Middle English Dictionary Entry

offī̆ce n.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) A secular position of authority or responsibility; an official post in government or administration; a position of importance in a great household; boke of offices, Cicero's De Officiis; maister of the ~, the late Roman palatine administrator known as the magister officiorum; (b) an ecclesiastical position; the office of priest; an administrative position in a religious community.
2.
(a) Official employment in general; the authority associated with a secular or ecclesiastical position; ben in ~ with, to be employed in an official capacity under (sb.); bi ~, ?officially; in ~ mid, in official employment under (sb.); of ~, on account of one's position, by virtue of one's authority; stonden in ~, hold sway; (b) one's station in life; an estate in society; (c) menial employment, domestic service; bi ~, on account of one's job; fallen in ~ with, to go to work under (sb.); putten in ~ (offices), set (sb.) to work; (d) the employ or service (of sb., the Church); (e) ?an insignia or a symbol of office.
3.
(a) The duty or duties pertaining to a profession, position, angelic rank, etc.; the required duty (of sb.); an appointed, assigned, or required task or duty; the expected function (of sb., a dog); boke of offices, one of the parts of St. Ambrose's 'De officiis ministrorum'; godes ~, the prerogatives of God; (b) don ~, to perform (one's) duty; perform an appointed task; ~ doinge, the performance of (one's) duties; (c) a piece of work, job, task; ~ of armes, the military profession; (d) the performance of the duties attached to a position; (e) the behavior associated with a station in life.
4.
(a) The proper function of something, esp. of a part of the body; the purpose of something; stonden in ~, ?to possess a function; (b) the proper operation or functioning of a part of the body, an organ of sense, or a virtue; (c) physiol. a service performed for the body by a member or for one of the principal members by another member; lim of ~, membre of ~ [see also membre 2. (a)]; (d) the faculty of speech, walking; the process of writing; the use of a writing implement; (e) the performance of the sexual function of a woman; (f) urination; (g) ~ of lif, the state of being alive, life.
5.
(a) An ecclesiastical service or mass, esp. for the dead; also, a pagan religious service or ceremony; ~ of the messe, the mass; don ~, to perform (one's) divine service; don the ~, celebrate mass; werken ~, celebrate a mass for the dead; (b) the introit of the mass; ~ of (the) messe; (c) ~ of preiinge, the regular performance of prayer; (d) holi ~, the performance of religious ceremonies; (e) a book containing a particular version of a rite.
6.
(a) A place for conducting business, an office; (b) hous of ~, a room, apartment, or outbuilding devoted to domestic work or household storage; houses of ~ (offices); ~ hous, an outbuilding devoted to domestic work; (c) pl. outbuildings; (d) a domestic department in a great household; (e) an official; also coll. officials; (f) a government or civic department.
7.
A legal inquiry into the title to property, an inquest of office; also, legal procedure [quot.: c1450]; enqueste of ~ [see enqueste 2. (c)]; finden ~ [see finden 20. (b)]; taken ~, to return a verdict in an inquest of office.
8.
A service done toward someone.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.36 : For the trauers of an office þat was fonden and taken a forn John of Stauerton and Richard Bowett, Escheatoure.
  • Note: Antedates sense 7..
  • (1444) RParl.5.123a : Syteers..ben true Burgeys and receantz within the seid Toun, to have and to occupie from this tyme forth the Office of resceite of all maner commen godes that cometh..yerely to the commen Escheker of the seid Toun.
  • Note: Additional quot. (verbatim (1433) in sense 1.(a)).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (c1475) Doc.in Bk.Brome (Brm)141, 142 : All..myssys, londes, tenementes, medowys..with þer pertynences..to þe eyrys and seyneys of them on to þe evse of..William B. þe elder..on to þe holl lyffe of þe same William, of þe chyffe lordes of thowfeys be þe serueys þer-of dew.
Note: New form: In contraction: thoufeis. (?or thowfeis.)

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Med., etc. (sense 4.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. limb of office.