Middle English Dictionary Entry
ō̆pen adj.
Entry Info
Forms | ō̆pen adj. Also open(n)e, opin(e, opinne, opne, hopen, opon, opoun, opun, oppen, oppin, oppon & (errors) upen, upon, apin, apeyn, orpyn. |
Etymology | OE open |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Of a gate or door: not closed; drawn up or back; of a chain used as a barrier: drawn back; of the eyelids: raised; (b) of a gateway or an entrance: not shut or barred, open; -- also used of a window, a hole in a wall, an aperture in the body, a suture of the skull; (c) of a room, shop, etc.: with the entrance unclosed; of a pit, well, or vessel: not covered; of a missive: unsealed; of a bag: not tied; of a hollow within the body: open; (d) of a surface of the body: broken, pierced, open; of the head: split open; of a garment: not closed; also, having slits; of a roof: having a hole or an opening; of the earth: gaping open; (e) of the eyes: open; seeing, watching; of the ears: open, listening; of the mouth: not closed; also, talking, talkative; with ~ mouth, with the mouth open; also, aloud, loudly, talkatively; baying loudly; oure mouth is ~ to you, we are frank with you; (f) of an incision, a wound, sore, or the mouth of a blood vessel: open; also, not healed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15536 : Heffness ȝate uss openn be Att ure lifess ende.
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)62/1080 : Horn þe wyket puste, þat hit open fluste.
- c1390 Body & S.(5) (Vrn)p.76 : Þer deþ so redi fynt dore opene, Ne may helpe no ȝeyn char.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3783 : Open [Göt: Opin] him thoght þe ȝate of heuen.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)501 : Þen went þay to þe wykket, hit walt upon sone.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1066 : Þe ȝatez stoken watz neuer ȝet, Bot euermore vpen at vche a lone.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2070 : The brygge watz brayde doun, & þe brode ȝatez Vnbarred & born open vpon boþe halue.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Pep 2498)p.23 : I wot ȝoure werkes and haþ ȝouen ȝou þe dore open þat non ne may schetten.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.618 : Thorwgh this strete he moot to paleys ride..there opyn is the cheyne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)348/12 : Þe mysrulid affeccioun of man..haþ hise gatis opene.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)74 : The porters kept full manly The yates open continuelly.
- a1450 Bevis (Cai 175/96)87/1691 : Anon þe gate he vpon look, And B. out at þe gate strook.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3759 : His loke was full louely, when ledys were opyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2142 : Ne steke we noȝt oure stiff ȝatis..Bot..werpis þam vp..& wyde open settis.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1743 : Lambard..broȝte hym at þe castell gate, And fond hyt open ryȝt [Lamb: full vp-right].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)33/344 : Behold to the heuen the cateractes all That are open full euen grete and small.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)23 : The seyd doers with the strokis of the seyd deuelys..flew wyd opyn.
- a1500 Bevis (Cmb Ff.2.38)p.88 : The portar set þe yatys opon, And wyth that Befyse ys owt lopon.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)739/8 : He..touchede þe dore of þe pryson with þis stone; Anon it was open.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)151/13 : Muchel he [Christ] luuede us, þe lette makien swucche þurles in him forte huden us in; Creop in ham wið þi þoht, ne beoð ha al opene?
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)318 : Loke even þat þyn ark have..a wyndow wyd upon, wroȝt upon lofte.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2473 : Euyn ouer þe cage, without þe wall, Þare þai made a hole ful sone..Þe hole was opin on þe morow.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)150/10 : Þe walle of Paradys strechez fra þe south toward þe north, and þer es nane entree open in to it.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)133 : Over the gate..There were vers iwriten..Of which I shal now seyn the pleyn sentence..'Al open am I -- passe in, and sped thee faste.'
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)12 : The ȝate is clepid porta flaminea, for þis cause, for it is open to a prouynce of þat same name.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)16 : A litill square hole..at the side of the bothum of the pryvay..was levid opyne to clense and ferme the said privay.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12073 : I koude wysly provyde..ffro shetyng off croos bowes, Outher at wyketys or wyndowys..Ylefft Open reklesly.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)18a/b : Þe seemes of þe scolle arn serratyk..ffor it is riȝt necessarie þat þe senewis, veynes, & þe fumositees schulden passe out bi þilke open semes.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)22/22 : The yate through which men passe into perdicion is large and opyn.
c
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)194 : Þis rym, mayde, ich þe sende open and wiþ-vte sel.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.170 : The stierne and wrothe iuge sitte aboue, and vnder hym the horrible pit of helle open.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)331b/a : Patella, þe panne, as it were, an open crokke.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Rom.3.13 : The throte of hem is an opyn [L patens] sepulcre; with her tungis thei diden gilefuli; the venym of snakis is vndur her lippis.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)396/1085 : Geyn poore folk shet was not his gate, His warderope open alle needy to releue.
- a1450 Where-of is mad (Dgb 102)84 : To glotoun, þe garner wyd open make.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)177 : Zacharie yow clepeth the open [vrr. opene, opne] welle, To wasshe sinful soule out of his gilt.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.OFools (LdMisc 683)174 : Graunteth hem a generall pardoun, With a patent to begge ther dyspence, Erly and late to walke with lycence, With open walet ffreely in ech contre.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)248/24 : He yede his way, leuynge the schoppe open, as he hadde leuyd there-in many kepers.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3316 : And if þat þe oþere chaumbres [of the matrice] be Open, and it be so þat she Knowe a man ofte þat same night..And þe seed be þerynne broght, Þei closen and holden faste.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)101/32 : Crep ðu in to ðine hole, in to Cristes opene side, mid ðine gode ileaue.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)198 : Al blysnande whyt watz hir beauuiys [read: beau biys], Vpon at sydez & bounden bene Wyth þe myryeste margarys.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)121/5 : Thai vse wyde garments..And þai er open at þe sydes and laced togyder with lacez of silke.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)164 : His blody heued, they cleued hit opon.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)945 : Ouer the sepulcre there above Opene is the church rove.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)20a/19 : If the wounde be made with þe poynte of A wepyn..it is no nede but ley a littill tent I wet in oyle of Rosse that holdith the hyed opon on day.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)28a/12 : Whan þe stede is open and þe whetur out all or som, lay A lewke mundificatiue and kyue þe flesshe and sowde þe wound.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5661 : Þe opene erþe shulde letting be, Þat swoloweþ the rage of þe see.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)49/8 : The..bretherne also shall haue vesture clasped close, and not opyn before, as honesti requirith.
e
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)5/21 : Ne heold ic þin [eiȝen] opene, þeo hwule ic þe inne was?
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)153 : Eft sone smuȝeð derneliche, swa deð þe douel ine..þe muðe hwenne þe muð is open for to liȝen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)53 : Vre egen ben eure opene to biholde ure helende.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)61/5 : Ðanne sculen godes eiȝen bien uppe ðe..and his earen opene to ðine bienes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1128 : Alle þe oðere hercneden mid swiðe open earen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)40/14 : Þe feond of helle mid his ferd wend þurh ut te tutel þe is eauer open in to þe heorte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)110/24 : Hwen ha ihereð þet god, skleatteð þe earen adun, ah þe luft [ear] aȝein þet uuel is eauer wid open.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)218/11 : Habbe eauer hire earen opene toward hire dame.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)257/1 : Me ssel habbe þe earen opene uor to hyere bleþeliche þe guode wordes þet byeþ worþ to þe help of zaule.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.6.11 : A, ȝe Corynthis, oure mouth is opyn to ȝou, oure herte is alargid.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.10 : And smale foweles maken melodye That slepen al the nyght with open eye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.431 : Be it noght so lyte, Wherof that he mai sette a wyte, Ther renneth he with open mouth Behinde a man, and makth it couth.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)77b/b : Oþir bestis..slepen wiþ open [L apertis] eiȝe & vnclosid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)267b/a : Suche serpentes and addres liggeþ in awayte for hem þat slepeþ, and if þey fyndeþ þe mouþ opene of hem..þanne þey crepeþ In.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4442 : Y þat neuer on boke couþe, Alle y hyt red with opun mouþe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)183 : I stod ful stylle..Wyth yȝen open and mouth ful clos.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)117a/b : Þe neþer chafte sum tyme is dislocate, where fore þe mouþe leneþ open.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)256/12 : Þou alonelie is he þat hase had in me þine een oppyn & sene me.
- (1472) Paston (EETS)1.582 : My modyr hathe herd of that mater by the reporte of old Wayte, whyche rennyth on it with opyn mowthe in hys werst wyse.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)46/38 : Hys mowth was open and his tonge drawe owte by his noose thilles [read: thrilles].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)82b/b : A wood hound..renneþ hidirward and þidirward lijk a drunken man alwey wiþ an open mouþ.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)83a/a : A wood hound..þouȝ hise yȝen ben alwey open, ȝitt he ne haþ no parfiȝt siȝt.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)158/18 : Vse..þe juse of fynkel, of verueyn..and oftyn, þe eyn opyn..dyppe hem..in cold watyr.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)625 : Hornys blewe and houndus ranne Wyth oppyn mowthe full mery than, And many bugels blaste, A noble noye [read: noyse] it was to here.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)17 : Oure meeke Lorde Jhesu lyft open the yghen of the hertes of appostlys.
f
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)34/12 : I heeld þe wounde open [L apertum] aldai wiþ a litil smal tent.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)40/20 : Þe wounde is open, & it is clepid an open puncture.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)222/25 : Kepe wel þe place þat is open fro festrynge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)42a/b : So þat he may brethe..be it [the incision] opne, vnto þe malice of þe sikenez passe ouer, And afterward be it sewed.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)64b/b : Þo þat beþ puncturez, som beþ blinde, som opne [L aperte].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)97b/a : As touchinge þe woundes þat persen þe braine panne, summe of hem ben large & open, þat a man may sene þe dura mater.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)120a/b : When þe wounde is sewed..þer schal be lefte a place open, so þat þe quiture þat engenderþe in þe wounde mowe passen liȝtlie oute.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)281/5 : In þat opyn wounde of my sones herte ȝe schulen fynde þe feruent boilynge charite.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)575/17 : It [vlcer] is holden open..with tentes and wiþ knottes of symple wax.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)102/18 : Aȝenst all maner of opyn woundes, Make a plate of leed, [etc.].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)70a/b : An open puncture is þis, as whanne þer is ony senewe prickid and þe skyn be open þerwiþ also.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)84a/a : Loke þat þou holde þe wounde open at þe leeste weye vnto þe fourti daies ende.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)89a/b : The cause coniunctif [of bleeding] is þis, as whanne þe mouþis of þe veynys and þe arteries ben open or whanne þe veynes ben kut al atwo.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)157b/a : Þe wounde was open & not couerid and fillid fulle of tentis.
- a1500 Med.Bk.(2) (Sln 405)141 : For a Mormale þat is opene.
1b.
(a) Unconfined; of a forest or a tomb: not enclosed, not fenced in; ~ se, the open sea, the high seas; ~ silk, ?silk that is not in bundles, loose silk; ~ air, outdoor air; under ~ air (heven), out-of-doors; (b) unobstructed; of a street, path, harbor, or battlefield: clear, unencumbered; of the mouth of a vessel: wide, large; (c) of the day: not obscured, clear; of sight or vision: unobstructed; ~ o (on), looking directly at (a place or landmark), as you come directly opposite (sth.); (d) of movement or ingress: free, unimpeded.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.110 : Wodes ne foreste, withouten palaised parke, þe comon folk suld queme on & oþer in fere..For comon þe folk it wan, wod open & forest.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1306 : His wounded broþer..þei shulde bere, Oute of þe wardis fro þe grete pres..For tabreþe hym at leyser, or tavente In open eyr.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)144a/b : 2a. is complete bi..Obuiacioun, i. metyng, of þingez comyng to fro wiþoutforþ, baþing, & standyng vnder þe open aier.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)38/16 : It es noȝt lang sen þe sepulcre was all open, þat men myȝt kisse it and touche it, Bot..þe sowdan has gert make a wall aboute þe graue.
- (?c1445) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 71.11a : Open silk of diuers colours, xiiij.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)7a : Þey most ben vsed somtyme to dwelle and reste vndir opoun heuene [L sub diuo], and somtyme in pauylouns and tentes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)32.25 : Vppon the ton side A wylde forest..the tothyr was the Open see.
- (1473) RParl.6.65b : All maner Plees..for the takyng of eny..goodes in open Se, in Havyns, or any other places..sesse and be sette asyde.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14863 : Þe sæ wass þær Dun till þe grund toworrpenn, Swa þatt teȝȝ o þe driȝȝe grund Wel sæȝhenn openn weȝȝe.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)88/436 : For ryȝt as a pot haþ a wid open mouþ, so coueytise eueremore gapiþ aftir worldly goodis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)331b/a : A panne haþ an openere mouþ þan a crokke, for þe mouþ is as brode as þe botome.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)111/4 : Crist..wiþ his liuinge and his techinge is an opene wei to heuene.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)75a : Holde þe in a playn place and in euene [L plana] feeld, þe whiche is opoun [L patentia] and noȝt cumbred ne letted wiþ schrobbes ne wodes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1575 : The Stretis were streght & of a stronge brede, ffor ymur & aire opon in þe myddis.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)270 : There mayste thow saffely..A byde for any wynde that can blowe; hyt ys an opyn havyn that well men knowe.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)96/14 : The way ys open to-for vs, & the ford that noon of vs ne couth, throgh hardynesse of our y-found.
c
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)85 : This me sleeth, þat in the open day Thyn hertes wownde shewith him so wyde Þat alle folk see and beholde it may.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)136 : Why souffrest thow him, in the open sighte Of the folk heere vnkeuered abyde?
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)20 : Opyn oo grounde, there is wose and sonde togidir..opon o the taile of ars in xxiiijti or xxvj fadome depe..Open one Liere there is stremy grounde.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)21 : Upon o belille there is in lx fadome..smale diale sonde.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8b/b : Musculous flesh or lacertous..is founden þorgh al þe body wher is clere or open & electyue mouyng [L motus liquidus & electiuus]. A muscle forsoþ is an organe of mouyng, liquide, i. opne, & elect.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)107b : When þe tymber is brenned vnder þe wal, þe wal cleue & falleþ doun, & þanne haueþ the enemyes opoun entre to take þe citee.
1c.
(a) Accessible; also, freely given; of a bitch: ?accessible to the males; (b) of the heart: ready and willing (to do sth.); ~ to, of the hands: ready and willing to perform (deeds of mercy); (c) ~ to, in danger of (sth.), liable to suffer (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1684 : Thurgh this strete men myghte ryde and wende For it was free and open at eyther ende.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2813 : The goodes he seith of thyn hous sholde nat been hid ne kept so cloos but that they myghte been opened by pitee and debonairetee..ne thy goodes sholden nat be so open to be euery mannes goodes.
- a1425 *York MGame [OD col.] (Dgb 182)xi : Men make hem yspayed, saue þose men will kepe open to bere whelpes [Vsp: saue þis men wil kepe oon to bere whelpes; F fors celles que len vuelt qui portent cheauls].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)408/34 : Wiþ þe meke & feiþful obedyens of..Ihesu..eendelees liif was maad open, which stode longe tyme closid fro man & schit.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)2176 : Art þou not..Al oon wiþ þe Fader in godhede? Heuen to þee is ay open; Al is in þi hondes stoken.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)151/26 : That land and seignieurie..from your birthe to youre last day as of itself is open to your sustinaunce, feeding and norisshing amonge the livers, and amonge the deede receyueth you in sepulture.
- -?-(1377) Tenants in Som.Dor.NQ 13274 : Also the tenantrye of Lye and Chetnolle bryngith almost 200 bests mo then they menteyneth upon her tenantrie owte of Wybroke and Stokwade grownd unto our comyn assone as hit is apeyn for hit draw to midwynter, and then thei gather home to her fresshe lese ayen and thus distoneth the comyn of the por tenantrie.
b
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)33/22 : Set be for þin eiȝen þe lif of holi Job, Wanne he was in his flouȝres of wordli auer, his handes were euere open to þe dedes of mercy.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)337 : His herte all redy opyn hit is To schewe thee loue and bee thy freende.
c
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)37/26 : The religiose man þat is wiþoute discipline is open to a greuous falle.
1d.
(a) Of a part of the body: uncovered, bare; with ~ face, openly, confidently, fearlessly; with ~ her, bareheaded; (b) of lands: exposed (to the sun, wind, etc.); (c) ~ quantite, the capacity of the stomach when empty; (d) of lace: plain; ?uncolored.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Serm.Liþer lok (Trin-C B.1.45)104 : Opin brest & singing..arin toknes of horeling.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)70 : Barffot vp-on an asse yhaltret, and open þe heued al-so.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3963 : With open hed and fot al bare, Hir her tosprad sche gan to fare.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)285b/a : In some contreys elephantes beþ y-hunted in þis wise: þere goþ in to deserte tweye maydenes al nakede and bare wiþ open heer of þe heed.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Cor.3.18 : Alle we that with open face seen the glorie of the Lord, ben transformed in to the same ymage.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)124 : In tho daies of Poul..noone wommen weriden thanne eny lynnen or silken keuercheefis, but weriden her open heer.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3252 : His helm, his hauberk, he dide vnlace; Al bar-heued, wyþ open face, Cam he.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)20a : Þey were fayn to praye..þat þei myȝt ȝilde vp hir brestplatis and here helmes, and so wiþ nakyd brest and opoun heued þey wende to werrey aȝenst þe gootis..as naked men nerhond.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)21/16 : Ponthus..lay in wate to smyte hym in the visage that was open.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)2600 : Rewthfully he dighte him there, In his sherte allone with open heere.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)1258/30 : Ever his vysage was layed open and naked.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.974 : Every yle Which was longende unto Cizile..Leie open to the wynd al plein.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)174a/a : Affrica..is clere and open to heuen and to þe sonne.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)16b/b : Þe opne quantite of hym [stomach] comonly haldeþ 2 or 3 pyncheriez of wyne.
d
- a1425 Direct.Laces in Studies Robbins (Hrl 2320)96 : For to make an open lace of v bowys..wyrke yn þe same manere, saf þere þu takest þe bowys of boþe þyn hond reuercyd, yn thys lace þu schalt take þe bowes of bothe þyn hondys vnreuerced.
- a1425 Direct.Laces in Studies Robbins (Hrl 2320)98 : Wyrke..yn þe maner of an open lace of v bowes.
1e.
(a) Of a person: not doubled up; wide ~, stretched out flat on the back; (b) of a book: not closed, open; (c) of a rose: with petals fully spread, open.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1500 : A token þe rode..A leiden it on þe herthe stille; A token Iesu, þar he naked stod, And leiden him wid opene on þe rod.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)143a/b : Þe pacient be raised vp afore þe leche..And þan be þe pacient leide wide opne [Ch.(2): vpriȝt on his bak; L resupinent patiens].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)143b/b : Comon signez forsoþ of rupture..is..fallyng doune of som þing in þe dindimo..And turnyng agayne when he is lyggyng wide open [Ch.(2): leyde vpright; L resupinauerit].
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)130a/b : Ȝif him eche daye a clister..and make þe pacient to lie wide open.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)137b/b : Þe pacyent schal euer more lye wyde open to he be hole.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)830 : Burnes wer brayned & brosed to deþ, Wymmen wide open walte vnder stones.
b
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.74 : His face was as þe sonne & his feet as pilers of fijr, & in his honde a book open.
c
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1681 : Brode roses and open also Ben passed in a day or two.
1f.
Of a hound's chest: ?broad, ?smooth.
Associated quotations
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)62 : A greihounde shuld haue..his paas greet and opyn [F le pis grant et ouvert].
2a.
(a) Readily seen or perceived, visible; tangible; ~ homlines, a noticeable lack of manners; maken ~, to render (sth.) visible; (b) anat. ~ veine, a vein lying close to the skin, a visible vein; ~ arm, ~ place of the arm, prob. the surface of the inner angle of the elbow; ~ sheuinge, q.v.; (c) audible; with ~ voice (breth), aloud, loudly; (d) readily understood, clear, intelligible; maken ~, to clarify (sth.), explain, interpret; (e) frank, honest; of language: ?overly frank, crude, unseemly [quot.: a1450]; (f) obvious; ~ at eie, hit is ~, ~ hit is.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 16.7 : A man forsoþe seeþ þoo thyngis þat ben opene [L parent]; þe lord forsoþe lookeþ þe herte.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 4.22 : Ther is no thing hid, that shal not be maad opyn.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)476 : Heil, þou hast sent forþ..Liht euer schynyng briht Wiþ open bem ouer-al.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)327/29 : Signys whanne a mannes knee is out of ioyncte ben open ynowȝ.
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)132 : Of his purpos ne shall he faille noght But on maddyng he be so deepe broght, Þat he shende al with open hoomlynesse.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)153a/b : Þe tokens ben open ynouȝ; þe pronosticacioun is þat but ȝif it be sone holpen, þe place wille enpostume.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)438/1 : The tokenes of sekenesses of þe eyȝen þat apperen ben open ynowhe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5714 : Hir norice..Conceyued hath, bi open euidence..To hir fadres bed that she Mirra brouhte.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)114a : Bote experience, þat is, open prevynge, scheweþ & techeþ vs at yhe þat þere ben oþre eyghte, so þere ben twelue wyndes in alle.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)75/30 : Þe most euydent sygne of hem þat schal be dampned, is pride; þe most opyn signe of hem þat schal be sauyd is lownesse & charyte.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.44/16 : Þey [livestock] be not Inparkid or pownyd but þey be i-founde in open harme.
- (1462) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.62 : Euery Frenscheman have and weere a Whyte Crosse Opyn vppon thair Schuldres.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)32a/b : Vndir þe arme hole is eiþir of þese braunchis departid on tweyne, & þe oon of hem goiþ to þe arme anoon to þe bouȝte of þe elbowe, and þere he apperiþ & is mad open & is y-clepid vena epatica.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)220 : I se opyn signys in hir visage that thow haste Ravishid hir.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)147/8 : In þe necke bihynde, þere ben ordeyned open [L manifeste] veynes comynge fro þe lyuere..& vndir þe veynes þer ben arteries priuyliche comynge fro þe herte.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)40b/a : In summe place veines ben disseuerd fro arteries, as in þe open oþer schewinge place of þe arme & in rethe mirabili.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)35/34 : In some places a veyne is parted from an arterie, as in þe open arme [L manifesto brachiorum].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)70/27 : There beþ þerfore in þe legges foure open and grete veynes.
c
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)33/464 : I þe telle wiþ open breþ, Mi membres suffisen to þe deþ.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)56 : Many of þe puple..seynge þe greet meruayles of god are turned vn to crist, and wyth open voys crye and say, 'Treuly greet ys þe god of cristen men.'
- (1470) Doc.in HMC Rep.9 App.1295 : The Deene shall proclame with an opyn voyce that every man and woman shall praye devoutely.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)253 : Thenne saide his lady, with an opyn voyse, 'sir, my lorde, what shull we do withe suster of the Emperoure?'
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)732 : Þatt wass..full openn takenn Þatt heore streon wass Drihhtin leof.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13706 : Natanaæl..wollde winnenn Off Cristess muþ summ openn soþ Off hiss goddcunnde mahhte.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)270 : Dame, ȝwat schulle we do Of þisse opene warningue þat is i-come us to?
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.50.8 : Vncerteyne & hidde thingis of þi wisdam þou madist open [WB(2): hast schewid; L manifestasti] to me.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.16.26 : The..mysterie is now maad opyn [L patefactum] by scripturis of prophetis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.14.9 : So and no but ȝe schulen ȝyue an opyn word by tunge, how schal that that is seid be knowun?
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)20 : Ambrose..and Crisostom..witnessen..with greet ground of holi writ and opin resoun, that verri confessioun maad to God suffisith to saluacioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)78b/a : Sweuenes þat beþ trewe buþ somtyme opun & playne, & somtyme I-wrappid in figuratif mistik.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)114/4 : His dedis forsoþe ben his hestis, for whanne he doþ onyþing stilleliche, he makeþ opene what we schulde don.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6802 : Þe goddes..maken open þat is nowe secre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.771 : Þe lettres..wer sent fro þe toun..to ȝeuen more open euydence, To make a pref of þis grete offence.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)42a/a : Þe anothomie of hem schal ben treted in eiȝte chapiters after þe diuisioun of þe gretter partikels of a mannes bodie, be cause þat sucche sensibel diuisioun is moste open.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)39/34 : Whanne it wexeþ and groweþ in þe soule, þanne is þat maruȝ þe pacience, which is an opyn euydent tokene and an open schewyng þat I lyue and wexe in þe soule.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)27 : In uirgil bookes be founde open testimonies of cristis birth.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)41/13 : Whan an article multipliethe a nombre componede, thow most bryng the digit of the article into aither part of the nombre componede and Ioyne the produccioun, and euery article wol be worthe 100, and euery vnyte 10, and so wolle the some be opene.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)112/18 : Þis mater neded non auysement, for both þe drem and his interpretacion was open i-now.
- (1459-60) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 83.7d : Henry, for þe plenare & more open profe of his declaracon in þt behalue, thenne and there instantly prayed and required þe said Mair & Aldermen to doo send for þe said William Elyot.
- (1461) Paston2.241 : The seyd Stapylton [was]..lying in wayte to mordre me. And in that I may make opyn proff.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)78/5 : How þe hirer owȝte haue him anentis þe hired laborer..may be open bi what is tauȝte in þe combynacioun..of a crafty man and his apprentyse.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)145/7 : By cause that it is an opyn thyng that he shulde so desier, it shall suffyse me to proue my reasons by good examples.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)41/30 : Þys booke..I haue translatyd with greet trauaille ynto opyn vnderstandynge of latyn out of þe langage of araby.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)103/16 : His ensaumples ben made opyn among the myracles of my werkis.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)18 : Yf eny worde seme derke, yt is lefull to make yt more open by more esy translacion.
e
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27355 : For nakin scam þat he ne mak Opine knaulage of all his sak, Noght an to preist..Bot elles to godd.
- c1440 Gaytr.LFCatech.(Thrn)8/22 : Penance..must haue..opyn scrifte of mouthe how we hafe synnede.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)228/202 : Go, gete hym þat his greffe We grathely may grope, So no oppen langage be goyng amys.
f
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.646 : Now comth manace that is an open [vr. hopen] folye, for he that ofte manaceth he threteth moore than he may perfourne ful ofte tyme.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.865 : The thing so open is at ye, It nedeth noght to specefie Or speke oght more in this matiere.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)51 : It is opin at ighe that the bisshop of Rome hath not so greet power in worchyng of miraclis..as Petir and Poul hadden.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)248b/a : Some seyde þat it is a figge of egipte, but þat is open errour, for he groweþ not in egypte, but in Siria.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)142/5 : Þei seien þat oon bar his nose kutt of in his hond..þe which is an open lesynge.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2074 : God aboue of his rightwisnesse Swich open wrong shal in hast redresse.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)13/28 : Open it is þat fortune scheweth not chere jlik to alle men at here first komynge in to þis world.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.9.157 : Certes..it is cler and open, theygh it were to a blynd man.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)41 : Freris..schullen not ride but ȝif þei ben nedid for opyn nede or siknesse.
- (1440) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)243 : It is opyn to every man of good entendement that..in noon oþer of oure noble progenitours days..soo many inconvenientes of right evel ensample have been in so short tyme attempted ayens God & his churche.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)239 : It is open ynouȝ to resoun þat ech good þing is to be loued.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)34 : Open it is, that no thing groundid may be whanne his ground is not.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.213 : O soueraigne gidoresse of verrey light, Youre resons ben so myghti..and open to my sight.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14646 : Yf on trespast vnto þe, all had [he] neuer so opyn skyll, Auder þou or oþer of þi meneȝe wold no thyng spare his sped to spyll.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)47/8 : It is opyne that alle cubike nombre is solide.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)4/32 : Of whom þis same present book is not to be leernyd, it is open bi what is now seid.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3559 : Euery poynt..of yeur opyn errours hath pleyn correccioune.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.108/13 : Thabbot of Oseney hath..þe tithe of j hide..as hit is open in the title of the ffundacion of the Howse of Oseney.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)303 : Þis is opone blasfemye.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)435 : It is openne þat we wolden destrie but heresies.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)36.31 : Rightwis sall enherite the erth..This has na nede of expounynge, for it is opon ynoghe.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)100/15 : It is open þat grete, profunde, and nessh eyen ben best.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)109/13 : Whan-euer the nodell is broken, open it is that he is..a foole.
2b.
(a) Known; well-known, generally known, familiar; ~ tonge, familiar speech, common speech; maken ~, to make (sth.) known; refl. make oneself known (to sb., in someone's soul) [cp. John 14.21]; waxen ~, become widely known; (b) unconcealed, notorious, brazen, shameless; maken ~, to expose (an evil-doer); (c) done openly, performed in public; spoken publicly, given in public, held in public; not private; ~ dede, an overt act; ~ lif, life among the people, secular life; (d) of places, buildings, inns, taverns, shops, markets, fairs, etc.: open to the public; of things: displayed in public; of a document: publicly ratified; ~ hous(hold, open house, hospitality to all comers; ~ marchaundise, goods for sale to the general public; ~ notarie, a notary public; ~ wei, a public road; (e) ~ werre (bataille), open hostilities, formal warfare (as distinct from private feuds or sneak attacks); (f) known, recognized, recognizable.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.1 : It is leuefull to see þat genesis is full opyn [Corp-O: ful knowin; L manifestissima].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 11.6 : Þe redynesse of þyn inwit is told to alle folkis, & it is open [WB(2): schewid; L indicatum] to al þe world, for þou alone good & myȝty art in al his rewme.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ruth 1.19 : Swift loos anentis alle men wex opyn.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)84/362 : But ȝif a pore man plede wiþ a riche man, þan þer schal be so many delayes þat, þouȝ þe pore mannes riȝt be open to al þe comite, for pure faute of spendyng he shal be glad to cese.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)151/18 : He forsoþe þat loueþ me schal be loued of my Fadur, and I schal loue him, and I shal make me to him opene.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)14/8 : Hit is openliche y-knowe..by open euydence & knowleche of þe trespas þat nedeþ noon oþer witnesse & preues.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)80b/a : Vlcere of hard consolding wiþ a proprete hid to vs is an vlcere which wiþout open [Ch.(2): openly knowen; L manifesta] cause may not be consolded.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)136/25 : I schal make mysilf opyn in a soule þat in truþe loueþ me.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)185b/a : Þe necke haþ summe oþer manere of dispociciouns þe whiche, be cause of open techinge, schal be touched.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.59/10 : Anooyn the godly myracle was made opyne, And of the conuent of that chirche and mykil peple, praysyng and thanke was ȝeue to God.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)104/11 : Medle we þerfore Grewe and Arabik and make we two spices of euel colrik pustles, by cause of open lore, vnder þe whiche be þe oþer conteynede.
- a1450 Who þat liste loke (Stw 951)47/303 : Open been bothe Cronyk and historie Of lancelote and of Tristram also.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)147/18 : She vsed not next hir flesche a lynnen smok, but an harde sakke, þat is callid in open tunge [L lingua publica] 'stamyne'.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)67/33 : Yt ys oon opyn preue þat abstynence fro mekyl etynge..ys A souerayn medycyne.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)49/7 : The bretherne..shalbe comynly clothed with meke clothes..wthoute it be..for a lawfull & an open cause.
b
- c1120(OE) Leges Hen.I in Liebermann Gesetze 1558 : Quedam [placita] enim non possunt emendari, que sunt: husbreche et bernet et open þifþ, [etc.].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)46/20 : A mon is uuel & seið & deð se muche mis þet hit beo se open sunne, þet he hit ne mahe nanes weis allunge wiðseggen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.10.9 : Who goþ symplely goþ trostily; who forsoþe beshrewith his weies shal ben maad opene.
- (1386) RParl.3.225a : Compleynen..the folk of the Mercerye of London..of many wronges subtiles, and also open oppressions.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)268 : Contemplatyf lyf alone longeþ to such men or wymmen þat..forsaken al open synnes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)140 : Handlyng synne..toucheþ no priuite, But opyn [vr. opon] synne.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17498 : But we soþ seide what shulde we wynne? Forsoþe, no þing but open synne.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.230 : At þe day of dome þes two þingis shulen be opyn.
- a1425 Serm.in Med.St.17(2) (Add 37677)227 : If he be an opyn usurere, he shal not be amytted to the comounyng of þe auter.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)228/17 : If þou say ony opyn, expresse synne in hem..offre it afore me with holy compassioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)274/30 : For þat my oonly swete soþfaste sone, Ihesu, haþ purchasid wiþ greet peyne upon þe cros, þei spenden it wiþ open comowne wommen.
- c1425 Treat.Sins Usury (Hrl 45)228 : Whan a man leneþ and takiþ for his lone by couenant made byfore, Þis is oker open wiþoute curtesie.
- (1429) RParl.4.344a : No Lorde of the seide Counseill..shal wittyngly receive..Outelawes, Ravyshours of Wymen ayens the lawe, unlaweful hunters of Forestes, Parkes, or Warennes, or any other opyn Mysdoers, or any opynly named or famed for swyche.
- ?c1430(?1382) Wycl.Pet.Parl.(Corp-C 296)518 : It is lefful to parisshenys to wiþholden here tiþes for opin fornicacioun of here curat.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)368 : Opvn synnare, wytheowtyn schame: Puplicanus, puplicana.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2446 : Ne lat vs neuir be sa lethire at we like worthe, To þam of Ateynes it is oure opyn [Dub: orpyn] schame.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)192/19 : It longeþ not only to God to deme of synnes þat been prevy, but also of opone.
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)104/20 : We accorsen..Also alle comyn and opon theves, robbers þat..reven and sleen and ruyflen eny mannys gode.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)234/23 : If thou a-lone knewe that thi brothire synnede and thou reproue hym befor al men, thou art not amendere, a correctour, bot a traytour, an opyn sclaunderere.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.44/6 : With open thefte or mansslautter vppon my demayne londis, they be take and attachid.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3b : Men þat han þis knowynge and torne hit in to prede..fallen eiþer in to errors and heresyes ore in to oþer open synnes.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)441 : That erle was an open advouturer.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)48 : To haue tane þing to be ȝeuen to þe pore and mani hungry, and to reseue it, is..of opunyst felony.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)136/23 : Open raveyn is forbode bi þis comaundement.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1765 : Suche maner trouthes and ensurans That thow promisest to hir by love Is open avoutrie.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)61/10 : Their wordis..will not shewe outewarde the open peruersitee to theim that falle in their daungers.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19598 : He bigrap þe king..Wiþþ derrf & openn spæche, Off all hiss ille dede.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.38.38 : Vp on þe sete of þe domys man þei shul not sitten, & þe testament of dom þe shul not vnderstonden, ne maken opene [L palam] discipline & dom.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.207 : He hadde i-doo opoun penaunce [L donec publice satisfaceret] for þe deth of þritty knyȝtes þat he hadde islawe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.636 : For, but if Crist open [vr. oopen] miracle kythe, Withouten gilt thow shalt been slayn as swythe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.790 : He on a day in open audience Ful boistously hath seyd hire this sentence.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8410 : Sum pryuytes of lechery Yn opun speche are vyleynye [F Qe les nomer est vileinie].
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)263 : In the sacrament of penaunce ben thre spices of penaunce: Oone is cleped solempne penaunce; Another is cleped penaunce publisched or open penaunce; and the thrid is cleped a priuate penaunce or a secrete penaunce. That penance which is cleped solempne is penaunce that is youen..with grete solempnite for open cryme or horrible synne knowen to all a cite or a cuntre..penaunce published or open penaunce is that..whiche is done openly in the chirche, nat with such solempnite.
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)287 : Boþe kyngis & rewmes bi here opyn oþis schulden take awey þes rentis þat þe fend haþ dowid wiþ clerkis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4439 : Alle echon, in open parlement, Þei wer acordid ful by on assent To be gouerned as Agamenoun List.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.150 : Agamenoun..in þis wyse shewynge his sentence To-forn alle in open audience, Seide euene þus.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)48a/b : Patulus: a pyn.
- (1446) Papers Trevelyan in Camd.6727 : To pay and content the seid Henry Grey..v c marcs was permytted by open proclamacion in your behalf.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)53b : Aȝenst þe time þat werres bygynneþ, loke þe contrey be warned and commaunded, by open cry ymade, þat alle here bestes..and alle oþer goodes..be drawe to strengþes, as to castelles.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1230 : If ane wil not mend her so, Opyn reprofe falis hir vnto Omang þe couent.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)763 : Parkys, placys, lawnde and londe, Here I ȝyfe þe wyth myn honde, Syr, an opyn sesun.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11565 : Hit was ordant of all men by oppon assent Þat Philmen the fre kyng shuld ferk hit hym with.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)36/20 : Þis Emperour..did oppyn penans.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.77/20 : Thei [secular priests] in theire open sermons shall pray specially by name for the sowles of me, my Wiff, and myn Aunceters.
- (1460) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)11.454 : If any Man wer Adherent to the King's Enmyes..and of that provably were Atteynted of opyn Dede..[he] shuld be demed Traitour.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)102/2 : He seyde in opyn audiens, 'Thys your place, for beste ar ye worthy to sitte thereinne.'
- (1472-3) RParl.6.54b : The Shireff of Cornewaill..make open proclamation in the said Counte at severall tymes in open market.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)476 : It were myche betere þat men lyueden opyn lif þan in siche nestis of þe fend, for siche abbeys and collegies ben hordis of synne to herbore hym.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)136/9 : In Suche shewynge and oppyne wyrchynge of good werkes..al folke may oppynly Parcew that he doutyth gode.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)203/33 : This clergy twyes in euery wike in oppyn processyon god Prayeden for the good esplaite of the forsayden oure kynge henry.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)396 : Natanell in opyn audience Before his lordes in his hye presence..Right in this wise he seide onto the kyng.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)204/9 : Opyn [CQ(1): publique] exortacions have mouevid the to this.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)76b/b : In olde tyme men vsid to ete togedres in opun place lest singulerite schulde brede lecherie.
- (1400) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.55 : Thomas Cuddemour..seide in the town of Dertemouth in open taverne be fore certein men in this same monyth of Januer seide that y have be with the forseid Erl of Huntyngdon.
- c1430 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/2)p.79 : Euerich Countere..þat haldeþ shopp opene schal to þe kynge to costome vj pens by þe ȝere.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)20 : Thomas Erpyngham, Thomas Gray, knyhtes, William off fferyby and Denys Lopham, opyn notaryes..gadrid togedris at Westm.
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.10 : Euery persone of þe same crafte that holdeth open shop in the said Citee.whan and as often as he is warned by the mastirs..that he come.
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.10 : Also, that euery persone, houshoulder of the saide craft, that holdethe open shope by the strete side within the saide Cite..paie yerly to the relef of pouer men of the same Craft xij d.
- (1438) LRed Bk.Bristol2.168 : Euery maistre of the seide crafte..schulde be redy euery sonday..to serve..al the mornyng..and than cesyng all the day..and not to holde open schoppes.
- (1444) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)293 : No maner Fisshmonger, Bochier, Pulter denizeine ne foreyne, nor Baker foreyne selle no manere vitaille upon the Sonday but yef the gretter necessite require it, And that in noone opyne shope ne other opyne places upon peyne that the Maire & Aldremen after theire discrecons wille ordeyngne.
- (1446) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)317 : No persone..take upone him to hold eny comune hostry or to be a comune herberour of eny people..but that he have a comon & opene sygne withoute & at his place.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)343/7 : Iustes & turnement were holden at London in Smithfelde, for alle maner of strayngers, of what londe & cunctre þei were, and þidir þei were riȝt welcome; and to hem and to alle oþer was holden opon housholde and grete ffestis.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)248/7 : In oppen placis, & þer þe son hath a reule..abown þe fadur, þer it is semand þat þe fathur suffer þe son to hafe a prioritee; Bod att home, [etc.].
- (1459) Doc.Oxf.in OHS 70245 : If eny Clerk..or eny Scolers seruaunt selle eny opyn merchaundise..they be talliable with the burgeises of the said Toune.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.111/27 : Þe church of Barton..to ȝow..graunted, as hit appereth by his open instrument to ȝow and by ȝow to ȝowr church.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)29 : Thoo places in whech juges herd causes he cleped hem..a hopen place, or a market.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)113 : Alured..mad an open Scole of divers sciens at Oxenford.
- (1467) LRed Bk.Bristol1.17 : Noo persoone..schold..sylle withynne the same Towne any merchaundyszes to eany other persoone not beyng Burgeys off the seid Towne, But if it were in open Faires there holden.
- (1467-70) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.lxxxiii : Yor seid por orator..[was] than keping an open in for all comers and goers.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.52a : The Shireff..make open and severall proclamations..in the open markettes in the Tounes of Pountfrette and Wakefeld.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)137/28 : Þe seide religius women sende or make attornei bi her opin writinges.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)587/19 : Hit is I-shewed by this present Instrument..in the presence of me, opyn notary, and of witnesse vndir-writte.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)588/18 : Thomas..requyred instantly an open notary to make one or mo Instrumentis.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)83 : The comons of Rome complained and grugged in open market places ayenst the saide gret astatis and governours of Rome.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)12/10 : In townes and in the opyn wayes men shuld her nothing ellis but cryes, wepyngis and deepe sighes.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.128 : Nine yere he helde his throne riall in Fraunce, And open hous, greately magnified Through all the world.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2002 : Ther say I first the derke ymagynynge Of felonye..The tresoun of the mordryng in the bed, The open werre with woundes al bibled.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)16a : Þe vse and exercise þat þey hadden in þilke vnlawful werres made hir kniȝtis þe more sotyl and slyȝ when þey comen to open werres in to þe felde.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12871 : With opyn batell wende wyll I and dyng hym doun for all his dyn.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Sion Arc.L.40.2/E.43)34/13 : Yet notwithstondyng at that tyme the opyn werre was not reysed ayenst hym.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)125/8 : Scipio Affrican..made to be seced all manener of werkis of peace and warr, both opyn and prevy.
f
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.26.73 : Thei..seiden to Petre, Treuly and thou art of hem; for whi and thi speche makith thee opyn [WB(2): knowun].
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)48/37 : Þe envyous feend of helle..may not brynge man into open yuel þoruȝ noȝt þat he may do.
3.
In place name [see Smith PNElem. 2.55].
Associated quotations
- (1282) in Ekwall PNLan.35 : Opinschawe, Opinsawe.
- (1322) in Ekwall PNLan.35 : Oponshaghe, Openshagh.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.16 : From opyn on the blake shore.
Note: Could be noun "open water," cp. OD 1624. Could be subst. use of adj.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.20: : Upon opertus Mamoschaunt.
Note: Is this adj. open or is it prep. upon?)
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.20: : Opon opertus antiage.
Note: Noun or adj.?
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.21 : Opyn of Penmarke. Opyn of Huschaunt. Opyn of Dudman.
Note: Noun or adj.?
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)p.21 : Opyn Lesarde. Opon oporte londe.
Note: Adj. or prep.?
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)21 : Opon a Wiet.
Note: open 1b.(c)
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 113:Pope)437/404 : Undigle: opene.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Note: OE: his dæda beoð undigle ðonne eallum.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)170/33 : Opun fumositees…may be…clensid by opun and snytinge holes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)18 : Fyrst we wylyn of hem [ten commandments] be shreuyn, Yn what poyntys þat we falle Yn opon synne aȝen hem alle.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)31 : A Chamberlayn for the King…taketh his brekefast, if he wulle, in opyn dayes.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1400 Treat.Penit.Job (Pep 2125)185/157-58 : Verrey meknesse..is þe openyst syngne of saluacion..and þen þe contrarie, þe openyst sygne of dampnacion is forto be proud.
Note: Gloss as 'unambiguous, unable to be misunderstood.' Closest sense appears to be 2a.(d).