Middle English Dictionary Entry
sẹ̄then v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | sẹ̄then v.(1) Also seth(e(ne, seith, sīth(e(n, cethen, sede(n, zeoth(en, zeotheon, (chiefly early) seoth(e(n, (early) seod, soð, seit & (error) seoh. Forms: sg.3 sẹ̄theth, etc. & sẹ̄th(e(t; p.sg. sēth(e, sī̆th, sōthe, (early) seað, (early SW) seoth & sẹ̄thed(e; pl. sēth, sōthe(n, sōde(n, sōdun, zōde, (early SWM) sude(n & sẹ̄thed(e(n & (error) sothey; ppl. i)sōde(n, isōdeen, i)sod(de(n, i)sōthe(n, izeoden, sōden(n)e, -ein, -on, -un, -ǒun, sōth(ene, -un, soithen, sōten, sǒuden, sī̆then & isọ̄de & (early) ȝesode(n(e, (early SWM) izōde, (early infl.) ȝesodena, -denum, -done, -tone & (early error) ȝeesodone. |
Etymology | OE sēoþan, sg.3 (WS) sȳþ, p. sēaþ, pl. sudon, ppl. soden & gesēoþan, p.ppl. gesoden. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. forsethen v., samsoden adj.
1.
(a) Of a liquid, a substance: to be heated to the boiling point, boil, seethe; of solid food: be boiled in a liquid; of a person: be immersed in a boiling substance; of a vessel: be heated until the contents boil, be filled with a boiling substance; ~ up, well up in boiling, bubble up; ppl. sethinge, extremely hot, boiling; sethinge hot; (b) to boil (a liquid), heat to the boiling point; also, boil (a pot); also, ppl. soden as adj.; (c) to boil (sth., a substance) in a liquid, make a decoction of (sth.) by boiling or seething; also fig.; ~ up, boil (sth.) until the liquid rises; -- also without obj.; (d) to prepare food by boiling or stewing; (e) to cook (food) by boiling or stewing; -- also without obj.; also fig.; also, boil (human flesh, a bodily part, substances) for use as food; ~ up; ppl. soden as adj.: boiled or stewed; also, as noun: boiled food [last quot.]; neshe soden, lightly or partially cooked; (f) ~ hard, to hard-boil (an egg); ~ neshe, soft-boil (an egg); half soden eiren, soft-boiled eggs; hard) soden eiren, eiren (hard) soden, eiren soden hard, hard-boiled eggs; (g) to boil (bones, a part of the body) until the flesh is removed; ~ awei flesh, ~ flesh from the bon, boil flesh from the bone; (h) to reduce (a liquid) by boiling, boil away, cook down by boiling; ~ awei (in); ~ to the halven-dele (thridde part, etc.), boil (sth.) down to one half (one third, etc.); ~ unto the half; ppl. soden as adj.: boiled down; (i) to torture (sb., the consecrated Host, a soul in Purgatory) by boiling; boil (sb.) to death; (j) to prepare or produce (sth.) by boiling; also, ppl. soden as adj.; (k) fig. of a person: to be tossed about in turbulent water; of a liquid: bubble or foam as if by boiling.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)384 : A Caudron he liet fulle With eoyle [Corp-C: seoþinge eoly]; he liet it seoþe [Vrn: seþen] faste.
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (Hrl 2277)144 : Þo nomen hi..pich & brimston..& vpe hire tendre bodi naked al seoþinge [Ld: al-fuyri] gonne hit caste.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)52.44/2 : Nim chykenen & scald heom & hew am to mossels, & do am to zeoþeon.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)57.62/1 : Nim hostrees & mak am zeoþen.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)162/3455 : He let felle a led Ful of pich and of bremston..Whan hit alþer swiþer seþ [vrr. sethyd, dede seþe], Þemperur þar in a deþ.
- a1350(a1325) SLeg.Cec.(Ashm 43)229 : Me caste hire In þe seþende water; þer-Inne al nyȝt heo seþ..Wiþ þe walmes heo sat & pleide & prechede of godes grace.
- c1390 11 Pains(3) (Vrn)255/133 : He sauh..Blake Maydens in Blac cloþing, And þei sodun, euerichon, In wellyng pich and Brumston.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200a/a : If þou doost þis stoon in seþyng [L feruentem] water..þe water keleþ soone.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)186/23 : Make herof a poudre & tempere hem togidere wiþ seþing hoot [L feruentissima] water.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)158b/b : For mannes legge or arme þat is cutt off, make oyle seþinge; take þe stumpe & putte þer inne & so staunche þe bloode.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)456 : Cast hom into the pot and let hom sethe up with the mylk.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)147/12 : Take a swalowes nest and make it to seþe [*Ch.(1): boile; L bullire] longe in water.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)32 : Whan þe ley is seþin hot, caste þe Pesyn þer-to.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)192 : Do..þy lycour in to þe pot & let set hyt on þe fuyre..& make hyt seþyngge hot, but let hyt not seþe.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)46/7-8 : Do hem in a potte and sette þat potte in anoþer potte sethynge, and þe breth of þee sethynge potte schal rysyn in-to þe kyrnell or [read: of] þe almaundis, and þat wyll be-comyn oyle.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.46 : Ȝif þou have salt flesshe sethand..Take a fresshe pece oute of þo pot.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)78 : Whanne hit hathe sodyne awhyle, take hit fro the fyre.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)31/13 : Domician..made put hym yn a brasyn tonne full of oyle..when he had long sothen þeryn..þen þe Emperour bade apon þe tonne; And..Ion come out of þe oyle..hole and..sond.
b
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)56.56/11 : Do þi crouhe to þe vure & seoþ hit wel.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)67/1440 : Barli bred he et for gode, And barli water, þat was isode.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)33b/a : Whanne it is ful soden, þanne þe wyne is most clere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)123a/b : Ȝif it nediþ to drynke watir þat tyme, Constantyn counseiliþ to seþe it first, þat it may be clensid & purgid by boylynge.
- (1419) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)99/6 : Bothe englisshmen & Aliens, in..harme of alle the Peple..vsyn within þis Citee þair wyne of spayne, Rochell, & oþer remenauntz of brokyn, sodyn, reboyllid, and vnthrifty wynes of oþer Contrees, whan þei are feblyd in colour & noght in value, to put yn diuers buttys and oþir vessels..rasyd and gummyd with picche, code, & oþir horrible & vnholsome þinges, for to reduce and bryng ayen, in disceyte of þe peple, a plesaunt colour to þe sight.
- a1450 Liber Cophonis (Add 34111)69/615 : Men most vse drenc þat [?read: þat is] souden.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6648 : Brede make of berley or Elles of ote..ys his mete, and water sode Ys his drynke.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)91/28 : For þe cancre: Take sope and schalk..and leye it to þe soor and wasche it with sothyn lye.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)78 : Take v galonis of old urine and do sethe hit overe the fyre to hit be clere.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)33/16 : Gif mannes innoð to fast si, drica þe wyrt ȝesode on werma wætera on nihnichsiȝ.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)45/8 : Nim þeos wyrt, seod on wine.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)93/8 : Nim þisse wyrt, seoh on huniȝe.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)133/16 : Nim þissan wyrt..gnid þane swyðe smale, ȝesotone leȝe on þa wunda; & þanne ðæt dolȝ open si, nim þa wyrt ȝeesodone..meng wyd huniȝ, læcna þa wunda þarmid.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)177/7 : Wid eaȝena sare ȝenim þas wyrt ȝesodena.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)179/13 : Nim þa wyrt, soð on ele &..smyre hine þarmid.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)189/5 : [OE: Þeos sylfe wyrte] þæra breosta sar..mid wine ȝesodenum ȝeh[æ]leð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)213/8 : Ȝenim þisse wirte..on ele ȝesodone & wiþ wex ȝemencged.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)31/25 : Þanne scealt þu niman pollegian and seoð hy on watere.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)33/9 : Nim..cicenamete ane handfulle and þry æpple of celidonia..ane healfne sester wynes and seoþ hi, fort hy beon wel ȝesodene.
- c1300 SLeg.Cuth.(LdMisc 108)53 : Nim..þe milk of one kov..Iuys of smal-Ache do þar-to and..ȝwetene flour; Seoth it to-gadere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.227 : She wolde brynge Wortes or othere herbes..The whiche she shredde and seeth [vrr. siþ, setheth, sethed, did siþe] for hir lyuynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257b/a : Violette y-soden [L decocte] in water wiþ hony laxeþ and neischeþ þe wombe.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)135/24 : Þe furste oynement þat þe soule hauinge mony sinnes makeþ..is whanne she bigynneþ to þenke hure yuel weies..and gedereþ togederes and pouneþ in a morter of hure conscience monye and diuerse bitter spices of hure synnes, and wiþinne þe pot of hure brenninge herte seþeþ hem alle togedere wiþ fuyr of sorew and penaunce.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)26b : Garlek..wiþ centory i-sode..helith for þe dropsy..yf hit be sod wiþ benys..þer wiþ rubbe þe hede in the templis for þe hede ache.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)170b/a-b/b : If þou seþ it but a litil, it is ane oynement, and ȝif þu seþ it more, it is ane emplaister.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)63/25 : Wesche his fete in warme water þat þe whitte chessebolle & letouse hase bene sothen in.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)118/29 : Yno was a quene, þe which made sodein corne to be sowen, the which come not vp.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)180/10 : Þis herbe, ȝef it be sotyn and etyn..is good to maken a man laxatyf.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)94/2 : He takeþ þe roddes þat be kitte and seeþ [vr. seþe] hem in water in a clene potte, and þe bawme swymmeþ aboue þe water.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)497/9 : He had on a payr of new buttows, and þai wer al to-revyn..and þe solis war lyke as þai had bene sodden in hate watir.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)74/190 : Take sawge..comyn, and pepir and seith hem togedir with hony.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)117a/b : Caste þerto a quantite of Gyngir and anoþir of canel and a litil of saffron and seþe it vp al togidere.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)21a/13 : Take a medecyne of whet mele and hony and water sothen [L bullitis] to gydyr to þe ende.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)32b/22 : Make a nomentacion water in whiche haue bene sodon Roses withe a litill salt.
d
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.383 : He koude rooste and sethe and broille and frye, Maken mortreux and wel bake a pye.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2263 : The air off metis and off baudi cookis Which off custum alday roste and seede..He loued weel.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1501 : Now styward, j commaunde þee..Makes oure mete wiþouten let, Wheþer ȝe wole seþe or brede.
e
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)40/25 : He nam pich & hrysel & pu nede [read: punede] togædere, & mid byrsten gemængde, & berede to weleren, & seað heo swyðe, & sealde þan drace.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)23/7 : Syle hym ceruillan etan and fæt flæsc, þæt beo wel ȝesoden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10467 : Þat orf þat heo nomen al heo sloȝen..and suden [Otho: sude] and bradden.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)548/30 : Coctus: isod.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Horst.)161 : Hi makede fur & soden [Corp-C: sode; Ashm: zode] hem fisch in a caudroun.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)646 : Ich makede me fuyr faste Ant seth [Hrl:Wright: seoth] me fisch a-godes name.
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)1049 : Gywes ne eten of swynes flechs..rau ne i zode, For heore lawe it haueth for bode.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)48.25/1 : Vihs isodeen in win & water & saffron.
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)52.44/3 : Nim chykenen & scald heom..& qwen abeoþ izeoden, nym þe ȝolc of ey, [etc.].
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)57.61/4 : Nym woelkes..let grind hem wel..& soþþen zeoþ hit in milke of alemauns oþur of cou.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8447 : So muche honger hii adde þer..Þat hii sode þe saracens & þat fless ete.
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)62.1/2 : Nym clene wete & bray it in a morter wel..& seyt yt til yt breste.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.18.7-8 : He..toke þens acalf most tender..& ȝaf a child þe which hyede & seþide [vr. sethede; L coxit] it, & toke butter & mylk & þe calf þe which he hadde ysoþen [vr. sothun] & sette beforn hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.6.19 : He shal..putte opon þe fuyr..a sholder sodyn [vrr. sooden, soothen; WB(2): sodun] of þe weþer.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.14.26 : Danyel toke picche and fatnesse and heris and seethide [L coxit] to gydre..and ȝaue in to mouthe of the dragoun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.901 : Thise shrewes ne holden hem nat apayed of roosted flessh and sode flessh with which the peple feden hem in greet reuerence, but they wole haue raw flessh of folkes wyues and hir doghtres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)249b/a : Some makiþ fuyre þer wiþ and bakeþ breed þer with and sitheþ mete.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6081 : It sal noght siþen be bot bred, þis lamb þat þai of sal be fedd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13373 : Þe folk þat dai ful fair was fedd O bred and flexs bath soþen [Frf: soiþen] and bredd.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.288 : Peter fisched for his fode and his felawe andrewe; Some þei solde and some þei sothe [vrr. soþen, seþ, sethed, sothey], and so þei lyued bothe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.425 : Ac fresshe flesshe other fisshe, whan it salt failleth, It is vnsauory, for soth, ysothe [vr. ysoothe] or ybake.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Num.11.8 : Manna was as the seed of coriaundre..And the puple..gaderide it, and brak..ether pownede in a morter, and sethide [vr. seetheden] in a pot, and made therof litle cakis.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)119b/a : Þe pacient moste abstene fro growel & wortes & fro soþen beffe & porke and fresch fleische.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)455 : Take and sethe up the rys with the mylke.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)91/16 : Dowtyr..þu..cleuyst as sore on-to me as þe skyn of stokfysche cleuyth to a mannys handys whan it is sothyn.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4030 : He dede ther membris..roste & seede, And with this viaunde most abhomynable He made me be serued at the table.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)67 : Cethyn mete: Coquo, decoquo.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)454 : Sethyn [Win: Seþine] or sethe mete: Coquo.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)465 : Sothe mete [Win: Sothmete]: Bulcibarium.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)16 : Take þe Lyuerys of Codlyngys, Haddok, Elys..or Freysshe Mylwell hedys..an sethe hem in fayre Water..take þe brothe..þe lyuerys wer sodoun in..on fayre brede & draw þorw a straynoure.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3586 : A knyȝt brouȝte ffro þe kechyn An hed soden off a Sarezyn!
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)168/10 : He gat þis falcon of his lordis & slew itt and sothe itt & ete itt.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)70 : Whan it is y-sodden ynogh, drawe it thorgh a Streynour.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)90 : Take Muscules And sith hem.
- (1474) Stonor1.143 : Item, calvis hedis and sode beeff.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)23/4 : Putte þerine fleisch of a cok, neysch soden & sotilly brayed.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.29 : When hit is sothyne, take oute þe bonus.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)247 : Þe Emperour smote oute fire of a stone and seþe his mete.
- c1500 Men may leue (Trin-C R.3.19)50 : And som wold haue A saltyd tost, For they myght ete neyther sode ne rost.
f
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)63.6/3 : Nym hard sodyn eyryn & hew þe wyte smal.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)275/10 : He mai ete eiren þat ben neische soden [L mollia in aqua cocta].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)338/4 : Do þerto ij ȝelkis of eiren soden hard.
- c1400 Sln.468 Cook.Recipes (Sln 468)88.23/5 : Tak harde soþen eyren & kepe þe ȝelkes hole & hacke smale þe white.
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)140.187/2 : Take pork..grynde it smale wiþ soden ayren.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)173/4 : In staunchynge of þe akþe, fomentacioun of malues and henbane is graunted, and softe plastres wiþ..cromme of white brede..medled wiþ ȝolkes of half-soden [L semicoctorum] eyren.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)32 : Take & seþe hard Eyroun & take þe ȝolkys & choppe hem smal.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)46 : Take hard ȝolkys of Eyroun soþin.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)81 : Take yolkes of eyeron hard y-sodde and hew hem smale.
- c1450 Rwl.Cook.Recipes (Rwl D.1222)155.21/5 : Take þe whyte of þe soden eyren & myce hit smale & cast þerto, [etc.].
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.39 : Ȝolke of egge þen shalt þou take That harde is soþun.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.49 : Sethe thritte egges harde.
g
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9164 : King henryes brain & gottes & eyen ibured were At reins in normandie, & suþþe þe boned [vr. bones] hii bere, Wel iselt & isode, to þe abbeye of redinge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.165 : In a boon of a wethres riȝt schuldre, whan þe flesche is aweye..sode and nouȝt i-rosted, þey knoweþ what haþ be do, is i-doo, and schal be doo..as hit were by a spirit of prophecie.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.24.5 : The boonus ben ful sothen [L discocta] in the mydil therof.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)10b/b : Þer be 7 bonez of þe potte of þe heued, & þus bene þay nombred of þe heuedes of dede men sothen with boilyng water & diuided.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)153/17 : Þe sonne gers sethe [Man.(3): sethet] his fader heued, and þe flesch þeroff he partez amang his speciale frendez.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2817 : Home than shal that hede be sent And ben sodene anone verement.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)385 : The ij deuyls tokyn..the man ande the woman..and Caste hem into a Cawderon and helde hem there till the fleshe was sothyn fro the bone.
h
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)53/5 : Seoðe þisse wyrte walen on wætere to þriddan dæle.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)25/13 : Nim..anne sester fulne wines ane and pundes ȝewyht eles; meng þane eall togadere and seoð hit swa swyðe, þæt þæs wines and þæs eles ne sy na mære, þane ær wæs þæs eles.
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)64 : Tac brasyl and seoth in dichwatur to the halfendel other to the thridde partie.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.25 : Þere beeþ salt welles fer fram þee see..Þe water of þese welles, whan hit is i-sode, torneþ in to smal salte.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)139b/b : Medicynez stupefactyuez..ar..As..piperis, aze fetide..confecte with sapa coagulat, i. soden wyne; And be it put vp on þe akyng toþe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)373/26 : Take 7 bakkes..and putte ham in a cawdroun wiþ raynewater and cover it and sethe it vnto þe half.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)189/10 : Tak..of hony a quantyte and sethe it in water to þe thryd part.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)218/11 : Þe same water be ny soden a-wey.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)201 : Boyle þeke tweyne to aquart, & þenne tak..jus of red fenel..of grene bayes..anoþer quart, & seþe hem ageyn to anoþer quart.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)139/2 : Þen take fynkyll and alwm, and sethe þem longe to-geder, to þat a potyll be sodynne to a qwarte.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)84 : To make rede water: take brasylle..and put hit into an erthyne potte with ly made of lyme..and sethe hit to the halvendele.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)85 : Do hit into an erthyne potte to halfe be sodyn away.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)168/16 : Ordeyn a cler fyr and sette þis medycyne vppon yt tylle þe thyrd part of þe watyr be sodyn inne [Lambeth: be lytild away; L diminuatur].
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)4/5 : Hit most be soden to the wast of half.
i
- a1325 SLeg.Cross (Corp-C 145)180/29 : Þer inne he seþ þe godeman forte he weri was.
- a1350(a1325) SLeg.Cec.(Ashm 43)220 : Þe screwe..het þis maide take..& a gret fur make & þer ouer a led uol of water, & al amidde hire caste, & seþe hire.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)31/14 : Domician..send aftyr Ion and made put hym yn a..tonne full of oyle..But when..all men went he had ben sothyn to pesys..And..þe tonne was openet, Ion come out of þe oyle..hole and..sond.
- c1450 Stations Rome(1) (Clg A.2)275 : A sowle fro purgatorye wynne þou may..Where he yn oyle soden was.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)939 : We toke that blyssyd bred so sownd And in a cawdron we dyd hym boyle..And so dyd we seth hym in oyle.
j
- a1450 3 KCol.(1) (Roy 18.A.10)95/17 : Þis bawme is no-þing so vertuous..as þe bawme þat droppeþ oute of þe roddys whan þei be kitte..þis is cleped rawe bawme, and þat oþir is clepyd sode bawme.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)128/73 : Yett have I not all donne that I have to done to seeth salve for our sheepe.
k
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.323 : Oon Solutarius sigh hym boyle and seþe [Higd.(2): to be drownede; L demergi] in Ulkanus his crokke in þe ilond Liparis bysides Sicilia, þere he boilleþ [Higd.(2): the see or water seethe; L mare..fervescit] as it were a caudron.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257a/b : Strong vynegre y-do vpon yren or vpon þe colde grounde boyleþ and seþiþ [L ebullit] anon.
2.
(a) To be very hot; (b) to fire (tile), burn (a mineral); ppl. soden, fired, baked; burned; (c) to cook with dry heat; cook (sth.) with dry heat, bake, roast; also fig.; half-soden, half-baked; (d) fig. to refine (sb. or sth.) by heat, purify; ~ oute.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)171/10 : Þe heete of þe lyuere makiþ þe stomac to seþe as fier makiþ a furneis to seþe.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.11.3 : Commiþ and make we tyle stonnez, & seeþe [WB(2): bake] we hem with fyer.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)15a/b : Coctilis: soden.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)177b/a : Calx is a stone sothen or baken [Ch.(2): ibrent].
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.97 : The mater of whiche walle was made of sodde [L cocto] tyle stones mixte with pycche.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)2.249 : Nemproth..son of Chus, the son of Cham..made to theyme an hie towre of sodde tyle ston, made sure with pycche.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.19.3 : He made a feeste, seeþide [WB(2): bakide; L coxit] þerf brede, & þey eeten.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.7.4 : Alle doynge auoutrie, as fourneice kyndlid of a man seethinge [WB(2): of a bakere; L a coquente].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.7.6 : Al niȝt he slepte seethinge hem.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29b/a : Hete defieþ and seþiþ rawe þinges & ripiþ grene þinges & makeþ fruyt ripe.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)96/23 : This brede..is made of þe same paste þat we beþ of, and for vs hit is soden and fried: soden in þe blessid wombe of the virgyne Marye and fried in his owne precious blood.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)91/33 : Take henbane and do hardily, for þe herbe þerof soden in hote aschen..lisseth þe akþe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)103/23 : The beste mytigatyf for akþe and for brennynge is made..of þe rootes of henbane, wrapped in herbes and soden vnder þe coles.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)167/5 : Þe burges sayd..'we hafe bod litle bread'..And þai ij tuke in cowncell..at þai sulde take þis flowr & make it all in a lafe & sethe itt.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)167/12 : Þis husband..tuke þis lafe halfe-soden & eete it.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.1.25 : I shal turne myn hond to þee; & I shal sethen out [L excoquam] to þe pure þi dros.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)18/11 : With seknesse and tribulaciouns, Crist, þe gode goldsmyþ, seþeth away fro his gold, þat he hath boght so dere, þe foule rust of synne.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.48.10 : With my preysyng Y schal refreyne thee, lest thou perische.....Y haue sode [WB(1): out bake] thee, but not as siluer; Y chees thee in the chymeney of pouert.
3.
Physiol. (a) Of the stomach: to carry on the process of digestion; of food in the stomach: be digested; (b) to digest (food); (c) to heat (blood in the body); transform (blood) by means of heat; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)149b/b : The mirdrommel..haþ two wombes; in þat on onlich he fongiþ mete, and in þat oþir onliche he seþeþ and defieþ.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)70/31 : Þat party ys moor fleshly and next to þe lyure, þurgh whilk hete þe metys sethyn [L decoquuntur].
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in JHMAS 23 (Lnsd 793)p.171 : Mete that a man ete shal Gadreth to the stomak..And with drinke sinketh therynne, And thanne to sethe it wole bigynne.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)56a/b : Þe stomak..is byclippid in one place with þe lyuour to haue of þe lyuour þe more hete to seþe mete & drinke.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)201/12 : Whanne þe mete falliþ into a mannes stomac..þan in þe stomak þe mete is soden.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)151/16 : Þan is þe stomak made stronge to seeth [Lambeth: defye] þe mete þat is with-inne.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)71/35 : Þe stomak comeþ feble and losyth his strengthe to fully sethe [Ashmole: digest] þe mete.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)80/21 : Swylk wyn..comfortys þe stomak & afforcys þy kendly hete..helpys to difye..it ledys þe mete & sethis it.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in JHMAS 23 (Lnsd 793)p.171 : Mete that a man ete shal Gadreth to the stomak..And whanne it is sothen wel..In five partie delte it is.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)34a/a : If blod is wel I-sode [L coctus] & defied, þerof men makeþ wel talogh.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)275b/b : Mylk is not elles but blood ofte y-sode, and þerfore Cameles mylk is salt in sauour and scharp.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)318a/b : Whanne þe childe may nought for hugenesse ben y-fedde by þe nauel, þanne kynde ordeigneþ him mylk of menstrual blood that comeþ of þe pappes and tetes and is there defyed and ysode.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)106/33 : The verray vdymya is made of a natural flewme þat is no þing elles þan rawe blood or ful litel soden.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)205 : In me is no more blood of Ire; Charitee hath remeeved it and soden [F cuit] in to whyt milk for commune profite.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)307 a/b : Þis chaungynge of colour comeþ of…hete of þe sonne þat seþeþ þe substance of fruyte in dyvers maner wise.
Note: This sense doesn't seem to be attested in sẹ̄then v.(1) per MG
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)66/340 : For þe membris not parfytle soþin ne digest, þe fode ne turnys not into þare substance, into þare kynd, as þai suld do.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)96/975 : For of lede þat is cald of kynd be moltyn, or lyle þat is hat & moyst in kynd be sodyn or bakyn or rostyd, it is bod þe violence of oþer thyngys fra withowtward.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)605/3-4 : Sche was kyndelede with so grete a fervour þat here face and here handdys semede of coulour chaungede in manere of a sodeyn crabbe whiche chaunges coloure whn itt es sodyne or bakyne.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1400 Harv.lat.235 Artist.Recipes (Harv lat.235) 293/2 : Temper it with strong lighe, and let it sede a god lange wyle.
Note: Additional quot., prob. sense 1.(c). Example of listed spelling.
- a1500 Sln.122 Artist.Recipes (Sln 122) 117/21 : Take a potel of reed vynegre, and an vnce of brasil..and seethe hem with vynegre in an erthen pot.
- c1400 Harv.lat.235 Artist.Recipes (Harv lat.235) 293/7 : Forto make blak colour, take þe drastes of ynke and pute alum þerinne, and set ham togedere a god wyle, and drawe it þour a clod, and do awey þe drastes.
Note: New spellings (seethe & set).
- a1400 Roy.17.A.3 Artist.Recipes (Roy 17.A.3) 237/22 : Take a lytil quantite of gallis and grynde it wel togider, and..put it into water and sette it ouer þe fier til it be sew.
Note: = 'seethed'. New spelling (ppl. adj.) sew.