Middle English Dictionary Entry

ō̆pen adj.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
(a) Of a gate or door: not closed; drawn up or back; of a chain used as a barrier: drawn back; of the eyelids: raised; (b) of a gateway or an entrance: not shut or barred, open; -- also used of a window, a hole in a wall, an aperture in the body, a suture of the skull; (c) of a room, shop, etc.: with the entrance unclosed; of a pit, well, or vessel: not covered; of a missive: unsealed; of a bag: not tied; of a hollow within the body: open; (d) of a surface of the body: broken, pierced, open; of the head: split open; of a garment: not closed; also, having slits; of a roof: having a hole or an opening; of the earth: gaping open; (e) of the eyes: open; seeing, watching; of the ears: open, listening; of the mouth: not closed; also, talking, talkative; with ~ mouth, with the mouth open; also, aloud, loudly, talkatively; baying loudly; oure mouth is ~ to you, we are frank with you; (f) of an incision, a wound, sore, or the mouth of a blood vessel: open; also, not healed.
1b.
(a) Unconfined; of a forest or a tomb: not enclosed, not fenced in; ~ se, the open sea, the high seas; ~ silk, ?silk that is not in bundles, loose silk; ~ air, outdoor air; under ~ air (heven), out-of-doors; (b) unobstructed; of a street, path, harbor, or battlefield: clear, unencumbered; of the mouth of a vessel: wide, large; (c) of the day: not obscured, clear; of sight or vision: unobstructed; ~ o (on), looking directly at (a place or landmark), as you come directly opposite (sth.); (d) of movement or ingress: free, unimpeded.
1c.
(a) Accessible; also, freely given; of a bitch: ?accessible to the males; (b) of the heart: ready and willing (to do sth.); ~ to, of the hands: ready and willing to perform (deeds of mercy); (c) ~ to, in danger of (sth.), liable to suffer (sth.).
1d.
(a) Of a part of the body: uncovered, bare; with ~ face, openly, confidently, fearlessly; with ~ her, bareheaded; (b) of lands: exposed (to the sun, wind, etc.); (c) ~ quantite, the capacity of the stomach when empty; (d) of lace: plain; ?uncolored.
1e.
(a) Of a person: not doubled up; wide ~, stretched out flat on the back; (b) of a book: not closed, open; (c) of a rose: with petals fully spread, open.
1f.
Of a hound's chest: ?broad, ?smooth.
2a.
(a) Readily seen or perceived, visible; tangible; ~ homlines, a noticeable lack of manners; maken ~, to render (sth.) visible; (b) anat. ~ veine, a vein lying close to the skin, a visible vein; ~ arm, ~ place of the arm, prob. the surface of the inner angle of the elbow; ~ sheuinge, q.v.; (c) audible; with ~ voice (breth), aloud, loudly; (d) readily understood, clear, intelligible; maken ~, to clarify (sth.), explain, interpret; (e) frank, honest; of language: ?overly frank, crude, unseemly [quot.: a1450]; (f) obvious; ~ at eie, hit is ~, ~ hit is.
2b.
(a) Known; well-known, generally known, familiar; ~ tonge, familiar speech, common speech; maken ~, to make (sth.) known; refl. make oneself known (to sb., in someone's soul) [cp. John 14.21]; waxen ~, become widely known; (b) unconcealed, notorious, brazen, shameless; maken ~, to expose (an evil-doer); (c) done openly, performed in public; spoken publicly, given in public, held in public; not private; ~ dede, an overt act; ~ lif, life among the people, secular life; (d) of places, buildings, inns, taverns, shops, markets, fairs, etc.: open to the public; of things: displayed in public; of a document: publicly ratified; ~ hous(hold, open house, hospitality to all comers; ~ marchaundise, goods for sale to the general public; ~ notarie, a notary public; ~ wei, a public road; (e) ~ werre (bataille), open hostilities, formal warfare (as distinct from private feuds or sneak attacks); (f) known, recognized, recognizable.
3.
In place name [see Smith PNElem. 2.55].

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.16 : From opyn on the blake shore.
  • Note: Could be noun "open water," cp. OD 1624. Could be subst. use of adj.
  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.20: : Upon opertus Mamoschaunt.
  • Note: Is this adj. open or is it prep. upon?)
  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.20: : Opon opertus antiage.
  • Note: Noun or adj.?
  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.21 : Opyn of Penmarke. Opyn of Huschaunt. Opyn of Dudman.
  • Note: Noun or adj.?
  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.21 : Opyn Lesarde. Opon oporte londe.
  • Note: Adj. or prep.?
  • ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)21 : Opon a Wiet.
  • Note: open 1b.(c)
  • c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 113:Pope)437/404 : Undigle: opene.
  • Note: Additional quote(s)
    Note: OE: his dæda beoð undigle ðonne eallum.
  • (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)170/33 : Opun fumositees…may be…clensid by opun and snytinge holes.
  • a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)18 : Fyrst we wylyn of hem [ten commandments] be shreuyn, Yn what poyntys þat we falle Yn opon synne aȝen hem alle.
  • 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)31 : A Chamberlayn for the King…taketh his brekefast, if he wulle, in opyn dayes.
  • Note: Additional quote(s)

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • c1400 Treat.Penit.Job (Pep 2125)185/157-58 : Verrey meknesse..is þe openyst syngne of saluacion..and þen þe contrarie, þe openyst sygne of dampnacion is forto be proud.
Note: Gloss as 'unambiguous, unable to be misunderstood.' Closest sense appears to be 2a.(d).