Middle English Dictionary Entry

sā̆d adj.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) Sated, surfeited; satisfied; ben ~ of, to be weary or tired of (sb. or sth.); (b) as noun: satiety, weariness.
2.
(a) Firmly established, fixed, settled; ~ foundement, firm foundation; cacchen so ~ a fot, to become so firmly established; maken ~, fix (sth.) firmly, establish; (b) of a parcel of land: ?marked out, with boundaries fixed; (c) of a person: firm, steadfast; constant; faithful, righteous; ben ~ in sinne, to be set in sinful ways; continuen ~ in feith, remain firm in faith; lasten ~ in, remain firm in (good purpose); (d) of belief, faith, etc.: steadfast; of laws, intent, a promise, etc.: firm, sure; of a rule: strict, firm; haven ~ feith, to have firm faith; maken ~, confirm (sth.), affirm, make good.
3.
(a) Hard, rigid; of ground: firm, unyielding; of a valley: ?rocky, rugged; of animal flesh: tough; (b) thick; maken ~, to condense (sth.); make (sth.) thick; compress (sth.); (c) heavy, weighty; (d) solid, not hollow or porous; dense, compact; of a wall or barrier: without an opening; of gold ~, of solid gold; (e) solid, as opposed to liquid or vaporous; also fig.; (f) of a number of persons or beasts: forming a compact body; in a ~ somme, in close rank; mani ~ hundred (thousand); (g) med. & physiol. of a part of the body, tissue, a morbid growth, etc.: firm, dense, solid; of a scar: hard; ben made ~, to be constipated.
4a.
Of a person, group of nuns: (a) grave, sober, serious; dignified, solemn; discreet, wise; stern; ?also, trustworthy [quot.: Godstow Reg.]; ~ tempred, moderate, sober; (b) ~ in apport (dede), ~ of bering (governaunce, manere, port), sober in behavior; ~ in (of) chere, ~ of contenaunce (lok, semblaunt), sober of look; ~ in word, ~ of saues, wise in speech; ~ of counseil, wise in judgment; ~ of wit, ?over subtle; (c) pensive, thoughtful; (d) skilled, learned; ful ~ of, well versed in (sth.).
4b.
(a) Of one's disposition, demeanor, countenance, etc.: sober, serious, grave; stern; also, unmoved, composed [quot.: c1395]; maken ~ chere, ?to assume an obstinate or inflexible attitude; (b) of a thought, daydream: sober, pensive; of words, counsel, reason, etc.: wise, considered; of a rebuke: stern; (c) of the heart, mind, will: sober, serious; of the wit: wise, discreet; (d) of discretion, learning, teaching, etc.: prudent, sober; in polite address: your ~ discreciouns (wisdoms); ~ sight (silence, soun), a sober sight (silence, sound); ~ treuthe, sincerity, seriousness; in ~ wise, in a sober manner; sadder yeres of discrecioun, a soberer age, an age of greater discretion; (e) maken a ~ purpos, to make a solemn vow.
5.
(a) Unhappy, sorrowful; (b) expressive of sorrow; (c) causing grief, lamentable; ~ sorwe, sorwe ~.
6.
(a) Of a person, a horse: powerful, mighty, strong; maken ~, to strengthen (sb.); (b) of a wall, tower, etc.: strong, sturdy; maken ~, to strengthen (sth.); (c) in sound condition, well; (d) safe, secure; of medicines: proven, reliable; (e) important.
7.
(a) Of a blow, sword stroke, etc.: hard, stout; ~ strok, strok ~; (b) of a touch or grip: firm; also, probing [1st quot.]; (c) of sleep: sound, deep; (d) of travail: hard, sore; of winter: bitter; (e) of fire: violent, blazing; ~ hete, intense ardor.
8.
(a) True, real, genuine; ~ treuthe, soth ~; stonden ~, to be true; (b) unmistakable, certain; (c) at ~ wordes, in plain words, truly.
9.
10.
Great, excessive; ~ age (elde), great age; ~ eting, excessive eating; in a ~ hast, in great haste; mani a ~ yer, many a long year; saddest solas, greatest happiness.
11.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)693 : Albon…Famous in knyhthood lik Iudas Machabe, As Scipion prudent & avisee, Off cheer benygne, discreete & vertuous, Yevyyng counseil sad & compendious.
  • Note: Additional quote(s)
  • (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.742 : Ox dong aboute her roote if that me trete, The pomes sadde & braune wil hit gete.
  • Note: Sense 3.(d) comes closest, but no application to fruit.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 7/1 : Turne þis broun rede colour þat is fatte [read: sadde] and derke into a fayre bryȝt reed colour.
  • Note: Antedates sense 9. New spelling: (error) fatte.
  • a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 58/6 : Late hem stonden and boyle vntil ȝe fynde hem so sadde on þe stikke as þe kynde and þe manere of blak sope is.
  • Note: = 'firm'. Need date, sense 2.(a).