Middle English Dictionary Entry
stuffen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | stuffen v.(1) Also stuf(fe, stufe, stuffone, stoffen, stofe, (NWM) staf; p.pl. stuffed, etc. & stoftden; ppl. i)stuffed, stuffede, stuffet, stuffud, stuffut, i)stoffed. |
Etymology | OF estofer, AF estuffer to furnish, equip & AL stuffāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To furnish (a stronghold, castle, town, etc.) with military forces, provisions, armaments, etc. for defense; man (a wall); garrison (the marches); ~ with (of), equip (a stronghold, castle, town, etc.) with (men, stores, weaponry, etc.), fill (a warship) with (men, provisions, equipment), furnish (a wall, tower, gate, etc.) with (men, armaments, etc.); also fig. or in fig. context [quots. c1450 & last]; also, provide a fortified encampment with (men) [quot. 1442]; best stuffed, of a castle: best equipped with stores, weapons, etc.; (b) to reinforce (troops); also, refl. provide oneself with forces, equipment, etc.; ~ with (of), furnish (sb.) with (knights, a military force), reinforce (troops, legions, wings of an army, etc.) with (fighters, horsemen, etc.); also, refl. provide oneself with (men, food, equipment); (c) to equip (sb., a soldier), arm; stuffed in stele, equipped with armor, clad in armor; (d) to load (an animal with men, provisions, armaments, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1184 : Þe borȝ watz..stoffed wythinne wyth stout men to stalle hem þeroute.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3849 : Now stood a castel..þer be-syde, I-stuffid wel with..sowdyours.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5108 : Agamenoun..schippis brouȝt With worþi knyȝtis stuffid.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6290 : By day stuffen [F garnir] they the wall, And al the nyght they mynen there.
- c1425(?a1400) Arthur (Lngl 55)549 : He stuffed alle castells Wyþ armyre & vytells.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)92 : The women..With stones stuffed euery scaffolde.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3616 : The toppe-castells he stuffede with toyelys.
- (a1442) *War.Chanc.PRO ser.C 81 file 1367no.42 : Graunt..that thei..a balynger..with..habilmentis of werre..may ordeyne, array, vitell, and stuffe.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2187 : Your ennemies purposen to make iiij bastilles aboute the said towne of Ax and stuff theryin with iij or iiij m men of armes.
- (1449) RParl.5.147b : To shewe the..long advysed Ordenaunce..of thadverse part, the which daily fortifie and repaire, stuffe all theire Garisons..ayeinst the tenour of the Trewes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)12120 : Alle the strengthes..he let Stuffen [F garni..de viandes].
- a1450(1414) Whanne alle a kyngdom (Dgb 102)121 : Stuffe ȝoure castels in eche coost.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)36/1056 : Y haue..Send hir this shippe fulfillid of plesaunce..to stuffe with the fortres Wherin thow doth kepe..hool tresoure of my worldly gladnes.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)554/23 : Þe Kyng..hym comaundit to..stuff þe toune with Englisshemen.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)578/29 : Thai..lafte al theire goodes and þe stuff of þe Castell behynde hem, which was þe..best-stuffet place in al þoo marches.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)152/8 : Þe kyng..stuffid þe Tour with vitaile and armour.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)677/12 : He let stuff all the townys and castels.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)80/24 : Alle the wallis, the touris, gatis, and posterns were wele ordeyned and fortified, enforcid, and stuffid wiþ men of armes and habilementis for the werre defensibles, vitail, and al maner artillery.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)167/123 : They did do ordeyn..sheppis..And stoffed hem..With vitayl and good armore.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)120 : He stuffed [F fait garnir] his castelles and townes and Citees.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)174 : The beste counseile..is that we go stuffe the marches on this partye ther the saxouns comen.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)2727 : The Castel ys wyth-ynne Off men of armes stuffet welle.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)818 : Refuse hath mad..Hys castels strong, stuffyd with ordynaunce.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1223 : Iason Þouȝt he was not stuffid of meyne To gynne a werre on Troye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6601 : He..hath..a-vauntage..ȝif þat he Be stuffid strong of frendis..And of allies.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2590 : Tho lordes..ryden hom, her retenue to make..To stuffen [vr. sustene] hem and taken vp meyne And make hem stronge with knyghtes and squyers.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)439 : I was stuffed anence my myȝtes With a hundreth thousand knyghtes.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)80/3 : For but þe legiouns be euery monþe..restored and stuffed wiþ newe werriours..ellis may þe oost..sone waxe þynne and scars.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)144/10 : Loke þat þi riȝt wynge be wel ystoffed wiþ wel assaied horsmen and eke footmen.
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)168 : With many a blesenande beryn his banere es stuffede.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)37/25 : Loke thou be welle stuffid [Abbrev.Trip.: purveide] of good Archers and Arblasteres.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)89/2 : We woll make þys castell..sykur..and stuffe vs wyth men ynow.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7855 : Þai wold stuf hom full stithly, strenkyth hom agayn, With mete in þe meneqwile, & mony othir thinges.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8284 : Menelay with his men meuyt in swithe..Restorit hom stithly, stuffit hom anon.
c
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)391 : In stele was he stuffede [vr. stuffut], þat steryne was one stede.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1932 : When any stirttez to stale, stuffe þam þe bettere, Ore thei will be..stroyede.
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)142 : For here es alle þe folke of Fraunce..stuffede in stele, strokes to dele.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)17 : He disposed his domesticall men to logge..nightly within his courte for his proper gard, every man stuffed..of suche defence as he coude best deale withall.
d
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)80/17 : The Iuwes had stuffid alle thees olyvauntis, dromadories, and camellis with men, with vitaill, and al maner habilementis for the werre.
2.
(a) To provision (a city, land, place, etc.) with grain or foodstuff; ~ with, supply (an inn, a house, town, place, etc.) with (grain, food); also, stock (a tower) with (riches); ppl. stuffed, supplied with provisions, goods, etc.; also, supplied (with provisions); (b) ~ with, to furnish (sb., oneself) with (goods, provisions, etc.); also fig. [quot. a1450, 1st]; ppl. stuffed, equipped, stocked, supplied; also, supplied (with sth.); (c) to load (a ship); ~ with, load (a ship, packhorse, chariot) with (provisions, cargo, booty, etc.); (d) ppl. stuffed, fig. prosperous, wealthy; also, endowed; stuffed with, endowed with (goodness, knowledge of language).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.264 : Al the paleys put was in array..Houses of office stuffed with plentee.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7065 : So that the tour were stuffed [F amasses] well With all Richesse temporell, [etc.].
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)54a : Of whete and wyn..loke þou haue plente..þat þi castelle..be wel ystuffed herwiþ.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)56.84 : The steward..bowhte In Cornes..stuffed [F estoier] that lond.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)69/35 : His In..was stuffid with habundauns of vitaile.
- (1462) Paston (EETS)1.111 : Whech goodes the seid Ser John Fastolff neuer intended to voyde..owt of the seid plase, but to haue left it bettir stuffid.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.275 : Y schal destryyn myn elde bernys and garneris & makyn newe..& stoffyn is [?read: it; vr. hem] ful of good.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)889 : I vndirtook The translacion..And [read: At] the request..Off my fadre Abbot..Havyng in costom..Toutray slouthe..Lik an Ampte, all sesouns..To gadryn greyn & stuffyn his garneer.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)33/5 : His reame shall be wele prepared, stuffed, and arraied.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)88/6 : Have a determynat place withyn the host stuffed with vitaill.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)372 : Pissemers..rennyn faste aboute to make an hepe stuffed with whete, with the which they mow leuyn in wyntere.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)517 : Thei..yaf hem hey and otes, ffor the place was well stuffed.
- a1525(?1473) Cov.Leet Bk.387 : Hit is ordeyned..that noy vituler of this Cite destitute hereafter this Cite of wynes or other witall or stuffe vsuelly vsed by theym to stuffe this Cite.
b
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)593 : Schruded was þe kyng Leir In kynges atyre..Stuffed wyth alkyns ornamentes That partenes to kynge state.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)165b/a : Ofte tyme it bifallez þam for to wirke in placez in which Apotecariez..be noȝt so gode ne al maner stuffed [L fulciti].
- (1432) RParl.4.410a : The Merchantes strangiers been stuffed so gretely therwith yat thay comen noght to Caleys..to bye..Wolles.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1427 : A, mercy, Schryfte..For dedly synne myn herte is sore; Stuffe Mankynde wyth þyne store.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)9/23 : He muste bere..fyue instrumentis, þat is to wite scheris, pinsouris, a tastour, a rasour, a launcet & a nedle. And sich a Cirurgian þus stuffid [vr. garnisshed; L munitus] mai profitably vse þe forseid werkis in mannys body.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)49 : We, stoffid and farsid wiþ gold, folowen pore Crist.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)138/35 : Dyscrete personys..may stuffe [Lambeth: puruey; L thesauriza] þe with alle maner of greynys.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)47/4 : Whan men knowen that they shall have a cold wynter, they..stuffeth [L prouident] them with many..thynges.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)44/77 : If thou laudest and joyest any wight, for he is stuffed with suche maner richesse, thou art in that beleve begyled.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4391 : Tresour..To her schippis..þei lede, And..homward þei hem spede, With tresour stuffid & haboundance of good.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.38/10 : Certeyn marchawntis, hauyng ther Shippis stuffid with nessessaries to howseholde with hope of lucur, commyttid themself to the..vncerteyn see.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.3657 : Thei wer set..To spoile and robbe..And stuffe ther someres with outraious pillage.
- (1442) RParl.5.60a : All these saide Shippes, stuffed and arrayed, make theire first assemble.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)5/22 : He..soght a schipp and..stuffyd itt with vitell for a monethe.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)215/2040 : They dyght too hundred sheppis with ore And stoftden [vr. charged] hem with armour and cloth, Doth hem to water and..seyled ouer þe salt fome.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)821 : Somer horsys he let go before And charyettes stuffud wyth stoore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/155 : Stuf thi ship with vitayll, ffor hungre that ye perish noght.
d
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Hrl 1766)9.3311 : I, nat expert nor stuffyd with language, Seyn howh that Ynglyssh in ryme hath skarsete..To obeye your byddyng took vpon me to procede.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1730 : The Burgeys was a stuffid man, þere lakkid noon deynte.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)6378 : Thys lady..Well stuffed with all maner of goodnesse, [etc.].
3.
(a) To fill (sth., a receptacle), cram full; ~ ful (of; ~ with; (b) fig. to fill (sb. with grace, the soul with the stench of sin); refl. stuff oneself (with sin); (c) to fill (the belly with food or drink); refl. gorge oneself; ppl. stuffed, filled to repletion, sated with food; also, of the belly: loaded with food; (d) to clog (a bodily organ), stop up; ben stuffed in the hed, have a stuffy head; (e) to fill (a mattress, garment, armor, etc.) with padding, stuff; line (a helmet) with padding; ppl. stuffed, padded, stuffed; stuffed (with sth.); (f) cook. to fill (a pastry) with a filling, stuff (the cavity of a fowl or an animal) with a stuffing; ~ with; (g) fig. to make (heaven, earth) full, impregnate.
Associated quotations
a
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)304 : Ȝowre tresoure..& largesse, From other hit came & shal vn-to straungeres; He is a fole that..Wote not for hom he stuffeth his garneres.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1348 : In a caue..he made hym to be throwe, The place stuffid with wood, berkyng houndis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)481 : Stuffyd, or sylt [read: fylt; Win: fyllyd] and fulle stoppyd: Refertus, farcitus, farci natus. Stuffyn [Win: Stuffone] or fyllyn: Repleo, defercio.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3929 : Trees ther ben..That ber applys gret and faire..But ful of fals corrupcion They be stuffed by the kore.
- (a1474) Paston (EETS)2.361 : Item, ij cofforys stvffet, ij s.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.34 : Do hit in a barel..Þe barel staf ful..Stop wele þo hede.
- a1486 Sln.Bk.Hawking (Sln 3488)143 : Thi hauke hath stuffed hure mowthe with federen of the fowle.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)616 : The riche is shet with colours..To hide his careyn stuffid with fowle ordure.
b
- (?a1430) Hoccl.BV(1) (Hnt HM 111)17 : My soule is stuffid..with stynk of synne.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2985 : Thus was þis man stuffid al with grace.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)25/85 : Full low ligis he In erth hymself to stuf with syn that displeasse me.
c
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)145 : The ryche man sit stuffyd at his stable [read: table], The poore man stant hungry at the gate.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4436 : As a Mare at a moghe ȝoure mawis ȝe fill..Stuffis..ȝour stomake with stullis & of wynes.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2421 : Thai eten and dronken right I-nowe..tidyngges came to him [Sultan]..howe thai hade stuffed hem..With vitaile.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)6850 : Somme boste..Whan they..han yheete & dronke at large, Her bely stuffyd [F remply] as a barge.
d
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)271/3471 : Þat vile mater gadyrs & clumpyrs in þe ylious & stuffys & stoppys þame.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)445/1542 : Yef it sumtym entre, þat grece sa stuffys it & strangyls it þat it may not chevyn to generacion, bod swateres out þare it come in.
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)24/38 : For þi knawe wel be reson lat oni man, beste, or fowle be broght lawe and lak hote mete, scho sall be stuffid in þe hede.
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)30/139 : To knaw when þe ree begynnyth Scho wil be stuffyd strangli in þe hede.
e
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)606 : Þe helme..watz stapled stifly & stoffed wyth-inne.
- (1412) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.233 : [A] materas [of blue] bokeram stuffed [with] coton.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)40 : With many a proude pavis, Gailly paynted and stuffed wele, [etc.].
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)71 : The armures..weren grete and stuffed [F estofees] and right hevy.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)134/14 : Sume had stree hattes..and sume had hoodes stuffed with hay.
- (1459-60) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 83.7d : Henry..hath be defamed..þat he..shuld have sold, furnisshed, and stuffed for therl of Warrewick diuerse herneys & Armure.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.505a : To ordeyn..that noo Taillour make..eny..Doublet stuffed contrarie to the premissez.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)227/78 : Cadace, wolle, or flokkys..to stuffe with-al þi dobbelet.
- c1475 Ye prowd (Hrl 372)p.251 : Leve your schort stuffide dowbelettes and your pleytid gownys.
- a1486 Jousts of Peace (Mrg M 775)40 : A helme well stuffyd..A Rerebrace with a rolle of ledyr well stuffid..A Sadyll well stuffud.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)29 : J charge the put away thi dublettes stuffid with woll and bolsters, and neuer were ne use suche stuffid dublettes fro this tyme forth.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)30 : The said playn aray..was more shapply to me and bettur bycomme me then did my stuffid aray that i vsid afore tyme with bolsters.
f
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)66a : Take a fatte hen and stofe hir with þis..but better ys to grynde the erbe smale, þan stufe hir with þis erbe.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)32 : Take..hard Eyroun..choppe þer-to Clowys..Stuffe þin chekonys with-al; Also put hole gobettys & marye with ynne.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)40 : Stuffe hem as þou stuffyst a Pigge.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)41 : Capoun or gos farced..Stuffe hym & roste hym.
- a1500 Gloss Dict.Garland (Hrl 1002)127 : Flaones fartos [glossed:] flathen ystuffyd.
g
- a1450 Who þat liste loke (Stw 951)40/33 : The soule in loue desires continence..The body..Desirs a wife, to multiplie aryght..þat oon stuffeth [F fait..preignant] heuen bright, That other erthe.
4.
In phrase: ~ togeder, to draw (knights) into a tighter formation, rally; ben stuffed, of coins: be crammed (under steel bands); of fighting men: ?be beset or crowded (by others) [quot. c1440, which could also be construed as sense 1. (b)]; ppl. stuffed, of fabric: having a design or pattern crowded (with figures); of persons: crowded (around sb.).
Associated quotations
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)601 : Þe stiward of Tholomer stoffes hem to-gedere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5036 : Þei in haste with so gret a route Cam of knyȝtes stuffed hem aboute Þat þer-of was astonyd Priamus.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4132 : Thare durste non rescowe them..Þe steryn ware þare so stedde, and stuffede wit othire.
- c1450(?a1370) Winner & W.(Add 31042)252 : Stuffed are sterlynges vndere stelen bowndes.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)168 : For hys sake þe cloth was wrowght..Flowres and bryddes on ylke a syde..Wyth stones þat wer sowghte wyde, Stuffed wyth ymagerye.