Middle English Dictionary Entry
twīes adv.
Entry Info
Forms | twīes adv. Also twiese, twius, twiȝes, twis(e, twisse, twei(e)s, tweius, tuies, tuis(e, (N) twice, thwise & (early) twiges & (?error) tywes. |
Etymology | From twīe adv. & -es suf.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Two times, on two occasions; twice in succession; (b) a second time, for the second time, again; on the second occasion; (c) with qualifying phrase denoting frequency: ~ a dai (yer), ~ bi (in) the yer, ~ in (on, of) the dai, ech dai ~, etc., twice daily (annually, etc.); (d) eten ~, to eat two meals a day; also, be in a time of the year when fasting is not prescribed; (e) in a double form or manner, doubly.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1120 : Com þet leoht to Sepulchrum Dni innan Ierusalem twiges, ænes to Eastron, and oðre siðe to Assumptio sancte Marie.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17129 : Ne birrþ nohht Cristess þeww..wurrþenn Twa siþess borenn att te funnt, Ne wurrþenn twiȝess fullhtnedd.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4963 : Þer þai..tviies feld him on þe ston.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9047 : Rion..dede him tviis knely arawe, and almast hadde him yslawe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3721 : Loo, how loveli it alouted lowe to us twiȝes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4094 : Sche made a cercle aboute him thries, And eft with fyr of sulphre twyes.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)309 : Þo prest..sayes 'sanctus' thryese, 'In excelsis' he neuens twyese [vr. twyus].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5755 : Tuis moyses cald he be nam.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4143 : Twies [vr. Tweyes] he haþ þee ouercome.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.98 : The alderfirste word that hym asterte Was, twyes [vr. twiȝis] 'Mercy, mercy, swete herte!'
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)151/381 : On swilk maner he tyd hir thwise.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)24/15 : Þe citee of Damyete was..taken twys thurgh Cristen men.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1605 : 'Ay moȝt he lefe, ay moȝt he lefe,' quod ilka man twyse.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)90.67/2 : Take the soundes of stockfysch dry & lay hem in watyr iii days; & every day change the watyr twyyse.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)6.91 : Seynte Ethelreda..contynuede in virginite thauȝhe sche was mariede twyes.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.231 : Must us þan seyn twyys 'Ȝa' and twyys 'Nay'?
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16635 : Niss nan mann onn erþe Þatt muȝhe Godess riche sen butt he be borenn twiȝess.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16661 : Ȝuw iss alle mikell ned To wurrþenn borenn twiȝess.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3169 : Al her barouns sworen her oþe, No schuld þai neuer tviis eten Er þai of Arthour were awreken.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)4256 : Iosiane briȝt and schene, Now is ȝhe þer twies quene.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9169 : Ones, twyys, þryys, þus þey wroȝt, And alle here makyng was for noȝt.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick359b : We monysshe yow and yche oon of yowe ones, twyes, and thryes peremptoryly.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)85/21 : The king sent vnto her onis, tuyes, thries, and she denied not to come.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.15/4 : Robbers of goodes and wasters, if tweys and þe thirde tyme i-warned to satisfaccion wille not come, with the bonde of curse we bynde hym.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)142b : Helle se þat he criede so tweyus.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)34/362 : Now is this twyys com in, dame, on my frenship.
c
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.54 : Þat a ben tuuiȝes in þe ȝere iradde bifore þe poeple.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1738 : Twyes a [vr. on þe] day it passed thurgh his throte.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)580/18 : The reynebowe..is igendred by bemes of þe..mone..nouȝt but twies in fifty ȝere.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1351/27 : Þe sparwe leiþ and bredith twies a ȝere.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7213 : Twyys on þe day ys sustynaunce To man þat haþ gode cheuysaunce.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.74 : A-countes ȝelde to godemen of þe town, twyȝes by þe ȝere.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)45 : Þe bitches ben in joly in hure loue comonly twies in the yere, but þei haue no terme of her heet, for in euery tyme of þe yere som been joly.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)29/4 : Ye sal ete twise of þe day.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)3.58/22 : Aboue I put som mondificatyue & stupatz, & tuyez in þe day I change yt.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)55/34 : Drynk ix dayes twyse one þe day..ayther tyme a gude sponefull.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)110 : For cancres..he commaundeþ..to take rawe coul and stampe him and ley to eche day twyes fressh.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2602 : Twies a yere they repe her corn.
- ?c1450 in Aungier Syon Mon.372 : So ȝet that none take myxtom tywes [?read: twyes] a day, not any mete or drynke..saue only in the freytour.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.20.13a : Lord..y faste twyes in þe wouke, and y paye trewli mi tiþes.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6776 : Gretyng þou shalt seie to hem þore Twies on a day and no more.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)31/13 : And he a-noynte hym tuyes on þe day þer-with, hit schal helpe hym.
d
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4058 : Whan y ete twyys, Come þou home at hygh vndurne..And euery day when y faste, Come at þe noun.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)29/18 : It sal be sua þat..al be don by day..baþe when ye faste and when ye ete tuis.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)29/23 : Yef þe cuuent etis tuise, Als tite as tay rise fra þe supere, þan sal þai site wid ordir in þe cloistir.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.104 : Himm bidde icc..tatt he loke wel þatt he An bocstaff write twiȝȝess Eȝȝwhær þær itt uppo þiss boc Iss writenn o þatt wise.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)136 : He was gostliche of Fader and fleschliche of Moder, So þat he com twies forþ and bi two kuyndes.
2.
In expressions of multiplication: (a) two times (a given number); ~ on (ten, etc.); (b) ~ nombred (told), of a specified number: multiplied by two, doubled; ~ conteined, of a specified number: contained twice over (in another number); conteinen the nombre ~, to contain the number twice over, equal twice the number; (c) ~ as (so), twice as (fast, long, much); ~ the mone, two times the moon in size; ~ the worth, two times the worth, double the worth; in phrase used adverbially: that heighte ~, by twice that height; (d) with diminished force: in double measure, greatly.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16352 : Ȝiff þu takesst twiȝȝess an & ekesst itt till fowwre, Þu finndesst, butt a wunnderr be, Þe fulle tale off sexe.
- ?c1335 Sith Gabriell gan (Hrl 913)p.161 : Tak twies ten ifere; Þat wol be xxti fulle.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.41.6 : He matte the wall of the hous of sixe cubitis..The sydis forsothe..twyse [WB(2): tweies] three and thritti.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1362/30 : Tweyne conteyneþ twies oon and is double þerto.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.270 : In þe date of owre dryȝte..A þousande and thre hondreth tweis thretty & ten.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.397 : Langour of thise twyes dayes fyve We shal..foryete.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.889 : Ther shal nat oon to mercy gon on-lyve, Al were he lord of worldes twies fyve!
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)30/22 : 4 score..is twyes 40.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5637 : Twyse sex Semylacris sesid he þar-vndire.
- a1484 Treat.7 Lib.Arts (Trin-C R.14.52)1043/203 : Twies ij makith iiij.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.284 : Twyys þre is sexe.
b
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1362/30,33 : An nombre þat hatte multiplex conteyneþ þe lasse nombre twies or þries or foure siþes..and þe nombre submultiplex is ofte conteyned in þe more nombre, as oon is twies conteyned in tweyne & þries in þre.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5172 : Vpon my fyngirs fyue twies told I hadde ryngis.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)178 : Wiþ merkes of marchauntes y-medled bytwene, Mo þan twenty and two twyes y-noumbred.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)36/8 : Þanne wyle he zelle þe derrer, tuyes oþer þries zuo moche þane þet þing by worþ.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)145a/b : Take..halfe ane ounce oile of rose and vinegar þat sufficeþ and put in nowe of þe tone and nowe of þe toþer..so þat þer be twyes so moche of rosen as of þe vineger.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)55/31 : Tak a gud porcyon of violett & twise als mekill of avance.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3988 : Thre cubettis fra þe croune doun his cors had a lenghte; Þe person of ser Porrus past him þat hiȝt twyse.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)72 : To temper asure, grynd hit one a stone, with the thyrdyndele of gume and twyse so mych of water.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)152b/b : A man schal and may ete twies so myche at morn as at euen.
- c1480 *Medulla (Pep 2002)31a : Bislongus: twyes so [Hrl 2270: as] long.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)74/320 : Or thay flytt oght far vs fro, We shall þem bond twyse as fast.
- a1500 Ipotis (Trin-C B.2.18)121/37 : Þe leest sterre of euerychone Is as moche..As all myddelerth of lenþe & brede..þan is þe sonne..As moche as twys þe mone.
d
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4152 : Nouȝt þou schust make hucking, Ac þou schust hote hem bere forþ And tviis ȝiue me þe worþ.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)764/28 : And hyt happyn an envyous man onys to wynne worshyp, he shall be dishonoured twyse therefore.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3342 : If thu will not follow myn avise..thu may..repent it twyes That thu hast askid of this lande trevage.
3a.
In misc. combs.: ~ akenned, of Christ: doubly begotten or brought into being, of two natures; ~ baken bred, twice-baked bread; also fig.; ~ boren, twice born (in birth and at baptism); also, reborn (in baptism), born again; ~ ded, doubly dead, dead twice over, dead physically and spiritually; ~ deied cokke, twice-dyed red cloth; ~ parted, of a charter: indented in duplicate; ~ wedded, having been married twice; also, bigamous; also fig.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17006 : Nan mann ne maȝȝ Ben borrȝhenn att hiss ende Butt iff he twiȝȝess borenn be, Firrst off hiss kinn, & siþþenn Att hallȝhedd funnt.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)227 : Þat cild his twies acenned; he is acenned of þe feder on hefene buton elcer moder, and eft þaðe he man ȝewarð þa was he acenned of þe clene meidene.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)112/1 : Is þet bread tuies y-bake [Vices & V.(2): bisquit], huermide he astoreþ his ssip, þet is, holy cherche.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.19.6 : To þe flaume ȝe sholyn take cedre..& ysope & cook twyes dyȝyd [alt. to: fijr red silc; WB(2): reed threed died twies].
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)167/21 : Wo to hem þat..ben..'trees wiþoute rote, twies dede'.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)388/13 : Sethe ham..with fenel and with anete and wiþ twyes-baken [*Ch.(1): bis cocte] brede and with a litel of salte.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)462 : No man schulde be a bischop neither deken..if he hadde be twies weddid; that is..if he hadde had oon wijf and sche hadde be deed and he hadde eftsoone take an other wijf..ellis ther myȝte no dispensacioun be mad bi man, that eny man tweies weddid schulde be a preest.
- c1450(c1398) Paris St.Christina (Arun 168)323 : Þou has ordeynde thus for me As twys borne childe that were righte yonge.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.206/11 : To this writyng, in-to A maner of A charter twyys partid, euerych to other the parties haue i-put there sealys.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.240 : Þu art bigamus and twyys weddit, first to Crist in þin bapteme and aftir to þe fend be assent of synne.
- ?c1460 *Medulla (Add 33534)22a/a : Biothanatus: þt is twies ded vel bis dampnatus [Hrl 1738: bis mortuus vel dampnatus].
3b.
In misc. phrases: (a) ~ biforen, ones and ~, on two previous occasions [transl. of L semel et bis]; also, freq. with somewhat diminished force: ~ or thrice, ~ other thre times, ones or (other) ~, etc., two or three times, once or twice, a few times, occasionally; also, more than once, several times, repeatedly; (b) not ones ne ~, not..ones ner ~, more than twice, no few times; not merely once or twice; also, not even once or twice, not at all [last quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)30/14 : Heo schal habben leaue to openen hire þurl enes oðer twies [Corp-C: twien].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)35/11 : Hi wylleþ rekeny tuyes oþer þries þet yer uor to do arise þet gauel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.20.30 : Þe sonys of israel puttyn busshementis bi þe enuyrown of þe cite of gabaa, & Þe þredde siþe as oonys & twyes [WB(2) vr. tweis bifore] aȝenst Benjamyn þe host broȝtyn forth.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Phil.4.16 : To Tessalonyk ȝe senten oonis and twyes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8467 : Þe abbot asked hym ones or twyys; At þe laste þe ermyte seyd hys auys.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)49/9 : He..is y-holde..to offre ones, twies, oþer þryes in parische chirche.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)174/9 : Þei schryuen hem & howselen hem euermore ones or twyes in the woke.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)11 : Take a straynoure & hange it on a pynne, an caste ale þer-to, an let renne twyis or þryis throgh, tyl it renne clere.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)166/6 : Rubbe þin face with þe powdre..twyes or thryes and þanne wasch þin face..and þou schalt be fayre.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)230/12 : Þis thief drew agayn, & he held; and þus þai did twice or thrice.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.47/22 : If oony persone..will tempte frowardly to come agaynste hit, twyis or thryis i-warned..lete hym know hym-selfe gilty.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)215/19 : Thes three..ran thorowoute the grete oste twyse other three tymes.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)194/2 : If þe childe breke þe first..comaundement or þe ije, oonys or twies or oftir or how euer oft he do so, þe fadir wole not forsake þe childe.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.180 : Dishese fallith to hem onys or tweyys aftir swyche dremys.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)58/23 : Do noght þat ofte, but twyes or thryes yn þe ȝeer.
- a1500(1471) *Ripley CAlch.(Ashm 1486)1873 : Egges-schelles I calcenyd twyse [vr. twysse] or thryes.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3980 : A man þat is wys Shal ete ones a day or twys.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4247 : Whanne a wicked womman haþ miswroght..Men shal hir warne twise or þrise Wiþ faire wordes.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 6.10 : He waitede hym þere not ones ne twyes.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)231/21 : But if I expresly, not oones ne twyes but oftetymes, make opene þe defautis of þi neiȝbore in þi soule, þou schalt neuere telle it.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)40/31 : Bihoueþ vs not ones ne twyes, but vs bihoueþ euer yliche þis bred to begge.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)136 : If they wolde to Flaundres passe forth bye, They schulde not be suffrede ones ner twyes For supportynge of oure cruell enmyes.
4.
In proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.3049 : Senek seith that he that ouercometh his herte ouercometh twies.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.48 : Sothly me semith better to writen unto a child twyes a god sentence than he forgete it onys.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)144 : Wed betyme, þus says þe wyse, For he þat dose betyme, he dose twyse.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)894 : Thyng yoven be tyme is yoven twise.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.Win.(GoughETop 4)177/14 : Þoȝe a good tale be twys tolde, hit is þe bettyr to lernen and forto vndurstond.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)498 : Some thinges oons by tyme doon Ben worthe twyes other thing ouergoon.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6962 : For good dede shal haue no respite, He dooth it twies þat dooþ it as tite.
5.
As noun: (a) a second time, two occasions; (b) the word 'twice'.
Associated quotations
a
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)116 : Make a plaster of þe innest pelyng of hempe..& ley that to þe enpostume a twyes or thryes and remene a day.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)59/3 : Smere hit with hony in þe somerys day an twyes, and in þe wynter day bote ones.
b
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)21/15 : On is betokened be an aduerbe, þe quych is þe worde 'twyes' & þis word 'thryes'..& so furth of such other lyke wordes.
6.
As adj.: repeated two times (in a year); also, twofold.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)111b/b : Gouernaunce preseruatif..is complete with twiez or thriez [Ch.(2): twofolde or with þrefolde] purgacioun in þe ȝere.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)185/5541 : Bi god and bi my trouthe, this oth is twise.
7.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1411) Pat.R.Hen.IV252 : John Twysontheday.
- (1485) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames358 : Thomas Twyssaday.