Middle English Dictionary Entry
prẹ̄ven v.
Entry Info
Forms | prẹ̄ven v. Also preve, prewe(n, priwe, pref(e(n, preif, prieve & (chiefly SWM & SW) preove(n, preovi & proeve(n, proef & prọ̄ve(n, provee, provi(e, prow(en, profe(n & prouven, proufe, pruven, prufe, pruefe & prīve(n & (early) pruvien & (Cornish) profo, (error) perfo. Forms: sg. 3 prẹ̄veth, etc. & prueth, (error) ipreoues; p.ppl. i)prẹ̄ved, eprẹ̄vid, previt, prewid, i)preoved, i)proeved, i)prọ̄ved, prọ̄vit, prọ̄fite, i)prowed, ipruvet, pruid & (error) peruyd. Contraction: previt (preve hit). |
Etymology | OF prover, prouver, preuver, pruever, pruver. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To test (sb.), put to the test, try, tempt; test (sb.) by attacking; -- also refl.; (b) to test (someone's heart, virtue, or other qualities); match (one's strength against God); (c) to test (sth., a horse, an ox), assay, try; check the accuracy of (a weight or measure); (d) to select or test (recruits).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)94/29-30 : Hwen ha is ipruuet [Nero: ipreoued; Tit: ipreouet], hit seið -- wel is hit iseid -- for alswa pruueð [Nero: preoueð; Tit: ipreoues] godd his leoue icorene, as þe goltsmið fondeð þet gold i þe fure.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7649 : Þo seyd Hermesent, him to proue, 'Whider wostow, Ywain, for mi loue?'
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)199/23 : Þe uerste lif is ine þe viȝtinge ine þe uelde of guode workes huer þe knyȝt [read: knyȝtes] lierneþ, ham proueþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.20.20 : Moyses saiþ..'wyln ȝe not drede þat forsoþ god proue ȝou.'
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.25.2 : Proof [vr. Prof] me lord & tempte me.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2251 : At nede shul men proue here frendys.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)3118 : Godd..wild proue [Vsp: faand; Trin-C: asayed] his lete seruand..habram Isaac.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1975 : Wrethe, prefe Paciens, þe skallyd skowte.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)52/21 : When he was armed, he proued hymself ȝif he myȝt wel welde hym in his armure.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)242/13 : Þai will prufe þaim with a hate burnyng yrn, & þai þat war foun giltie war burnyd.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)64/11 : I wold tell you howe ye myght best preve hym.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)200/3 : Euery wycked man lyues ther-for..that gud men be pryued by hym.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)283 : Gode wyll proue yow son; ande yf þat ȝe be constant, Of hys blysse perpetuall ȝe xall be partener.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.25 : I bihald..the flalyngis of amendabil men, the temptaciouns of proued men.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)74/22 : He was preved by many temptacions and fownde stable in feithe and sure in hope.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3001 : King and erls wiþouten dout Þer gun him anon rebout Forto prouen his maner.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)16.4 : Þou prouedest myn hert..þou assaidest me þurȝ fur.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)373 : Gos to oure Maumetes and proues heore mihtes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.699 : What koude a sturdy housbond moore deuyse To preue hir wifhod and hir stedfastnesse?
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Widow's Candle (Phys-E)p.163 : Bi this schort tal..Mai we our lefdyes confort se, That wald profe this wifes wille.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5502 : Ich hym mowe mete and see Wiþ suerd and shelde in batayle To proue his wiȝtnesse.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.115 : I bad þouȝt þo be mene betwene, To putte forþ sum purpos & prouen his wittes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.797 : Eueryche to putten oþer at assaye In iustis..To preve her force.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/23 : Scho sall calle þe cuuent to-gidir and muster þaim þe nede and loke whilke sais best resun, and proue þair wit sua.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)38/1 : Proue þaire hertis, yef þai be to god.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)14/40 : Þei preue here strengþe wiþ wrastlynge, wiþ fiȝtynge, maystri for to wynne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)132/266 : Se þis bolde bysmare wolde presume Ageyn god to preve his myght.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)158/31 : And þereuore zayþ saynt Ion Þet me ne leue naȝt þe gostes ac þet me hise prouy erþan þet me hise onderuonge.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)65.9 : Þou assaid us wyþ fur as siluer is proued.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 14.19 : I haue bouȝt fyue ȝokis of oxen, and I go to proue hem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Thes.5.21 : Proue ȝe alle thingis; holde ȝe that thing that is good.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2383 : An ende proveth every thing.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1152 : For greet skile is, he preue [vrr. preeueþ, preeue] that he wroghte, But he ne tempteth no man that he boghte.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)51b : If þou wilt preue hit, yf hit to a beste that is in saute.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)51/22 : Þei founden iij crosses..And seynte Elyne preued hem on a ded body.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)101a/b : No medicyne schulde be preued in a mannes bodie but ȝif it were accordinge to resoun.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.851 : Yat metaill..was proved and founden fals, for tin and lede was menged togedyr.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)571 : He rynnes a cowrse to proue his stede.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.6 : To preve venegur, weþer hit be fyne.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)125b/a : Y haue seen manye gode..þingis in diuers regiouns..& haue preued manye, & y foond neuere noon bettere.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)165/3514 : [Auch: A gret kours þar was do grede] For to preve theire stedus bye.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)34/321 : This stone may be provid in suche wyse: Anoynte a man with hony and mylke, [etc.].
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)42 : The xv chapitur tellithe howe ye shall by and sell and preve your weyght in all seasons off the yere.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)14/34 : Fire preueþ golde.
- a1500 Know er (Dgb 196)1 : Know or thow knytte; Prove or thow preyse yt.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8561 : All maner of mesurys of ye mylne..schall be proved in ye sayd cowrte..two tymes in ye ȝhere.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 25.19 : Þe prince of þe knyȝthod tooc..Sopher, þe prince of þe host, þat prouede þe newe knyȝtis of þe puple of þe lond.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.52.25 : He toc..the scribe, prince of the knyȝtus that proueden [Bod 959: prouede] the newe maad knyȝtus.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)4a : He techiþ of þe chesing of ȝong men to kniȝthod and out of what place and how kniȝtis schul be preued.
2.
(a) To prove in practice or by test (sb., someone's way of life) worthy or satisfactory, prove (sb. virtuous, false, etc.); prove (oneself worthy) in action; prove (oneself to be a good knight, God, etc.); (b) to prove by testing (sth., that sth. is the case); prove by testing (sth. effective, genuine, valid, etc.); check (sth.); previnge knoueres, those who scrutinize their knowledge; (c) ppl. preved, of a person: tried and proved, experienced; (d) ppl. preved, of a person: acknowledged, authoritative; preved men of the five portes, ?civic officials of the Cinque Ports; ~ prince, worthy prince; ~ thef, a notorious thief; (e) ppl. preved, manifest, evident; of a fact: accepted; of a quality, a stone: tested and found genuine; ful preved, most certain.
Associated quotations
a
- (1370) Doc.York in Sur.Soc.35182 : Na masonn sall be receavyde..to ye werk of ye forsayde kyrke, bot he be firste provede a weke or mare opon his well wyrkyng.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5286 : At þe takyng of Mantrible toun He bar hym as a bold baroun & prouede him þar ful wel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 8.22 : Oure fadir abraham is temptid & bi manye tribulaciouns prouyd.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.485 : Benygne he was and wonder diligent..And swich he was preued [vr. preuede] ofte sithes.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)863/373 : Eustas..ipreoued was in armes swiþe gode & quointe.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)288 : Þou art God..preue þe lyȝtly a lorde in londe and in water.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)68/5 : Þis haþ for certein eueri man þat worschupeþ þe: ȝif his lif be proued, he schal be coruned.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)38/14 : When sho is prouid o many maners, þan sal man rede hir þe reule.
- a1425 SLeg.Pass.(Tan 17)1012 : Him prueth [Pep: seyþ oure lord..þat his heste wole do Þe man þat him loueþ wel, and in dede hit preouy so].
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)87/29 : Hermes seiþ þat [thou] scholdist prove [vr.preue] a man afore er þat þou trust him to greetly.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2077 : Fully resauyd sal scho not be Or tyme þt [read: þai] hir perseuerans se, And prow hir both be nyghtes & days.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1131 : We schal..Preue hym fals in his dede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)529/26 : A hors or ane ass, ane ox or a cow or a servand, all þies sulde be provid or þai wer boght or hyrid, bod a womman sulde not a man se or he wed hur.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)21 : He shuld loue me [God] moste..And so I wot well he doþe..But ȝit, for to preue hym, þe truþe wol I fele.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)253/21 : Sir Launcelot..thought hymself to preve in straunge adventures.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)187/1088 : Take your host in-to þe feld..And preve your-self doughti kynghtis.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)362 : When þou art dubbed a knyght And proued well in euery fyght, Then..þou schalt haue þe loue of me.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)211 : This science was nevir taght to man But he were prouyd perfitly with space whethir he were able to receyve this grace.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2914 : Ȝif þou say soþ, eft þou it proue!..Þou most it [sword] pelt in oȝen, And bot þou miȝtest drawe it out, Þe wold schame berd and snout.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)151/5 : He proueþ ofte his work mid lead, uor he nimþ hede þet his tour ne hongi ne stoupi.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)500 : In þe þikkeste pres he preuede his wepne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2304 : I haue assayed and preued thy grete sapience.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)201a/b : His [this stone's] vertu is y-preued in þis manere: If a man is ysmered wiþ hony and..if þe stone is present, þe flien greuen him nought.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4394 : Þe prowes of a manly knyȝt Is preued most in meschef.
- 1386-1398(a1349) Rolle Com.LG (Rwl A.389)69 : Þe fire of luf..wil..purge þi soule..als clene as þe golde þat es proued in þe fourneys.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)65b/b : Sulfur..is proued forsoþ bi experiens.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)114a/a : Y haue preued it in diuerse persones þat, ȝif a bone be corupte..and..þe grene pouder..be leide on þe bone, wiþ-in þretty daies þe bone wille scale.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)47/35 : Þe gold is preued & clensed þoruȝ fier.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)163 : Plinius seiþ þat þis herbe dronkyn with wyn wole do huge goode to þe sikenesses of þe bladdere, and he seiþ þat many men hauyn proued þis.
- ?c1450 Recipe MS Bühler 21 in SML Baugh (Mrg B 21)290 : Þey kondyn [?read: koudyn] þese gressys knowe And had hem prouyt on hey & lowe.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)68/31 : God..brynge clerkis out of þilk rudenesse wherinne þei ouermych..cleuen to writyngis of doctouris..and so be oonli vnsure trowers and not prouyng knowers.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)68a/b : This plastre is riȝt good for to defenden þe spasme, for y haue ofte siþis proued it in my tyme.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)25/66 : Who so woll prove all the vertues of the sapher moste be chaste.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)214/19 : Lo thanne in suche people be the vertues affirmed and preved.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5274 : And þat may a man lightly proue, For who so in his honde wole take A ȝerde and smertly it do shake, It shal bowe in þe shaking.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3958 : Womman ne kepte of no kniȝt as in druerye Bote he were in armes wel yproued [vr. yprowed; B vrr. ypreuede, ypreuyd], & atte laste þrie.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9373 : Þe prowesse of þis noblemen wo miȝte telle mid mouþe, Þat in armes iproued beþ?
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)158/33 : Zuo doþ þo þet makeþ hire srifteuader guod and holy man and wys and wel yproued in zuiche þinges timliche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.102 : Achilles..was..the beste knyȝt I-holde..In worthines preued of his hond.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Tim.2.15 : Kepe to ȝyue thi silf a preued, preisable werkman to God.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)323/2 : Þe King ordeyned Sere Robert Knollis, a proved kniȝt and wel assayed in dede of armes, forto be gouernour.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)97/25 : Of a childe beleve not þe counceill..Truste ye may men agid & proved.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)35a : He þat schal be chosen to þis office, he moot be a preued persone boþe in kniȝthod and eke in wise ordenaunce.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)14/26 : He, with ful good a-vise, sent hem Austyn, a proued maystir.
- (1455) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)11.366 : Us nedeth the Helpe..of suche expert, notable, and proved men in the Crafte of Medicines, as ye be.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)731/34 : There hath nat this day justed no preved knyghtes.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.KEng.(1) (Hrl 372)199 : The Fifte Herry..Riht fortunat, preevid [vr. prewyd] in pes & werr..Regned x yeer.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)122/21 : He was of hey nourtoure, wel prowed and I-lernyd of al Sciencis.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)234 : No man shal leve this arte behynde But he an able & a prouede man can fynde.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1748 : Bolde Baltaza bed þat hym bowe schulde þe comynes al of Calde þat to þe kyng longed, As to þe prynce pryvyest preved þe þrydde, Heȝest of alle oþer, saf onelych tweyne.
- c1400 Wycl.LAChurch (Dub 244)p.xxvi : Þis also [he] schewiþ openly bi discripcioun of tyme of Eusebi, Bede, and Haymound, most preued of acounteris or talkeris.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)4 : Þat same tyme Theodosius was proued prince in Galile.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)28/218 : I sey also men in mischif mornyng mekenes haþ be-meuyd, prince pesable of pes pertlich epreuyd.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)143/780 : And ȝit wol y schewe, as y haue herde of proued maysterus, a good medicyne & swyþe helynge for hors eyen.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)547 : Many men..Þorou þe, provede prince, ful proude ben woxe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12516 : A prophet proued he es.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)130 : A proued theef j am of al good name.
- (1467-8) RParl.5.574a : This Acte nor nothyng conteyned therin extend to..Barons and proved Men of the v Portes.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)129/19 : This losyngeris makyd hym ouer-sette the wysse consaille of Damazate, the Prowid wyse clerke.
e
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)399 : Mihte..bodilich eiȝe..se..þe godhede? Nay, noman mihte don þat dede; Þat is preued and ishewed Boþe to lered and to lewed.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.17.2 : Whil forsoþe wicke men han ful preued to mown [WB(2): holden for stidfast that thei moun] lordshepen to þe holy naciown in bondis of derknesses.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)335a/a : It is y-proued þat ysis, quene of egipt, was þe firste fynder of Sistrum.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)360 : First with Noe ye haue expert prudence..With Isaak prevyd conffydence.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1202 : We konnen not beleven that it is so as thou dost vs to vndirstonde; Jt was neuere provid jn non londe.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)5282 : Hit is preued truþe and fayth Al þat euer he doþ and saiþ.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)857 : Whyll a wond ys fresch, yt ys prowyd curabyll be surgery.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)134/25 : They hathe vertue and Streynth of consaill yprowide.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)846 : Youre uertue provide with your sapience..shalle your desire a-vaunce.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)24/47 : A nother maner of sapheres..be derke & shynyth not, but they be well yproved in vertu.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)29/180 : Hit is thyng yprovid that bestis that been syke, þat whenne the haue drunkyn of that water in the whiche that stone hath been wasshen in, they haue ben heled of theyre sekenesse.
3.
(a) To approve of (sth.), sanction; agree with (an argument, God's truth); (b) to praise (sth.), commend; (c) ppl. preved, approved; of gold: pure; of money: current; of morals or behavior: excellent; preved acte in parlement, an Act of Parliament.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)196 : To þe pope Innocent..he bad graunti is Religion..A[n]t þat he scholde is ordre preouen and is Revle al-so.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.34.23 : Þe ȝiftis of wicke men proueþ [WB(2): appreueth] not þe heiȝeste.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)18 : Y wyl no þyng seye But þat ys preued by crystes feye, By holy wryt, or seyntes sermons.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.29 : I ne proeve nat thilke same resoun (as who seith, I ne allowe nat, or I ne preyse nat, thilke same resoun).
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/9 : Oure holy fader..remytted my boke to ben examyned & preued be the Avys of his seyd conseill.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)340/26 : O how glorious is þis liȝt of verry feiþ wiþ þe which sche seeþ, knowiþ, and preueþ my truþe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)105/35 : In þe solucioun of þe formyces..Galien prouede [*Ch.(1): approued; L approbauit] þe whey of mylke in the whiche he hadde putte somwhat of scamonye.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)135/9 : Þese medesynes are prowyd [vr. pruyd] in sundre placys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4942 : And mony of þo mighty menyt þer agayn..And part of þat pepull prouyt hit for wit.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)171/8 : That that he prouueth is alloude, exalted, and vnpunisshid.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.337 : Kyng William his dedes..beeþ worþy to be i-preved for ensample of fre and lordliche herte.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)13.139 : God putte pouerte by-fore and preouede [B: preysed] hit for þe bettere.
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)70/21 : Þan war þise proued of our Lorde.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)280/99 : Huy weren i-prouede guode are huy i-confermede were.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)152/29 : Þet hi by y-weȝe ase guode moneye and y-proued.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.23.16 : He peysyde þe money that Ephron hadde askyd, heryng þe sonns of heth foure hundreþ sycles of syluer & of preuyd comoun money.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.1.13 : Ȝeue ȝe of ȝow wise men & herty whoos conuersacioun be preued in ȝoure lynagys, þat y putte hem to ȝow pryncis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 10.17 : He ȝaf in..þre hundrid bokeleris of most prouyd gold.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.5.5 : Myn hondis droppeden myrre, & my fyngres ful of best proued myrre.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)12/11 : Resonable surgerie I-preued techiþ us, þat þei ne schulde not boþe be helid aftir oon maner.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Pep 2498)p.26 : I rede þat þou bye of my golde tried and proued.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/10 : My boke was preeued for trewe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)179b/b : Be þer made a proued vnguent.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)148a/a : Wiþ þis preued medicine euerye fistule in þe fleische is cured.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)297/77 : Þis is prowyd thynge for þe syth, To clensyn þe eyne and make hem bryth.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)88 : Ther they may..se..What ys prevyd, & what thyng ys dampnable.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16 (Hrl 2340)14 : Anoþer peruyd: Take þe jus of dragonce.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)24/40 : Saphyres ben covenabele for Kynges & Erles; The firste iprevyde come from Flome Iordon.
- a1500 Ecce ancilla (Adv 19.3.1)4 : Gabriell hur gret graciously, That holy pynakell preved of price.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.43 : They were..set al in oon assent That al the brekynges of the brige the towne bere schulde; This was preved acte also in the Perlement.
4.
(a) To find out (sth.), discover, ascertain, realize; find (sth.); gain knowledge of (sth.); determine (a latitude), calculate (a quantity); preved oute, thoroughly calculated; treue preved, calculated exactly; (b) to discover by checking (sth., whether sth. is the case), check; ~ fat, check whether (soil) is fertile; (c) to find (sb. or sth. to be of a certain nature).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1368 : Tel anon þe king hou Y haue ȝou teld of þe fals loue; Bid him þat he þe soþe proue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.28.8 : Esau..prouyng þat his fader wolde not gladly beholde þe douȝters of chanaan, ȝede to ysmael.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.261 : The noumbre of wookes and ȝeres may be i-proved in þis manere.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)18/16 : Lok thy croys be trewe proued by geometrical conclusioun.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5555 : Okerers and kauersyns..who so myȝt preue whych þey wore..Þey shulde nat come yn Crystys herde.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)4 : Perle, plesaunte to prynces paye..Ne proued I neuer her precios pere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)377 : Dyvynoures..sought out..the heuenly mansiouns..on white caartes ypreued out be diligent labour, In tables correcte devoyde of al errour.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)7b/b : We proue, forsoþ, anathomie in bodies newely dede by decollacioun or suspensioun.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)9 : There ne is non that dwelleth in this contre That eyther hath in helle or hevene ybe, Ne may of it non other weyes witen But as he hath herd seyd or founde it writen; For by assay there may no man it preve.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)83/2 : Aftyr therten days þe preste cam a-geyn to hir to preuyn þe effect of her preyerys.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.23 head. : To prove evidently the latitude of eny place in a regioun by the preve of the height of the pool artik in that same place.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2253 : Þai tak gude rewarde Þat noder on be spede, ne oþer sparde, For no ponte þat men may pruefe, Bot anely for our lordes lufe.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2038 : Evir atte ende The trowith woll be previd.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)104/9 : We thought to preff which of us was the bygger knyght.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)19a/a : J haue goon to alle þe grettiste charnellis þat beþ aboute londoun, where þat beþ scolle bonys wiþoute noumbre for to prouen by experience þe veri soþe.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)814 : We shull prouen aright Whether the fayrer bee.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)561 : Huy þouȝten to proui with þat blod ȝweþer ore louerd were soth and guod.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.27.21 : Comme nerre hyþer þat I touche þe, sonn myn, & proue wheþer þou be my sonn Esau or none.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)30/13 : Proeue by a compas þt thy thredes lyen equedistant.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)162/2 : Most lefe, ne wolle ȝe not leue to euerich spirit, but proueþ ȝif þe spirit be of God.
- ?a1425 Castle Love(4) (CotApp 7)43 : Þis kyng thoght for to proven If his seruaunt wold hym loven.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.73 : To preue hit [soil] faat, a clod avisily Let take, and..hit wete, And loke yf hit be glewy.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3233 : We cum to preve..If he schal cheve To hell or heuene.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)429 : Loke þou trowe on þame noon yll, Till þou gare bathe proue and constrewe Whether þe tale be fals or trewe.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)203/18 : To know wedyr the morfew be curable, Preuytt þus: pricke þe skyn with a nedyll..and yf þer come ony blod owth, yt ys curable.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)299 : If þat þou be worthi to have him, I shall sone preve [vr. provee].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)37/460 : The thryd tyme will I prufe what depnes we bere.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.9.13 : Þis also vnder sunne I sawȝ wisdam & prouede þe moste.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4383 : If i liue þou sal me proue An iuel freind to þi be-houe.
5.
(a) To conduct an investigation, investigate; surg. use a probing instrument, probe a wound; (b) to investigate (sth.); examine (oneself), scrutinize; probe (the depth of a wound); evaluate (one's actions); ~ sight, adjudicate a beauty contest; (c) to observe (natural phenomena); recognize.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)20567 : Fife fote of hegh es þat mare, Withouten manes crafte four squar, So many a man proues and lokes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)1a/a : Instrumentz of yren. Som bene..for to proue, as probes & intromisse, i. serchers.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3652 : Venym in the tayl behynde, Who that preveth shal hyt fynde.
- ?c1450 Recipe MS Bühler 21 in SML Baugh (Mrg B 21)289 : Thow ne haue y not prouyd i-wys, þe book tellyth þat soth it is.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)157b/a : Þe surgian schal neuere assaie ne preue ne serche with no tent.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)99b : To prove [Monson: Proufe]:..examinare.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)318 : For thei wold þat no man shuld haue lost, Thei prove and serche al at theire owne cost.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)247 : It is a pur pardoners craft, proue & asaye.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)93 : Proue ech man him seluen, and gif he feleð þat he is wirðe þer to, þenne understonde he þat husel and drinke of þe calice.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.1.34 : The kyng..diligently examyninge the thing, made a temple to hym, for to proue that thing that was don.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.11.28 : Forsoth proue a man him silf.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.13.5 : Asaye ȝou silf, if ȝe ben in the feith; ȝe ȝou silf proue.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Gal.6.4 : Forsoth ech man proue [L probet] his owne werk.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)96a/b : Firste þu schalt in none manere preue þe deppenesse of þe wounde.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)797 : Gentyll knyȝt, How scholl we preue þys syȝt, Whych of hem fayrer be?
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 12.56 : Ypocritis, ȝe han knowe to proue the face of heuene and of erthe, but hou prouen ȝe not this tyme?
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)218b/a : Cassia is proued whan it is newe by smyl, sauour, and colour.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.20 : By wyt also þat konnyng had he wonne How þat þe mone chaungeþ for to preue.
6.
(a) To prove by argument or authority (sth., a proposition, that sth. is the case); prove by argument (sth. to be true, wicked, etc.); prove (one's intention, faith) genuine; ~ oute, prove (sth.) fully; provide proof by argument; (b) of something material, a fact or circumstance, an action; to afford proof of (sth.), prove (that sth. is the case); (c) to allege proof (that sth. is the case).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)31 : Þat maide preouede..Þat here godes noþing nere.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)100 : Ich wole preoui þat hit nemiȝte beo soþ in none manere.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)132/58 : By wytnesse of philosophye And clerkes fele..fals ich may hit prouie wel.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)163/24 : Be wytnesse ne by playtinge me ne proueþ naȝt þet he by guod knyȝt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.367 : For to preue þat þis is sooþ, it is a grete argument.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)116/892 : Now preueþ þis doctour þat a day mot be take here for a ȝeer.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.126 : The feith of holi cherche..upon believe Stant more than thei conne prieve Be weie of Argument sensible.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)19427 : Þar he proued..þat fals it was.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)8 : Ȝit I will preue þe how hounters lyuen lengest of eny oþere men.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)141 : For if we mighte our feith by reson preeue, We sholde no meryt of our feith haue.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.49 : Thilke same is iwitnessed and iproevid by right to ben eterne.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)348 : Þe argumentis maad here bifore..proven þis to be trewe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2100 : So þou us bond in balys ille, Þis may I preue be ryth resun.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3076 : Þat hit is þus trew as y ȝow say, Was afterwarde y-preuyd ryȝt welle.
- ?a1450 Lanfranc (Add 12056)8/35 : Art [L dyalectica]..techyth hym to preven [Ashm: proue] ys proposiciones with gode resoun.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)142/8 : Wronge prefe ryght for ȝeftes they wylle.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)50/24 : Þe hiȝest and openest treuþis..mowe not be prouyd bi any oþire treuþis afore hem.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.67.45b : Al þis science mai ben openli proued by Seint Poules wurd.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)70/4 : The noble booke..of the worthy dedis of Romayns geueth me matier to proue by example clene intencion whiche I labour in.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)153/15 : Valere preyseth and proueth by example that the vertuous man will certaynly that honour, laude, and reuerence by youen to him.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)870 : I tell ȝow no fabyll, scrypture doth prewe.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)218/8 : Here is I-prowid that the sowle sueth the condycionys of the bodyes.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)414 : So thofe þere be of metalle veynes more & las, It previth not that thei encrece more þen it was.
- a1605(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(2))18274 : I can make, vnto hir syght, ryght of wronge, and wrong of ryght..and preue it out by good reson.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.40.22 : Pharao..restoride þe toþer into his place..þe toþer he hongyde in a gybite, þat þe soþnes of þe remener were yproued.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.259 : Stygandus..swoor..þat he hadde nevere a peny, Bote Þat ooth was i-preved untrewe by a keye..ffor by þat keye was i-founde greet riches.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1851 : What knyht that..Alle othre passeth..ye ben the same, The dede proeveth it is so.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.481 : That pitee renneth soone in gentil herte..Is preued al day..As wel by werk as by auctoritee.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14694 : Your aun bok yee can noght spell..It prouis yow for felun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5385 : That he not loveth, his dede proveth.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.1623 : This myracle for to preue, He and his armure wer ther ageyn at eue.
- (1448) Shillingford57 : Longe tarynge of delyverynge of the articlis, and entretynge of the mater, hath do eyse, pryvynge the wyll and the pacyence of bothe parties.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.3 (Hrl 2169)189 : The pe de grewe be reyght lyne Fownd and prewyd by anerytaunce How Kynge Herry the Sexyth..Ys trewe Kynge of Fraunce.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.210 : Multitude of martyris..prouyth nouth goodnesse of þe peple..It schewith & prouyth þe malyce of þe peple.
c
- c1400(c1382) Wycl.PRSchism.(Dub 244)250 : Antecristis clerkis wole preve bi manye weyes þat þe pope..haþ power.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2739 : For sum clerkes says, and pruves by skille, Þat bytwen þe payne of helle..And þe payn of purgatory Es na difference.
7.
Law (a) To give adequate legal proof of (an accusation, a legal claim, status, debt, an agreement, etc.); also fig.; prove (that sb. is legitimate); ~ ayenes (on, upon), prove (an accusation) against (sb.); ~ of, prove (an accusation); ~ oute, prove (one's claim) fully; (b) to prove (sb. false, a felon, innocent, to have no malice, etc.); ~ for, prove (sb. innocent, a felon); hire sone preved, definitely identified as her son; (c) to prove by judicial or quasi-judicial combat (that sth. is the case); ~ on (upon) bodi, ~ with bodi (hondes); (d) to probate (a will); (e) to try (a case); -- used fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1008 : He..hath i-broke is oth, And þat man mai wel proui on him.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9552 : Þe kunrede iproued was, so þat king lowis þere & elianore, is quene, vor kunrede departed were.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1239 : Ichil proue leiȝers þai beþ Þat so bispoken mi deþ.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 24.13 : Nether thei mown proue to thee, of the whiche thingis thei now accusen me.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 25.7 : Jewis stooden aboute him..puttinge aȝens manye and greuouse causis whiche thei myȝten not proue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.15 : Adrianus heet..þat Cristene men schulde nouȝt be dampned wiþ oute trespas i-put aȝenst hem and i-preved [vr. ypreoved].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.193 : He his tale tolde, And wolde haue preued it..by witnessynge of many a wight.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)15/12 : For þe byheeste of dower is verrey couenaunt of temporalte, & schal be preued oþer dispreued, by preues oþer dispreues, of þe kynges lawe.
- (1422) EEWills49/12 : I will..þat all my dettes þat mowe be prowede..be principaly payde.
- (1425) Paston2.1 : Dawn Robert..badde hym prouyn owt hys purpos as for þe composission and þe prouysion to an hende.
- (1425) RParl.4.289b : The seid Marchantz Englissh shulde be discharged of the subsidee of that so perisshed, lost or taken, itte duely prouved.
- (1426) Proc.Privy C.3.186 : Yf any such be prooved ayenst my said lord..þe Kyng..wol..do al þat reson is.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.854 : Any thyng agayne þe kynge's pease þat myght be proved apon hym lawfully.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)112/3351 : O god of loue, thou wost y am no theef, Nor falsyng of my trouthe thou kan not preef.
- (1453) Will York in Sur.Soc.30189 : If ther be ony mo dettes claymed of me and proved..I will thei be..payed.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3738 : But nowe in his presence the soth is ful iprevid.
- (1466) Stonor1.76 : All which maters the seid Richard is redy to profe as this Courte will reule hym.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8523 : Ye bruher..sall not deny no por man..penyworthe ner halpenyworthe..when yt ya com tharfor for yar monny, & it may be prowyd.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)48/1 : To preue thys, they haue shewyd in iuggement the priuylege of the pope.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/4 : After the deth of the duke more than thre houres was Arthur begoten, and thirtene dayes after kyng Uther wedded Igrayne, and therfor I preve hym he is no bastard.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.6.5b : Certys..of right he schuld be myn, and that schal I proeve before the.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)37/16 : Te ondfule ne mahe lihen on ham, swa þet te witnesse ne pruuie [Nero: preoue] ham false.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)728 : Ȝif a clerk hath mis-do And he þe kingus felun i-preoued were..þat Men him scholden desordeini.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1011 : Puyrliche for-suore we schullen him preoui.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9723 : Ȝuf eni clerc as felon were itake & vor felon iproued..me ssolde him uerst desordeini.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4660 : Whan þe comli quen..saw þat was hire sone soþli i-proued, þer nys man vpon mold miȝt telle þe ioye þat was mad.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.19.5 : He þat smyteþ his neiȝbor vnwytynge & þat ȝerstynday..noon aȝeyns hym to haue had haate is preuyd..þis to oon of þe foreseide citees shal flee.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.47 : He heet his wif þat sche schulde after his deth preve [vrr. preove, pruve] hym gilteles by þe dome of fuyre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6625 : Bot þai þat war wit-vten plight..þe watur proued þam for clene; was na gold on þair berdes sene.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)541 : At hys deth I xall apere informable..Prewynge hys Soule damnable.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1535 : Tristrem spak as akniȝt, He wold proue it anouȝ..Oȝaines him wold he ride Wiþ miȝt.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1174 : Oppon þi bodi ich wolde preue Þat mahoun may mo miracles make.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)135/1711 : 'I was neuer traytoure..And þat now preue shal y'..And draweþ his swerd and to hem rappeþ.
- (1402) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.282 : He wolde preuen with his body yat kyng herry, yat now is, was nowt rightful kyng of Engeland.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2067 : Alle the lordes..with sper and sheld..be gadered in a feld..to preue..That thow art fals.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.855 : Yat this was trew, ye sayd John Holgate proferd to prove yt wyth hys handes apon John Lyllyng.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)45/15 : Sir, I am well ware..what I speke, and here ys my gloove to preve hit uppon ony man that woll sey the contrary.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)304/11 : I am a jantyllman borne, and of more hyghe lynage than thou, and that woll I preve on thy body.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1133/20 : That woll I prove with myne hondys, that she ys a tratoures unto my lorde, kynge Arthur.
d
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)73 : The executoures of the dede be malice or by collusyon willen not preven the testament.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)75 : The executours deyen a fore that they have proved the testament.
- (1439) RParl.5.22a : Margarete, late Duchesse..hath named..here Executours, as by the seid Testament yet nought proeved.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.30124 : I require and charg the conscience of ye said ordinary befor whome my testament schall be proved as he will answer befor God.
- (?1459) Paston (EETS)1.89 : Alle that concerneth the sale..of the said..landes..stand and be ioyntly his very enteir..wille, and annexed and proued togedir.
- (1473) Paston (EETS)1.467 : Neuerthelesse, plese yow to weet þat I have provyd my fadres wyll and testement.
e
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1048 : Wherso yow list, by ordal or by oth..For love of God, lat preve it for the beste.
8.
(a) To give an explanation (to sb.), explain; declare (sth.), assert, tell; pronounce (sb. false, etc.); to ~ the soth, wel for to ~, tell the truth; (b) to testify to (an accusation); bear witness (that sth. is the case), guarantee; ~ of, make (sb.) certain of (sth.); (c) to declare (oneself) bound (to sb.), engage (oneself); (d) to convict (sb.); ~ mid, convict (sb.) of (a crime); ~ doinge, convict (sb.) of doing (sth.); (e) to reprove (sb.); ~ of, rebuke (sb.) for (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)750 : Wiþ heie wal was closed al a-boute þat preui pleyng place, to proue þe soþe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5123 : Many loue more nete and shepe þan..hys emcrystene..And þys ys a grete vnkyndnes..And sloghþehede, wel for to proue.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.38 : Þat poule prechiþ of hem I dar not proue it here.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.30 : Poule in his pistle..preueth what is dowel: Fides, spes, caritas, & maior horum.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1158 : Danyel in his dialokez devysed sumtyme, As ȝet is proved expresse in his profecies.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)77/355 : Hit were hard to oure behoue Vche proferbe fore to preue Of our awntros alle.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)200 : Þair-for god lens vs oure lif-days, Als þe appostil proues & says.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)839 : Every thyng that is Out of hys kynde place, ywys, Moveth thidder for to goo..As I have before preved the.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13711 : His fadur..felli was slayne With Paris, þe pert knyght, as preuyt is before.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)261 : All þe notis at I neuyn nobly I can As any prophet a-perte, to proue ȝow þe sothe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)45/25 : Wherefore I preve hir false to God and to you and to all youre realme.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)355/19 : For they feyne falsly oure feyth, hem preve I houre fon.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)738 : Noo better thou art neuere a dele Than thou were before, y preoue it wele [Auch: y say þe wel].
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9871 : Þogh he ȝeue þe pore alday, For almesdede may noon it proue But if it be done for Goddis loue.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.832 : Excepcioun hym liketh noon to make Of hiȝe nor lowe, who þat were so bolde To preue þe tresoun.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)841 : Þe knyghtes saide: 'þis proue [vr. warand] will we..þat Ioseph is in his Cyte.'
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.44 : The comune accordaunce and conceyt of the corages of men proveth and graunteth that God, prince of alle thinges, is good.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1566 : Of the love of god j schal the preve, the whiche to endeles lyf it schal þe brynge.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2835 : I schal hym proue of myn empryse.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)895 : Ther was neuyr man..That be hur founde any velany, Saue they two..No mo wyll preue hyt but þey twoo.
c
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)306 : Noman holding knyȝthode to God wlappith him silf with wordli nedis, that he plese to him to whom he hath preued him silf.
d
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)10/79 : Ha lihteð hwer se ha eauer kimeð wið a þusent deoflen, & euch an bereð a gret boc al of sunnen iwriten..forte binden & to drahen into inwarde helle hwuch se he mei preoouin [Roy: preouin] þurh his boc þet is on euch sunne enbreuet.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9038 : Ac wreche of god & sunne hom broȝte þer to, Vor mid þe vile sunne of sodomye yproued hii were echon.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.269 : Ȝef they ben y preued opunly Byfore tht semble..Thenne most they nede the craft forsake.
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.10 : That is often tymes as any person of the saide craft be founde and proued doinge the contrari of this article.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2627 : For Senek seith thus: 'That maister,' he seith, 'is good that preueth [vrr. proueth; reproeueþ, repreueþ] shrewes.'
- c1400 *Trev.Higd.(Tbr D.7)127a : A knyȝt of rome..was ypreued [StJ-C: repreved] of cowardye to fore Iulius.
- c1425 WBible(2) (Sion Arc.L.40.2/E.2)Is.1.18 : Preue [WB(1): vndernemeth; L arguite; Roy: And come ȝe, and repreue ȝe me, seith the Lord].
9.
(a) To demonstrate (sth.) in practice, make manifest; (b) to give an example or illustration; betoken (sth.), illustrate, exemplify; illustrate by example (that sth. is the case); (c) to reveal (a crime, pride); ~ with, detect (sb.) in (a shameful action); (d) to display (sth., a quality), evince; show (oneself to be proud).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)199/23 : Iesu..com to pruuien his luue & schawde þurh cnihtschipe þet he wes luue wurðe.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)31/545 : Mid spere ischal furst ride & mi kniȝthod proue.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1012 : Þerffore, seyþ oure lord here, þat his heste wole do Þe man þat him loueþ wel, and in dede hit preouy so.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3963 : Þe kniȝtes atyled hom aboute in eche syde In feldes & in medes to prouy hor bachelerye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)13/13 : He aros uram dyaþe..and sseawede him to his deciples and ham prouede his arizinge.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3001 : Ther nedeth noon auctoritee to allegge, For it is proued by experience.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2283 : With martirdom they preued hir constaunce.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1746 : Hector..for no þing wolde leue Vp-on Grekis his manhood for to preue.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)356 : He mai not asoile here of a litel bodili peyne, as myȝten Petir..how shulde he assoile soulis of þe peyne of purgatorie? Prove he his power by þis lesse and suspende assoiling of moneie.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5738 : Prothesselon, þe prise kyng, preuyt his strenght, There wonderfully wroght his weghis to helpe.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)129/3859 : At nede the frendis preven what þei be In eche a werk as stondith matere.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)71/1 : For kynge Ryons lyeth at the sege of the Castell Terrable, and thydir woll we draw in all goodly haste to preve oure worship and prouesse uppon hym.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)194/1302b : To þe batayle of Troye I will ryght, To preve there my mayn and my myght.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)72/255 : He bad me take it by the tayll, for to prefe hys powere playn.
b
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)22/330 : Ha is an hundret degrez ihehet towart heouene hwil ha meiðhad halt, as þe frut preoued [Tit: preoueð].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.129 : As a wardeyn and kepere is nedeful to a childe, so is drede nedeful to citeseyns, and þat was i-preved by þe same dede.
- c1390 Nou Bernes (Vrn)30 : Lete vr werk vr wordes preue.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.61 : Forto proven it is so, I am miselven on of tho.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.856 : For in effect it proued is on me, Loue is noght old as whan that it is newe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)167 : Hys mochel mercy shalt þou haue, And þat may wel preuyd be Wyþ a tale of auctoryte.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.122 : Rede me nouȝte..no reuthe to haue..til prechoures prechyng be preued on hemseluen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3693 : Þis louerys..Her lust fulfilled, þan entreth variaunce, As it was preved by Iason outerly.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)448 : Chaistese þam..Efter þe wark..For parel þat mai fall þarby, Als wos proued of þe prophet hely.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2000 : Þe pupill out of Persy ere passandly many, Bot þam semes to be softe as þir sedis prouys.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)223/35 : I haue knowen many hole þat lyteld of þeire foode..þat by þat moyene were ful hoole of bodye..Þe which is proeved in Arrabyens walking by desertes and longe weyes.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)192/20 : This felicite..Tholomee preueth in the prolog, wher he seith he is eurous that recketh neuer in whois hondes the worlde be.
- a1500 To ȝou hie (Hrl 3785)47 : Y grete ȝou..more often..þen ony clerke may wryte with inke, or eny man can pryve by art.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1077 : Proued was son his sari pride; þe bodi moght he nan-gat hide.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.37 : Theire fals fraudes schulde haue ben i-preued.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1132/20 : Now I have proved you, madame, wyth a shamefull dede.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)116a/a : For sche is nyȝe to vs and..proueþ power & myȝt þat is kyndely in þe mone.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/a : Oon of hem [oxen] secheþ anoþer..and, ofte lowynge, preueþ affeccioun and loue whanne he may nouȝt soone fynde his felawe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1630 : Þat oþer knyȝt..praysed hit as gret prys þat he proued hade.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)150 : Welcum be ȝe whanne ȝe com prys for to preve.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)937 : Whan he is eldure of age..Þanne wol he proven him proud.
10.
To experience (sth.), suffer (woe, punishment); ~ of, feel the effect of (love, temptation), taste (food, water), have experience of (sth.); ~ japes, gain experience of (their) tricks.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5222 : Mi strengþe is dubled, bi god aboue, & þat ȝe schul ȝete today proue.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)17.273/83 : Take al þi flesches fondynge fram þe And lete hit falle on þat hermyte..þat he may of þy fondyng proue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3656 : Þou sal sai..venison þou has him nommen..þou bidd him rise þar-of to proue.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5063 : Of þis water he proued, siker, Ac þere was neuer galle so bitter.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)850 : As sharp punisshement As þat dyuyse ther kowde any wight, Thow sholdest han y-preeued by the sent.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)11/15 : In Braband has he bene..For to proue þaire iapes.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)105/2 : Where-by he may prove þe gret woo þat..lovers haue.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3037 : Þou, þat art more cruel Than I, þe maydenhede of this Iuel [Phalario's brazen bull] Shalt preue anone.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)63/1858 : Wrecchis..As doth hit them a gret tranquyllite To haue a felawe lyue with them in payne; I wel haue profite this.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)446 : Ȝet shall þou drynk a drauȝt fyne Off gode drynk, as i wene; Off Lanycoll þou shall proue.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)155/28 : The kynge hym answerid, Wylte thow my fortvne proue?'
11.
(a) To strive; undertake a combat; endeavor (to do sth.); (b) to venture on (an action), engage in (a game); try out (a medicinal bath); ~ cut (dai), try (one's) luck; ~ lif, try out (a way of life); (c) to become a postulant of a religious order.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2826 : King Lot proued, verrament, Out it to drawe anon riȝt, Ac he no miȝt.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)215 : Euer he proued to don hem schame.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)42/1180 : Senne, ȝef he farþe aryȝt, To bi-reusy he proueþ.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.15.26 : Macedonye and Achaye proueden [WB(2): assaied] for to make sum collacioun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.598 : Prelates of crystene prouynces shulde preue, if þei myȝte, Lere hem litlum & lytlum.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)22/42 : To him þai makked drete maistri, And proued to ger þe bare abyde.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)34/21 : Proue þou þorou help of his grace to forȝete alle oþer þing.
- ?a1425 Glo.Chron.B (Dgb 205)5799 : Proue [Cmb: preve; A: dereyny hii wolde hom sulue tuo, & take godes sonde].
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)183 : I shall prove with al my myghte To breke there bothe spere and shelde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)439 : To make his kelym he walde proue.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1699 : Founde y wyll and proue to turne hys thouȝt.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)285 : Ȝyt schall y oonys prove For to wynne þat maydenys loue.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11869 : For-þi rede i..þat we ger get vs leches tuin..to mak a neu bath to proue, O pike and oile to his behoue.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12632 : Com to morn & prof þy day & wyn hit ȝyf þou wynne schal.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)471 : He askyd..ȝyff ony durste come and proue A cours..Wiþ a knyȝt aunterous.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1028 : Als childre dose oft sythes, He proued many maystryes.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1368 : To þe couent he him putt In religioun to proue his cutt.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7658 : Þe fame of þaim was so ryfe, Þat þare come many to proue þair lyf.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)264/14 : Here ar adventures nyghe, and thou durste preve hem.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)360 : Now preuely wyll I preue my pace, My bargayn thys nyght for to fulfyll.
c
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6629 : At fourten ȝere he come to proue At Mailrose for his saule behoue.
12.
(a) To act; accomplish (sth.), carry out, bring about; also, refl. exert itself (to do sth.); ~ conclusioun, carry out an experiment; ~ malice upon, do harm to (sb.); (b) to exercise (a quality, virtue), practice; put (one's preaching) into practice; (c) ~ might, to strive one's utmost (to do sth.); (d) to improve (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)254/206 : Wiþ gret folk he let him lede To þe þrou þat þe child lay, to proui þe miȝtfol dede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5360 : For it is likly a þousand to acheue Þat four or five so liȝtly myȝt preue.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.4595 : She sauh she myht nat acheeve Hir furious purpos..Hir venymous malis upon hir lord to preeve.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)12/24 : The verray strengthe of mankyndli corage..proueth him to kepe, to defende the garmentes of vertues and to sustene iustice.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.23.40 : To prove this conclusioun..thou must haue a plomet hangyng on a lyne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)55.112 : And ȝe welen Me leve, with-Inne iij dayes ȝoure helthe I schal preve.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Origo Mundi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)2164 : Rag my a vyth an kynso bom yn vyag a rollo, hag a perfo [read: profo] ov meystry.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4249 : Þe proces to preue, vnpossible it were.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29073 : Þe thride pointe mesure and houe, þat we agh wit vr fasting proue.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.107 : 'Rede me not,' quaþ resoun, 'no reuþe to haue..Til prestis here prechyng preue it hemselue, And do it in dede.'
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.108 : Forto prechen & preue it nouȝt, ypocrysie it semeth.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.286 : Allas, Fortune..this is thi manere, To reve a wight that most is to hym deere, To preve in that thi gerful violence.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1012 : March..Whan..every Reptil which mai moeve, His myht assaieth forto proeve To crepen out ayein the Sonne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8433 : But man behoueþ pryue hys myȝt Aȝens hys owne fleeshe to fyȝt.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1877 : Eyder preuede hys myȝt Oþer for-to spylle.
d
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)220/3 : I ȝaf neuere þat lawe þat my resonable creature schulde be ouercome þerby, but raþir it schulde be encreessid in vertu, and be preuyd in þe soule by vertu.
13.
(a) To thrive, succeed; (b) to get on (well, badly, etc.), turn out, come off; ~ to, achieve (perfection); beter preved, better off, happier; (c) to develop; of a lawsuit: go forward, proceed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2671 : So mot ich proue, and y the, Y wend mi lord it hadde ybe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1212 : Ye shul se wel thanne How that oure bisynesse shal thryue and preue.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)5374 : First he [Joseph] was putte to mischefe, bot wele ys him has hap to prefe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1960 : Wher is discorde, þer may no querel preue, For on þat part wher hertis be nat oon, Victorie may in no wyse goon.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)9/35 : Thow sche had neuyr so good seruawntys & cunnyng in brewyng, ȝet it wold neuyr preuyn wyth hem.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)415 : Provyn, or chevyn: Prosperor.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)55.457 : For veniaunce Of kyng lambors..non lond proved there, Nether trees froyt beren In non Manere.
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)129/1630 : No man meȝt hys strokys wyþ-sytte; Þer proued neuer man þat he hytte.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2144 : But, without a party, hir cause myȝt nat preff.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2365 : Þe kingus sone þareafter-ward prouede vuele i-novȝ, And wel longe bi-fore þe fadere toward þe deþe he drouȝ.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1000 : Youre doom is fals; youre constance yuele preueth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.645 : That that is ouerdoon, it wol nat preue Aright.
- c1400 PPl.C (Vsp B.16)1.33 : Preueden [Hnt: Somme chosen cheffare; þey cheffede þe betere].
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3110 : To Coueytyse alway þou drow; Þerfore schalt þou euyl preue.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)428/21 : Þou sulde be bettur provid with sekurtie of a sheperde to fall þan for to hafe a grete hall.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.874 : This lady shal proue to grete perfeccion.
- c1450 How GWife(1) (Lamb 853)197/12 : Weel he proueþ Þat þe poore loueþ.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)185/21 : By the curiouse labour and ordinaunce that they put therynne preeuid well in manly prowesse in tyme of bataile.
- c1475 Lydg.Diet.(Hrl 2251)p.68 : Betyme at masse, thow shalt the better preve.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4630 : For quilk a frek is bot a fant, þan is he first simple, And quen he preues fra þat prike, þan is he proud-lokid.
- (1463) Paston2.294 : As for towchyng þe Lady Cha[m]berlen..þat mater wyll not preue.
14.
Impers. hit) preveth: (a) it is proved (that sth. is the case); (b) it turns out (well, better, etc., for sb.); (c) it happens, it occurs.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.926 : So may it proeven wel be this, A mannes Senne is forto hate, Which makth the welkne to debate.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4134 : So mai it proven be this cas That yong conseil, which is to warm, Er men be war doth ofte harm.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2425 : As bisy as bees ben they [women], vs sely men for to deceyue..By this marchauntes tale it preueth weel.
- (1425) RParl.4.267b : Ye same Wauter seyth..howe certeins Lordes cleped Appellaunces, where writen in ordre after yer astat, as proveth of recorde by ye same acte.
- c1440 Chaucer CT.Sq.(Lin-C 110)F.481 : Hit proueth [Heng: That pitee renneth soone in gentil herte..Is preued al day].
- (1447-8) Shillingford119 : Hit proveth by the seide boke of Domesdey that the seide Churche..buth not franke fe.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)57/1671 : Then provith welle as thenkith me, parde, That she of trouthe wolle susteyne þe party.
b
- a1325 SLeg.Blase (Corp-C 145)81 : Proui it ssel þe bet wiþ him & al þat comeþ to.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)128/12 : And thoughe it happe at som tyme that it proueth well with him, at the laste it distroyeth him uttirly.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.252 : For wher the hulles ben most hyhe, Ther mai men welle stremes finde; So proveth it be weie of kinde The water heyher than the lond.
15.
(a) To be found to be (good, a coward, etc.), turn out to be; turn out (in a certain way); (b) to be clear, evident; that preveth wel, that preveth, that is certain or obvious; (c) to be tested; of gold: be proved (pure) by testing; (d) to be found, be present.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)704 : Bytwene a male and his make such merþe schulde coe [read: come], Wel nyȝe pure paradys moȝt preve no better.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.136 : He..at a point for to haue rewarde, In doring do preved a coward.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)480 : With hert trewely he hir highte Þat he sold lufe þat swete wyghte, Proue how it wolde.
- (1447-8) Shillingford101 : Which offence preveth to be done by the consent of some of the saide Comminalte.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)679 : Heroude..was þen ful sore agast Lest he preued..Aboue hym kyng to be And lord of Iewes in Iudee.
- c1450 Metham Progn.CD (Gar 141(1))146/6 : This matere..was kepte off, as a kalendere, off experte men, off the dysposycion off the yere folwyng afftyr Crystemes day, qwydyr y[t] schuld preue fayr or foule.
- a1500 I-wyss I-wyss (RwlPoet 36)4 : Of tyme Ipast..all preuys butt fantesyes at last.
- ?a1500 Lament.Sinner (Thrn)76 : Þer charter wyll not preyf worthe a hawe.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.547 : The Miller was a stout carl for the nones..That proued wel, for ouer al ther he cam, At wrastlynge he wolde haue alwey the ram.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1637 : Worldly joie halt nought but by a wir; That preveth wel, it brest al day so ofte.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)8/28 : Konnyng is a signe of perfeccioun of a kyng, and þat previth whan he withdrawith forto take the goodis and possessiones of his sugetis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)580/4 : He is a grete enemy of all good knyghtes. And [that] prevyth well, for he hath chased oute of that contrey sir Trystram.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.88 : Some parled as perte, as prouyd well after.
c
- ?a1425 Chaucer TC (Hrl 3943)3.307 : And it were to preve [Robinson: and it were brought to preve, Of kynde non avauntour is to leve].
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1347 : Of the halle..every wal..Was plated half a foote thikke Of gold, and that nas nothyng wikke, But for to prove [vr. proef] in alle wyse As fyn as ducat in Venyse.
d
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5082 : Alle þat contre, quen þai his come wist, With sike as provid in þa partis presentis him faire.
16.
To make (oneself) secure.
Associated quotations
- c1500 Tronos celorum (Trin-C R.3.19)57 : To preue youre-sylf, take deliberacion Be lycly coniectour what may betyde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1017 : Suffyr pacyenly for my loue Off þi neybure a worde of repreve, Ande þat to mercy mor dothe me move Than þou dyscyplynyde þi body wyth peynys grewe Wyth as many roddys as myght grow or prywe In þe space of days jornye.
Note: Eccles and Furnivall both emend to "þrywe" but repreve/grewe/þrywe is an imperfect rhyme, and sense 'thrive' can be accommodated under preven v. sense 13(a) "to thrive, succeed" ; quot. a1450 reveals that preven can have this sense in regard to nonhuman affairs.
Note: New spelling 'priwe' (inf.) added to form section.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1500 *Chauliac(5) (Peterh 118)66b/a : Blodelesse proueþ manie men fro diuerse sikenes.
Note: ?New sense: '?to protect or cure (sb.) from disease.' Closest sense in existing entry appears to be sense 16.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 151/18 : Dys maner of makyng ys ypreuyd wytowte eny dowte.
Note: Additional quot., prob. sense 2.(b). New spelling (p.ppl.) = iprevid.