Middle English Dictionary Entry

stāt n.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. estat n., from which forms with initial s- should be deleted.
1.
(a) A moral or spiritual state or condition; ~ of dampnacioun (grace, right, etc.); ~ of penaunce (teres), a state of repentance; (b) a mental state, frame of mind; (c) the physical state or condition of air, a river, or flood waters; also, an unchanging physical state [quot.: c1450(a1425)]; (d) physical appearance, physical form; stature, build; (e) the nature or essential character of God, Christ, or the soul; (f) a state of affairs; one's circumstances or situation; ~ of scole, the fact of having a formal or university education; (g) a mode of life, manner; ~ of livinge, way of life.
2.
Condition with ref. to a norm: (a) condition or state of a person with respect to physical health, bodily strength, etc.; ~ o (of) coveringe, a state of recovery from sickness; comen to the ~ of helthe, to become healthy; coveren of ~, recover from a state of unconsciousness; kepen in (taken) the ~ of helthe, remain in (recover) good health; (b) condition or state of a person, country, religious house, etc. with respect to welfare, prosperity, economic well-being, etc.; situation, plight; in god ~; (c) condition or state of a structure, substance, etc. with respect to physical soundness or preservation.
3.
Good condition: (a) good or normal physical or emotional condition; good health, normal physical function; yeven ~ to, to restore health to (the lame); (b) normal consciousness, the state of being conscious; (c) a good or proper spiritual state; (d) a state of prosperity, well-being; a good or satisfactory state of existence; bringen in ~, to bring (the world) to a good state; holden in ~, govern (the world) in good state.
4.
(a) A stage or period of human life with respect to age; mannes ~, manhood, adulthood; (b) status or state with respect to being wed or unwed, a virgin, pregnant, etc.; ~ of maidenhede (virgines), the state of virginity; ~ of mariage (spoushod, wedlok), a married state; ~ of sacrament, the state of being married; ~ of widwes (widwehod, widweshipe), widowhood; childinge ~, parturition; fallen upon ~ to be delivered, to come to the stage of giving birth; (c) a stage of physical development or growth; (d) one of a series of related or successive stages of spiritual development.
5.
(a) A period or phase of human existence, esp. with ref. to the fall of man and the coming of Christ; also, the human condition during such a period; ~ of innocence (innocencie), the prelapsarian condition; (b) a stage or period of Christ's existence, as divided into the period of his life as a man on earth and his eternal life in heaven; (c) a period or stage of human life, as divided into life before and after death; also, the human condition during such a period.
6.
A particular condition or phase: (a) the phase of full illumination of a heavenly body; (b) med. the crisis of a disease or morbid condition.
7.
Existence, being; haven (the) ~, holden ~, to be in existence, occur.
8.
Astron. Aspect of a heavenly body.
9a.
Religious status or standing: (a) with ref. to acceptance or observance of a system of religious belief and practice; ~ of cristendom, cristen ~, the state of being a Christian, Christianity; (b) with ref. to being in monastic orders; ~ of religioun, the status or position of a member of a monastic order; (c) with ref. to being in or out of clerical orders; also as term of association for priests [quot.: c1450]; ~ of clergie (leued man, prest); (d) with ref. to acceptance of the contemplative or the active life; also, with ref. to the acceptance of the solitary life.
9b.
(a) Economic status, financial condition or standing; (b) possessions, wealth; after his ~, according to his means.
10a.
(a) A person's position in society, one's station; rank or degree in the social, political, or ecclesiastical hierarchy; (b) office, esp. ecclesiastical office; (c) rank or position in the universal church, as that of apostle, prophet, etc.; (d) rank or position in the theological hierarchy of created beings; (e) binimen (putten oute of, reven) ~, to deprive (sb.) of (his) office or rank; bringen to ~, bring (sb.) to (his former) position or rank; holden ~, fig. take (a vice's) place; holden ~ thurgh, derive title to (one's) rank or office from (a superior); putten o ~, deprive (a people) of their heritage or position; recoveren ~, recover (one's) status as heir, regain (one's) heritage.
10b.
(a) Relative status, rank, or position; gret (heigh, litel, noble, etc.) ~; (b) high rank, high office, exalted position.
11.
(a) Authority, power; ~ of king, sovereignty; ~ real, royal authority; beren ~ in, to have supremacy on (the sea); (b) the office or authority of a sovereign, sovereign power; also as term of association for princes; haven the ~ of, to have the rule of (a country); (c) ?duty, responsibility, function.
12.
(a) A class of persons, esp. a social or occupational class or group; also, a member of a particular class or rank; (b) one of the major classes constituting the body politic and as such participating in the government; also, a member of such a class; states of this lond (the parlemente), the estates of this land (the Parliament), i.e., the clergy, the nobility, and the commons; states of the reaume, the estates of the realm; also, the peers of the realm [last quot.]; (c) one of the major classes constituting the church, regarded sometimes as a class of persons, sometimes as a form of living or status; also, any of the classes within the broad category of the clergy or a member of such a class [quot.: c1438].
13.
(a) A person of high rank, a noble, lord, etc.; one who holds an official position, a dignitary, local official, etc.; (b) the person occupying the seat of honor at a banquet; (c) a title of honor.
14.
(a) Splendor of array, ceremony, retinue, etc. appropriate to high rank or office; pomp; holden ~ of, to observe the celebration of (a holy day); (b) a seat or chair of honor; (c) a ceremonial fold in a tablecloth or napkin at either side of the seat of honor.
15.
Regard, esteem, honor; good reputation.
16.
A position; in knelinge ~, on the knees, in an attitude of worship; drauen up ~, ?to get up, get to one's feet.
17.
In misc. senses: (a) a kind, sort; (b) ?a guise, form; (c) ?demeanor; (d) in phrase: for mi ~, for my part, as far as I am concerned; (e) gram.?a state of being.
18.
Law (a) Legal right or title to property; also fig.; ~ makinge (yevinge, ayen-yevinge), the act or fact of granting or transferring a title to property; maken (a) ~, to give legal right or title; also, ?grant a reversionary title [quot.: 1470]; restoren to the ~ and possessioun to taken, reinstate (sb.) in the possession of a right to collect (a sum of money); (b) legal possession of property; (c) property, esp. inherited property; (d) ~ in fe, a heritable estate in land subject to feudal obligations; ~ (in) taille, an estate entailled or limited to some particular class of heirs; ~ terme of lif, an estate which terminates with the life of the holder, a life interest or estate.
19.
(a) As name of a horse; --?error for scot n.(3) or stot n.; (b) ?in surname.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1356/29 : Þe vnite of þe trinite in þre persones and oon God..moot be sole and singuler wiþoute piere, so þat þerinne may be styntynge state, quiete and reste of all vnites.
  • Note: Belongs to sense 1. (per REL) or sense 7. (per MM) with modified gloss: "a state of being".

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. state.