Middle English Dictionary Entry
stāt n.
Entry Info
Forms | stāt n. Also state, stade, (chiefly N) stait(e, statte, (N) stete; pl. states, etc. & (K) stas. |
Etymology | From OF estat(e, AF estaat, stat(e & L status. The forms thestat(e, the stat(e & astat(e, a stat(e are ambiguous; thestat(e, astat(e, & a-stat(e have been treated under estāt n., while the stat(e & a stat(e are treated here. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. estat n., from which forms with initial s- should be deleted.
1.
(a) A moral or spiritual state or condition; ~ of dampnacioun (grace, right, etc.); ~ of penaunce (teres), a state of repentance; (b) a mental state, frame of mind; (c) the physical state or condition of air, a river, or flood waters; also, an unchanging physical state [quot.: c1450(a1425)]; (d) physical appearance, physical form; stature, build; (e) the nature or essential character of God, Christ, or the soul; (f) a state of affairs; one's circumstances or situation; ~ of scole, the fact of having a formal or university education; (g) a mode of life, manner; ~ of livinge, way of life.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)729 : Þe sinful man Noþer..ne may..ne can His owen stat riht ise, Ne knowe in what lyf he be For þisternesse.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)124/16 : Þise þri [cardinal virtues] hyeldeþ man ine guod stat auorye himzelue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.311 : He myȝte liȝtloker putte Darius out of his trone..þan Dyogenes out of þe state [L gradu] of vertue.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6180 : Þese freres cam..and asked hym of hys state.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1586-7 : Þe find wend..þat god ne might Bring man in-to state o right, In-to þe stat þat he had tint.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14026 : Sco es womman o sinful stat.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.202 : If stait of þese freris be not groundid in Crist, and þei gabben many maneres upon þe lyf of Crist, as in begginge and asoilinge..it is a tokene þat þei ben not of holy Chirche but Saþanas children whos dedis þei done.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)257/16 : For if ȝe mowe haue hem [sacraments] and wilen not, ȝe schulen dye in staat of dampnacioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)315/8 : Siche wrecchis [wicked prelates]..if þei hadden ony maner of knowleche of þer staat, þei wolden not falle into so manye wickidnessis.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)345/7 : A soule oþir it is in þe staat of deedly synne, or vnparfiȝt in grace, or ellis parfiȝt.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)364/30 : I haue prouidid for hem..for to raunsome hem out of peyne..be fastinge & praieris doon in þe staat of grace.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)84/27 : The verry repentaunt man þat was wont to be a synner..now hath..taken þe state of penaunce.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)15b : Honestum is as it were þe staat of honor.
- c1400 Interpol.Rolle Cant.(1) (Bod 288)59 : Instide of greet penaunce aftir þe staat of innocence þei han chosen lustful liif for to feede her flesch.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)880 : They þat lyue well, þey xall haue blys; Thay þat endyn yll, þey goo to hell..Se in what stat þou doyst indwell.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.214-15 : Swyche maner lesyngis ben venal synnys to hem þat ben of inperfyth stat & dedly synne to hem þat ben of perfyt stat.
b
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11029 : Þen was ely in stallworth state when he þe bote of god con here.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)701 : Þe eyr was euere in o stat, naþur to hot ne to cold.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)21/18 : Syrus..departed þe grete riuer of Eufrates..For he had..sworne..þat he schuld bring it to swilke a state [Man.(1): putte the ryuere in such poynt] þat wymmen schuld mow wade ouer and noȝt wete þaire kneesse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11236 : Full rudly þen þei rope and rare on þer mawment to mend þer mode; bot þer offerand moued neuer þe mare, bot in a state full styll it stod.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)36/443 : Aboue all hillys..the water is rysen late..bot in a highter state It may not be.
d
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)120 : Whan þe monkes geeþ to masse, Al þe fenestres þat beþ of glasse Turneþ in to cristal briȝt..Whan þe masses beþ iseiid..Þe cristal turniþ in to glasse, In state þat hit raþer wasse.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2584-6 : Þe king wiþ water þer he wesche, His owhen stat he hadde, ywis; And seþþen he wesche hem boþe to, Her owen stat þai hadden also.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.223 : Þere is no fairenesse of body, wheþer it be in state [L statu] of body as in schap of lengþe and brede oþer in meouynge.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)738 : A stalworthy man of state and steuyn.
- a1500 7 Sages(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)193/48 : Ancyllas..was bothe small and longe..aftur that Vp ryseth a maystyr of myddyll state..The þrydd maystyr was a lyttull man.
e
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)267 : Al þe clergie him þoȝte of God þo he awok he couþe Of þe pure stat of Crist & of his mageste.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)273 : Þe gretteste clerkes þat were in Oxenforde þo Ne þoȝte þat eni vrþlich man so furforþ miȝte go Ne wite so moche of Godes stat bote hit angel were.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.169 : Þat wonder þat is worþy to be i-had in mynde to make men þynke of þe soule his staat.
f
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3483 : Þan wex þe fight mare þan be-forn, Quilk o þir tua suld first be born; Strait es for to stere þe stat þar might o kind es funden mat.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2867 : Of all thi state thou shalt hym seye, And aske hym counseill how thou may Do ony thyng that may hir plese.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)428 : Ȝif dyuynite were lernd on þat maner þat apostlis diden, it shulde profite myche more þan it doiþ nou bi staat of scole, as prestis nou wiþ-oute siche staat profiten more þan men of siche staat; & contynue þey in good lif & in boundis of goddis lawe, & þis shal make þe folc more trowe þan doiþ degre takun in scole.
g
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)198 : Who so wolde besy hyme..and vmbethynke hym of this gloryus Passione..It sulde bryng hym and chaunge hyme In to a new state of lyfynge.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)21/6 : A fool is chaungeable as the mone, but a wiseman is euer stedfaste in oo state, where he neuer brekith for fere ne chaungith for no myghte; he reisith him not in prosperite ne plongeth not in heuynes.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)17/655 : Alle this peple representen þe staat of Martha.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)79/9 : When I..herde the Soudon thus speke, I hadde meche mervayle, and askede hym..how he cam to haue so mech knowelechyng of the stat of Crsten men.
2.
Condition with ref. to a norm: (a) condition or state of a person with respect to physical health, bodily strength, etc.; ~ o (of) coveringe, a state of recovery from sickness; comen to the ~ of helthe, to become healthy; coveren of ~, recover from a state of unconsciousness; kepen in (taken) the ~ of helthe, remain in (recover) good health; (b) condition or state of a person, country, religious house, etc. with respect to welfare, prosperity, economic well-being, etc.; situation, plight; in god ~; (c) condition or state of a structure, substance, etc. with respect to physical soundness or preservation.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.56b : Þe assise..is for te alloinen for te the stat of þilke tenaunt be amended.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8458 : At point of dede was hir stat.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.37 : God for hym wrouȝte meny myracles..for þere gret light com doun from hevene..and..þere alle manere sike men took þe state of helþe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)33a/b : Þise foure humours..fediþ alle bodyes þat haþ blood..& kepiþ in þe beinge & state of helþe.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Monk fr.Death (Phys-E)30 : He asked him hou he him felid, And he his stat alle til him telld.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10763 : Þe man yn gode state þey fonde lyuyng with-oute wem or wounde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14149 : Quen þai sagh þat þar was nanoþer Stat o [Göt: State of] couering o þair broþer, Consail þai tok iesum biseke, For þair broþer þat was sa seke.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)499 : Ane lazar þat was ded now late..lifes ogain in ful gude state.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)51/16 : For mare certanly & mare verraly uryn schewes & telles þe state & þe disposicion of mannis body.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)236/28 : Counceile hem to do penaunce..not to ech liche, but as þei ben able for to bere and aftir her myȝt & staat, to summe lesse and to summe myche, as þei mowe.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)89/62 : Þan schalt þou latyn him blod a-boue on his necke, & aftur þat his stat is, þou schalt latym blede.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)260/24 : Liche as a seke man of greuous sekenesses departithe not fro phisiciens in hoope to haue helthe and may not haue it, on the same wise vs must think on our soules without cesing vnto the tyme þat we may come to [DSPhilos.: vnto] þe state of helth.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)785 : At þer byrth was grett debat whedder of them suld go furth be fore, Bot esau was mor strang of state, And the fyrst sted he cane restore.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12448 : Þe prince Naman was full glad þat þe prophett heyȝt to amend his state.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1179 : Þe lord a strok hym sette..A-swogh he fell adoun..As he gan sore smerte, Vp he pullede hys herte And keuerede of hys state.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)103/17 : Whan truly the eyen ben with-out variaunce, good and certayn state it shewith.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10505 : For feblenesse of state is it Whi þat ȝonge children haue no witt.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.14 : The King fram Normandie com To Engelond, to loke the stat of his kynedom.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)93 : Þe cristindom of Enguelonde to guod stat he drovȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)586 : Þe kniȝt..is riȝte stat onder-stod; So fol he was of þat holi leome..him þouȝte þei he..neuereft more ne ete Ne scholde him neuer-eft to mete luste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8917 : He broȝte in gret stat þe toun as he ȝut is.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10080 : Þe king adde normandie in god stat ibrouȝt al.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8465 : Hir name is hote Belisent: Þou ouȝtest amende hir stat.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.20.27 : Þei offredyn to hym brente sacrifices &..vp on þeir staat þei askedyn.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.165 : Hit semeþ of þis men [the Welsh] a grete wonder þat in a boon of a wethres riȝt schuldre, whan þe flesche is aweye i-sode..þey knoweþ what haþ be do, is i-doo, and schal be doo, and, as hit were by a spirit of prophecie..þey telleþ what me doþ in fer contrayes, tokens of pees and of werre, þe staat of þe reeme, [etc.].
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.572 : Algate he wayted so in his achaat That he was ay biforn and in good staat [vrr. state; estate, astate].
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10691 : Of alle hys state, boþe wo and wele, Iumna tolde þe kyng euery deyl.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)5/53 : Speciali þe mater of þis book is þe staate of þe chirchis of Asie.
- a1456(c1428) Lydg.Mum.Eltham (Trin-C R.3.20)20 : Þe Hooly Trynytee, Your staate blessing, sent to Youre Hye Noblesse Pees with youre lieges, plentee with gladnesse.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick187a : We enioyne..yow, prioresse..that every yere..ye gyfe and shewe to your susters..a fulle accompte of all the revenues that long to your howse..so that the couent may knowe what state your howse is yn.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)101 : Hou faryth þat noble clerk..Knowest þou ouȝt hys state?
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)58 : Off accompte loke þt it be made onys in þe yere for it was firste ordeyned to wite & to knowe þe value & state off your maneris.
c
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)386 : Þe disciples..axede him [Jesus] þe stat of þe temple.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)51.40/2 : When a mete is to muche isalt..to maken remedie in god stat, nym gruel & do in an touwayl, & nim þilke touayl wiþ þe gruel, [etc.].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.24.13 : Þei reredyn þe hous of þe lord in to þe raþere stat.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)51 : It is..used that..tenauntes shulden not doone in the tenementes wast ne destruccione..but that they susteynyn resonabely in as good poynt and state as they receyvedene hem.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)53 : Zif the forseyd tenaunt..wil fyndyne sufficiaunt suerte to redressyn and to amendyn azeyn the place wasted in as good state as it was aforne..to that he be receyved.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)1614 : The fyfteneþe day God wol taken Heuyn nd erthe and all hit newe maken..In betur state þen heo weryn iwys.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)415/19 : Moolde, abbesse of Godestowe..graunted..to Thomas Harpham..ther halle that is Icalled shiphalle..to the terme of x yere..So nathelesse that the forsaid ser Thomas shold susteyne the forsaid halle and all maner chambris..with his owne costis..in all so good a state or better than he resceived hit.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)3/8 : Hit [scarlet water] may be kept þe space of a ȝer in gud stat.
3.
Good condition: (a) good or normal physical or emotional condition; good health, normal physical function; yeven ~ to, to restore health to (the lame); (b) normal consciousness, the state of being conscious; (c) a good or proper spiritual state; (d) a state of prosperity, well-being; a good or satisfactory state of existence; bringen in ~, to bring (the world) to a good state; holden in ~, govern (the world) in good state.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)79b/a : Good disposicioun of body is I-clepid hele; bi þe whiche mannes body in complexioun & composicioun is in suche state þat he may frelich & parfiteliche do his werkes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)146b/a : Whanne þe fadir and þe modir waxiþ olde and feble..þe ȝonge crowes vndirsettiþ hem & rereþ hem wiþ here owne wynges..to bringe þe membres þat bene disesed in to state aȝeyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)152b/b : When a welle..springeþ oþer passeth by a grete ley, he makeþ þe watir þere ynne þe more holsome and þe fysshes þat beþ there ynne þe bettir in poynte and state.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20958 : He [Paul]..To halt o ganging gaf..stat.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24208 : Wa es me..Was neuer sa waful moder a Stad vte of al state.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)106/67 : I am alde and out of state.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)564 : Hym selfe he feigne seke and vnfer; Bath hym in bathes so clene and fair Hym into state forto repair.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1626 : Whoso ete or drynke more Þanne skylfully hys state astore, I holde hym noþynge wys.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)686 : He is a soþ god iproved Þat haþ þe stomak in stat stifly to kepe.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)331/289-91 : He lai al cold withoute breþe..huy..bleowen on him ȝif huy him miȝten in stat [Hrl: amendement] bringue; Longue it was are heo miȝten i-seo of liue Ani riȝt tokningue. Þo is stat him was i-come, he axede a-non-riȝt þere hov huy weren a-liue forth i-brouȝt.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)85 : For Ioye heo ful a-doun i-swowe..Þo hire stat was a-ȝein i-come, þe knaue hire op nam.
c
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1303 : May any bote þi bale brewe Or any þynge þi stat astore?
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1408 : A sete of sorwe in me is set, Sertys for synne I shye [read: syhe] sore..Mercy, þou muste myn stat astore.
d
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.71-2 : Yei shul haue ye preyeers for ye pees and ye state of holy chirche, and for ye pes and ya state of ye lond.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1208 : Þorw whom [Christ] þe fend was al mat, And þe world forbouȝt and brouȝt in stat.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1038 : Swyche men greuusly werche Aȝens þe state of holy chyrche.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)231 : Efter haly kyrc state þis ilk bok it es translate.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)314 : His sun is wisdam þat all thing wate, For all þe werld he haldis in state.
- a1422 Gild St.Geo.Nrw.(Rwl D.913)445 : The King..hatz graunted..to the Alderman..that thei mown purchace and hold to hem..londes, rentis, and seruises..to the value of xli ȝerely for sustentacion of prestes to sing and preie..for the state of the king.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)167 : Tho xij men sworne ben more ocupied for the state and for the worship of the toun..thanne other of the toun.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15583 : Sone may he [God] seyse þi sorow sade And to þi state þe wele restore to haue more hele þan euer þou had.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.70/1 : We, Citesyns of oxonforde..for þe stabulnese of all þe reame and state and welth of our Kyng ande quene..yefe and graunte, in-to perpetuell almes, to þe church..of Seynte Marye of Osney..our Ile þe which is i-callid Midley.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)535/18 : Moolde the Emperesse..and henry her sone..yaf and graunted..to the holy mynchons..into perpetuel almesse..for the helth of the sowles of her lord Geffrey duke of Aunge..and for the state of the kyngdome of Englond, the lond of Shillyngford.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.325 : An olde woman preiede hertily for his state and welfare [Trev: his lyf and his heele; L ejus incolumitate].
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)11/19 : Ȝe schull pray for þe state of all holy chyrch.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)136 : First, of the state of þe host more than of myn owne peril I was right busy.
4.
(a) A stage or period of human life with respect to age; mannes ~, manhood, adulthood; (b) status or state with respect to being wed or unwed, a virgin, pregnant, etc.; ~ of maidenhede (virgines), the state of virginity; ~ of mariage (spoushod, wedlok), a married state; ~ of sacrament, the state of being married; ~ of widwes (widwehod, widweshipe), widowhood; childinge ~, parturition; fallen upon ~ to be delivered, to come to the stage of giving birth; (c) a stage of physical development or growth; (d) one of a series of related or successive stages of spiritual development.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 *Body & S.(4) (Hrl 2253)80 : Þe seueþe day shule vp ryse..In stat of þrytty wynter boþe ȝunge and olde.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)1/15 : And hondred winter ȝef a leueþe, Þat his lyf mid þe lengeste; Onneþe creft eny þat stat.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13a/b : Þey passith neuere þe staat of ȝouthe noþir wexiþ feble in vertues noþir failiþ for elde.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)65/25 : Whanne he woxe of mannes state, he tok Anne to his wif.
- (1434) EEWills102/9 : A litil Ioyned stoll for a child, & a nother Ioyned stoll, large for to sitte on, whanne he cometh to mannes state.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)194/12 : Now-adayes as sone as a man commes to mans state, anon he will ȝeue sentence and dome of euery crafte and connynge, þoo he knowe no more þer-of þan can þe howle of musik.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)15/10-12 : Þe oolde feble man schal vse þis deuyn drynk at morn and at euen..and wiþinne a fewe dayes..he schal fele him silf of þe statt and þe strenkþe of xl ȝeer; and he schal haue greet ioie þat he is come to þe statt of ȝongþe.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.206 : Þey woldyn bryngyn holy chirche fro þe stat of manhod to þe stat of childhod.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)222/6 : Þet stat of spoushod [Vices & V.(2): staate of mariage] is zuo holy and suo honeste þet þe dede þet wes dyadlich zenne out of spoushod is wyþ-oute zenne in spoushod.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)225/13 : He ssel hem loki chastliche ase longe ase he is ine þe stat of wodewehod.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2982 : Wel þou wat þat I [Abimalech] haf halden clene hir [Sarah's] stat.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28496 : Wit womman seke vmquile haue i..vnkyndeli don licheri And womman ner hir chiltyng state.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1138 : My douȝtyr..he has schent Agayn þe staat off sacrement.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)121 : Oure Lady felde vppon hir state To be delyuered algate.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)24/9-10 : Þe stat of wedlock is good, þe staat of wedeweschip is better, but þe staat of mayndenhed is altherbest.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)320/19 : Treuly, not els but iij sondry states, þat is to seid [alt. to: sei], mayde, modur, and wiff.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)228/22 : These thynges letten fro dwe of wedloke to be askede..State [SC(1): Status]: as when the wyfe is in chylde berynge or childebede or in the houre of hire priuyte.
- a1500(?c1400) Wycl.5 QLove (NC 95)184 : Þer ben in þe Chirche þre statis þat God haþe ordeyned..comyn and leeful..state of virgyns and state of wedloke and þe state of widewis.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)230 : Þreo smale ȝerdene þare woxen of..Þo huy weren i-woxe in lengþe of one Elne..In þulke stat huy stoden longue þare and euere-more grene.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)28/14 : Þanne by þe godspelle þet corn heþ þri stas, uor hit is uerst ase ine gerse, efterward ine yere, efterward is uol of frut.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 14.2 : A man born of a womman..fleeþ as shadewe, & neuer in þe same staat abideþ stille.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)217b/b : Cipressus..haþ vertu next þe cedre..it may not roty..but abideþ and dureþ alway in þe firste state [L prima..firmitate].
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)157/477* : Still þan stode þa wandes þare A thowsand ȝere & wex nomare Bot in a state ay gan þai stand.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)2397 : Thou shalte no whyle be in o state, But..Nowe reed as Rose, now yelowe and fade.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Ps.(Bod 959)52 : Þis booc..is deuyded bi þre fifties bi þe whiche þre statis of cristene religioun ben betokned, of whiche þe firste is in penaunce, þe secounde in riȝtwisenesse, þe þredde in preising of þe euerlastinge lijf.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)68/6 : Þat blessid brigge, Goddis sone, haþ þre grees, by þe whiche ben bitokenyd þre staatis of a soule.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)132/15,17 : How a man þat haþ excercisid hym in þe dreede of seruage, which is þe staat of imperfeccioun..may come so to þe secunde gree, which is þe staat of perfeccioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)416/12-13 : In þe whiche grees I put iii statis of þe soule, þat is, vnparfiȝt state, parfiȝt state, & moost parfiȝt state. In þe..moost parfiȝt state a soule is come to þe excellens of vnitif loue.
- c1440(?a1396) ?Hilton Angels' Song (Thrn)15/13 : Þe ende and þe soueraynte of perfeccione standes in a verray anehede of Godd and of manes saule..This Ende þan es verrayly made whene þe myghtes of þe saule er refourmede by grace to þe dignyte and þe state of þe firste condicione, þat es, whene þe mynde es stablede sadely..in Godd and gastely thynges.
5.
(a) A period or phase of human existence, esp. with ref. to the fall of man and the coming of Christ; also, the human condition during such a period; ~ of innocence (innocencie), the prelapsarian condition; (b) a stage or period of Christ's existence, as divided into the period of his life as a man on earth and his eternal life in heaven; (c) a period or stage of human life, as divided into life before and after death; also, the human condition during such a period.
Associated quotations
a
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)2/17 : This maner of knawying had oure forme-fadyr In the state of innocency that thai were made in.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.31 : Take hede of tweie states, oon from þe bygynnynge of þe world to Criste, and is i-cleped þe staat of mysgoynge [Higd.(2): the state of deuiacion]; the secounde staat from Criste to þe worldes end, and is i-cleped þe state of grace and of mercy [Higd.(2): the state of reconsiliacion].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.219 : Adam..fel out of þe state of innocence [Higd.(2): innocency]..in to þe state of wrecchednesse.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)143 : If monkynde in þo stat of innocense, when he..was not bysett wiþ enmyes, schulde not be ydel, bot serve his God bisily..how schulde he be ydel now when peril is myche more?
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.30 : Mankynde felle fro þe staat of innocence for Adams synne and Eve.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)61/32 : Adam..foond..a rebellioun aȝeins hymsilf..and þere he loste þe noble staat of innocencie and bicam as an vnresonable beest.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)6/14 : Thre statys are of mane: be-fore syne & efter, and efter mane es confermed.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)55/26 : My leue suster, ȝif þou wol knowe & se þe yuelis..þat man þoleþ in þis world, vndirstonde þe staat of man, what it was ere he synned.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)387 : In þe tyme of þe state of innocence, we know wel..þat god had so ordeyned for mankynde þat it schulde haue had lyflode Inow..wiþ-owte eny tenefulle laboure.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)190/21 : Labour..was made in the state of innocencye.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)140/14 : Take awey feyth, and alle men schal retorne to þe fyrst state [Lambeth: hir olde staat; L statum pristinum], þat is to sey, lyke to brutis and in symilytude to bestis.
b
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)7/9 : Þe distinccioun..is made..of þe tyme of Cristes manhed & of þe tyme of his myȝt, power, and maieste..Peter was ordeyned Cristes vicarie for þe state of his [Christ's] manhed & nouȝt for þe state of his blisse & maieste.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)9/12 : In þe first state, Crist vsed no siche power, but put hit awey from hym.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.132 : Now Crist is sittynge in hevene, for his staat here in erþe is fulli performed.
c
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)958 : Beo we translated in to blis Of wel better state.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)5736 : Of þe remnaunht furth now wyl I tel..If..god also my state so longe Tyl yt be doon vouchesaf to prolong.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.170 : God..wyl þat men ben vncerteyn of here frendys, whan þey ben dede, in what stat þey ben.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.171 : It is leful to men for to chargyn here frendys to comyn aȝen and schewyn hem here stat aftir here deth.
6.
A particular condition or phase: (a) the phase of full illumination of a heavenly body; (b) med. the crisis of a disease or morbid condition.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)369/100 : He hadde ane douȝter þat was lunatyke, þat þe deuel hadde..made..witles euerech monthþe ase hit feol in þe stat of þe mone.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1551 : In sua lang time..þe planetes all ar went again O þair first making in to þe state.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)210/18 : Þe firste bigynnyng repercussifs ouercome þe mater of enpostym myche, & in þe stat of þe empostym lasse.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)22b/a : Apostemez haþ 4 tymez: Bigynnyng, Augmentyng, State, & declinacioun..State is when þe forsaid þyngez standeþ in þair beyng.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)110b/b : State [L Status] is when þe membrez bigynneþ to be vlcerate.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)104b/b : Þou moste repercusse a sanguine enpostume..so þat þe resolutiues in þe begynnynge of þe enpostume be moste in quantite & in þe aumentacioun lesse & in þe state of þe enpostume as moche of one as of anoþer, & in þe declinacioun þou schalt vse pure resolutiues.
7.
Existence, being; haven (the) ~, holden ~, to be in existence, occur.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.9.8 : Not ȝit the wei of seyntis for to be openyd, ȝit the former tabernacle hauynge state.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)314 : His sun his wisdom es, þat wat All thinges þat haldes stat.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.9.8 : Þat thyng betooknande þe holy gost þat þe weyes of þe seyntus of þe secounde tabernacle not ȝit to be schewid opyn; þe formere tabernacle hauande ȝit þe staat.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.599 : As ffeueryeer forth goth Nouember mone: On xxvij feet eerly and late, And next to hem xvj vprenneth sone; xiij is thridde, and firthe in x hath state.
8.
Astron. Aspect of a heavenly body.
Associated quotations
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6253 : Ȝif sche haue counfort of aspectis glade Of planetis stondyng in good state.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)86/13 : Þanne ys þe mone yn clen staat.
9a.
Religious status or standing: (a) with ref. to acceptance or observance of a system of religious belief and practice; ~ of cristendom, cristen ~, the state of being a Christian, Christianity; (b) with ref. to being in monastic orders; ~ of religioun, the status or position of a member of a monastic order; (c) with ref. to being in or out of clerical orders; also as term of association for priests [quot.: c1450]; ~ of clergie (leued man, prest); (d) with ref. to acceptance of the contemplative or the active life; also, with ref. to the acceptance of the solitary life.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)69/54 : He [St. Alban] þonkede god þat he moste þare for is loue To þe stat of cristindom þoruȝ is torment come.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)234 : Þe Aumperesse nolde hele hire stat lengore þo nam-more: 'Sire,' heo seide..'Ower Maumates ichulle for-sake; Inelle on hem bi-leue more.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29276 : On þam þis cursing stede first takes, þat sustens or þam-selfen makes Fals trout gain cristen state.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.382 : He tauȝte to his Chirche which is þe beste stat here.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)79/11 : O þe holy state of religiose seruage, þat makiþ man even to aungels.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)238/9 : Þe zeuende..is þe stat of religioun, uor þo þet byeþ ine þet stat habbeþ to god behote þet hi ssolle libbe euermor chasteliche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)238/16-17 : Huo þet him [Christ] deþ spousy..wel to loki hare chastete and uor hare stat þet is stat of holy perfeccion, þet þe more þet þet stat is holy, be zuo moche is þe zenne þe more and þe more uoul.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)213 : Ihesus he forsoke, And þe crystyndom þat he toke, And þe state of relygyoun, And chese hys Dampnacyun.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)419 : Þey deuysid obedience to oon special man as myche and as ofte as he wolde commaunde..hem to do eny deede wiþoute whos fulfilling þe state of religioun myȝte not contynue.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.1.2a : Gostely suster..I preie þe þat..þou halde þe paied..trauailiend..forto fulfulle..þe state þe whilke þou haste taken.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)324 : Þe Abite of Monek he nam, And a-boue al þan clerkene Robe, ase to is stat bicam.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.391 : Formosus was pope..he..was degraded anon to þe staat of a lewed man.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1679 : Ȝyf..þou art yn state of prest, Or yn two ordrys alþer nest, Suddekene or dekene hy, þys lettyþ weddyng & dede fleshly.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)112/20-21 : I take noon heede ne reward as for persoones ne for statis, for in ech staat þat a man wil take and kepe, so þat he haue a good and an holy wille, it schal be acceptable to me.
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A state off preestez.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)172/22 : By cause that the state of the clergie is among all othre highe..I caste to dresse my mater and speke firste of theim.
d
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)269 : Þis medled lyf schewed vr lord in him-self to ensaumple of hem þat han take þe staat & þe charge of þis medled lyf.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)90/23 : Þe state þat þou ert in, þat es solitude, es maste abyll of all othyr til revelacion of þe Haly Gaste.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.16.10a : How scholdest þou þan fele þi self able or wurþi forto haue þat stat and liknesse of contemplatif lif.
9b.
(a) Economic status, financial condition or standing; (b) possessions, wealth; after his ~, according to his means.
Associated quotations
a
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.20 : If eny brother or sister falle in pouert..his state shal bene holpen, of euery brother and sister of ye gilde, wt a ferthyng in ye woke.
- c1410(1399) Will Folkyngham in Yks.Wr.2 (UC 97)449 : Þe remanant of alle my goode..I be-qweth it to Ionet my wyfe..to doon in almesse for me, and for here..nouȝt amenysynge gretely here lyflode ne here poure stat.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)5/39 : After that þe state of þe pacient askeþ, aske he boldly more or lesse.
b
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)58/21 : We willeth haue a comune box of almesse..to wheche box eche broþer & suster schal paie eche quarter a peny, þer whiles god ȝeueth him grace of stat and of power.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26326 : He þat him-self has tint his state, He ne mai till oþer it translate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28418 : I haue my state Broken.
- c1425 How GWife(1) (Hnt HM 128)171/177 : Mete and drynke with fair semblaunte..Ilke a man aftir his state..ȝeue the pouer atte nede.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)146 : He..to hys neghburs dose no noy In stede ne stayll, þare staite to stroy.
10a.
(a) A person's position in society, one's station; rank or degree in the social, political, or ecclesiastical hierarchy; (b) office, esp. ecclesiastical office; (c) rank or position in the universal church, as that of apostle, prophet, etc.; (d) rank or position in the theological hierarchy of created beings; (e) binimen (putten oute of, reven) ~, to deprive (sb.) of (his) office or rank; bringen to ~, bring (sb.) to (his former) position or rank; holden ~, fig. take (a vice's) place; holden ~ thurgh, derive title to (one's) rank or office from (a superior); putten o ~, deprive (a people) of their heritage or position; recoveren ~, recover (one's) status as heir, regain (one's) heritage.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)106/3 : Þet is riht religiun, þet euch, efter his stat, borhi ed tis frakele worlde se lutel se ha least mei.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)49/19 : Þe zenne of dede of lecherie him to-delþ ine uele boȝes..Þe xij is of man of religioun and of wyfman of religion, and þis zenne an-heȝeþ and loȝeþ be þe stat of þe persones þet hit doþ.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)339 : Be seruisabul to þe simple so as to þe riche, & felawe in faire manere as falles for þi state.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.453 : He usede more lawhynge and playenge þan it semede his staate [L gradum] and his age, and he was nyh i-cleped a iapere.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)264 : Here beginneþ a luitel Boc þat was writen to a worldli lord to teche him hou he schulde haue him in his state in ordeynd loue to god and to his euencristene.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)7/27 : Pryde..makeþ a man go aboue himself with his wille, not holdyng him apayed of þe state þat God wolde haue him inne.
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Elsm)A.716 : Now haue I toold you shortly..The staat [Heng: Thestaat], tharray, the nombre, and eek the cause Why þat assembled was this compaignye.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)11326 : Agamenoun..did hem sitte more and lesse, Euerychon afftir his state isse.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)157 : Take kepe to thoos lordez To styghtyll þa steryn men, as theire statte askys.
- (1450) RParl.5.211b : Nor that any person under state of Lord, that was in the last Parlement as a membre therof, except Shirrefs of Shires..be made Commissioner or Collectour.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11230 : Þen prestes and prophettes kneled, ylkon aftur þer state.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.56 : The better that thi state be, The better wysdom be-houys the.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)1091 : And som knyght is weddid to a lady of royalle blode..þe lady of blod royalle shalle kepe þe state þat she afore in stode.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.174 : Ȝit blame I no burne to be, as him ouȝte, In comliche cloþinge as his statt axith.
- c1475(1459) Pros.Yorkists in EHR 26 (Roy 17.D.15)520 : Thay made an ende of many betture knyghtes than ever thay wer..the whiche wer as highe in state as thay.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.53 : Þu semyst to been a lettryd man and a clerk; In qhat degree art þu and in qhat staat?
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.303 : Þouȝ resounable aray & honest ben comendable boþin in man & woman aftir her stat, ȝit þey must ben wol war þat be swyche aray þey fallyn nout in pryde ne in lecherye.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)542 : Normandie norshide a monke now late which deceyuede men of euery state.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2992 : The Papacie Thei wolde honoure..Bot [not] thilke Pride temporal Of Boneface in his persone..And thus the man and noght the stat The Frensche schopen be her miht To grieve.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)286/6 : To siche þat ben þe deuelis lymes be mysrulid lyuyng, þei [wicked prelates] comytten boþe offices and staatis of þe ordir, for as blynde þei lyue and as blynde þei ȝeuen officis.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick351a : We enioyne yow, prioresse, vpo peyne of priuacyone of your state, degree, and office of prioresse, that euery yere..ye showe to your susters..a fulle..accompte of alle the reuenues that longe to your place and how thai are dispendede.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)334 : A Priores aw..Pryde in hert for to haue none, Bot loue god..Als þe apostel..sais Vn-to all folk..Þat takes swilk staite of dignite.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.2.2b : Þis lif longeth to alle worlthiman..whilke eiþer han stat, office, ore cure ouer oþer men.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20928 : [P]Aul..First þe juus auocate, And siþen he com to apostil state.
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)1174 : Marie superexcellis of all seints the state, Of patriarkes and prophetes and posteles dignitee, Of martirs and confessoures and virgines in degree.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)57 : Prestis ordeyned of god comen oþer in staat of apostlis or disciplis of crist.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)445 : But if þou were in state of a prophete, it is hard to þee forto schewe euydencis..þat god affermeth to þee eny special þing aboue or bisidis þe lawe of kynde or contrarie to þe lawe of kynde.
d
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4142 : Lucyfer had fyrst enuye, Þat man was made to state so hye.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)167/10 : Angelis þat kepten not þer state he reseruede in euerlastinge peine.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)120/13 : In heuene ben þre staates [Ayenb.: stages] of aungeles, as seynt Denys seiþ, wher-of þat on is riȝt hiȝe, and þe oþere menere, and þe þridde lowest.
e
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)920 : Þe kyng..wole..binime þe [Becket] þi stat and perantur bringue þe out of londe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1261 : Þer vore ich bidde þat ich mowe mi stat holde þoru þe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.165 : Þe counsaile was þat Tarquinius schulde be brouȝt to his state and in to þe citee aȝen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.35 : No man schulde be degraded noþer i-putte out of his staat and of his degree, but it were lawefulliche accused toforehonde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1998 : If that he [Orestes] wolde His stat recovere, thanne he scholde Upon his Moder do vengance.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9219 : Þe Iuues now er put o state, And þair kingrik translate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10042 : Pride þat es ouercummen and mad al matt, þar buxumnes mai hald hir stat.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.73 : Þe archbisshop Stigand, of Inglond primate, þat tyme was suspended, þe pape reft him þe state.
10b.
(a) Relative status, rank, or position; gret (heigh, litel, noble, etc.) ~; (b) high rank, high office, exalted position.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)212 : Maide Katerine..Þench op-on þi noble stat; of alle Maidenes þov art flour.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)25/8 : Þise byeþ þe yefþes þet comeþ of ydele blisse..þet habbeþ þo ine heȝ stat [Vices & V.(2): grete staat] oþer ine þo wordle oþer ine religion.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16a/b : The fifthe ordir hatte principatus..þis ordur techith men of lowe staat [L inferioris gradus] to do reuerens to hem þat be..gretter..as to kynges & princis and prelatis.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3932 : Ȝyf þou forþenke a mannys prowe, Þat he haþ hegher state þan þow Yn any manere of dygnyte..Dedly synne ys swyche enuye.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.41 : Þis gospel techiþ men how þei shal not by þer hiȝ staat hide þere synne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)11202 : Wyþ hym of Rome cam þe legat And oþer bischopes of mener stat.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)191/27 : The state of symple labourers or othre of litle state ought not to be dispresyed.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)188/6 : Ordeyn neuir supportur or consulour of þine, be he neuir so gret a state, in þi stede to haue gouernauns of þi kyngdam.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.176 : Ȝif it be doute wheþer þe ȝifte be ȝouyn be comenant or be euyl intencion, men must takyn hede to þe stat of þe ȝeuere & of þe takere, wheþer þe ryche ȝeue to þe pore or þe pore to þe ryche.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.315 : God schal punchyn þe peple þat wil nout connyn ne kepyn hese lawys, from þe lowest stat to þe heyest.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)741/21 : When þe Emperour herde..That he toke so hyȝe state vpon hym, Anon he put hym ouȝte of þe Empyr.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)254 : Brut..atte laste þo he in stat was & him þoȝte þat is per in þe world nas, Þat folc..to him drowe vaste.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.420 : A man y was of state..& holden a lord of gret mounde & erl of al Durras.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1906 : Þat riche douke..As a prince serued..wes Wiþ riche coupes of gold, & he þat brouȝt him to þat state Stode bischet wiþ-outen þe gate..sore of-hungred & cold.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)81/319 : Ȝif þat þou take such an offys more for þyn owne worldly profyt þan for helpe of þe comunyte, þou art a tiraunt..For it is to drede last þer ben manye þat desiren suche states þat þey may þe raþere [Knight: rapere] oppresse þilke þat þey hateþ.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.258 : Sir Hugh was man of state.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)172/24 : Ȝyf sche sey a prince, a prelat, er a worthy man of state & degre whom men worschepyd & reuerensyd..hir mende was refreschyd in-to owr Lord, thynkyng what joy, what blysse, what worschep & reuerens he had in Heuyn..syn a deedly man had so gret worschep in erth.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)1 : Eche man be war, that bereth a state, Of counseil of double entendement, Of tyrauntrye, and preuey hate.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2214 : Þe Priores als principall Es lady & leder of þam all..not..for hir awn bi-houe, Bot for hir staite.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)135/8 : Whan that ony man is ded that ony stat beryth, they leyn his spere in his graue besydyn hym.
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)34 : Vaynglory in staat is brouȝt.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)1 : Sum tyme was there a man of state That was clepyd methodius, An holy byschop, a gret prelate.
11.
(a) Authority, power; ~ of king, sovereignty; ~ real, royal authority; beren ~ in, to have supremacy on (the sea); (b) the office or authority of a sovereign, sovereign power; also as term of association for princes; haven the ~ of, to have the rule of (a country); (c) ?duty, responsibility, function.
Associated quotations
a
- (1399) RParl.3.424a : Sire, ze remembre zowe wele that on Moneday..ze renounsed and cessed of the State of Kyng and of Lordesship and of all the Dignite and Wirshipp that longed therto.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1848 : Ihesus unto þat child sayd..'Þou smate me & I noȝt trespaste'..Þe child at þat worde ded fell doun..Ihesus is of gret state.
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)78 : In deffence off his state ryall, The geaunt wolde abyde eche aventure.
- 1448(1435) *Mandeville Brut (Arms 58:Kooper)f.329v : Ye wold haue help hym þat he shold haue regnyd ayen and gouernyd his peple as he dude here byfore while þat he was kyng, in blemshyng of þe staat of oure lord þe kyng.
- a1450(?1418) The herrere degre (Dgb 102)10 : Ȝif þou be kyngis chaunceller, Kepe þe crowne hool in stat.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3450 : If Man be dampnyd to hell dyrknes, Þanne myth I wryngyn myn honde Þat euere my state schulde be les.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)47 : Shall..Flemmynges to oure blame Stoppe us, take us and so make fade the floures Of Englysshe state and disteyne oure honnoures?
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)601 : Yf men were wyse the Frenshemen and Flemmynge Shulde bere no state in the see by werrynge.
b
- (1387) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)93/9 : Oure lord þe kyng..comaundeth..þat non be so hardy to speke..oni thyng þat might soune in euel or dishoneste of..þe kyng ne..þe quene..in hinderyng of here state in any manere.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.83 : Kyng Steuen..withouten reson Of þis land had þe state & conquered þe coroun.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1708 : Þenne sone watz he [Nebuchadnezzar] sende agayn, his sete restored..And so ȝeply watz ȝarked and ȝolden his state.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)604 : A state of princes.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)123/10 : Then he comaunded theym that the state of his modre wer keped, and that she shuld haue hir awn commandemente, as it wer to his awn propre persone.
c
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1717,1719 : Pilate forgatt his awen astate, And ferd he was for þair debate, His state was ryghtwisnes to yheme..His state he toke no tent vntyll, Bot demed all efter þair will.
12.
(a) A class of persons, esp. a social or occupational class or group; also, a member of a particular class or rank; (b) one of the major classes constituting the body politic and as such participating in the government; also, a member of such a class; states of this lond (the parlemente), the estates of this land (the Parliament), i.e., the clergy, the nobility, and the commons; states of the reaume, the estates of the realm; also, the peers of the realm [last quot.]; (c) one of the major classes constituting the church, regarded sometimes as a class of persons, sometimes as a form of living or status; also, any of the classes within the broad category of the clergy or a member of such a class [quot.: c1438].
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/15, 17,19,23 : Heþ he þri states of godes zone ine erþe..Þe on stat is of þan þet byeþ ine þe wordle and libbeþ be godes hestes..Þe oþer stat is of þe stedeueste þet of al habbeþ þe herten out of þe wordle, þet ysyeþ god ase moche ase me may ine þise lyue..Þe þridde byeþ ine þe middel stat þet gouerneþ wel oþer ham oþer oþre and libbeþ be þe hestes of god.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)65/82 : Þis shulde be o cause why euery staat shul loue oþer and men of o craft shulde neiþer hate ne despise men of anoþer craft.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2990 : Ther ys no staat in his degree That noughte to desire pes.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.132 : Þe comynge of þes two Maries..techiþ hou Crist wolde shewyn him unto many statis.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)9790 : At stacyouns wher sermons shuld be, She nold ben among þe statys hy, But among þe wummen of porest degre.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Meas.Treas.(Hrl 2255)108 : Ploughmen, carterys, with othir laborerys, Dichers, delverys..The staatis alle set here in portrature.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)7680 : Every man he Rewardyth aftyr his degre, and Every stat gwerdoneth ful pryncypale.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)184/17 : Suche people as we haue spoken of her befor..be named marchauntes, whiche state of people is right necessarye.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.149 : Euery stat, euery degre in this lond is now ȝouen to synne.
b
- (1399) RParl.3.424a : Ther was a Parlement somond of all the States of the Reaume for to be at Westmynstre..by cause of the whiche sommons all the States of this Londe were ther gadyrd.
- (1399) RParl.3.451b : The Answers of certeins Lordes..ware herd..byfore the Kyng and all the States in this present Parlement.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1004 : Sessions wer made on euery syde Only þe statis by ordre to deuyde.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)60 : O ȝe [Pope] that ben sette moste hye In dygnite Of al estatis in erthe spiritual And liche as Petur had the souerente Ouer the churche and states temporal.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.1865 : Thei wer..the Romeyn champiouns..Tauoid discord..Atween the comouns & statis honourable.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)196/1 : All þe lordis and states of þe parlement mad her new othis to be trewe ligemen to her kyng.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)214/6 : Þis renunciacion was openly red in Westminster Halle, and euery state singulerly inqwyred, who þei likid þis.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)166/2 : It may happe I may touche thre maner of states [F estas] defferenced that be in speciall as on in the said vniuersall people.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)133/18 : Þe kynge schal apper but onys in þe yer..syttyng vppon a stede..and þan þe statys of þe reme [L nobiles] and hys baronnys a-bowght hym.
c
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)63/47 : Ryȝt so in þe chirche beeþ nedeful þes þre offices: presthod, knyȝthod, and laboreris..And þese statis beþ..nedeful to þe chirche þat non may wel ben wiþouten oþer.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3394 : Þe clerk was wode al gate To were a cloþe aȝens his state.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)143 : Bot..thre partis of þo Chirche schulden in þre dyverse maners serve treuly hor God, as prestis, and gentil men, and laboreres of þo worlde; As prestis have a state hyest of alle oþer, so God askes of hom more parfit servise.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)250/2 : Lord Crist Ihesu, I crye ȝow mercy for alle þe statys þat ben in Holy Chirche, for þe Pope & alle hys cardinalys, for alle erchebischopys & bischopys, & for al þe ordir or presthoode, for alle men & women of religyon, & specialy for hem þat arn besy to sauyn & defendyn þe feith of Holy Chirch.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)362 : Almyȝty god þe trinyte, fadir, sonne, and holy gooste..haþ fowndid his chirche up-on þre statis, awnswerynge or acordynge to þes þre persones and her propirtes..to þe fadir in trinyte to whom is apropred power, awnsweriþ þe state of seculer lordis, fro þe hiȝest knyȝte, þat is..þe emperoure, to þe lowest sqwyer þat by wai of office of his state beriþ þe swerde..To þe secunde persone in trinyte, to whom is apropred wisdam or kunnynge, awnsweriþ þe state of þe clergy or of presthode.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)391 : Houȝ myche raþer..is it a grete synne..to take þe lordeschip þe whiche god..haþ ȝoue bi perpetual lawe or riȝte to þe stade of seculer lordis, and ȝeue þis fro þat state..to an-oþer straunge peple of anoþir lyne..so as no man schuld presume to wiþdrawe..tiþis fro þe state of presthode..so myche raþer schuld no man presume..to aliene þe temporal lordeschips fro þe state of seculer lordis.
- a1500(?c1400) Wycl.5 QLove (NC 95)184 : It is knowun bi Goddis lawe, þat þer ben in þe Chirche þre statis þat God haþe ordeyned; state of prestis and state of knyȝtis, and þe þridd is staat of comunys.
13.
(a) A person of high rank, a noble, lord, etc.; one who holds an official position, a dignitary, local official, etc.; (b) the person occupying the seat of honor at a banquet; (c) a title of honor.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)426 : Such lordschip as worldli princis and worldli vndir hem, dukis and othere statis, ben woned to holde and vse bi tyranry vpon her netherers.
- c1450 Brut-1431(1) (Eg 650)445/12 : Off þe statis at þe Coronacion of Kateryne.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)32 : Happed him to be in þe capitoll wher þe states and þere puple treted what cheuesaunce þei myth make to uoyde þis grete daunger.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)159/4 : Sir Piere called this yonge squier with his voys before all the statis and..axed hym where was his fedyll..or suche an Instrument as longithe vnto a mynstrall.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)553/14 : Þer were in þe toune viij c men of werre, without lordes and states.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)19 : The Pardonere be-held the besynes, howe statis wer I-servid.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)659/25 : Henry, kyng of Englond..charged to all statis and to the baillifs of Gloucestre that they sholde..defende the londis..all goodes of the holy mynchons of Godestowe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)355/4 : Owre worthy prynsis, lo, are gaderid in same that are statis of this lond, hye men of degre.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)3 : When þe Meyre and þe statys sawe þis doyng, þey made þe wif to be slayne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)306/17 : Wote ye not that I am pilate..I am he, that great state.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)73 : Ther mett with hem the Lorde Cobham and oþer statys and comyns of Kentt..And in the mene tyme thes oþer lordes sent to the meire and to the statis of the cite for to have all ther hertes.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)72/53 : As þei wer at þer fest in pascha, þe stattys and þe commyns, þen fyl a stryfe.
b
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)253 : Whan þe state hath wasche..þen must ye bere forþe þe surnape before youre souerayne.
c
- (c1437) Paston2.512 : Comaunde the seide William Paston to bringe..the euidences and munimentes whiche that the modere of youre seide pore bisechere schulde haue yeve vn-to the seide William Paston, state, or to any man that had it bifore hym.
14.
(a) Splendor of array, ceremony, retinue, etc. appropriate to high rank or office; pomp; holden ~ of, to observe the celebration of (a holy day); (b) a seat or chair of honor; (c) a ceremonial fold in a tablecloth or napkin at either side of the seat of honor.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13584 : O godd him semes ha na perti þat haldes of hali-dai na stat.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1340 : I spake wiþ Syr Pylate, That I knowe him by his state.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)22/1 : Of his grete state and magestee I think it speke afterwardes.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)129/13 : The cause why that we dwelledyn with hym was to knowe the stat of hym and the nobley of his court and the excilence of his richesse, the whiche we myghte not knowe ne trowyn but we seye with oure eyen.
b
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1729 : In to a state they hym brought.
- ?a1500 Banquet Menus (Add 18752)89 : On the lyfte hond off the qwene The kyng off Scottes yn A State.
c
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)252 : Then must ye draw & reyse þe vpper parte of þe towelle, Ley it with-out ruffelynge streiȝt to þat oþer side..þan at euery end þerof convay half a yarde or an elle, þat þe sewere may make a state & plese his mastir welle.
15.
Regard, esteem, honor; good reputation.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)28/23 : Zome..byeþ uol-mad and ine grat stat and doþ moche guod to god and to þe wordle.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)105/28 : We accorsen..Also alle that diffamen man or woman, where-for here state and here lofe is peyred, for envy or for hate.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)17/7 : I wolle loue you as my knyght, and..that I may perceyve that ye thinke noon othre wyse bot forto kepe the state and the worshipp of me; and if ye thinke any velanye, I shall neuer loue you.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11012 : Kynges and lordes..oghte also to be doghti..Large and ȝeving curtesly, Her state to maintene þerby.
16.
A position; in knelinge ~, on the knees, in an attitude of worship; drauen up ~, ?to get up, get to one's feet.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17802 : Þar ar þai samen in þat tun In kneling stade [Ld: state] and orisun.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)2254 : Tauryn þo he say þat, He gan drawe vp his stat [Ld: dresse vp his hatt]; Glitoun ros furst..And smot Tauryn vp risynge On þe helm wiþ þe sweord.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)210 : For be þan a hundyrd ȝere come owt..þe gret spere ys runne a-bowte And turnyd to hys fyrst state ageyn.
17.
In misc. senses: (a) a kind, sort; (b) ?a guise, form; (c) ?demeanor; (d) in phrase: for mi ~, for my part, as far as I am concerned; (e) gram.?a state of being.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)275/5646 : With stanes of ilka state wall [read: was] þe stoure clustrid.
b
- a1450 When adam delf (Cmb Dd.5.64)18 : Dede to þe sal com..Þou ne wate in what state, how, ne whare, ne when.
c
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)391 : Þan cryst answered, with mylde state.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)535 : For mi stat and for holi churche, Ich answerie..Þat alle þe olde guode lawes..graunti ichulle for holi churche for-to habben þin ore Sauue ore riȝtes and ore ordre.
e
- c1400 Dur-C.Treat.Syntax (Dur-C B.4.19)192/68 : 'In' preposicion serues til accusatif case when he betakyns steryng fra a place til a nothyr, fra a gre til a nothir, fra a state til a nothyr.
18.
Law (a) Legal right or title to property; also fig.; ~ makinge (yevinge, ayen-yevinge), the act or fact of granting or transferring a title to property; maken (a) ~, to give legal right or title; also, ?grant a reversionary title [quot.: 1470]; restoren to the ~ and possessioun to taken, reinstate (sb.) in the possession of a right to collect (a sum of money); (b) legal possession of property; (c) property, esp. inherited property; (d) ~ in fe, a heritable estate in land subject to feudal obligations; ~ (in) taille, an estate entailled or limited to some particular class of heirs; ~ terme of lif, an estate which terminates with the life of the holder, a life interest or estate.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.92 : Ȝef he is out of londe fowrty dayȝes and ȝif he at his day comeþ, habbe he shal þat ylke stat þat he shulde haue y-had ȝif he hadde be present þe day þat his eldere deyde.
- c1400 LChart.Chr.A (Bod 89)32/151 : I [Christ] come of þe holy gooste wiþ playn power þy state to make.
- (1414-15) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.120/19 : The forsayde John shall deliuere..to the forsaide Thomas..all his right, state, and terme comyng in alle the forsayde tenementz, shoppes, and her appurtenauntz.
- (1414-15) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.120/23,26 : In caas that state resonable be made to the forsayde John by the same Thomas..than shall John paie to Thomas atte the state makyng xij li. sterlings.
- (1425) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.11 : Sche, for nownpayment of þe for-seyd annuyte..entred and put owt on john Eleyne, þanne holder..of þe same place and land and after, with-owt any stat ȝevyng aȝen to þe same john Eleyne..þe for-seyd Emayne sold hyt to on john mallore, squyere, and hym ȝaf lawful stat.
- (1425) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.12 : Þe forsayd Emayne entered in þe forsayd land and place..and vtterly pyt out jon Eleyne..for nowne-payment of þe annuite abovesayd, with-out any seyson or stat aȝeyn ȝevyng or deleuery makyng to þe same jon Eleyne.
- (1432) RParl.4.396b : The seide Oratrice willyng to leve as well hir state the which she hath in the forsaide Maner.
- (1434) Will York in Sur.Soc.3041 : Yt ye saide Norman of Babyngton make a stete to John of Willughby.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.30155 : I require my seid feffes..that they make a state of the maner of Kirklyngton unto Elizabeth Chaworth.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.201/3 : Wherefore þey axe hem-selfe to be i-browȝght ayene and to be restoryd to the state and possession to take þe saide v s. yerely.
- (1464) RParl.5.550a : Provided also that this Acte extend not nor..be prejudiciall..to eny persone..havyng state, title, possession or interesse of, in, or to the Maner of Westwhetynham.
- (1470) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.60 : They compelled by the vertu of a sub pena..one Thomas Wynslow to make theym a state of certayn landes and tenementes.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)613/3 : Aliz wynnynge..surrendred to þe Abbas & couent of Godestowe all þe state..of all londis & tenementes þat she had in þe towne & feldes of Crickelade.
b
- (a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1. p.xxxvi : Felice kame to yefe hym fulle state and have payement in honde.
- (1461) Paston (EETS)1.98 : I wold haue þe seyd dedis leyd in a box, both old and new..þat whan I com homwar I mygh fynd it ther and mak seson and stat to be take whil I wer ther.
- (1463) Will Kent in Archaeol.Cant.11378 : He for to deliuer state whan the executouris requirithe hym.
- (1475) RParl.6.147a : All Castelles..Tenementes..whereof she..was seased or possessed in hir owne right, state, or possession.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)3483 : Now haþ Beues al is stat.
- (1461) RParl.5.479a : That the same Margarete and also the seid Edward her son be unabled..to have, occupie, hold, enherit, or joy any state..or Possessions within the Reame of Englond.
d
- (1426) Will in Bdf.HRS 246 : My wil is..that he make a state in fee to iohn of Broughton for euermore.
- (1429-30) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.80 : Yat ye saydys feffys mak a state of ye thirde part of ye landys, rentys, and tenementys of ye sayd Custance in Yorke to Eustace, my wyffe, term of hir liffe.
- (1447) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.40 : The forsayd Sampson schall make or do to be made a state of the maner of ffroddeswall..in tayll to the forsayd Thomas and Elizabeth.
- (1447) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.41 : The sayd Sampson schall make a state taill to the forsayd Thomas and Elizabeth of all hys londes, tenementes, rentes, and seruis.
- (1465) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4334 : Ye remaynder of the seyde maner of Shelfanger and Multon..shall remayne to othyr ysseu male of my body lawfully begotyn, ȝyf there ony be, and to the heyres of them lawfully begotyn in state tayle.
19.
(a) As name of a horse; --?error for scot n.(3) or stot n.; (b) ?in surname.
Associated quotations
a
- c1460 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Roy 17.D.15)A.616 : State [Heng: This Reue sat vp on..a Pomely gray..highte Scot].
b
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10104 : Stepho de Statdenn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1356/29 : Þe vnite of þe trinite in þre persones and oon God..moot be sole and singuler wiþoute piere, so þat þerinne may be styntynge state, quiete and reste of all vnites.
Note: Belongs to sense 1. (per REL) or sense 7. (per MM) with modified gloss: "a state of being".
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. state.