Middle English Dictionary Entry

rē̆sǒun n.(2)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
(a) The intellectual faculty, intellectual power or capacity, reason; -- also pl.; light of ~; (b) the exercise of the intellectual faculty, act or process of reasoning; mental processes, thought; logical consideration or speculation; also, the mind; in (of) his ~, in his mind; oute (outraged) of ~, out of one's mind with fury, raging mad, beside oneself; ben changed in the ~, to exhibit mental disturbance; (c) wisdom, sound judgment, good sense; also, normal or sound power of mind, sanity; ~ right, good judgment; ful) of ~, sensible, wise; in his ~, in his wisdom, wisely; haven (understonden) ~, to be sensible; i)sen ~, see reason (in sth.), see the sense (of sth.); reformen to ~, restore (sb.) to sanity; (d) will, intent; setten ~ on, to set (one's) intent on (sth.); (e) understanding, comprehension, knowledge; (f) as a personified virtue: Reason; dame (damisele) ~.
1b.
In phrases: (a) connen (haven, knouen) ~, to possess the power of reason, be intelligent; losen (lakken) ~, lose one's mind, fail mentally; taken ~, to act prudently; (b) ~ willeth, reason requires (sth); ~ wil excusen, good sense will excuse(sb.); as ~ askes (requires), as reason requires; as ~ wille(th, as reason demands, as common sense calls for.
2.
(a) An action, matter, proceeding, etc. agreeable to reason, that which is reasonable; ~ and right (skil), right (skil) and ~, nouther ~ ne right, nouther right ne ~; ben (haven) ~, to be right, proper, customary, reasonable, etc.; ben no ~, be wrong, foolish, unreasonable; bringen to ~, bring (sb.) to behave reasonably; also, make sense out of (sth.) [quot.: c1400(?c1380)]; consideren ~, think rationally; don ~ and right, treat (sb.) properly, do right by (sb.); haven ~ and right, be suitably treated; heren ~, take a reasonable view of something; (b) a sense of what is reasonable or right; bi ~ min ouen, by virtue of my own sense of right; (c) abouen ~, immense; accordaunt (according) to ~, of ~, sensible, reasonable, proper; ayen(es ~, foolish, unreasonable; wrong; oute of (withouten) ~, senseless, wrong; also, inordinate; (d) after (bi, with) ~, bi skil (ordre) and ~, bi right and (bi) ~, with right and with ~, by rights, rightly, reasonably, rationally; at ~, properly, correctly; bi (with) no ~, with no ~ ne right, by no means, not at all; (e) ayenes ~, madly, senselessly; ayenes ~ and right, wrongfully; oute of ~, immoderately, outrageously; also, unskillfully; withouten ~, wrongfully; also, immoderately; (f) in (upon) ~, reasonably, within reason; of ~, thurgh (god, right) ~, rightly, naturally; rightfully.
3.
(a) Justice, just treatment; don ~, to do justice (to sb.); haven (right and) ~, have justice; (b) satisfaction; haven ~, to obtain satisfaction for a grievance.
4.
(a) A ground for action, belief, etc., a motive; reasonable cause of an act, event, a fact, etc., reason; ~ and skil, reason and cause; ~ hou (whi), the reason how (why); bi ~ whi, for this reason; what ~, how, why; putten ~ on, to ascribe a motive to (sb.); (b) a statement offered as an explanation of an observed fact, action, or belief; that which is put forth as justification for a practice, an act, etc., an excuse; maken ~ of, to allege (sb. or sth.) as the reason for or cause of something; (c) med. the actual or theoretical basis of a disease or condition, rationale; medicinal ~, medicinal use; (d) in phrases: after ~ of, according to; bi ~ seuing, as a consequence; bi ~ that, because; bi (for, thurgh) ~ of, for (thurgh) ~ o, because of, on account of; in ~ of, in consequence of.
5.
(a) A principle, fundamental ground of something, essential character, essence; ~ of sight thinge, ?principle of vision; ~ seminal, generative principle; (b) rational order; (c) fig. ?a model of righteousness.
6.
(a) An account, a reckoning; asken (don, setten) to ~, to call (sb.) to account, question; don ~, render an account; putten to ~, call (sb.) to account; putten ~ with, reckon up accounts with (sb.); yelden ~, account for one's actions (to sb.), be responsible; also, give an accounting (for sth.), render an account; also, make answer (for sb.); yelden ~ for, exculpate (sb.) [quot.: c1225]; yeven ~, account for one's actions (to sb.), be responsible; also, give an accounting (for sth.), render an account; (b) income, revenue; pl. monies; (c) compensation, payment for services rendered; leien ~, to set payment; (d) a miller's measure.
7.
(a) A ratio, proportion; (b) math. the underlying properties of numbers, weights, and measures.
8.
(a) Speech, talk, discourse; pl. words, remarks; in greu ~, in the Greek language; setten a ~, to engage in talk; (b) a statement of real or alleged fact employed as an argument, an assertion; exhortation; verbal defense, stated opinion; also, the act of reasoning to persuade or convince, argumentation; explanation; balled ~, glib or crafty argument; ful of ~, argumentative; sleveles ~, feeble or trifling argument; yelden ~, to offer a defense; (c) a story, narrative, tale; an account of something, a report, tidings, news; sheuen ~, to give an account; also, tell a parable [quot.: c1440]; (d) a riddle; pl. jokes, jests; craken resounes, to crack jokes; (e) a proposal, plan, scheme; also, advice, counsel; (f) a petition, request; pl. questions; (g) pl. laws of God; (h) med. a recipe for compounding a medicine; bi ~.
9a.
A written sentence or verse; a motto, esp. one engraved, embroidered, or inscribed upon something; a proverb, saying; a text; writen ~, to write words (in the sand).
9b.
Gram.: (a) A sentence; also, a proposition in logic [last quot.]; (b) a main or dependent clause; ?also, a sentence of a single clause; honging ~, a dependent clause; (c) parte (partie) of ~, a part of speech; (d) stonden in a parfit ~, of a noun as opposed to an adj.: to stand independently.
10.
(a) Meaning, signification; rime or ~, sense; (b) manner, mode; bi right ~, in the correct way; med. resounes in helinge, methods of treatment; (c) a semblance (of wisdom); (d) regard, respect; withouten ~ to rewarde, without regard to reward; haven no ~ of correccioun, to take no account of correction.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500(a1471) Pecock Conf.in Benet Chron.(Dub 516)219 : Y, Reynold Pekoke..preferrynge the iugghement of naturall' resinz befor the holde and new testament and auctoryte..of owre moder holy chyrche..have holdyn', Wrytyn', and taught ortherwyse than the holy romayne and universal' chirche..techeyth.
  • Note: New form: Pl. resinz.
    Note: Quot. belongs to sense 8.(b).
    Note: Gloss: natural resounes, intelligence derived from nature, native intelligence.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1414 Lin-C.Informacio (Lin-C 88)105/24 : If þu haue mone antecedentz in a reson to qweche shal þi relatif be referret?
  • c1450 Peniarth Accedence(1) (Pen 356B)4/176 : How knos þu þe coniunctiue mod? For he ioynus ij resons togedyr in on mater.
  • a1475 Peniarth Informacio(1) (Pen 356B)93/22 : And yff my princypall uerbe pers[onell] betokon 'to suffur', the suffurer schall be þe nominatyue [case] and the doer the ablatyue case wt a prepocicion, yff þer [be d]oer in the reson.
Note: Additional quots. for sense 9b.(a).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500 Add.37075 Formula (Add 37075)145/232 : Magistro docente pueri proficiunt. This word magistro is þe ablatyve case absolute, for whan I haue a reson of nown and participull or pronoun and participull wtoute any worde set owȝte wherof he may be gouernyd, yt shall be sett in the ablatyve case absolute, as Me sedente tu curris.
  • Note: Additional quot. for sense 9b.(b).--notes per MLL