Middle English Dictionary Entry
āver n.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | āver n.(1) Also haver. |
| Etymology | OE eafor 'draft horse; a tenant's obligation to transport goods', whence also AF aver & AL av(e)ra, affrus. See Liebermann, Archiv 109.75-82. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
A draft horse; ?also, any beast of burden or draft animal.
Associated quotations
- [ (1125-8) Chronicon Petrob.in Camd.47 (Antq 60)158 : In dominio curiæ sunt..iii auras et ccc oves et l porci. ]
- [ (a1200) Inquis.Ely (Tbr A.6)500 : viii d. pro aura & iiii or d. pro inguardo reddebant in seruicio Regis. ]
- [ (1285) Statutes Realm1.82 : Vicecomes liberet ei omnia catalla debitoris, exceptis bobus et affris caruce. ]
- [ (a1307) Seneschaucie92 : Nul baillif ne sofre..ke chiual ne auer, bof ne vache..soient escorces. ]
- [ a1400 Gesta St.Alb.in RS 28.4 pt.2 (Cld E.4)78 : Et elegit sibi liberari omnia bona et catalla..præter boves et affros de carruca sua. ]
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)150 : He lent þam oxen a-gayne..Alsua..He lent þam aueres [Cmb: Wyght horse] to drawe.
2.
(a) aver-aker, ~ ere, ~ erthe, ~ lond, a portion of land for whose use the tenant performed service with his horses or other draft animals; prob. also, a portion of land allotted the tenant to supply feed for his horses; (b) ~ corn, the service of hauling grain to the lord's barn; (c) ~ hurde, a servant who tends horses; (d) ~ hors, hors ~, a draft horse; (e) ~ malt(es, malt (or barley to be malted) which the tenant was bound to haul for his lord; (f) ~ peni, a commutation of the service called average, a money rent paid in lieu of service by the tenant with his horses; (g) ~ ripe, the service of reaping the lord's grain; (h) ~ selver = averpeni.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Black Bk.St.Aug.(Fst A.1)25 : Ipsi idem arant pro auererthe in Purificacione de vnoquoque sullingo j acram et de cl. acris iij virgatas.
- (a1300) Cust.Rent in OSSLH 28 : Averlonds.
- c1325(a1300) Cust.Bleadon204 : Et idem habebit unam acram stipularum et de meliori stipula frumentea, quam dominus habet in hammis, ad pascendum affrum suum; et vocatur averlonde.
- (1338) Doc.Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32200 : Et de 2 s. 9 d. rec. de v malmannis de West Aukland pro eorum avirakres.
- (1350) Doc.Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32258 : De eisdem xvj bondis pro eorum averacres de novo.
- c1381(1183) Boldon Bk.(PRO SC 12/21/28)4 : Et arat iij rodas de averere.
- ?c1382 Survey Hatfield in Sur.Soc.3295 : Et extra dicta opera arare de unaquaque caruca ij acr. de avereth et herciare.
- ?c1382 Survey Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32189 : Et arat iij rodas de averherd, et herciat dictas iij rodas.
b
- (1263) Chart.in Wm.Thorne Chron.(1652) (TwysHAS)1912 : Quoddam servicium annuum quod Avercorn vocatur, sub mensura minus certa.
c
- (1327) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms55 : Joh. le Auerhurde.
d
- a1300 Black Bk.St.Aug.(Fst A.1)24 : Memorandum de v equis auerhors pro quibus modo redduntur iiij li. pro quolibet equo.
- a1300 Black Bk.St.Aug.(Fst A.1)25 : Item, ipsi qui tenent hos predictos sullingos reddunt in equinoctio autumpnali de vnoquoque sullingo pro horsauer' xvj d.
e
- (1379) Halmote R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.82159 : Pro ij quart. de avermalts debitis granario Dunelm.
- c1381(1183) Boldon Bk.(PRO SC 12/21/28)20 : Villani..reddunt..lxiv celdras de avermalt ad mensuram aulae de Heghyngtona.
- (1397-8) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103601 : Empcio frumenti. 26 quar. 2 bus. de avermaltes de Coupon, prec. quar. 6 s. 8 d.
- (1401-2) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103603 : Et de 4 li. 4 s. de tenentibus de Coupon pro eorum avermaltes, viz. de quolibet bondo 6 s. per annum.
- (1436-7) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103676 : In precio 37 quar. di. ordii vocat. Havermaltes, prec. quar. 4 s.
f
- (1199) Chart.St.Paul in RHS ser.3.5837 : Teneant omnes terras..quieta de omnibus geldis..de wardpeni & de auerpeni & de teþingpeni.
- (1252) Close R.Hen.III84 : Denarios qui vocantur..auerpeny.
- (1278) Plac.War.281 : Flemenesfrithe, wardpeny, averpeny, hunderpeny.
- (1292) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100490 : Et de 13 s. 4 d. de Averpen. de e[odem] t[ermino].
- (1307) Doc.in Boldon Bk.p.xxvi : Et de 4 s. 8 d. de averpeny in quarterio de Derlington.
- (1351-2) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100552 : Recepta..13 s. 4 d. de Averpenys de Cupon.
- c1381(1183) Boldon Bk.(PRO SC 12/21/28)23 : Villani, quorum unusquisque tenet j bovatam, et reddit..8 d. de averpenys.
- ?c1382 Survey Hatfield in Sur.Soc.3245 : Iidem tenentes red[dunt] inter se pro averpeny, ad festum Sancti Cuthberti..6 s. 8 d.
- ?c1382 Survey Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32128 : Et pro scatpenys et averpenys..19 d.
- (1402-3) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103604 : Et de 12 s. 6 d. de Averpenys de eadem villa.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)665/8 : They sholde have and holde hit..vtterly quyte..of summage and cariage, of warde peny and averpeny.
- 1662(c1350) Bk.Vale Royal in LCRS 68 (Hrl 2064)136 : [And by] averpany [he claims that he, his men and tenants shall not do any average, nor give anything for average].
g
- (1350) Doc.Hatfield in Sur.Soc.32237 : Et de 22 s. 6 d. rec. de eisdem xlv bondis pro avireps, de quolibet 6 d. pro iij rodis.
- c1381(1183) Boldon Bk.(PRO SC 12/21/28)4 : Et præterea metet iij rodas de averipe.
- ?c1382 Survey Hatfield in Sur.Soc.3299 : Et preterea metet iij rodas daveripe.
h
- (1222) Domesday Bk.St.Paul in Camd.6990 : iij d. ob. de averselver eo quod non debeant longius averare quam ad Granarium sancti pauli.
- (1247) Chart.R.PRO1.316 : Averselver, lambselver.
3.
?In place names.
Associated quotations
- (1340) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)160 : Averisholm.
- (1362) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)160 : Avericholm.
- (1381) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)160 : Havereysholme.