The practice of pasturing, or permitting the pasturing, of livestock; also the right to do so, or the land so used. …

(a) To use or let (land, esp. woods) for pasture; ben agisted, have a right to pasture; (b) to pasture (livestock), or put to pasture, for a rent. …

A forest officer in charge of pasturing livestock; also as surname. …

(a) The alloying of a noble metal with a base metal; debasing a noble metal or coin by this means; (b) dilution of wine. …

The office of an alderman. …

A bucket; also, a liquid measure. …

(a) A penalty imposed upon an offender or defaulter, esp. one imposed 'at the mercy', i.e. at the discretion, of the court (as distinct from a statutory fine); amercement; (b) the income from such……

(a) Eel [prob. only OF & AL]; (b) an endoparasitic 'worm'. …

A charge for anchoring a ship in a harbor. …

(a) Law To appropriate (common land) to one's own use and profit [in accordance with the Statutes of Merton (1236) and Westminster (1285)]; -- refl. & intr.; (b) to assign (sth.) as property; (c) to……

Some kind of rent due a feudal lord. …

(a) The 'art' or 'science' of measuring and calculating, being one of the four disciplines comprised in the quadrivium (along with geometry, astronomy, and music); (b) a treatise on this 'science'. …

(a) A nobleman or lord; knight, warrior; (b) specif., a royal prince, an heir apparent. …

Law The act of distraining (sb.) to appear in court, or of sequestering (property); also, a writ of distraint, writ of attachement. …

Law (a) To distrain or bind (sb.) to appear in court; attachen bodi, distrain (someone's) person; attachen bi borwes; (b) to take into custody, arrest (sb.), take prisoner; (c) to sequester or attach……

Law A person formally designated or appointed to represent a litigant in court or to transact official business; legal agent, attorney, advocate; attourne general, advocate empowered to act in all……

The action of giving legal validity to a document. …

A draft horse; ?also, any beast of burden or draft animal. …

A service owed by the tenant to his feudal superior [orig. consisting of work performed by the tenant with his draft animals]. …

To bark or bay. …

(a) A bag or sack, with or without its contents; traveling bag, wallet, satchel, pouch; bagge portatif; undo the bagge; (b) a bag as a unit of measure. …

A kind of short straight sword or dagger, in civilian use, worn in a sheath hung from a strap, e.g. at the girdle; baselard knif; in some examples perhaps used loosely of a curved 'hanger.' …

(a) A charge for provisions; (b) a prebend. …

Vervain Verbena officinalis; berbene lef. …

A kind of wild goose; prob., the barnacle goose Branta leucopsis. …

(a) A formal document (embodying a will, a permit, etc.); fig. a list or inventory; (b) a papal bull. …

(a) An official register, roll, or record; (b) an official tag or badge of registration or identification. …

An enclosure, pen. …

The European bittern Botaurus stellaris. …

(a) The feudal tenure or status of a bonde or bond(eman (q.v.), bondage; holden lond in bondage; (b) a service required of a customary tenant; (c) the class of bondmen and serfs, the unfree. …

Land held by a cottager under the feudal system; ?land held by the lord of the manor to produce food for his table [Bracton]. …

(a) Sheepskin (as distinct from lambskin), budge, ?trimmed sheepskin; bouge skin; (b) bouge rowe, Furriers' Row; bouge shank, fur from the shank of a sheep. …

(a) Transaction of business, esp. by an agent or intermediary; brokerage; (b) clandestine or dishonest mediation, as by bribery, shady dealing; bribery, a bribe; (c) the offering of a bribe (to an……

(a) A commercial agent, factor, broker, purveyor; also, one who serves as an agent in sordid business; (b) in names; (c) one who buys and sells public offices. …

(a) Real estate held directly from the king or a lord, usually with no feudal obligation other than a fixed annual rent in money; a house or land lying within a borough; burgage lond; (b) the tenure……

A kind of fish-trap. …

A manorial rent exacted for a tenant's cattle. …

(a) A piece of paper or parchment containing writing; a written document, letter, etc.; (b) a brief document attached to a roll or enclosed in a letter, and usually containing a list of names or bill……

Law The practice of aiding a litigant for a share of the matter in dispute, champerty. …

Straw, stubble. …

A toll paid to the forester for entering or passing through a forest. [See Neilson Cust.Rents in OSSLH 2 143.] …

A customary rent paid in grain or chickens for the support of the (parish) church, usually at Martinmas (Nov.11). [See Neilson Cust.Rents in OSSLH 2 193-6.] …

A tax paid annually to a superior, as by a villein to his lord; head-tax. [See Homans, E.Villagers 229; Cust.Rent in OSSLH 2 p.2.] …

Coercion. …

A rowboat of some kind (with 2 or 4 oars). …

One who is jointly invested with an estate in trust. …

The office of the collector (at Calais). …

(a) Found out, ascertained; (b) law the finding of an inquest; also, an inquest. …

An officer of the Crown, elected by the county or borough, charged with the supervision of pleas of the Crown, of the administration of criminal justice, etc.; a coroner; also, an officer of the royal……

An ornamental hanging for a wall, bed, etc. …

Hawk. A beater stationed on the opposite bank of a river or on the far side of a body of water. …

(a) A curved or arched piece of timber; (b) a hump. …

The sword of King Edward the Confessor, a blunted sword borne before the King of England at his coronation. …

(a) A written collection of manorial customs; a custumal; (b) a customary tenant. …

(a) A customs official, collector of customs; (b) a tradesman liable for the payment of a tax. …

A tub or vat. …

A dagger. …

A land tax levied by the Norman kings [orig., either by the Anglo-Saxon kings for defense against the 'Danes', or by the 'Danish' rulers as a tribute]. …

To determine (sth.), decide (a question, dispute, legal case). …

Criminal, wicked. …

The law code imposed upon the northern and eastern counties of England by the Danes or Northmen, or the 15 counties so governed; the Danelaw. …

Deprivation (of heritage). …

(a) An activity that offers amusement, pleasure, or relaxation; entertainment, merry-making, fun, recreation; maken disport, to entertain (sb.); taken disport, amuse oneself, have fun; (b) a pastime……

(a) A unit of apothecary's weight of one eighth of an ounce, a dram; (b) fig. a bit of talent. …

A kind of feudal tenure or service. …

Of a legislative authority: to make (something) law or legally binding; hence, to ordain or decree;--with obj. or that clause. …

(a) To write or compose (a book, poem, letter, etc.);--with or without obj.; (b) to write (in a certain language, manner, or style); (c) to compose (a song, a Psalm); (d) of oral composition or……

Law (a) To confirm or approve (a charter, bill, agreement, etc.), [orig. by writing on the back of the document];--also fig.; (b) to approve a reply to (a petition), to grant (a petition) under seal……

To grant (land, an estate, an office, rights, revenue, etc.) under the feudal system;--three constructions occur: (a) to enfeoff (a person); (b) to enfeoff (someone in, on, of something); (c) to……

(a) Escape, as from prison, legal custody, or an enemy in battle; (b) the possibility of escape. …

(a) Reversion of land or its appurtenances to the king or the lord of a fee, upon failure of heirs to a tenant in fee simple; also, forfeiture of lands and goods to the king upon attainder; escheat……

To make (property, etc.) revert (to the king or lord); to confiscate. …

The comforts of life, conveniences; accommodation, entertainment; shelter, lodging; food and drink, provender; at your esement, at your convenience. …

Furtherance or promotion (of a purpose or undertaking). …

Law Survey, appraisal, or valuation of land or other property for purposes of taxation; (b) assessed value; (c) tax levied on such valuation; also, income from taxes. …

(a) A feudal estate in land or tenements held in unlimited tenure, subject only to a fixed annual rent; also, the land or tenements constituting such an estate; (b) the kind of tenure by which such an……

A measure of capacity for grain, etc.; also, a vessel used to measure a firlot of grain, etc. …

A feast, banquet; anes nihtes ferme, provisions for one day (for the king and his retinue). …

The closed season in which it is not lawful to hunt male deer; bi fermisounes, in fermisoun time, during the closed season on male deer; flourished of fermisoun, fattened in the closed season. …

(a) A group of ships; esp. a fleet of warships, a navy; ?a naval expedition; (b) a troop of armed men, an army; (c) ?a set (of fishing nets). …

(a) Scum or grease floating on a liquid; (b) law the legal right to flotsam. …

(a) A flowering plant of the genus Iris, the fleur-de-lis; often as fig. for Virgin Mary; (b) the fleur-de-lis (esp. the root) used in medicine. …

Feed for domestic animals, esp. hay, straw, or similar dry fodder. …

A small strip of plowed land [orig., a strip lying at the end of the field and plowed perpendicularly to the plowing of the rest of the field, a headland]. …

A manorial service: transportation (of produce, etc.) on foot, on one's back (instead of conveyance by a draught or pack animal). …

(a) A landowner and member of the gentry ranking immediately below the nobility; a freeman, a gentleman; franklein of toun, a free citizen, an owner of property in a town, a burgess; (b) as a personal……

One of the mutually responsible members of a tithing, etc. …

(a) An English system of collective surety within a hundred, or some other territorial division, by which a certain number of freemen or villagers (?orig. ten) combined to give security for each other……

The privilege of maintaining law and order on a feudal estate; jurisdiction of frankpledge; franchise to hold view of frankpledge with all appurtenant rights. …

To frown as an expression of disapproval, displeasure, shame, fear, or jealousy; frounen with the nose, sneer; frounen upon or agein, express disapproval of (someone or something), frown upon. …

A decorative hanging for the altar, an altar frontal; frontel cloth; also, a hanging for the font. …

(a) A heavy rope or cable used on a ship; (b) a heavy rope; (c) gable rop, a carpenter's rope. …

Liable to the payment of taxes to the English crown; as noun: geld. …

One of two plants used for medicine: the common hemlock (Conium maculatum); the common avens (Geum urbanum). …

(a) A payment made, by the heir(s to the lord of the manor, upon the death of a tenant; (b) the right to collect this payment. …

Some precious stone. …

A boar in his third year. …

(a) A boar of the second year; (b) a sheep of the second year. …

(a) A piece of common land which has been enclosed for agricultural purposes; (b) the management of something for profit; (c) increase of income, profit. …

(a) To enclose land for agricultural purposes; (b) to increase (income); (c) ppl. improued, ?approved, ?beloved. …