Middle English Dictionary Entry
rē̆sǒun n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | rē̆sǒun n.(2) Also resoun(n)e, reson(e, ressone, resun, resun(n)e, resan, resen, reasoun(e, reason(e, reisoun(e, reissoun, reison(e, raisoun(e, raison, raison(n)e & (early) reisun, reaisun & (error) rosoun. |
Etymology | OF: cp. CF raison, raisson, reison, reisson, reson, resson & AF raisun, raisoun, resun, resoun, reasoun. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) The intellectual faculty, intellectual power or capacity, reason; -- also pl.; light of ~; (b) the exercise of the intellectual faculty, act or process of reasoning; mental processes, thought; logical consideration or speculation; also, the mind; in (of) his ~, in his mind; oute (outraged) of ~, out of one's mind with fury, raging mad, beside oneself; ben changed in the ~, to exhibit mental disturbance; (c) wisdom, sound judgment, good sense; also, normal or sound power of mind, sanity; ~ right, good judgment; ful) of ~, sensible, wise; in his ~, in his wisdom, wisely; haven (understonden) ~, to be sensible; i)sen ~, see reason (in sth.), see the sense (of sth.); reformen to ~, restore (sb.) to sanity; (d) will, intent; setten ~ on, to set (one's) intent on (sth.); (e) understanding, comprehension, knowledge; (f) as a personified virtue: Reason; dame (damisele) ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)140/25 : Lo hu measeliche he dude, sette a wummon to ȝeteward þet is feble warde..wummon is þe reisun, þet is wittes skile, hwen hit unstrengeð þe schulde beo monlich.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)37 : Skil, resun, and ek miȝt He ȝef Adam in his mode.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)718 : For gostli siht..Man, is þi resoun..Wher-þur þu miht in þi mod Knowe boþe yuel and god.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)19/515 : Þat alle þyng his ase he seiþ Þy resoun wole þe rede.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3408 : He knew, by grace and by resoun, That god of heuene hath domynacioun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.294 : His reson aperceyueth wel that it is synne agayns the lawe of god, and yet his resoun refreyneth nat his foul delit or talent.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1051 : For Love put reson aweie, And can noght se the rihte weie.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)162a/b : Þe erþe conceyueþ and bringeþ forth creatures with lijf, felyng, and resoun [L rationales].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28520 : Lucheri has me reft resun With charm and coniurisun.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.52 : For riȝtfulliche resoun shulde rewele ȝow alle.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)37/1 : While he is riȝtful kyng..he may putt to priuyleges & lawes, & wiþdrawe & chaunge & redresse euereche þat erreþ by consail of resoun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.67 : Purveaunce is thilke devyne resoun [L ratio] that is establissed in the sovereyn prince of thinges.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)292/17 : In derknesse he vndirstondiþ it, for he haþ lost þe liȝt of resoun, and his iȝe of intellecte is blyndid.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)9 : Yit is me left the light of my resoun [vrr. raysoun, reason] To knowen frend fro fo.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)236/22 : Tokenes of kitting of the brayne..ben taken of hurtynge of þe vertues, for the resoun is loste if the wounde be in þe former partie, and the mynde is loste when þe wounde is in the hynder parties.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)188 : No dede is allowid and acceptid of þee, lord, saue which is doon answeryngly to þe doom of resoun.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)24 : It tastiþ siche delectaciouns of Cristis charite, þat þei may not fulli be conseyued with þouȝtis of mannys resoun.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)31/3 : Þe resoun of þi soule is a domesman in þis rewme, þat demiþ boþe good & yuel.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)7/12 : Comounly childryn of þis age be clepid innocentis, for þei lakvse of reson for to discerne vice fro vertu.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)135/21 : Yif he lakke resoun as naturel folis don, he shuld not synne.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)12/22 : Þis same..power of oure soule whiche is now clepid resoun is also ful ofte clepid vndirstonding, so þat resoun and vndirstonding is al oon.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)141 : Resone..ys þe ymage of Gode propyrly, For by þat þe sowll of Gode hathe cognycyon.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)164 : Al his resons are to-rent, and redeles he stondes.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Lamb 633)194/11 : Hit is veniall sine whan concupiscence is so ferforth subiecte to Reissoun that he wold not know hir but yef she wer his wif.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)900 : But how that chaunce bifille that sesoun Few men wolde it bileve bi resoun.
- a1500 Cmb.Precepts (Cmb Hh.3.13)298 : Þe v goostly wyttis: Mynde, Vndirstandyng, Wylle, Reson, Ymaginacion.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2023 : Bi resoun þou schalt se Þat loue is hem bitvene.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1183 : Þe leuedi þouȝt in hir resoun It hadde ben hir lord, sir Amiloun.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1692 : No better red be resun i ne knowe, þan to swiche a bold beste best to be disgised.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.271/962 : Þenne was þis Emperour ffeloun fful wroþ and al out of Resoun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)77b/b : In slepinge, for medlinge of resoun wiþ fantasmes, þe soule metiþ wiþ mony fantasyes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)8/15 : A surgian..muste studie in alle þe parties of philofie & in logik..in arte, þat techiþ him to proue his proporciouns wiþ good resoun.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)52 : A deuely dele in my hert denned, Þaȝ resoun sette myseluen saȝt.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)141 : For if we mighte our feith by reson preeue, We sholde no meryt of our feith haue.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)142/14 : Þis is soþ by witnes of Scripture, bi ensaumple of Crist & bi quik reson.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.110 : I mai concluden by ryght verray resoun that thilke that is begynnynge of alle thinges, thilke same thing is sovereyn good in his substaunce.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)35a/b : Henricus de amonda villa in þe firste boke of his surgerie deduceþ bi resoun þis skille.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)38/15 : A good knyght scholde not holde him content with a lewde iugement not grounded on reson.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3870 : He rulet hym by Reason & the right spake.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)178/12 : Thus they fought togedyrs fyve oures as men outraged of reson.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)331/25 : The more he loked on her, the more he brenned in love, that he passed hymself farre in his reson.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)100/11 : It is syttyng to a prynce that he be experte in fayir langage sette by grete wysedomes and ordinary reasons.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)146b/b : Boþe surgian & euery oþir crafti man þat wole worche by rule & resoun..muste ȝeue his entent to a certeyn entencioun ouþir to a certeyn ende.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.167 : Euery craft þat man or woman vsyth to knowyn ony þyng..þat he may nouȝt knowyn..be weye of reson..it is wychecraft.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1754 : The principal agent to know at euery seson Requirith grete serch made bi subtile reson.
c
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1940 : What manere is þis? y ne kan no resoun her-on yseo.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)61 : Richard, rote of resoun ryht..of maidnes meke þou hast myht.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)138 : Þe lengore I here, þe lesse reson I seo in þat þat þou rikenest.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2259 : The trouthe of thynges and the profit ben rather founde in fewe folk that ben wise and ful of reson.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.49 : That holde of riht a sori feste, Whan he, that reson understod, So soudeinliche is woxe wod.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.83 : The Philosophre in his resoun Wrot upon this conclusioun.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2369 : Sire, what eyleth yow? Haue pacience and reson in youre mynde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11791 : Ȝyf þe prest be of any resun, He wote weyl what shal be doun.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3120 : Demostenes was a..Wel norisshed man of resoun.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)328 : Þou in reysoun hatz rengned and ryȝtwys ben ever.
- c1400(?c1384) Wycl.50 HFriars (Bod 647)379 : Þis is not tauȝte opunly in holy writt, and resoun and witte is ageyns þis.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/26 : Sua bidis haly writ, þat alle be cald til cunsaile, yung and alde, in hali religiun; For ofte sendis god resun til þe yunge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.9.3 : O thow Fadir..creatour of hevene and of erthes, that governest this world by perdurable resoun.
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)288 : Clemence kepte by Resoun His myhty throne ffrom myschieff and ffallyng.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3825 : His reson was passede; He fell in a fransye for fersenesse of herte.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)128/70 : To haue leve of the lorde, Þat is resoune and skyll.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)9/10 : Seynt Powle..repreved þoȝ peple þat fell to synne aȝeyn withe sharpenes modified by resone.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)4/6 : We haue founden..many men the which habound gretly in wisdome, resoun [Shirley: reison; F raison], and vndirstondyng, welle sotille and perceyvyng.
- a1456 Affter þe stormy tyme (Trin-C R.3.20)145 : Looke þat by raysoun þou so brydelde bee Þat oure lord God ne bee not wroth with þee.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)70/13 : Oure Lord did many miracles for the honoure of him, for þe defe he made to here, the dombe to speke, and refourmid the distrait men to good mynde and reson.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)5711 : Take resone to yowe and porsewe þryfte.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)21/391 : Þou art ful of resoun.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.42 : It was a solace to see in a somer seson, ccc I wysse, workyng at onys..reulyd be reson.
d
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)732 : To breke a mannes heed it seemeth light, ffor why let noon housbonde thynke it shame..Thogh his wyf do to him þat selue same; Hir reson axith haue of men maistrie.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)71 : Set was his Resoun, On trouthe, On feith, and on Rightwysnesse.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)66/19 : Thogh þou fele sum tyme stiringes of þi flessh to sinne, yif resoun folow not, deme it no concente.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.299 : Ȝif ony þoutis ben aboutyn to drawyn þe resoun of hys soule to consentyn to ony synne, onon pote he awey þo þoutis.
e
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)611/20 : Sensualitas: a scylle, reson.
f
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.14 : Þe frek..renneþ to resoun & rouniþ in his ere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.23 : Pertly afor þe poeple resoun gan to preche.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.28 : Þanne is racio my riȝt name, resoun an englisshe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.164 : Resoun seyde hym, on that other syde, 'Withouten assent of hire ne do nat so.'
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)17 : Þan þe kyng..wroot the sentence and the dome..and toke it to his Chauncelere Resoun, to rede it in his name.
- c1432-a1500(c1390) Chaucer L.St.(Robinson)15 : Trouthe is put doun, resoun [vrr. raisonne, Raysoune] is holden fable; Vertu hath now no dominacioun; Pitee exyled, no man is merciable.
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)57/22 : Damesele Resone sall be puruerere, For scho sall ordayne with-in & with owttyn..þat þere ne be no defaute.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3896 : We beestes resonable..whi wil we Ageyn resoun werrye and hir offende?
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)2383 : I sawh Anoon, Dame Resoun Ascende to make A Sarmoun.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.239 : For þat euery man is fauorable..to his owyn cause..þu schal han..two assessouris be wose conceyl þu schal demyn þiself, And þo schul ben treuþe & resoun.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)333 : The belle is a clene conscience..but this belle shall no man Rynge but a maiden, that is, reson, that stereth to all rightwisenesse.
1b.
In phrases: (a) connen (haven, knouen) ~, to possess the power of reason, be intelligent; losen (lakken) ~, lose one's mind, fail mentally; taken ~, to act prudently; (b) ~ willeth, reason requires (sth); ~ wil excusen, good sense will excuse(sb.); as ~ askes (requires), as reason requires; as ~ wille(th, as reason demands, as common sense calls for.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)776 : Al þat man hath bi-fore a best oþur more resun can, Al he it hath of þulke soule ȝware-þoruȝ he is man.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7387 : Who that wole himself noght meke To pes and list no reson take, Men sein reson him wol forsake.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1622 : This child, whan he was bore thus, Aboute his moder to ful age, That he can reson and langage..was drawe forth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2245 : Ful worthy been thy wordes to memorie To euery wight that wit and reson [vr. wysdom] kan.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)287a/b : Þe emptes..taken gret charge of here comune profyte and hauen þer of resoun and mynde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.468 : Rude men that litel reson cunneth Louen and by-leuen by lettred mennes doynges.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)39/9 : Sith þat foules, þat han no kyndely wytt ne resoun, gon thider to seche þat gloriouse virgyne, wel more oughten men þan to seche hire & to worschipen hire.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)64/4 : Ech creature which haþ resoun in hymsilf haþ a vyneȝerd of hymsilf.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)2/8 : Sche lost reson & her wyttes a long tym tyl ower Lord be grace restoryd her a-geyn.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)181/2 : In hys last days he turnyd childisch a-ȝen & lakkyd reson þat he cowd not don hys owyn esement to gon to a sege.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)28/30 : Ire is a deedly vice, and soo ivill that he that is soore teynte therwith hath no reson.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)25.296 : He..was ful Of Coruptioun as Ony tigre..Owther Ony Other Savage beste that han non Resoun.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)316/26 : The beestes also, þat knew no reson, fell on her knees and worshipped oure Saviour.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)58/5 : What ioye ys to þe to vse þe vyce of bestys þat hauen no resoun [L irrationabilium], and folwyn her dedys?
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.11 : I am full dull and ryȝt unwyse, As beestys that kan no resoun take.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3999 : For þei þat han her resoun and witt Han þe miche more nede to gouerne it.
b
- (1386) RParl.FM (C&D)36/101 : The which wyth yowre ryghtful lordeship ygraunted for moost pryncipal remedye, as goddes lawe & al resoun wole, that no domesman stonde togidre Juge & partye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.151 : For alle resoun wolde this That unto him which the heved is, The membres buxom scholden bowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.25 : Therfore wol I do yow obeisaunce As fer as reson asketh hardily.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.112 : Whi shulde we..now ben for þe werkes of Adam Roten and to-rende? resoun wolde it neuere.
- (1423) RParl.4.257b : Hit semeth resoun wolde he shuld have the disavaille therof, and not the Marchant.
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 778 : Please it your lordschip to ordeyne..þat..Richard May myght..be restored..and sustened as right reson and goode conscience requiren at reverence of God.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29.58 : For the womman is of so feble Complexioun that of Mannes Rib was mad, As Axeth Resoun, and that Obeischawnt scholde be to Man.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2570 : Resun wyl excusyn us alle.
- c1450 ?Suffolk Besechyth mekly (Frf 16)14 : Yf he be not gylty in thys case, Of which he is so wrongfully accusyd, As reson wyll, lat hym be hold excusyd.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.2.2b : Þey eren bounden to fulfullen..as reison & discrecion askith.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)430 : Defaute may be in vntrewe translating..but lyue men good lif & studie many persones goddis lawe, & whanne chaungyng of wit is foundun, amende þey it as resoun wole.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)1031 : Ressone wille, it is not to layne, He shuld not love, but he be lovyd agayne.
2.
(a) An action, matter, proceeding, etc. agreeable to reason, that which is reasonable; ~ and right (skil), right (skil) and ~, nouther ~ ne right, nouther right ne ~; ben (haven) ~, to be right, proper, customary, reasonable, etc.; ben no ~, be wrong, foolish, unreasonable; bringen to ~, bring (sb.) to behave reasonably; also, make sense out of (sth.) [quot.: c1400(?c1380)]; consideren ~, think rationally; don ~ and right, treat (sb.) properly, do right by (sb.); haven ~ and right, be suitably treated; heren ~, take a reasonable view of something; (b) a sense of what is reasonable or right; bi ~ min ouen, by virtue of my own sense of right; (c) abouen ~, immense; accordaunt (according) to ~, of ~, sensible, reasonable, proper; ayen(es ~, foolish, unreasonable; wrong; oute of (withouten) ~, senseless, wrong; also, inordinate; (d) after (bi, with) ~, bi skil (ordre) and ~, bi right and (bi) ~, with right and with ~, by rights, rightly, reasonably, rationally; at ~, properly, correctly; bi (with) no ~, with no ~ ne right, by no means, not at all; (e) ayenes ~, madly, senselessly; ayenes ~ and right, wrongfully; oute of ~, immoderately, outrageously; also, unskillfully; withouten ~, wrongfully; also, immoderately; (f) in (upon) ~, reasonably, within reason; of ~, thurgh (god, right) ~, rightly, naturally; rightfully.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1345 : Hit is resoun At þis heye ffeste of Ester to deliuery a prisoun.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.847 : Telle he moste his tale as was resoun.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7211 : Me þenkeþ weyl hyt ys resun To calle swych a man glotoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6399 : For if þair tunges spac resun, þair hertes ai war wit tresun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12759 : Men soght til him..To here of his sermon þat maniman broght to resun [Göt: resune].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.457 : I halde it ryȝte and resoun of my reue to take Al þat myne auditour or elles my stuwarde Conseilleth me.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1633 : For if þou redes hit by ryȝt and hit to resoun brynges, Fyrst telle me þe tyxte of þe..lettres.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.295 : Þat ys noþer reson ne ryht ne no reame lawe Þat eny man mede toke bote he it myghte deserue.
- (1423) RParl.4.257b : Hit is no reson that the Maister take his worshiþ of another mannes harme.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)276 : He no wittes kowth, No reson forto speke with mowth.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.1.28 : Þei do þoo thynges þe whiche acorden not to resoun.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6891 : It es reson and ryght Þat þai ay se þat grysely syght.
- (?c1436) Duke Burgundy (Rome 1306)20 : Charles..calleth hymself kyng Of the reame of france withoute grovnde of reson.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)613 : I trowe he be frentyk and in brayn afrayde, For he no reson considre now ne can.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)350 : Here es comyne ane armede knyghte; Now do hym resone and ryghte.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)362 : Welecome, worthyly wyghte; Thou salle hafe resone and ryghte.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10287 : Arthur wiste þey seide reson, & wel excused hem of þe Saxon.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)523 : Þe priores..Sal se who a-cordes reson vnto, And efter þair rede sal scho do.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)811 : Sir, þat is atte ȝour aune wille, Þat hald i resun and skille, As euyr myȝte i the.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)14/13 : Ma dame, I wolle not sitt doune by you, for itt is no reason.
- (1454) RParl.5.248a : We..ordeyne..that the seid Robert..paye the sommes..as it can be thought reason unto our Tresorer of Englond.
- (a1461) Paston2.199 : Were it reson þat I schuld for-yeve it without satisfaccion?
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)273/35 : To yelde us unto hym hit were no reson.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)445 : Truly, me seme ȝe haue reson.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.12.61a : Force is nothir right ne reason.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)502/319 : Yff..ye have skyll and reason, with you we will abyde.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)34 : I had so gret infirmyte and disease the which excedit all nature and reson that euer j shuld rekeuer hit.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)39/8 : It is reason that thei suffir the charges and affliccions that growen owte of the vices of kynges.
b
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)3/15 : Vnbuxhamhed is..doyng þt is defendid & wilfullych hauyng no reward to resoun.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)235 : I remewitneuer fro þe riȝt by reson myn awen For to dresse a wrange dome.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.14.3 : To þe coueitouse man & hard, withoute resoun is substaunce.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.37 : Me thynketh it acordant to resoun To telle yow al the condicioun Of ech of hem.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.3038 : That thynketh me muchel agayn resoun and out of mesure.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.150 : Kyng Richard To þe kyng of Tancre..sent his letter hard To deliuer his sister Jon out of his prison; Men mad tille him grete mone, it was without reson.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)342 : Þat man is out of resoun þat trowiþ þat Clement in Petris tyme was more þan Joon evaungelist.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)52b/b : Nouþer had he bene dede if he had wolde & had done þo þingez þat beþ of resoun.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)101a/b : No medicyne schulde be preued in a mannes bodie but ȝif it were accordinge to resoun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)328/32 : O how myche out of resoun or maner þis seemeþ to her iȝen.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2222 : We may boldly vs byld with bostis out of Reason.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)429 : As lordis of englond han þe bible in freynsch, so it were not aȝenus resoun þat þey hadden þe same sentense in engliȝsch.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)84/28 : He..hathe yeven lyff to all men and hath power above reason.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)93/29 : Instede of attemperaunce thou hast put in an owtragiouse extremyte owt of all reason.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)359 : Seint Ieme ne miȝhte habbe þe soule ne with-inne him come with no resun ne riȝhte.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)874 : Þan seyd þai alle wiþ resoun, Sir Amis schuld ben in prisoun.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)461 : Redeli bi resoun þerfore hem rette i mai mi sorwe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Tob.10.10 : With manye woordis raguel preyede tobie, & he hym by no resoun wolde heeryn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2569 : By right and resoun ther may no man taken vengeance on no wight but the iuge that hath the iurisdiccioun of it.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3768 : With resun [F par resun] mayst þou þe wraþþe and flyte Aȝens vyleynye and synne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4373 : We aght noght wit no resun Til our lauerd do slik tresun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.238 : Qui ingreditur sine macula & operatur iusticiam, Tho þat entren of o colour and of on wille, And han wrouȝte werkis with riȝte and with reson.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.275 : By riȝt & bi resoun þo renkes þat ben here, Bodye & soule ben myne, bothe gode & ille.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1804 : For ȝe haf deserued..More rewarde bi resoun þen I reche myȝt.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)6/32 : Wid summe sal tu faire speke, and summe gete wid chastiment..and lere þaim ilkain eftir þar maner wid resun.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.26 : What man wolde bi resoun, kepyng a man in frenesie, ȝyve him a swerd or a knyf bi which he wolde slee himsilf?
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1)16 : I wile..rule ȝow after reson & ellis it is gret ruþe.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)183 : Wel by reson men it calle may The dayesye or elles the ye of day.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)208/13 : Þe prince þat is avaricious..may not longe stonde perseverant and weele endure by no raison.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)124/20 : This maner of good living stondith in a resonable conuersacioun, as whan þou gouernest manerly after reson al þi wordis and al þi dedis.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)93/16 : To accomplyshe all their thyngis by ordre and reason..from yer to yer they chaunged the moste parte of their officers.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.135 : Astronomye..was alwey fals and reprouyd of God and of philosophrys be skyl and resoun.
- a1500(?a1450) Treat.Garden.(Trin-C O.9.38)47 : Wyth a wyth of haseltre rynde The stoke fast thu bynde..Yf he be graffyd at raysowne He wul bere þe next saysowne.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)87 : This childe that shalbe born of yow, nys nother youre ne myn by reson [F raisounablement].
e
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6086 : Wykkedly me þenkeþ ys hyt doun, A man to gadyr oute of resoun [F sanz resun], And do þerwith noun almes dede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8626 : But þat to my sawe, blame may be leyd For foule englyssh and feble ryme Seyde oute of resun many tyme.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.25 : Drink whanne þe driȝeþ, ac do it nouȝt out of resoun.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.154 : Out of reson þei ryde, and rechelesliche taken on.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3154 : Thou wolt shame hym, if thou myght, Bothe ageyns resoun and right.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)53/26 : In this is defendid al vnleifful vsurpacion of othir mennys thingis, as..al thing takin be force and be lordschip of the pepil withoute reson.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)8/9 : A couetous man..hath good wt owtyn resown, for it profitith neyþer hym ne noon oþer man.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)21/9 : He profrith to werke maystries, & þer he wenyth to sey weel, he spekyth a ȝen reson.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)60/4 : Sorowe I made therfore withoutyn resone and dyscrecion.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)194/38 : A wode hownde..bargeys oftentymes aȝeyns reson, som tyme aȝeyns men in þe strete and somtyme at is owen shadowe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)556/28 : Whan Morgan le Fay saw hym dede, she made grete sorow oute of reson.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)362/10 : So it is of the wyne whan it is taken outrageouslye out of reson, for therof ensweth grete mischeeuys.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1489 : The Sowdon wold be wroth..Owt of reason that noman cowde hym sese.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1422 : But longe delayed it is withowte resone.
f
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)4/48 : Man, whan he falleþ in to elde, Feble a wexeþ..Þourȝ riȝt resoun.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)842 : So thourh god resoun He yeld hem heore tresoun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5588 : Aboue þe grounde ȝif þe body lie..of resoun it mvt putrefie.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)389 : As god is lord of all þingges, So is þe Emperoure kyng of kyngges, And also londes þoruȝ resoun Beþ at his subieccioun.
- (1433) RParl.4.441b : He ne kan, nor of reason aght, other resort have for salvation of his saide enheritance.
- (1449) Wars France in RS 22.1493 : Purveaunce shalbe made for you in such wise as of reasone ye shal holde you wel contente.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3628 : After Belyn, Gurgoint his sone Hadde þe heritage þorow resone.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)87/39 : Loke ..þat he go wyde in resoun & þat his lymes tremeli, for þat is sygne of strengþe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1670 : Aske at it Alexander quat þou will apon reson, And I sall grant.
- (1455-9) Paston2.190 : Y wolle yn reson be rewled and moderated by your discrecions.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)113 : Euery creature..Was in natur of þe fyrst man, Adame, Off hym takynge þe fylthe of synne orygynall..Than by hym of reson ȝe haue blame.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.32.78a : Thei schul trewly..bring it in to good covenable forme as to suche a lord belongith of Reason.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)84/22 : The Cristen thanne ought of reason to leve the olde cerymonyes.
3.
(a) Justice, just treatment; don ~, to do justice (to sb.); haven (right and) ~, have justice; (b) satisfaction; haven ~, to obtain satisfaction for a grievance.
Associated quotations
a
- (1384) Procl.Brembre in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk H)33/26 : Yef eny man fynt hym y-greued..come and pleyne hym to the Mair and aldermen, and he shal haue right and resoun.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)141/24 : In þat ile also er wonder rightwise iuggez, for þai do resoun and trewth to ilke man, als wele to pouer as to riche.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)319/366 : Ȝe do me no right nor no resoune.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)53/1551 : Y cast to thee my gloue And thee appele..Tofore the..god of loue That shalle of right do me of thee resoun.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)207/21 : Þe prince shulde do alweys iustice..affter equytee and raison in alle cause.
b
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)189/17 : I complayned me tothe Potestate the Pope hymself, but I had nothynge ellys but plesaunte wordys; other reson at Roome myght I none have.
4.
(a) A ground for action, belief, etc., a motive; reasonable cause of an act, event, a fact, etc., reason; ~ and skil, reason and cause; ~ hou (whi), the reason how (why); bi ~ whi, for this reason; what ~, how, why; putten ~ on, to ascribe a motive to (sb.); (b) a statement offered as an explanation of an observed fact, action, or belief; that which is put forth as justification for a practice, an act, etc., an excuse; maken ~ of, to allege (sb. or sth.) as the reason for or cause of something; (c) med. the actual or theoretical basis of a disease or condition, rationale; medicinal ~, medicinal use; (d) in phrases: after ~ of, according to; bi ~ seuing, as a consequence; bi ~ that, because; bi (for, thurgh) ~ of, for (thurgh) ~ o, because of, on account of; in ~ of, in consequence of.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)115 : Ȝwat resun mai þis beo þat a þousend ne mouwen nouȝt þis womman of þe stude enes teo?
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)59 : Womman mai turne man is wille..Þat is þe resun and skille Þat þe deuyl com hir first to.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9304 : An oþer reson wel ver meueþ more me þer to, Þat þe king..Mid vnriȝt halt þis kinedom.
- a1350 Of Rybaudȝ (Hrl 2253)34 : Whet wes þe resoun why he nolde ryde?
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.3.15 : Halewe ȝe the Lord Crist in ȝoure hertis, euermore redy to do satisfaccioun to eche man axinge ȝou resoun [L rationem] of that feith and hope that is in ȝou.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)607 : Him þou serue..Þat wikked reson be good enchesun Beo not put on þe.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)77 : Þat may be þat oþer resoun..þat she may not fro hur moder goo.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25165 : Bot þar es resun qui vr bon Es noght granted us quilum sun.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)191 : He hentes hym..And broȝt hym vp by þe brest and vpon borde sette, Arayned hym ful runyschly, what raysoun he hade In such slaȝtes of sorȝe to slepe so faste.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)268 : Me þynk þe put in a mad porpose And busyez þe aboute a raysoun bref.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.5.29 : I desire..for to witen of the what semeth the to be the resoun of this so wrongful a confusioun.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)1967 : Somme now seye for oþer reson Galeys was cald, for duk Galon.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)19/25 : Resoun why & how euery þing is hard for to kunne.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)11b : 'Eueri hors þat is folid in heyȝe mountaynes and in stoni lond is þe bettir.' '[S]ere, be what reson?'
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)191/28 : It is no neede to conferme my reason to seeke stories of tyme passed.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Glo 42)728/2 : A mor fole þan þou arte oone fonde I neuer yt, and be reson why; ffor þou knowes well þat þou schalt Reyne kyng but on yer.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)79 : Ye crucyfyed Jhesu wyth-oute cause and resoun.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3618 : Þei comen of þe complexioun, And I shal telle þee by what resoun.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)85/25 : Hereð nu reisuns [Cleo: resuns] hwi me ah to fleo þe world.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30b/a : So seiþ aristotel..& telliþ þe resoun why.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139a/b : Þis resoun þat Isidir makeþ of þe cause of þondir acordiþ somdele wiþ þe philosophir þat saiþ þat þundir is a spirit of wyndes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)551-3 : For þis resun þat ȝee haue hard, Man is clepid þe lesse werld. Bot resun yett al herd ȝee noght Quare of mans saul was wroght.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)343 : So whatever reasoun men maken of Crist, of Petir, or oþer good ground, it goiþ opinli aȝen sich a pope for þe grete diversite.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.67 : It is no charite to leve þe ordre þat Crist ȝaf, and to..telle more prys bi þis resoun: 'Þis synful patroun bade do þus, þerefore we shulden do þus.'
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.4 : Thou hast..byhyght me to unwrappen the hidde causes..and to discovere me the resouns covered with derknes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)95/38 : The resoun of þe forsaide þinges is for þat no laxatyf medecyne schulde be medled wiþ þe mete.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)285/18 : Þe preve of þis sheweþ by þre resons.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)342/14 : It is bettyr to eite at evyn than in the mornynge, and for this reson: the meite that is taken in the mornynge greuith the stomac.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)2 : Yff ȝe wyll wet þe propyrte Ande þe resun of my nayme imperyall, I am clepyde of hem þat in erthe be Euerlastynge Wysdom.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Glo 42)745/25 : Þerfor I toke þis Mantell fro hym; Now haue yow herde my resounes [vr. Answere].
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1518 : When colde worchith in mater thik & drye, Blak colour shal be, this is the reson why: Such mater is compactid & more thykke.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)204b/a : Lede..helpeþ wonderliche aȝeins hote postemes & stauncheþ bledyng woundes..and haþ oþer medicinale resouns [L rationes].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8a/b : Componed membrez bene þo which ar componed of þe..symple or consimile, And..euery partie of þam kepeþ noȝt þe resoun of alle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)36b/a : Þo þat ben simpel beþ liche members þe whiche þat ben not departabel in to anoþer liknesse, but howe þat euer it take enye sensibel partie, it schal haue comunicacioun to alle in name & resoune.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)6/6 : It is noght so nedefull to serche þe cause as þe resoun of hem, wiþoute þe whiche þinges it is nouȝt ihad as to haste.
d
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)65 : Mac the sise to goldfoyl, save tac a lutel radel ant grynt to thin asise, vorte loosen is colour, bi resun of the goldfoyl.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Prov.(Bod 959)10 : In resoun of ȝyuen thing & taken, to any saue ȝou I be bounden.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2213 : Lordynges, the nede for the which we ben assembled..is ful heuy thyng..by resoun of the grete damages that in tyme comynge been possible to fallen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.652 : Which Ring bar of Oblivion The name, and that was be resoun That where it on a finger sat, Anon his love he so foryat, As thogh he hadde it nevere knowe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16372 : A prisun ar yee wont at hafe, for resun o þe dai.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29502 : If þou did a sin Anoþer preistes paroch in, þat preist thoru resun o þi plight Mai curs þe þan, for þat es right.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.206 : Þe riche is reuerenced by resoun of his richchesse.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)181a/a : Sucche humours, as wele be resoun of here coldenesse and drienesse as be resoun of þe saddenesse of þe sinewes, neden mollificatiue medicines.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)465/25 : Þe grenesse of herbes and þe clerenesse of wateres and þe preciouste of precious stones and þe hyenesse of sterres, þai norisshe aȝeyne hym þat byholdeþ ham, and by consequent, i. resoun sewynge [L per consequens], þai defien and melten þe water.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)728 : By resoun [vr. rosoun] of hire age There myghte have ben bytwixe hem maryage.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)174 : Þe senatour was sett..At þe kyngez ownn borde..Be resoun þat þe Romaynes whare so ryche holden As of þe realeste blode.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1542 : Als who so wil..not..do þer trauayle..Or els þat loises mor or les Bi resoun of þer reklesnes..Þan sal mor payn to þam be layde.
- (1464) Paston2.305 : John Paston, squiere, is owtlawed, by reason wherof alle his goodis..ben and owe to be-lang vn-to vs.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)99/11 : I woll do..unto you all the worship that I may, for I muste be reson ye ar my nevew, my sistirs son.
- c1475-a1600(a1473) Fortescue Declaration (Clermont)536 : Ther remayneth no matier of evydence ayenste the Kinge or his Roialmes by reasoune of the jugement yoven by God a yenste woman.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)244/34 : Hit nedyth a man do more abstynence in that tyme..by the reyson than [read: that] in colde tymethe colde chasyth the naturall hete.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)660 : By reson of [F par droit de] gentill fader ought come gentill issue.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)220/22 : For thei peyse and mesure them egally aftir the reason of mennys desertis.
5.
(a) A principle, fundamental ground of something, essential character, essence; ~ of sight thinge, ?principle of vision; ~ seminal, generative principle; (b) rational order; (c) fig. ?a model of righteousness.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)229b/b : In euery grayne is boþe piþþe and rynde, in þe which piþ abydeþ þe cause of [read: or] resoun semynal [L ratio seminalis] þat a plante may springe þerof.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)239b/b : Such fruyt of palme is y-cleped Spado, ffor in þe substaunce þer of is non resoun semynal.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)304a/a : Some men meneþ þat þe resoun of sight þinge [L ratio visibilis] is y-rooted and y-schape in light.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)329b/a : God is intellectual cercle of þe whiche þe myddel poynt is euery where and þe roundnesse no where, and so þe resoun of þe cercle schyneþ in eueriche creature.
- a1425 *Trev.Barth.(Mrg M 875)327a/b : No diuersite is bytwene oþer bestes & men þat knoweþ nouȝt þe reson of calculynge & of acountes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.5.47 : Ne it nis no merveile..thowh that men wenen that ther be somwhat foolissh and confus, whan the resoun of the ordre is unknowe.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.33/13 : It semyth reproueable that ar lernyd men nat to know the grownde and the resone of them that we worschippe.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 38.37 : Who shal tellen out þe resoun of heuenys?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.6.11 : Whethir wenestow..that this world be governed by foolyssche happes and fortunows, or elles wenestow that ther be inne it ony governement of resoun?
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6991 : Cupide..is depeynt lich a blynd archer..Holdyng no meseur..But lik Fortunys disposicioun Al upon happ, void off al resoun.
c
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)29 : Heil wyndouwe of heuene-wowe, Heil reson of al rihtwysnesse.
6.
(a) An account, a reckoning; asken (don, setten) to ~, to call (sb.) to account, question; don ~, render an account; putten to ~, call (sb.) to account; putten ~ with, reckon up accounts with (sb.); yelden ~, account for one's actions (to sb.), be responsible; also, give an accounting (for sth.), render an account; also, make answer (for sb.); yelden ~ for, exculpate (sb.) [quot.: c1225]; yeven ~, account for one's actions (to sb.), be responsible; also, give an accounting (for sth.), render an account; (b) income, revenue; pl. monies; (c) compensation, payment for services rendered; leien ~, to set payment; (d) a miller's measure.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)116/810 : Hwet const tu to þeos men þet tu þus leadest?..ich am her..to ȝelde reisun [Roy: reaisun] for ham.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)44/28 : Of þulli speche, seið ure lauerd, schal euch word beon irikenet & iȝeue reisun [Pep: ȝelde rekenynge] hwi þe an hit seide & te oðer hit lustnede.
- c1300 SLeg.John (LdMisc 108)432 : Abid me nouþe, and ichulle for þe ore louerd resun ȝelde.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.6.2 : Darius..ordeynyde on the rewme satraps an hundrid and twenti..and on hem three princis..that the satraps shulden ȝelde resoun [L redderent rationem] to hem, and the kyng shulde not suffre eny disese.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.12.36 : Of euery ydel word that men speken, thei shul ȝelde resoun therof in the day of dome.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.18.23 : The kingdom of heuenes is lickened to a man kyng that wolde putte resoun [WB(2): rekyn; L rationem ponere] with his seruauntis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.4.5 : Thei..shulen ȝiue resoun to him that is redy to deme the quike and deede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5648 : Alle hyt was shewed hym before, how he had lyued..And namely euery wykked dede..Of alle behoueþ hym to ȝelde a resoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26694 : Adam..and eue..quen þai war to resun don..He said þar-till his wijf him ledde.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5791 : It semes þat þe kyng had grete encheson To sette hym for þat kepyng to reson.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)42/14 : Þe abbes..salle vmbeþinke hir what charge sho hase recaiuid, And þat sho sal yelde resun of alle.
- (1425) RParl.4.296b : Iche of hem shall..assiste by wey of Counsell..to putte ye said parties to reson.
- c1440 When adam delf (Thrn)75 : Rekken we mon, and ȝelde reson Full rathely of our thoghte.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)173 : For euery ydyll worde we must ȝelde a reson.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)1097 : Thowe we be men of relygyon, Thou schalt do vs but reson For all the fare thou mas.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.10.40 : I shal ȝeue in eche ȝeris fiftene thousandis of siclis of syluer, of the kyngis reysons [L rationibus], that perteynen to me.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.10.44 : To bilde or restore werkis of holy thingus, expensis shuln be ȝouen of the kyngus resoun [WB(2): rent].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.3.6 : He..tolde to hym the tresorie in Jerusalem for to be ful with moneys vnnoumbreable, and..richessis..whiche perteynen not to resoun of sacrifices.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.25.50 : He mowe aȝeynbyȝe he hym seelf..& þe money whiþ þe which he was sold, after þe noumbre of ȝerys, & þour resoun [WB(2): hire] of an huryd man rekened.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.25.52 : He shal leyȝe resoun [WB(2): schal sette rikenyng; L ponet rationem] wiþ hym after þe noumbre of ȝerys.
d
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)80 : At the mille perauenture ye haue seyn a mesure that is cleped resoun.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)144 : Of this hand ben nouht exempt folk that gon and stelen bi nihte Ne false forsteres that ben assentinge to swiche dedes..Millewardes also that filleth here resoun.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)10614 : As touchyng off the melle, Thow myghtest ther..Seen & be-holden A mesure Wych..Bereth the name off Resoun.
7.
(a) A ratio, proportion; (b) math. the underlying properties of numbers, weights, and measures.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.28 : Al the envyrounynge of the erthe aboute ne halt but the resoun of a prykke at regard of the gretnesse of hevene.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)172/31 : Þu must make it..aftyr þe qwalyte of þe sygne and aftyr resun.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)86/37 : Whenne þou wyl gyf medicyn, wete þou yn what tokenynge þe sonne ys..ffor if it be..coleryk..make more scharpe þe medicyn..If it be yn tokenynge ffleumetyke, a lityll after þe qualyte & resoun of þe tokenynge.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)325b/a : Þe resoun of nombres is nouȝt worþy to be despised, for in many place of holy writ it schewiþ how moche misterie and priuete is in resoun of nombres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328a/b : Al þat is y-made is y-schape by resoun of nombres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328b/b : Ofte mesures and weiȝtes haue place in holy writte; the resoun and propretees þerof springeþ of lore of gemetry.
8.
(a) Speech, talk, discourse; pl. words, remarks; in greu ~, in the Greek language; setten a ~, to engage in talk; (b) a statement of real or alleged fact employed as an argument, an assertion; exhortation; verbal defense, stated opinion; also, the act of reasoning to persuade or convince, argumentation; explanation; balled ~, glib or crafty argument; ful of ~, argumentative; sleveles ~, feeble or trifling argument; yelden ~, to offer a defense; (c) a story, narrative, tale; an account of something, a report, tidings, news; sheuen ~, to give an account; also, tell a parable [quot.: c1440]; (d) a riddle; pl. jokes, jests; craken resounes, to crack jokes; (e) a proposal, plan, scheme; also, advice, counsel; (f) a petition, request; pl. questions; (g) pl. laws of God; (h) med. a recipe for compounding a medicine; bi ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)248 : Þe porter is culuart & felun; He wule him sette a reisun.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1292 : Under-stond to mi resoun [vr. Reesoun]: Minemen ȝe beþ & to me swore, Omage ȝe schul me þer-fore.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3779 : When þemperour had seyd his resoun [vr. reeson]..noiþer kniȝt no baroun..answerd þo.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)267 : Many..knyȝt..him beheld, wan he spak ys resoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1632 : Drightin of heuen spak til him þan, And þus his resun he began.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6890 : Þe tree hym ansuered in Gru resoun: 'Þou schalt sterue in Babiloun.'
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)227 : Gladly I wolde Se þat segg in syȝt, & with hym-self speke raysoun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5656 : To conclude shortly my resoun, Þis is þe cause oure purpos is so let.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.90 : Whan his shame gan somwhat to passe, His resons [vr. wordes]..I wol yow telle.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.409 : I se now that thou art..wery with lengthe of my resoun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.2964 : Bochas..Thouhte his termys & resouns wer to rude, That he lakked kunnyng & langage.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)159/86 : Come hedir and þou shalle here Þe sawes þat we shall saye; For..itt may þe brynge To here oure reasouns redde by rawes.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)40 : A sothe-sigger..seilde is y-seye To be cherisshid..But for his rathe reasons is rebukid ofte.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)53a/a : He is fatt of body and dulle of wittis, he spekiþ not into tyme but his resoun is longe a comynge.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)195/16 : Skantlye had the knyght concluded his reason [F parolles] whan he that first spake toke the langage.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)760 : Wyth-oute a more resounne Þey tok har yn in þe toune And dwellede stylle yn pese.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)500 : Than sat down the kynge..and hervy be-gan his reson [F raison].
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)279/58 : Seint Domenic cam forth..and In a writ he brouȝte his resones for cristindom.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)330/260 : Wel, icholde i-leue ower resones ech-one Ȝif I-ne hadde to muche i-fondet of þinge þat geth bi ȝwate.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)31 : Mid oþer reisouns of clergie þat maide preouede also Þat here godes noþing nere.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4818 : Þe bissopes him ansuerede..Al wiþ grete reysons & wit of hor boc.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1052 : Schaltow it neuer bring þerto Þat þou mi moder delue mow -- Bi resoun ichil wele avowe: A fende it was þat me biȝat.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 22.1 : Men, bretheren and fadris, heere ȝe what resoun I ȝelde now to ȝou.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)116/898 : Þis resoun put I not as to schewe any certeyn tyme of his comynge.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)35 : On Englisch ichul mi resun schowen, For him þat con not iknowen Nouþer French ne Latyn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3844 : For what so that this carpenter answerde, It was for noght; no man his reson herde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2901 : I shal nat konne answere to so manye resons as ye putten to me and shewen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198b/b : His resoun is trewe þat seiþ þat Cristal may be gendred of water.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13881 : In-to þe temple þai wit him yede, And he began..For to redde and to sermon, And tald þam mani god reson.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.41 : Þanne telle þei of þe trinite how two slowe þe þridde, And bringe forþ a ballid resoun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.108 : There þe pore dar plede and preue by pure resoun [C: reysoune] To haue allowaunce of his lorde.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)12/2 : Þe argument is nouȝt, & þerfore hit is y-blowe awey wiþ a liȝt resoun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5757 : Þei ben as chargaunt as a pye..Ful of resoun til his wynde be spent.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)149/217 : All þir resons þat þou here sese War my sophims and sotiltese.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)534 : Ful hard were it to preve by resoun [vr. Raison] Who loveth best this gentil formel heere..I can not se that argumentes avayle.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)568 : Lo, here a parfit resoun of a goos!
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1275 : Þou art not in sesun, Fewe men in þe feyth þey fynde, For þou hast schewyd a ballyd resun.
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)29/352 : Þay mad a parlymente, And þo hit was bygonne, Euerych lord swed resoune.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)122/1 : She shewed so mani good resounes [F raysons] vnto the kinge her husbonde, that he forgaue Absolon all his wrathe.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.319 : The legates..sendynge Boecius..in to exile, whiche defendede þe auctorite of the senate of Rome by reasons.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)447 : I kan make no replicacyon. Your resons be grete.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)133/36 : He schal turne hys speche to þe preysyng of þe pepyl..inducyng hem be..resunnys..to loue þe kynge.
- a1500 MSerm.Mol.(Adv 19.3.1)83 : Syrrus, thynke not lonke and y schall telle yow a sleveles reson and make a neynd a-non.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)766 : Þe folke..chees foure men..Forto holden open desputacioun And ȝenst Sidrak and his resoun.
c
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)76 : Þat tyme þat Augustus Cesar was Emperour of Rome, þis reson bi-gon þat I schal now rikenen..god sende an Angel in-to Galile.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)219 : Þe last resun of alle þis ron Sal be of hir concepcion.
- a1400 Cato(3) (Frf 14)350 : Curtaise catoun þus endis his resoun of mannis manere.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)118/24 : Thou shoulde no grete reson [vr. resons] shewe to þe man, The which as þat þeim vndirstande ne can.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)13 : I xal withoutyn falas Schewe resounus here to ȝoure pay.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)117 : Þe kyng hem tolde, in hys resoun, It com hym in a vysyoun..Into Yngelond for to goo.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)4503 : Sone þei asked hyr resons ryfe both of hyr suns and hir husband.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)45/17 : Whan the vndirstondyng of the childe begyneth to encresse..he ought to fede him with wysar doctrine..or ellis to make him rede in bookis of reasons.
d
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6981 : Þou miȝttest..Leighȝen, syngen, and daunces make, Dysoures talen and resouns crake.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.14.14 : And bi thre daies thei myȝten not assoile the proposicioun, that is, the resoun set forth.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3859 : When Sampson persayued þat syȝt..A reson he deuysyd and dyȝt forto asay þer wyttes with all.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3877 : The question þis es: 'Owt of the herd come fode, and of the swalowand swettenes.' To þem þis reson he arayd and bad þei suld þat case dyscrye.
- c1450 WBible(2) (Bod 277)Judg.14.19 : His resoun [Roy: He..killyde..thretti men whose clothis he took awey, and he ȝaf to hem that soiliden the probleme; WB(1): redilis; L problema].
e
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)5/34 : An hyer kyng..had a nevew þat hiȝt Iasoun, And him tolde þis resoun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.175 : Alle þis route of ratones to þis reson þei assented.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)2453 : He prayed Jacob..That he schuld him say som resoun, Howe he myȝt best wynne þe towne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)6329 : Fele of his frendes seid his reson, To sende to Rome for a baron His doughter for to gyue to wyue.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)190 : For Rowlande this resone he wroghte.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2282 : Dewke, herkyn to my resone..We may defende vs no mare.
f
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9565 : Forth sco went be-for þe king For to sceu him hir resun [Trin-C: orisoun].
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)131/137 : It semyth a kynge..to enhauns wysemen and forto talke with hem..and to make interrogacion honestly and to þer resounys to ansqwer dyscretly.
g
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)13843 : Þis tym is forto tell..of grett ferlys þat befell to..Ionas..how god vnto hym con tell of Niniue þat day and nyȝt vnto his resons ware rebell.
h
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)199a : Medicynes þat beþ maad be resoun beþ maad be weiȝtes.
9a.
A written sentence or verse; a motto, esp. one engraved, embroidered, or inscribed upon something; a proverb, saying; a text; writen ~, to write words (in the sand).
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.77 : Þe heed lettres..of þis firste book..speleþ þis Latyn resoun: Presentem cronicam compilauit frater Ranulphus Cestrensis monachus. Þis Latyn resoun is to menynge an Englische, [etc.].
- (1434) Proc.Privy C.4.251 : Upon þe same coler are viij corones of gold, ech of hem enameled wyth a resan of 'une sanz pluis'.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2327 : Sardanapallus..Toforn his deth bad men sholde write Vpon his graue..With lettres large, this resoun for tendite.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2921 : For they his reson had rede on his schelde ryche.
- (1442) Invent.Gild in PSAL ser.2.5121 : Item, xij quisshenes of cowchid werke with wrethes, and a Reson in the wrethe.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)745 : In cuntrey hit is a comune speche And is y-write in Latyne..The reason is: qui tacet consentire videtur.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9974 : Þat hows was paynted with peramour, with resons ryall forto rede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)108/25,31 : He garte browde þis reson opon a clothe þat he was vsid to be shavyn with..And when þis barbur come..he lukid vpon þe raster clathe..& red þis reson.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)526 : Thei fonde a table alle of golde, And vppon the table was written This resoun.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)558 : Whan thei toke leve home to weende..with the fyngres of thaire honde Thei written resoun in the sonde..when thei come efft, Thei founde the lettris as thei hem lefft.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4918 : The wiche messe..I wille the Seynt Marie preest kepe in a whith vestement wiche is redy made..bought and payd fore, with a remembraunce of my armys and my reson therto.
- (1472) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum5 : Item, j Chalyce with his patent both through gilt and in his fote a crucifixe, and this reson y wryte abowte bolle: Calicem salutaris accipiam et nomen Domini invocabo.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)169 : The fyrste course that was i-servyd..Grete pyke..Ande a sotelte..thys yong kyng Harry the vj, in fygure y-armyde..in hys cote of armys, whythe thys reson, [etc.].
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)52 : Þai founden..a ferly faire toumbe..þe bordure enbelicit wyt bryȝt golde lettres..roynyshe were þe resones þat þer on row stoden.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)783/12 : In euery stone He dyd wrytte þis Reson [vrr. this reason; thes wordes]: wher not hope stedfast, herth oftesythe schulde breste.
9b.
Gram.: (a) A sentence; also, a proposition in logic [last quot.]; (b) a main or dependent clause; ?also, a sentence of a single clause; honging ~, a dependent clause; (c) parte (partie) of ~, a part of speech; (d) stonden in a parfit ~, of a noun as opposed to an adj.: to stand independently.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)12a/b : If the nominatif case & þe verbe discordiþ in persone & in noumbre, þanne þe resoun is incongrue as in þis manere: puer sumus bonus.
- c1414 Lin-C.Informacio (Lin-C 88)105/14 : Qwat shal þu do, if þu haue mone verbes in a reson, to knowe þi principal verbe?
- c1425 Lin-O.Accedence (Lin-O Lat.130)145 : Wat ys a resun? A gaduryyng to gedur of wourdus of þo wyche sum be nownus & sum be pronownus & sum be verbis & sum be adverbis & sum be partysepul & sum be coniunccion & [sum] be preposision & sum be interieccion.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1823 : Ortography..Etymology..and Prosody..serued that Science [Grammar]..In wrytyng, pronowsyng and construying Of letter, sillable, worde, reason.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1857 : Taught she theym..Whyche ys subiect, couple, and predicate, And how he ys reason indicatyf.
- a1500 Add.37075 Accedence (Add 37075)47/129 : How know ye the indicatyff mode? For he shewith a reson trew or false by the wey of..tellyng.
b
- c1400 Dur-C.Treat.Syntax (Dur-C B.4.19)192/64 : When we haf a reson witouten a verbe we sal sette it in þe ablatif case absolute.
- c1414 Lin-C.Informacio (Lin-C 88)108/169 : Qwen I haue an Englissh of a noun or a pronoun and a participul set forth other vnderstonden an no wort set forthe ny vnderstonden of the quech the worte of þe reson may be gouernet of, hit shall be set in þe ablatif case absolute.
- a1450(a1397) WBible(2) GProl.(Cmb Mm.2.15)p.57 : In translating into English, manie resolucions moun make the sentence open, as an ablatif case absolute may be resoluid..into a verbe of the same tens, as othere ben in the same resoun..Also whanne oo word is oonis set in a reesoun, it mai be set forth as ofte as it is vndurstonden..Also, whanne riȝtful construccioun is lettid bi relacion, I resolue it openli, thus, where this reesoun, 'Dominum formidabunt adversarij ejus,' shulde be Englisshid thus bi the lettre: 'the Lord hise aduersaries shulen drede,' I Englishe it thus bi resolucioun, 'the adversaries of the Lord shulen drede him.'
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)36/210-12 : Whenne is 'ipse' demonstratyf? Whenne 'ipse' is y-sette wyth a substantyf in the same reson, as: Ipse homo currit. Butte whenne a reson cometh to-fore and another folwyth and 'ipse' be sette in the reson folwyng..thenne 'jpse' is a relatyf, as: vir currit & ipse monetur [read: mouetur].
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)42/508 : How knowest a coniunccion expletyf? That at fulfylleth the sentence of a reson that is folwyng.
- c1450 Rwl.Informacio (Rwl D.328)128/298 : When I haue a noun, a pronoun, or a participle in a schort hangyng reson and no worde sett afore..it schall be sett in þe ablatife case absolute.
- ?a1500 Corp-C.Formula (Corp-C 233)136/205,206 : When I haue a Englich of a infinitif mode þat comyth after a resen and tellyth þe cause of þe reson, þan schal I haue a gerundif in -dum with a preposicion ad.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)7 : There is also many wordes that haue dyverse vnderstondynges..and som tyme they may be taken in dyuerse wyse in one reson or clause.
c
- c1450 StJ-C Accedence (StJ-C F.26)17/1 : How many partes ben þere of reson? viij..Nown, pronown, verbe, aduerbe, participyl, coniunccyon, preposicyon, and interieccyon.
- c1450 StJ-C Accedence (StJ-C F.26)28/535 : A coniunccyon..joyneth or disioyneth oþer partis of reson and ordeynyth in hem perfyth sentence.
- c1450 Trin-C.Accedence (Trin-C O.5.4)36/198 : How knowest a pronoun? A party of reson declynyd, the whych is sette for a propre name and reseueth certayn person.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1815 : Gentyll Etymology..taught the partyes of reasoun..whyche ys nowne, whyche verbe..whyche pronoun.
d
- c1450 StJ-C Accedence (StJ-C F.26)17/15,20 : Qwerby knowe ȝe a nown substantyf? For he may stonde in a perfyth reson withowtyn helpe of a noþer wurd, as: man, tre, or beest..Qwerby knowyst a nown adiectyf? For he may not stonde alone in a perfyth reson withowtyn help of a noþer wurd, as: qwyt, red, blak, and is declyned in Latyn with..dyuerse endynggis.
10.
(a) Meaning, signification; rime or ~, sense; (b) manner, mode; bi right ~, in the correct way; med. resounes in helinge, methods of treatment; (c) a semblance (of wisdom); (d) regard, respect; withouten ~ to rewarde, without regard to reward; haven no ~ of correccioun, to take no account of correction.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12211 : Ihesus gaf him þan his task, Of ilk letter for to ask, Resun of ilkan be nam.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)2/32 : Touching þe ethimologie of his name..þis name..is compownyd of augeo..of ana..of astim..So for to putte alle þese parties to-gidir, þe name of þis glorious Seynt is þus browt on-to þis reson: a morer of þe cite a-boue, a gret encreser of þe blis of heuene.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)1243 : As for ryme or reson, þe forewryter was not to blame, For as he founde hit aforne hym, so wrote he þe same.
b
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.15 : Þat man is a fool þat..woot not wheþir he juge bi God, or ellis by..þe fend; and ȝif men avysiden hem on þis resoun, noone shulde juge bi mannis lawe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.7.57 : Many a nacioun, diverse of tonge and of maneris and ek of resoun [L ratione] of hir lyvynge, ben enhabited in the cloos of thilke lytel habitacle.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)85/4 : Sumtyme olde wise clerckus..fondon & writoun many grete resounus in helynge of bestus as wel as of men.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1605 : Þo he tok a schaft rounde Wyth cornall scharp y-grounde And ryde be ryȝt resoun.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Col.2.23 : Nether ȝe schulen touche..tho thingis, the which alle ben into deeth by the ilke vss, vp preceptis and techingis of men, the whiche ben sotheli hauynge resoun of wysdom in supersticioun or veyn religioun.
d
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)4.376 : With-oute resoun to rewarde, nauȝt recching of þe peple.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.101 : Schrewes ben more unsely whan thei ne ben nat punyssched, al be it so that ther ne be had no resoun or lawe of correccioun, ne noon ensample of lokynge.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(a1471) Pecock Conf.in Benet Chron.(Dub 516)219 : Y, Reynold Pekoke..preferrynge the iugghement of naturall' resinz befor the holde and new testament and auctoryte..of owre moder holy chyrche..have holdyn', Wrytyn', and taught ortherwyse than the holy romayne and universal' chirche..techeyth.
Note: New form: Pl. resinz.
Note: Quot. belongs to sense 8.(b).
Note: Gloss: natural resounes, intelligence derived from nature, native intelligence.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1414 Lin-C.Informacio (Lin-C 88)105/24 : If þu haue mone antecedentz in a reson to qweche shal þi relatif be referret?
- c1450 Peniarth Accedence(1) (Pen 356B)4/176 : How knos þu þe coniunctiue mod? For he ioynus ij resons togedyr in on mater.
- a1475 Peniarth Informacio(1) (Pen 356B)93/22 : And yff my princypall uerbe pers[onell] betokon 'to suffur', the suffurer schall be þe nominatyue [case] and the doer the ablatyue case wt a prepocicion, yff þer [be d]oer in the reson.
Note: Additional quots. for sense 9b.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Add.37075 Formula (Add 37075)145/232 : Magistro docente pueri proficiunt. This word magistro is þe ablatyve case absolute, for whan I haue a reson of nown and participull or pronoun and participull wtoute any worde set owȝte wherof he may be gouernyd, yt shall be sett in the ablatyve case absolute, as Me sedente tu curris.
Note: Additional quot. for sense 9b.(b).--notes per MLL