Middle English Dictionary Entry

prẹ̄ven v.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) To test (sb.), put to the test, try, tempt; test (sb.) by attacking; -- also refl.; (b) to test (someone's heart, virtue, or other qualities); match (one's strength against God); (c) to test (sth., a horse, an ox), assay, try; check the accuracy of (a weight or measure); (d) to select or test (recruits).
2.
(a) To prove in practice or by test (sb., someone's way of life) worthy or satisfactory, prove (sb. virtuous, false, etc.); prove (oneself worthy) in action; prove (oneself to be a good knight, God, etc.); (b) to prove by testing (sth., that sth. is the case); prove by testing (sth. effective, genuine, valid, etc.); check (sth.); previnge knoueres, those who scrutinize their knowledge; (c) ppl. preved, of a person: tried and proved, experienced; (d) ppl. preved, of a person: acknowledged, authoritative; preved men of the five portes, ?civic officials of the Cinque Ports; ~ prince, worthy prince; ~ thef, a notorious thief; (e) ppl. preved, manifest, evident; of a fact: accepted; of a quality, a stone: tested and found genuine; ful preved, most certain.
3.
(a) To approve of (sth.), sanction; agree with (an argument, God's truth); (b) to praise (sth.), commend; (c) ppl. preved, approved; of gold: pure; of money: current; of morals or behavior: excellent; preved acte in parlement, an Act of Parliament.
4.
(a) To find out (sth.), discover, ascertain, realize; find (sth.); gain knowledge of (sth.); determine (a latitude), calculate (a quantity); preved oute, thoroughly calculated; treue preved, calculated exactly; (b) to discover by checking (sth., whether sth. is the case), check; ~ fat, check whether (soil) is fertile; (c) to find (sb. or sth. to be of a certain nature).
5.
(a) To conduct an investigation, investigate; surg. use a probing instrument, probe a wound; (b) to investigate (sth.); examine (oneself), scrutinize; probe (the depth of a wound); evaluate (one's actions); ~ sight, adjudicate a beauty contest; (c) to observe (natural phenomena); recognize.
6.
(a) To prove by argument or authority (sth., a proposition, that sth. is the case); prove by argument (sth. to be true, wicked, etc.); prove (one's intention, faith) genuine; ~ oute, prove (sth.) fully; provide proof by argument; (b) of something material, a fact or circumstance, an action; to afford proof of (sth.), prove (that sth. is the case); (c) to allege proof (that sth. is the case).
7.
Law (a) To give adequate legal proof of (an accusation, a legal claim, status, debt, an agreement, etc.); also fig.; prove (that sb. is legitimate); ~ ayenes (on, upon), prove (an accusation) against (sb.); ~ of, prove (an accusation); ~ oute, prove (one's claim) fully; (b) to prove (sb. false, a felon, innocent, to have no malice, etc.); ~ for, prove (sb. innocent, a felon); hire sone preved, definitely identified as her son; (c) to prove by judicial or quasi-judicial combat (that sth. is the case); ~ on (upon) bodi, ~ with bodi (hondes); (d) to probate (a will); (e) to try (a case); -- used fig.
8.
(a) To give an explanation (to sb.), explain; declare (sth.), assert, tell; pronounce (sb. false, etc.); to ~ the soth, wel for to ~, tell the truth; (b) to testify to (an accusation); bear witness (that sth. is the case), guarantee; ~ of, make (sb.) certain of (sth.); (c) to declare (oneself) bound (to sb.), engage (oneself); (d) to convict (sb.); ~ mid, convict (sb.) of (a crime); ~ doinge, convict (sb.) of doing (sth.); (e) to reprove (sb.); ~ of, rebuke (sb.) for (sth.).
9.
(a) To demonstrate (sth.) in practice, make manifest; (b) to give an example or illustration; betoken (sth.), illustrate, exemplify; illustrate by example (that sth. is the case); (c) to reveal (a crime, pride); ~ with, detect (sb.) in (a shameful action); (d) to display (sth., a quality), evince; show (oneself to be proud).
10.
To experience (sth.), suffer (woe, punishment); ~ of, feel the effect of (love, temptation), taste (food, water), have experience of (sth.); ~ japes, gain experience of (their) tricks.
11.
(a) To strive; undertake a combat; endeavor (to do sth.); (b) to venture on (an action), engage in (a game); try out (a medicinal bath); ~ cut (dai), try (one's) luck; ~ lif, try out (a way of life); (c) to become a postulant of a religious order.
12.
(a) To act; accomplish (sth.), carry out, bring about; also, refl. exert itself (to do sth.); ~ conclusioun, carry out an experiment; ~ malice upon, do harm to (sb.); (b) to exercise (a quality, virtue), practice; put (one's preaching) into practice; (c) ~ might, to strive one's utmost (to do sth.); (d) to improve (sth.).
13.
(a) To thrive, succeed; (b) to get on (well, badly, etc.), turn out, come off; ~ to, achieve (perfection); beter preved, better off, happier; (c) to develop; of a lawsuit: go forward, proceed.
14.
Impers. hit) preveth: (a) it is proved (that sth. is the case); (b) it turns out (well, better, etc., for sb.); (c) it happens, it occurs.
15.
(a) To be found to be (good, a coward, etc.), turn out to be; turn out (in a certain way); (b) to be clear, evident; that preveth wel, that preveth, that is certain or obvious; (c) to be tested; of gold: be proved (pure) by testing; (d) to be found, be present.
16.
To make (oneself) secure.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1017 : Suffyr pacyenly for my loue Off þi neybure a worde of repreve, Ande þat to mercy mor dothe me move Than þou dyscyplynyde þi body wyth peynys grewe Wyth as many roddys as myght grow or prywe In þe space of days jornye.
  • Note: Eccles and Furnivall both emend to "þrywe" but repreve/grewe/þrywe is an imperfect rhyme, and sense 'thrive' can be accommodated under preven v. sense 13(a) "to thrive, succeed" ; quot. a1450 reveals that preven can have this sense in regard to nonhuman affairs.
    Note: New spelling 'priwe' (inf.) added to form section.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?a1500 *Chauliac(5) (Peterh 118)66b/a : Blodelesse proueþ manie men fro diuerse sikenes.
Note: ?New sense: '?to protect or cure (sb.) from disease.' Closest sense in existing entry appears to be sense 16.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 151/18 : Dys maner of makyng ys ypreuyd wytowte eny dowte.
  • Note: Additional quot., prob. sense 2.(b). New spelling (p.ppl.) = iprevid.