Middle English Dictionary Entry
offī̆ce n.
Entry Info
Forms | offī̆ce n. Also offis(e, offisse, offiz, officie, offece, offes(e, offesse & ofice, ofis & (errors) offyd, oftriys. |
Etymology | L officium & OF ofice. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A secular position of authority or responsibility; an official post in government or administration; a position of importance in a great household; boke of offices, Cicero's De Officiis; maister of the ~, the late Roman palatine administrator known as the magister officiorum; (b) an ecclesiastical position; the office of priest; an administrative position in a religious community.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)244 : Þis holi Man was itorned..To a gret office [Corp-C: offis] of þe world.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2071 : Ðu salt ben ut of prisun numen, And on ðin offiz set agen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.41.13 : I am ȝolden aȝeyn to my office [L officio], & he was hongyd in þe crosse.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)83/349 : How hast þou rewlid, þat is to seye, þe peple and þe office þat þou haddist to gouerne?
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.36 : Þey shole chesen a Somnor and alle þat ȝei who-so be in þat office, he shal paie no siluer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)170a/a : Exconsul is he þat leueþ þe office of consul.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25031 : Pilate was o gret officis [Frf: office], For ouer Iuus he was iustis.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)112 : Þe skynnes of hertis..bone þe maister of þe herte houndes fee..þat haþ þe wages of xii d. a day for þe office.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6952 : Cruelly anon ȝe schulde deye But for þe offis of embassatrie Ageyns deth is fully ȝour diffence.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)15b/a : Collegia: name of a maner office.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)136/26 : Ilkane of þam hase sum office in þe emperour courte, for a kyng es porter, anoþer hawler, anoþer chaumberlayne.
- (1433) RParl.4.476b : True Burgeys..to have and occupie..the Office of resceite of all maner comune godes.
- (1433) RParl.4.476b : No man that hath been in the seid Offices of Corouner or vi Man..occupie not the Office of Sergeaunt from this tyme forth.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)7b : Quyncycincinnato, to whom þe lordes of Rome sende þe office of Dictature while he held þe plough.
- c1450 How GMan(2) (Lamb 853)42 : Desire noon office for to beere..Or ellis þou muste þi silf forswere, And do not as þin office wolde.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)88/33 : He putt Herland oute of his office.
- (1455) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.4202 : Robert Franke..was chosyn and electe aldreman of the Mede..and to that office so chosyn was presented.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)98b : Is þe Iustyce his descyple..for him also haþe nought þemperour ordeynd him in þis office [vr. ofys] and dignytee?
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)68.414 (v.2:p.28) : To Macedonyes paleys (maister of the offise), oones Ambrose went for oon to prey.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)361/25 : Sir Perimones prayde..to be his chyeff butler at the hygh feste. 'I woll well..that ye have this offyce.'
- (1472-3) RParl.6.59b : No Merchauntes..be chosen to bere any Office of charge..as Maire, Lieutenaunt, Constable.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)127 : Though his estate be þe highest estate temporall in þe erthe, yet it is an office, in wich he mynestrith to his reaume defence and justice.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)51/8 : The grete lordeshipp that he occupieth is not ellis but an offyce trancitory and of litle duryng.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)92/20 : As Tullius seith in his boke Of Offices, that it behoueth to him that medelith of iustice not only to haue his hondis and his tonge cloos, but as well his yen.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)156/12 : Fabius was a dictatour, whiche was the moste souerayn offyce of Rome.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)149/35 : Afterward he was in a grete offis as iuge or counseler.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)35/20 : His chayer reuerceth vpon hym the sorer forasmoche as the dedis which long to the crowne be nat wele..maynteined according to his office.
- -?-(1435) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.312 : If he wole not paie it withinne the dai of his offise of maistirschip..thanne hise successouris..gadere it of him.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.35.2 : He sette preestis in þer offises, & he moeuede hem looueli þat þei shulden mynestren in þe hous of þe lord.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Esd.12.9 : But leuytes..besechia & ezanny & þe breþern of hem, eche in his offise.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Rom.1.5 : Iesu criste, bi whom we hafe tane grace and ofice of apostil.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)20/2-3 : In þis sentence spekys sain Benet of þa þat sal be in officis, and bidis, yef þe cuuent be mikil, þat tay sal be chossin þat sal þe officis yeme.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)286/6 : To siche þat ben þe deuelis lymes be mysrulid lyuyng, þei comytten boþe offices and staatis of þe ordir.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)291/27 : If þe vycar of my sone knewe þis, he schulde correcte hem and take fro hem her officis.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)82/29 : Þe preste was a good man..and had on of þe grettest office of any preste in Rome.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick351a : We enioyne yow, prioresse, vpo peyne of priuacyone of your state, degree, and office of prioresse.
- (1463) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3269 : Þe same feffees shall..suffre þe same Alianore to yeve þe same chauntre, chapell, or office to suche a persone as þe same Alianore shall name þerto.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.17.11a : Prelatis and curatis..eren bounden bi here office..for to..demen riȝt fulli oþer mennis defautes.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)141 : Go and do þat longyth to þin offyce: Osculare fundamentum!
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cli : Antecrist cheseþ to hise discyples þe sotil & slyȝe to be in grete offices wiþ lordes & kynges.
2.
(a) Official employment in general; the authority associated with a secular or ecclesiastical position; ben in ~ with, to be employed in an official capacity under (sb.); bi ~, ?officially; in ~ mid, in official employment under (sb.); of ~, on account of one's position, by virtue of one's authority; stonden in ~, hold sway; (b) one's station in life; an estate in society; (c) menial employment, domestic service; bi ~, on account of one's job; fallen in ~ with, to go to work under (sb.); putten in ~ (offices), set (sb.) to work; (d) the employ or service (of sb., the Church); (e) ?an insignia or a symbol of office.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)223 : He [Becket] cam to court and was in guod offiz [Corp-C: offis] With þe erchebischop of Kaunterburi.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9600 : King henri wondede muche to abbe men in offis Mid him þat of conseil were god & wis.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)185 : He sett hem boþe in gret office In his court for to be.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)45 : Summe beth in ofice wid the king and gaderen tresor to hepe.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)43/1222 : God ches folk..Þat was þe kenred of leuy, Offyce for to fonge..For to seruy ine godes house.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.292 : He hadde geten hym yet no benefice Ne was so worldly for to haue office.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.21 : What brother of yis gilde be chosen in to office, and refuse it, he shal payen iij pounde of wax.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6643 : I am riht wel bethoght, Whil Danger stant in his office, Of Stelthe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2166 : What man wol noght himself mesure, Men sen fulofte that mesure Him hath forsake, and so doth he That useth Prodegalite..And namely whan thilke vice Aboute a king stant in office.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72a/b : Some seruauntz ben bonde &..mowe not..fonge office of dignite.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27170 : Preist sal þam knau..Quat man he es þat did þe sin..Man of office or dignite..Werlds man or clerc or closterer.
- a1400 Grete ferly (Roy 17.B.17)79 : Summe men vpward in þo world swymmes..As to office & dignyte & grete powere.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)755 : Breue me, bryȝt, quat kyn oftriys [read: offys] Berez þe perle so maskellez?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5615 : No man..may From þe place stere it [relic]..But þe prest to whom it is dwe Only of offys to touche it.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.775 : Þei seide Vlixes..Accorded was with a chaumberleyn Þat was in offis with Pallamydes.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)33 : The ballyves shul do be the assent of the partyes or of here owen offis, if the partyes wul not assente, chesene..iiij men.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)25/31 : A monk whech bar gret offyce in þat place despysed hir.
- (1446) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 482 : These ben the parcells that Jon Wyke and Jon Nede, cherchewardeynys..have resevyd and payde in there offyce beyng.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)7b : They stood fyue ȝeere in office in so moche þei were worþier of office þan consules.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)213/21 : Ryȝt so it faryth sumtyme in grete men þat haue of offyse to deme ryȝtfully in causys.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6959 : He kepyd þe kirk of office.
- (a1460) Let.Stubbe in Nrf.Archaeol.2354 : John Also was cyted be offyce to aperyn aforn maystr Robt Popye in ye Byshopps chapel.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)144 : Such a person mey be rewarded with office, money, mariage.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)1235 : He gave londys to knyghtys kydde And newe men in offyce dydd.
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)63/38 : Ryȝt so in þe chirche beeþ nedeful þes þre offices: presthod, knyȝthod, and laboreris.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)69/25 : Þou art prowd in herte..prowde of þin offyce, prowde of lordschipp & of mayntenaunce.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)90/24 : Whanne he remembird him on his lowe birth, it withdrowe his courage to call himself a kyng, for him thought it accordid not with his furst office to clymbe to so high a title.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)48/11 : When eny shalbe admitted to enter into this fraternite, the mynisters..shall enquire diligently of his office, astate, and condicion.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/12 : Þe loȝeste byeþ ase sergons, and þo þet byeþ in office and habbeþ þe mestyeres.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1418 : He fil in office with a chamberleyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273b/a : An Oxeherde..is y-ordeigned by office [L ex officio] to kepen oxen.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.184 : Lame menis lymes wern liþnid..And become knaues to kepe peris bestis..And pieris was proud þerof & putte hem in office [vr. offyces; B: to werke].
d
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)243 : Þis holi Man was i-torned fram þe office of holi churche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2410 : This proude vice Hath thilke wynd in his office Which thurgh the blastes that he bloweth The mannes fame he overthroweth Of vertu.
e
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)738 : The aumenere a rod schalle haue in honde, As office for almes, y vndurstonde.
3.
(a) The duty or duties pertaining to a profession, position, angelic rank, etc.; the required duty (of sb.); an appointed, assigned, or required task or duty; the expected function (of sb., a dog); boke of offices, one of the parts of St. Ambrose's 'De officiis ministrorum'; godes ~, the prerogatives of God; (b) don ~, to perform (one's) duty; perform an appointed task; ~ doinge, the performance of (one's) duties; (c) a piece of work, job, task; ~ of armes, the military profession; (d) the performance of the duties attached to a position; (e) the behavior associated with a station in life.
Associated quotations
a
- (1363) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.8 : If any of the said Craftes be rebell..that they mowe nat duely performe her office..he shal abide in prisone by x dayes.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3446 : From hire childhede I fynde that she fledde Office of wommen, and to wode she wente.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ruth 4.16 : Noemy putte þe takyn child in hir bosum & vsede þe office of nurse & of berere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Par.23.26 : Ne it schal ben of þe office of leuytes þat any more þei bern þe tabernacle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.80 : I thenke trete..Betwen the vertu and the vice Which longeth unto this officie.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.924 : Whan that oure pot is broke..Somme seyde..it was on the blowyng; Thanne was I fered, for that was myn office.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)14b/a : None angel haþ leue to take vppon him a work oþir dede þat longiþ nouȝt to his ordre & to his office.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16a/b : Gregory seith þat þe offys of þis ordre is to teche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)102b/b : Þe office of a good phisician stondiþ in inquisicioun and serchinge of causes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)279a/a : Þe office of suche houndes is..to gon aboute court and clos aȝeins þeues.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27149 : Sum-quat es to sai her nest þat falles to office o preist.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)71/27 : Þei procured nouȝt oþere priuyleges in helpe of oþere peryls of þe office of presthode.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.298 : Yif the office of advocatz wolde betre profiten to men, it scholde be torned into the habyt of accusacioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)389/13 : He took upon him þe office of my sone, so þat in þe world he was worþily clepid apostil.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)236 : Aboute that temple daunseden alwey Women inowe..That was here offyce alwey.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)19/6 : Euery iuge may note this same that hath offices longyng to iugement.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)97/13 : Seint Ambrose seiþ, in þe secunde book of Offices, þat he is from him-silf, þat dispiseþ þe counceil of þe chirche.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Meas.Treas.(Hrl 2255)146 : Among boorys, beerys, and leounnys, Myn office is to walke in wyldirnesse.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)164 : Þat lord his owen worship doþ hate Þat ȝeueþ anoþer his offys.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)12b : Þei mowe þe bleþeloker..goo and come when þey ben send in office of aspiours.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2151 : It is myn offyce fowle for to speke, Fals sklaundrys to bere abowte.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)383 : A kyng to kepe his liges in justice, Withouten doute, that is his office.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)255/22 : Betwix the plesure of god vnto vs and oures vnto hym wirkys trewe loue, be the whiche euere man feles and knowes his name and offesse.
- (c1461) Let.Oxf.in OHS 36370 : The Universite..takyng uppon her the office of the devowte woman sum tyme of Cananye, shalle nevyr cese cryyng and callyng un to Christe.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)3 : Evene as it is ȝoure deute to love God with drede, so is it ȝoure offise for to se that men love ȝou with drede.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3229 : Ferther nat medle than thyn offys, ffor..he ys nat wys That in medlyng ys mor large Than the boundys of hys charge.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)408 : Þer ben two offisis þat fallen to purging of þe chirche; þe toon falliþ to knyȝtis..Þe toþer offiss..falliþ to prestis.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)42/22 : Take neuer vpon the Goddes office, for it is not yeve to the to know Goddes pryvetes.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)172/12 : The tribus of the people, whoos office was to susteyne..the comons ayeinst the senatours.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2060 : To echone [angel] God ȝaf i-wis Ordre of office in his blis.
b
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)186 : Þe porter of þe abbay..dede his ofice in þe clos.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/13 : Þe loȝeste byeþ ase sergons..and doþ þe offices and þe messages ase me ham zayþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2218 : Who that lawe hath upon honde, And spareth forto do justice For merci, doth noght his office.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2077 : Mi conseil is withdrawe For lacke of gold: do thin office After the lawes of justice.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28366 : I..did min office na-þe-lese Þat vndespensed sang i messe.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)142/5 : Ȝif þou ȝeue þe oueral to do þin offis -- to be affectous, kinde, tretable and humble -- þou shalt haue witnesse of alle þat smellest wiþ beste oynementis.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)21/6 : He þat holdiþ of anoþer & doþ nouȝt his due office & seruise, he schal lese his fee.
- (1426) Proc.Privy C.3.220 : If it be founde..þat any of hem have not do duely his office..þan þe rigour of þestatut be execut in his persone.
- ?c1430 Wycl.CTemp.(Corp-C 296)216 : Þei don not þe office of curatis, neiþer in techynge ne prechynge.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)74/7 : She [goddess of discord] come not al for noughte, for sche did verily hir office.
- (1444) RParl.5.127a : Yef ther be..eny offence or offences don bi hem..within the Toun or Fraunchise in her Office doyng..then the Coronours..have power to make the array of the enquest.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)301/8 : Saynt Ierom chargid þis lyon to do þe ass offes & to bryng home wod on his bak.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)367/331 : Ye ben prince of apostelis..therfore it semyth you best to do this offis.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)450 : Curatis shulden wel do þer offiss & haue no more but fode & hiling.
- (a1450) Code Laws in Willmore Hist.Walsall166 : In the same maner to be levyed by the Bayly of the Boroughe, and he to have thereof for his office-doyng at every tyme iiii d.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.325 : Þe office of keþynge [read: kepynge] of bestes was þat tyme i-ordeyned to wommen.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)62/31 : Alle þeise offices ben so nescessarie to þe veyne þat, ȝif eny of hem fayle, it schal harme..þe vyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)79a/a : In particuler trauaile som lymez..restiþ & som meueþ..and as in sewinge & writinge & oþir such as diuers offys & craft askiþ.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)12878 : To-quilis saynt Iohn þis office [Trin-C: offis] did, serkin selcouþ was þer kid.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6978 : And many tymes I make enquestes -- For me that office not honest is.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)27/29 : Ye sal ordain nane for to rede bot þat can do þe ofice.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)189 : Sche hadde not office of prechynge as prestis han.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick252a : Ther are so manye putte to owtwarde officees that the qwere may not conuenyently be servede.
- c1450(c1400) ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Frf 16)176 : Louyng is an office of dispaire.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)59/20 : It myght displease..some men that a man sholde lyken the offyce of armes to the natur of an hownde.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)68/33 : She..toke vpon hir withowt envy or pryde the office for to speke.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)121/31 : Prayere was furst brought in to be a meane bytwene the divine grace and humayne necessite..which iointur to make þou shall attribute the office to [vr. of] prayer.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)54/7 : A preist of sum religion approued..shall enioyne thame pennaunce..So that none other may execute this office of visitacion vpon theme.
d
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)168/3555 : While Beues was in þat office, Þe kinges sone..A ȝede to Beues stable.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1432 : Al sal cum into her hend Þat salbe in hir offece spend.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)38/28 : Vices that rebounden vpon the subiectis..troublith the offices [vr. office] and empeirith the condicions of all the estates of his people.
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1137 : If gentillesse were planted naturelly Vnto a certeyn lynage..thanne wolde they neuere fyne To doon of gentilesse the faire office.
4.
(a) The proper function of something, esp. of a part of the body; the purpose of something; stonden in ~, ?to possess a function; (b) the proper operation or functioning of a part of the body, an organ of sense, or a virtue; (c) physiol. a service performed for the body by a member or for one of the principal members by another member; lim of ~, membre of ~ [see also membre 2. (a)]; (d) the faculty of speech, walking; the process of writing; the use of a writing implement; (e) the performance of the sexual function of a woman; (f) urination; (g) ~ of lif, the state of being alive, life.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)50/6 : Þe mouþ heþ tuo offices, huer-of þe on belongeþ to þe zuelȝ..Þe oþer zuo is in speche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)124/26 : Þise uour uirtues habbeþ diuerse offices, and mochel ham diuerseþ ine hire workes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.41 : The laste science..is Practique, whos office The vertu tryeth fro the vice.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1144 : Yet wol the fyr..lye and brenne..His office naturel ay wol it holde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)38a/b : A-mong all þe vttir membres of þe body, touchinge place & office, þe heed haþ þe beste princypate.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)240b/a : And so þilke [vine spray]..is..y-chaunged in to kynde of a roote & vseth þe office of a roote.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)322b/b : In fastnesse of an ey þe schelle haþ þe same office þat þe bagge þat þe child is y-conceyued haþ.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.6.20 : God tokneth and assigneth the tymes, ablynge hem to hir propre offices.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41b/a : Þe grustille mowe fulfille þe office of þe bone, susteynynge summe brawnes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)66a/b : Þe office of vena porta..is forto beren þe chilus fro þe members aforseide to þe liuer.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)70a/a : Þer moste be two Reynes..be cause þat þe tone of hem in tyme off nescessite schulde mowe fulfillen þe office of hem boþe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)171b/a : One maner medicine maie fulfille alle þes þre offices oþer doinges.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)231/10 : Þe kyttinge of an holwe membre, where þat a multitude of þinges..stonden in office.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)353 : Matrimonye..was ordeyned in paradise into office for childbigetyng oonly.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)120a : Þis beme..Ihanged ouerþward þe schip haþ the same office in schip werre þat haþ the beem þat is Icleped þe Ram in londe werre.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)31 : Þe eyȝen see, the erys here, þe hondes fele and doo oþer natural offices þat accorde to here lyknes.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)26 : This feld seruyd to þis office..þer was þe usage to chese her consules.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)21b/b : The brayn..Official it is seid, ffor it haþ þe office of felynge and stirynge.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)31a/b : Þe febilnesse of þe senewe þat is..to feble to haunten alle hise officis miȝte be amendid þoruȝ þe strenkþe..of þe ligament.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)55a/a : He muste knowen þe diuersite & þe profitis & also þe officis of lymes.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)511 : This was the meene tavoide first the stryves..To doon her office as natur hath hem wrouht.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.467 : As it is in Phisique write Of livere, of lunge, of galle, of splen, Thei alle unto the herte ben Servantz, and ech in his office Entendeth to don him service.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25a/b : Þe senewe..is þe way of þe heringe and..ȝif þat synewe be I-stoppid..þat lettiþ þe office þerof.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.2.18 : Sche say me nat oonly stille, but withouten office of tunge and al dowmb.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.129 : The soverein good..that is eveneliche purposed to the goode folk and to badde, the gode folk seken it by naturel office of vertus.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)141a/a : It is counsailed..þat alle be not kut for þere shulde be made a grete noying to þe pacientez about þe officez of þe brest.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.52/11 : The same day was restorid to hym the office of his tonge.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)118/27 : Eke þe vse of þat legge was as lost..for he was more greued with þe birden þan esed with þe offise.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)122/32 : He fel in so greuous seknesse..þat all þe membris of his body had lost her offise.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)49/1 : A playstre þer ys y-callyd godisgrace and haþ þe name of þe offyd [read: offys] of hys goudnysse.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)37b/a : Somme [are] membres principal..& som beþ þe membres of office þat..serueþ eueryche oþir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)112a/a : In þe fifþe moneþ venus makeþ parfit and disposiþ þe membres & lemes of felinge & of office.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)25/9 : Official membris is to seie: a fyngir, a ioynt, an hand, eiþer a foot [or] oþere lymes of office.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)16a/b : It [duodenum] is called of þe office for it is þe nyþer porte, i. ȝate, of þe stomac.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)11b/a : Official membris ben alle þo þat han office in þe body as þe corde, þe brawne, þe arme, & oþere siche.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)11b/b : Þei ben seid official membris by as myche as þei han office in þe body.
d
- (1419) Let.War France in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)81/5 : We recomaunde vs vnto þe high lordship of your gracious excellence..Tha[n]kyng your lordly excellence in as lowely maner as office of writing may conteyne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5530 : Anoon he lost þe offys of spekyng.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.3 : I, stille, recordede these thynges with myself and merkid my weply compleynte with office of poyntel.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.112 : Ne thou doutest nat..that thilke naturel office of goinge ne be the office of feet?
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 12.11 : A foul thing it is anentis assiries if a womman scorne a man, doynge þat she passe fro hym wiþoute hir offise.
f
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.127 : Membres..of generacioun..maked been for bothe, That is to seye, for office and for ese Of engendrure.
g
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)67b/b : He hatte defunctus, for he haþ left þe office of lif [L vite officio].
5.
(a) An ecclesiastical service or mass, esp. for the dead; also, a pagan religious service or ceremony; ~ of the messe, the mass; don ~, to perform (one's) divine service; don the ~, celebrate mass; werken ~, celebrate a mass for the dead; (b) the introit of the mass; ~ of (the) messe; (c) ~ of preiinge, the regular performance of prayer; (d) holi ~, the performance of religious ceremonies; (e) a book containing a particular version of a rite.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2758 : Þe holy bischop..For him dede þe office; In erþe he was sikerliche Layd swiþe nobeliche.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3112 : Þe bischop Brice Arthour crouned & dede þe office.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2863 : He wolde make a fyr in which the office Funeral he myghte al acomplice.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.459 : No fader folweþ þe offys of his sones deeþ.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/b : Al þe office of þe day is endid vndir compendiousnesse of most schort euensong.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)334a/b : Tibia..was som tyme an instrument of deole & sorwe þat men vsede in office and sepultures of dede men.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)581 : Þo preste turnes til his seruyce and saies forthe more of his office.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.379 : I am afered of folke of holikirke Lest þei ouerhuppen..in offices & in houres.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3791 : Þis may be þe right skille why..for þe dedes use þat office to wirk.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)19/9 : In þis sentence tellis sain benet hu ye sal do yure office when ye cume in-to þe kyrke.
- a1425 LFMass Bk.(Cmb Gg.5.31)84 : If þou oght of letterure cane, Vnto preste herkyn þu þan, Hys office, praies, and pystill.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)50 : This day, as holy chirche syngeth in the office of the masse, after the prophecie of ysaie, 'a child is borne to vs'.
- c1440 I conjoure the laythely (Thrn)6 : I conjoure the, laythely beste..With þe Office of þe Messe..awaye mote þou wende.
- a1450 As I went on Yole (Sln 2593)p.309 : Jankyn began the Offys on the Yol Day.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)22.9 : This psalme is songen in the office of ded men.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)232/35 : The Office of Dede folowe[þ] the triduan sepulcre of Crist and foloweþ the trays of hym.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)85/32 : Be alle þinges in þe office of oure blissid ladi; be hit kepte wiþ deuowte preyinge for þe dede.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)104/20 : Sche schal bigynne þe office in here sege & here visage turnid to þe awter.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)942 : He song þulke masse ilome, for al-so heo bi-ginnez Þe furste offiz [Ashm: vers þer of] is propre inov to þe stat þat he was Inne.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)86 : Bi þis tyme..þo prest bigynnes office of messe.
- (1455) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15146 : Item, j Grayel noted, begynnyng with the office of Seynt Anne.
- (1455) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15149 : Item, one old lytyl mass boke un-binded, begynnyng with the Office 'Benedicta sit Sancta Trinitas'..Item, another old boke..endeth with office of the mass of the Holy Crosse, 'Nos autem gloriari oportet'.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)88a : Office of þe messe: officium, Introitus.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3094 : Two Angels clerly þer bigunnen þe offys of þe mas.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3899 : Sexagesme is bygynyng opon þat selue Sononday that we this offys con syng, 'Exurge domine'.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)28/20 : Two yonge men stondyng in myddis the queer..deuowtly begonne the office of the masse.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)52/10 : The Sexagesime..endeþ in the iiii ferye after Paske when this is the offysse: 'Venite, benedicti patris mei, et cetera'.
c
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)396 : Ouȝte no man..to forbere..þoruȝ eny long tyme þe office of preiyng.
d
- c1450 Form Excom.(3) (Dc 60)106/53 : We accorsen..Also al that defoulen Seyntwary where-for þe holy office is withdrawe.
e
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)59.552 (v.1:p.368) : This fynally was the concorde sentence of hem al, that bothen offices shuld be leid eche by the self on Seynt Petris awtier.
6.
(a) A place for conducting business, an office; (b) hous of ~, a room, apartment, or outbuilding devoted to domestic work or household storage; houses of ~ (offices); ~ hous, an outbuilding devoted to domestic work; (c) pl. outbuildings; (d) a domestic department in a great household; (e) an official; also coll. officials; (f) a government or civic department.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1577 : I wol han xij pens..Or I wol somoune hire vnto oure office.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)363 : Offyce, or place of offyce: Officina.
- (1451) Pet.Hen.VI in Archaeol.Ael.n.s.3185 : In the ixe. Rolle in the office of the Kynges Remembrauncer more pleinlie it is conteigned.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.264 : Al the paleys put was in array, Bothe halle and chambres..Houses of office stuffed with plentee.
- (1414) RParl.4.60b : Ther was made gret wast..of Halles and of Chambres and othere houses of office.
- (1419) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8514 : A close of the erchebisshope was drowned yerly..and also thaire halles and thaire houses of office.
- (1427) Reg.Langley in Sur.Soc.16963 : I wyl that the stuffe of alle myn howses of offices, as kychyn, panetre, and buttre and suche othir remayne to my son.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)27/9 : The monke..led hir in-to a fayr hows of offyce, made hir a gret dyner, & sythen ȝaf hyr gold to prey for hym.
- (1447-8) in Salzman Building in Engl.522 : Beyond thees housynges..a bak hous and bruehous and other houses of Offices.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)8018 : Þe bischope gart make all þe kirke; Þe monkys þaire office hous gart wyrke.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)78/5 : And ther was about þe quarters 1 stagis without alle the housis of officis, chambirs, and stables.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/134 : Make in thi ship..houses of offyce mo ffor beestis.
c
- (a1422) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)117.5842 : Abbeyes, Priories, hospitals, chaunteries and chappels, chaces, parkes, offices, milnes, weres, [etc.].
- c1460 Oseney Reg.57/28-58/1 : And of all officis þe which been i-sett beyonde þe oolde curse of þem þat is i-callid Eldee and towarde þe weste, and vppon obuencions and oþer parysshall profites of seruauntes in þe same offices lyvynge.
d
- (1454) Proc.Privy C.6.227 : Thoffice of þe spicery, v persones.
- (1454) Proc.Privy C.6.231 : Thoffice of the lauendrie.
- (1454) Proc.Privy C.6.233 : Thoffice of þe stable.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)75 : Office of sellar within the Kinges household hath a sergeaunt that shall receive all the wynes.
e
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)85/22 : He pleide so sweetly þat..alle þe helly offices lefte there besinesses.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)79 : Pluto, Lucifere, Cerebrus, and Acaron..sawe that the offices [vr. officers; F offices] off hell peynnes lefte and cesed.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)108b : Whane I herde þe worde of his heest, I qwaked for dred and alle my willed [read: wikked] offyces [vr. offys] with me were astonyed.
- a1600(1472) Rec.Bluemantle (Jul C.6)383,384 : The Kinge of his grace gave vnto his office of armes his larges..Mr. Garter gave hym thankes in the name of all the office.
f
- (1435) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)130.6460A : John Duc of Bedford..Admirall of Englond in the office of þe admiralte in the Countees of Kent, Sussex, [etc.].
- (1469) Liber Albus Oxf.79 : The seale of the office of the Mayralte of the towne of Oxford.
7.
A legal inquiry into the title to property, an inquest of office; also, legal procedure [quot.: c1450]; enqueste of ~ [see enqueste 2. (c)]; finden ~ [see finden 20. (b)]; taken ~, to return a verdict in an inquest of office.
Associated quotations
- (1432) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)26.1259 : Of the whiche Maner the seyd Oratrice was pesably seised vnto by Robert Treage, and Richard Penpons be an Offyce was put out.
- (1444) RParl.5.117b : If any man traverse any Office take byfore any Eschetour..no protection be allowyd nor alowable.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)57/35 : Alle þat..turbelyn þe ordynaryes and here offycerys..þat þe offyce & þe iugement is wrongefully lettyd.
- (1459) RParl.5.371a : The Manere..was seasid into his handys by vertu of an enquest takyn aforne his Eschetour..the which Offices John Fastolf Knyght..tentid to traverse.
- (1469) Stonor1.105 : I had borowed iij li. to content and paye Rayne of Devonshir for your offis upon the diem clausit extremum.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.25b : All Offices founden of the premisses or of any of theym..be from the first day of this present Parlement voide.
8.
A service done toward someone.
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.9.12 : The mynisterie of this office not oonly fillith tho thingis that faylen to hooly men but also aboundith by manye in doynge of thankingis to the Lord.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.36 : For the trauers of an office þat was fonden and taken a forn John of Stauerton and Richard Bowett, Escheatoure.
Note: Antedates sense 7..
- (1444) RParl.5.123a : Syteers..ben true Burgeys and receantz within the seid Toun, to have and to occupie from this tyme forth the Office of resceite of all maner commen godes that cometh..yerely to the commen Escheker of the seid Toun.
Note: Additional quot. (verbatim (1433) in sense 1.(a)).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (c1475) Doc.in Bk.Brome (Brm)141, 142 : All..myssys, londes, tenementes, medowys..with þer pertynences..to þe eyrys and seyneys of them on to þe evse of..William B. þe elder..on to þe holl lyffe of þe same William, of þe chyffe lordes of thowfeys be þe serueys þer-of dew.
Note: New form: In contraction: thoufeis. (?or thowfeis.)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 4.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. limb of office.