed.
- (1426) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.4249 : Þe seide lorde shall yeve and graunte by his seuerall dedes sufficeantz to þe seide John and Anne in demene, reuersion, possession, and seruice þe Maner of Radon..with waranties sufficeantz.
- (a1445) Paston2.519 : He xuld fyndun hym..a soficiant sewerte.
- (1446) Proc.Privy C.6.48 : The said persones temperell in easing him..undre soufficeant assignement..of such sommes, [etc.].
- (1448) Doc.in Sundby Dial.Wor.(Eg Charter 608)255 : They wythe Inne a monethe after the seid marage solempnifiet..shul lett hit by hure dede endentet sufient [?read: suficient] in lawe vn to the seit Thomas Corbet.
- (1448) Doc.in Sundby Dial.Wor.(Eg Charter 608)256 : Jahne in hure pure weduhod shal relese, by hure dede suficient to be maid in lawe..alle hure right and titel that she hathe in the Foreseid londes.
- (a1450) Doc.in Scrope Castle Combe258 : Item, that ye..may entrete John Gawter..makyng none excuse ne none allouance of petition wethout suffisient wrytyng or recorde.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.408 : Who-so come forby, be sufficient euydens Shal knowe ful weel þat she was a queen Whos ymage stant there.
- (1466) Indent.in Scrope Castle Combe285 : He..shall make or do to be made of the manor of Oxenden..a sure and sufficient estate in the lawe, [etc.].
- (?1474-5) Paston (EETS)1.174 : Thei schall, by theire wrygtyng suffycient or othere-wyse, make notyse and yeve knowleche of thes seid graunte, bargeyne, and sale to all the seid now feffes.
- a1525(?1424) Cov.Leet Bk.85 : Þat the said duke shuld haue c marke of lone vndur sufficiant suertie.
b
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1096 : My fyve wyttys, þat neuer dyde trespas, Hathe made asythe to þe Father suffycyent.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.66 : Þer is perfeccioun lesse and perfeccioun more: The ferste is nedeful and sufficient.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)28 : The seid byleue was not sufficient for my saluacyon, but if my warkis had byn according to the same, and herwith accordith holy scripture..'fides sine operibus mortua est.'
- a1500 Craft Dying (Rwl C.894)409 : Verry contricion of herte with-in, with wyll to be schreven if tyme sufficed, is sufficient & acceptable to god for to haue hym with hym euerlastyngly.
3.
(a) Of a person: reliable, properly qualified, able; also, having legal capacity, competent [2nd quot.]; as noun: those who are capable; (b) with inf.: able or competent (to do sth.); also, of a person: healthy or strong enough (to do sth.) [quot. a1400]; (c) with preps.: ~ for, deserving of (sth.); ~ in, proficient in (sth.); ~ of, able in or of (body, might), superior in; also, wealthy in (property); possessing enough of (goods to do sth.); ~ to, qualified for (sth.), capable of; (d) of good quality; also, sturdy, well-constructed.
Associated quotations
a
- (1413-19) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.227/58 : John Taillour, Richard Colcok, and John Clerc..were most sufficeaunt and olde tenantz of the foresaide lordship.
- (1423) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.136/184 : We presente Rogere Mannynge..praynge ȝow..that ȝe wolde vouchesafe sende for hym, and resceyue it of hym and put it into the chaumbre, for he is not sufficient.
- (1433) RParl.4.476a : The seid xxv persons to procede to eleccion of 11 Baillifs..of the most truest, endifferentes, and sufficientes Burgeys of the seid Town.
- (1433) RParl.4.476a : Yff the seid xxv persones chese..Bailliffs not sufficient in the fourme above seid, that..the seid xxv persones chese..other sufficient and able Burgeys.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)16/11 : The kinge of Inglonde sent ouer into Denmark sertaine knightes and ladies, of the most sufficiaunt of his reaume.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.73/12 : I wol that..ther be a sufficient persone ordeyned..to receyve all the Issuez and profutes.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.386 : Yf eny..lakke or dissease, that ther be then another chosen of the moste sadde and sufficiant of the comyns wtyn the cite.
- (1474) RParl.6.116b : That your severall Commyssions be sent into every Shire..directe to..indifferent, sufficient, and welledisposed persones.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)66 : Item, That every sergeaunt..nothyr to..geve any servaunt occasion to furett or hunt any mannys warreynes..withoute leve of the owner or of hys deputie suffycyaunt.
- a1525(?1424) Cov.Leet Bk.85 : Þer shuld be in euery warde one or ij sufficiante men to ouerse the Collectours.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.333 : The kyng his soonne..to Melayn hym sent With..squyers freshe, galaunt, and sufficient.
- -?-(1474) Ordin.Househ.Pr.Edw.30* : That there be contynually in our sayde sonnes houshould a phisycion and a surgeon, sufficiente and cuninge.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.3.5 : Not that we ben sufficient for to thenke ony thing of vs as of vs, but oure sufficience is of God.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)64/59 : Euery vnresonable beest, ȝif he haue þat þat kynde haþ ordeyned for hym as kynde haþ ordeyned it, he is sufficiaunt to lyue by hymself wiþouten eny oþer of þe same kynde.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)72/19 : Summen..ben feblid þat blood & mater in her bodies may nouȝt be restorid, which were sufficient to hele with her woundis, but þei ben so feble þat þei dien.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Cl.(Cmb Dd.4.24)E.960 : I haue no womman sufficient..The chaumbres to araye.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)7/17 : Ȝif hit [body] be an instrument sufficient to serue þe souȝle, it is strong jnow, for þer to was it ordeined.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)156a/a : A man moste minister to þe pacient good metes wiþ good wyne þat nature mowe be sufficyent to engender fleische.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)269/29 : Thi tonge is not sufficient to telle þe vertues of hem.
- c1430 Chaucer LGW (Cmb Gg.4.27)2524 : Ȝe be nat sufficiaunt to bere the peyne.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)207/26 : I knowe my-selfe vnabull and not sufficiente for to do þis dede.
- a1500 O blessed mary (Lamb 306)19 : My townge is not suffycient Thy clerenes to comprehende.
- a1500 Rolle Mend.L.(Wor F.172)51 : I am nat sufficient in my corruptible flessh to tel nother sey so greate swetnesse of thi mageste.
- c1525 Rule & T.St.Francis(2) (Fst D.4)74 : The ministers shall not give lycence to none of the bretherne too goo but to suche as they think..to be sadde and hable and sufficyent to be sent.
c
- c1430 Chaucer LGW (Cmb Gg.4.27)1067 : She..saw..that he was lyk a knyght And sufficiaunt of persone & of mygh[t] And lyk to been a verray gentil man.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)43 : Þe forseide mynyster is not sufficient to þe seruyce & comune profite of freris.
- (1436) RParl.4.501b : The more sufficient that men be of liflode, of Londes and Tenements, ye more unlikly they are..to be treted or moeved to perjurie.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)295/31 : The thryd braunche is presumpcion, þat men callen when a man mys-takes hym thorough..eny dedes for to doo or partyes to holde the qwych he may not performe nor is not sufficiaunt þerto, as to wene þat he kan more then he kan.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)295/32 : Þe synne of dede arn þise: drunkenesse & glotonye..to holdyn offyse þat a man is noȝt suffycyent to, [etc.].
- (c1454) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35324 : The wyche worke we be not suffycient of goodes..to fynishe and performe.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.58a : At such tyme as the said Capitaigne..fyndeth any of the seid Souldeours or Artificers..not sufficiaunt or able for the wages that he taketh..that..they to be discharged.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)50 : Chapleynes and Clerkes of the Chapell..endowed with vertuuse..as of theyre musike, shewing in descant clene voysed..eloquent in reding, sufficiaunt in organes pleyyng, and modestiall..all theese sitting togyder in the hall.
d
- (c1384) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.231/28 : And xl fote ynward, of Storyes..propossenyd of sufficient tymbre, All only of herte of oke.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : A brigg of stane..sall be mad Sufficiant and workmanly in masoncraft, acordand in substance to Barnacastell brigge.
- (1457) LRed Bk.Bristol2.184 : All men vsyng pewterere is craft..shall make all vessell..of gode, lawfull, and sufficiant metell.
- (1464) RParl.5.567b : If they by their serche fynde eny such Ware or Stuffe..that is defective or not sufficient, that it shall be lefull to theym to..hit bryng bifore the Maire of the Cite of London.
4.
(a) Self-sufficient; also, complete [last quot.]; ~ to him-self; (b) satisfied, content.
Associated quotations
a
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Pars.(Lnsd 851)I.778 : Þere as god haþ ordeigned þat a regne or a contre is sufficeant him selfe, þan is it honeste..þat of þe abundance of þis contree þat men helpe a noþere contree.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Prov.12.9 : Betere is a pore man, and sufficient to him silf, than a gloriouse man, and nedi of breed.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.40.18 : The lijf of a werk man sufficient to hym silf schal be maad swete.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)92/7 : Þou, my god..allone art hiest, þou allone most miȝty, þou allone most sufficient & most full.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Phil.4.11 : I haue lerud in whiche thingis I am, sufficient for to be.
5.
As adv.: adequately for a purpose.
Associated quotations
- a1450 Dives & P.(Dc 295)1.246 : Sufficient [Htrn: He is sufficiently contryt].
- c1455 Chaucer CT.Mel.(RwlPoet 141)B.2613 : Sufficiant [Heng: Thow..hast nat defendid thy self suffisantly agayns hir assautes & hir temptacions].