Middle English Dictionary Entry
after prep.
Entry Info
Forms | after prep. Also efter, hafter, ofter. |
Etymology | OE æfter, efter. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) After (in space); of position: at the rear of, behind; of motion: coming behind, following, in pursuit of; (b) in the direction of, towards.
Associated quotations
a
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1128 : Þa for mid him & æfter him swa micel folc, swa næfre ær ne dide.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22353 : Gillomar þe king flah & awæwardes teh and Arður him after, and þene king ikahte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)45/494 : Heo leac eauer efter hire þen laddliche of helle.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)51b : Vre wiðeriwines..up o þe hulles ha clumben efter us.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)5 : Alle hise fet steppes After him he filleð.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)428 : Make faste þe dore aftur þe, and ne lat þou no man in gon.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8207 : Roberd erl of flaundres after þulke ost com.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)215 : So komes þer a werwolf..grimly after a gret hert.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2776 : Spedilich in þey wente & After hymen made þe gate faste.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 14.27 : He that berith not his cross and cometh aftir [L venit post] me, may not be my disciple.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2572 : And after rood the queene and Emelye, And after that, another compaignye.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.461 : Þe kyng saillede graciously into Engelond. His sone William wolde seile after hym.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4571 : Ha, ha, the fox! and after hym they ran.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)272a/a : If eny bee..goþ out of þe oste, þanne he folweþ by smelle after þe kyng.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2082 : Oxeatre..After þise ostes cam.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1188 : Hit watz þe ladi..Þat droȝ þe dor after hir ful dernly & stylle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1312 : Iason is come..And after him foloweth al þe pres.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.5.4 : Some..drawen aftir hem a traas or a furwe..as naddres or snakes.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)50/28 : I haue ronnyn a-wey fro þe, & þow hast ronnyn aftyr me.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)394/376 : Leffe noght my saule, lorde, aftir þe, In depe helle.
- c1450 St.Wulfhad (Nero C.12)132 : The to saynt Chade shulde take the wey..The falsse stewarde aftur them.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)111/15 : They herde a knyght calle lowde, that com afftir them.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)57 : Go o bak after me, Sathanas, and þu art sclaunder to me.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2073 : Nexst after hym came the kyng of Nycomede.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)770 : As he loked along þere as oure Lorde passed, Ȝet he cryed hym after.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)125 : Doun after a strem þat dryȝly halez, I bowed in blys.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.14 : Esteward ich byhulde after þe sonne [A: an-heiȝ to þe sonne].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)153/60 : I stryke aftere þe sterre.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)8252 : An hermet segh a sunne-beme & aungels..going ay Gloriousely aftur that gleme.
2.
(a) Along the length of, following the course of, by the side of, along; ~ lengthe, lengthwise; (b) traversing, across, through, up and down.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)757 : Anacletus ferde biforen..ferde æfter ane bache.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7812 : He þohte swa forð teon æfter þere Temese, rouwen swa longe þat he come to Londen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13777 : Swa quiddeden..al þat verden æfter wæi [Otho: bi þan wai].
- a1225 PMor.(Eg 613(2))231 : Þer is wanunge end wop efter eche strete.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)14b/b : It bihoueþ þat þu kut þe brest after þe sides [L secundum latera].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)64b/b : Som [wounds] beþ after length, some after transuerse [*Ch.(2): some ben after þe lengþe and some ouerthwart].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)157b/b : Þai ar a maner blacke wormes..wiþ citrine and ȝelow lynez after þaire backe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12557 : After a syde of the sea..Was a-party a prouynse, plight full of hilles.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6389 : Æfter sæ [Otho: Hafter see] he forh lað to Norðhumberlonde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30540 : Cadwaðlan to scipen com..and seilede after vðe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)218 : A lace lapped aboute..& so after þe halme halched ful ofte.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)40b/b : Spekyng after [*Ch.(2): speche by] þe noseþrillez.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)482 : Þis faiþles folke to þe feld comen & batayled after þe bent.
3.
Following (in time), after: (a) following (sb.) in a chronological series, in succession to; following (sth.) in order of occurrence or existence; next ~, immediately following; on ~ on, on ~ another, one after another; word ~ word, one word after another, word by word; (b) following (a point of time, day, hour, season, etc.), following the passage of (a period of time); (c) subsequent to (an action or event); (d) ?as a consequence or result of, because of; (e) ~ tham, ~ than, ~ that, after that happened, after that was done, after that; ~ this, after this happened, etc.; (f) after the hond, after the event, by hindsight; (g) ~ time, after the time that, as soon as.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.686 : Heo wæs se þridde abbot æfter Saxulfe.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1119 : On þison geare forðferde se eorl Baldewine..& æfter him feng Carl, his faðasunu, to þam rice.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)620 : O þatt illke wise comm Aȝȝ dækenn affterr dækenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6969 : Þeos ilka þreo kinges heolden þas þeode an efter ane, þæt dæd heo weoren alle.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Creed (Lamb 487)75 : Ic ou wile seggen word efter word.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)263 : Here sweuen hi him tolden, word after word.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)961 : Þe seuenþe [year] þat cam þe nexte After þe sexte, To Reymyld he ne wende.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)445 : Lamech is..ðe seuende man after Adam.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1383 : Þis kimbel after is fader king was of þis londe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1445 : He has a sone dere..þat schal be emperour after him.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.8.23 : And after the rewme of hem..there shal ryse a king vnshamfast in face.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.145 : Hircanus deyde..and lefte after hym [L relinquens post se] his wif..and fyve sones to rule þe Iewerye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)173b/a : Saxones wanne þe Ilonde..and here ofsprynge hadde possessioun of þe Ilonde after hem.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)501 : Vche sesoun serlepes sued after oþer.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)631 : After bale comeþ boote.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1595 : Sche was..Born to be eyr of þat regioun After hir fader.
- (1423) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)267 : Þei be charget þat ich of hom, oon after another, say..Seynt Gregories trentall for my soule.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.421 : Also seur as day comth after nyght.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)138b/b : Þat þer be eschewed þingz hote in excesse & also cold, namely immediately one after anoþer.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)400 : He shal first chese..And after hym, by ordre, shul ye chese.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)349 : It is to be vndirstonde what Austyn seiþ..and what ech man comyng aftir him takiþ off hym wiþout ferþer examynacioun.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)116/9 : Thofrastus sulde be þer maister after hym, when he was dead.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3688 : Aftir sour, when swete is com, it is a plesant mes.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)35/16 : Afftyr Adam..þe secunde fadyr am I.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)49/208 : God hath to us sent his comforte aftyr grett trybulacion.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : On morgen æfter hlam mæsse dæge wearð se cyng Willelm on huntnoðe.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1130 : Ðes ilces geares com se abbot Heanri of Angeli æfter Æsterne to Burch.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Ðat te king sculde ben lauerd and king wile he liuede, and æfter his dæi ware Henri king.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)110/29 : Crist æfter six daȝum fulde þat he his þeinum bihet.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)230 : Zacariȝe for himm ham Affterr þa daȝhess sone.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2904 : Efter his fader daie he [Leir] heold þis drihliche lond.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)608 : Ðan after ðe ðridde dai he riseð & remeð.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3023 : After ðis time..moyses askes up-nam.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8422 : Anon after midsomer þis bataile ido was.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)77 : Þe child schuld weld al here godis..after here lif dawes.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Gal.2.1 : Aftirward, aftir fourtene ȝeer, eftsoone I stiȝede to Jerusalem.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1467 : Soone after the mydnyght.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1447 : No lenger wolde she lyue after his day.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9115 : Efter [Göt: After; Trin-C: Aftir] þe time he þus had don, A quile regn[d] king salamon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1557 : An houre after the prime.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.40.19 : Thre panyeris ben ȝit thre daies, aftir whiche Farao schal take awei thin heed.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)900 : Aftyre euesange.
- (1442) Doc.Ireland in RS 69273 : The Friday next after the fest of seint Martyne.
- (1448) Shillingford67 : On Wendisday next after Corporis Christi day..After vj atte clokke..y rode oute of Exceter.
- (1450) Paston2.157 : Wretyn in hast..the Friday next after seint Petir day.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)518 : Þere sall borne be a barne..Þat driȝtyn, efter þi day, has destaned to regne.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)38/13 : Hit was on the morne aftir Candilmasse day.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)1a : After þe thride day: post tridie.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)171/4 : It happened after the space of þe xxx yere.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1120 : Æfter heora sehte acordedan ealles þæs cynges Heanriges agene mæn wið hine innan Normandige.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)1/8 : After Noes flode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)66/25 : His apostoli wrohten fela wyndræ..æfter his upstiȝe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11395 : Sone anan affterr þatt word, Himm wennde aweȝȝ þe deofell.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)2/3 : Efter ure lauerdes pine & his passiun..weren monie martyrs.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)16/226 : Ne acwikeð neauer meiðhad efter þet wunde.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)26/426 : Nabben ha neauer se muchel..ha beoð offearet eauer forte leosen, & ȝiscið þah, efter muchel, muche deale mare.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)85b : Alswa schal þe schriueð him, efter þe greate [sins], schuuen ut te smealre.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)2 : Wolle ȝe nou ihere..Of one patriarke after Noees flode?
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)51 : After þe king Eadmundes deþe.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)355 : After ðis dede, a steuone cam.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)12 : Ha wente into helle efter his dyaþe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.9.2 : Antiochus after the fliȝt loodly turnyde aȝein.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1605 : After the flod, fro whiche Noe Was sauf, the world in his degre Was mad..newe ayein.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)24/263 : After wasshing þo preste wil loute þo auter.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)45 : In þe ȝere of kyng Herry þe fifte, aftere þe conquest þe iij.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)291/1 : After þis gracious victorye.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2032 : I wol nat twynne after this aventure.
- (1431) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.100 : And of the regne of oure souuerain lord, King Henry the vjthe, after the conqueste the ixthe.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)10/5 : After all medcyns for eghne, wasche thyn eghne with water þat fenell is sothen in.
- (1450) Paston2.159 : Wretyn in hast with inne an hour after the resceyte of your lettre.
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.41/8 : After my decesse.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)45 : After mete disshes ben rybe.
- (1458-9) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA83.M2 : After thespouselles had betwene them, þe said Cristian went to þe said John Sely.
- (c1468) Deed Norris in LCRS 93123 : In the yer off Kynge Henr the sext, affter the Conqu' off Angl' the 32rd.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)354/8 : After his deth in erthe, xii yer dede sche tary.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/2 : After the deth of the duke more than thre houres, was Arthur begoten.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)171/28 : After his ascencion, I come in-to this wyldernes.
d
- ?c1335 Þe king of heuen (Hrl 913)p.124 : Sum þer beþ..Þat more haþ þan anoþer..Anoþer wol after þan Areri cuntake.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.p.173 : To þe same laborer, and to an woman, for þe clensynge of þe halle after þe seide barbours.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)379 : And he is noon such directe meene into an oþer moral vertu aftir him and bi him to be gendrid.
e
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : And se cyng sona æfter þam..þone biscop Rannulf of Dunholme let niman.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)98/6 : Þa fæste he feowertiȝ daȝa..& æfter þam he sæȝde þæt hine hingrede.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD (Lamb 487)43 : He him sceawede ane welle..Efter þon, he him sceawede þe sea of helle.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)601 : Fowerti dais after ðis, Arches windoge undon it is.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)597 : Harpours in Bretaine after þan Herd, hou þis meruaile bigan.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)20 : Efter þan, þench hou uele ziþe þou hest misserued.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3217 : Angelus ad virginem he song, And after that he song the kynges note.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.690 : And after this, Iesus of his mercy Made Alla wedden ful solempnely.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1738 : And aftir þis, vn-to þe kyng goth he.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.1 : After this [L post haec] sche stynte a lytel.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1128 : And after þan, who so hase nede May haue þer meditaciounes.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)3/2 : And aftre that, the fourty men..made their hostys to ete.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)22/31 : Aftre this, the [kyng] sent for all his barounes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)26/34 : And aftir that com a watir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)38/6 : So aftir this, Merlion departed.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)33 : Charlys, aftyrthan, all hys fomen ouercam.
f
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.893 : Bot whanne he hath his cause lore, Thanne is he wys after the hond.
g
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.3089 : My will ys yat George my son hafe, efter tyme my dettes be paide, a rent charge of xxvj s. viij d.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.76/36 : The residewe..To reparell my said Chapell after tyme it is sufficiently beeldid and performed.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.77/23 : After tyme the said Chapell is beeldide and fully perfourmed.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)34 : Aftertyme viii of these knyghtes be departed from court, and the three yomen to ete dayly in the hall with the chamberlaynes.
4.
Following (in a series, set, or continuous whole, such as a composition), at a later point or further on than; below.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.33 : Aȝȝ affterr þe Goddspell stannt Þatt tatt te Goddspell meneþþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.383 : Her names who so list to knowe, He schal hem fynde write vp-on a rowe After þis story.
- (a1440) Paston2.44 : Ryght wursshipfull sire,..after dyw recommendacion to yowr reverens, please hit yow to know [etc.].
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)26/19 : Eftire þis sall þou wiete, whilke ere þe ten comandementis.
- (1447) Shillingford33 : After dewe and entierly recommendacion with all worship and reverence, my lord..thanketh your kyndenesse.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)102 : What case wyll the comparatyf degre haue after hym?
- (c1454) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35326 : Ryght wyrschipfull seris, we gret ȝow well, and aftre ȝowr welfar interly desyryd, we pray ȝow to remembre ȝow of owr letteris.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15148 : One Masse boke..whiche begynneth with a colec that is to say Deus qui beatum David, before the Kalender and after the Kalender, Exorciso te creatura salis, etc.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.270 : After my most special recommendacion, lyke your maisterchip wete [etc.].
- (1474) Paston (Gairdner)5.213 : Aftre dew recomendacion..I beseche yow.
5.
Next (in rank, importance, value, etc.), next to, second to; with neg.: excepting, save only.
Associated quotations
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/28 : Æfter ðissum weccæn, þa festene beoð hihtlice to lufiȝenne.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)131 : Seinte paul, heȝes[t] larðewen efter ure helende seolfe, speceð on þe halie pistle.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)57/37 : Þis..furste bode..ofer alle oðer is..and þis oðer efter þis.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1457 : Ant tu schalt, efter þe cwen, eauer þe oðer beon in halle ant i bure.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)30/15 : Ich habbe, efter Belzebub, meast monnes bone ibeon.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)76 : Þu ert..Efter þine leoue sune, leouest alre þinge.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)125 : To þe one is al mi trust, efter þine leoue sune.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)189 : Þu þet ert, eafter him [Christ], alle helpleses help..helpe me, englene quene.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)207 : Ich wole þe make richest man after oure kinge.
- c1390 RSicily (Vrn)23 : A strengur weorreour nas non founde, After his broþer of Cisyle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196b/b : Among metall it [silver] bereþ þe pris, after gold, in worþinesse and value.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1256 : After thiself, next heried be she!
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)188 : No man, after crist, was holyere þan baptist.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)81/20 : I am myche beholden to you, aftre God, most of any man.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)182/830 : Agamenoun..after Euluxes Þe best knyght in his kyndom was.
6.
In order to get, to find, to attain: (a) with verbs of going, seeking, sending: comen ~, to come for (sth.), come to get; faren ~, to go to get (sth.); hunten ~, to pursue (game); -- used fig.; rechen ~, to reach for (sth.); seken ~, to search for (sth.), try to attain, seek for; seken ~ the whies, to try to learn the reasons; senden ~, to send for (sth.), have (sth.) brought, summon (sb.); (b) with verbs of waiting, looking, listening: abiden ~, awaiten ~, biden ~, stonden ~, waiten ~, to wait for (sth.), wait in hope of seeing or getting (sth.), lie in wait for (prey); also, to expect or anticipate (sth.); aspien ~, beholden ~, loken ~, pouren ~, to look for (sth.), look in hope of getting (sth.); also, to expect or anticipate; herken ~, listnen ~, to listen in order to hear (sth.), listen for (sth.) one hopes to receive; (c) with verbs of asking, calling, crying, etc.: asken ~, praien ~, to ask for (sth.), request; bleten ~, to bleat for (lamb); callen ~, clepen ~, to call for (sth.), ask for, request, summon (sb.) by calling; crien ~, greten ~, yeien ~, to cry out for (sth.), beg for, summon (sb.) by crying out; enqueren ~, spiren ~, to search for (sth.) by questioning; louen ~, to low for (calf); shriken ~, to call (sb.), summon; (d) with expressions of desiring, loving, yearning: alonged ~, longing for (sth.), desirous of; desir ~, a desire for (sth.); desiren ~, to desire (sth.); gredi ~, greedy for (sth.); hopen ~, to hope for (sth.); hungren ~, to be hungry for (sth.); listen ~, to desire (sth.); longen ~, to long for (sth.); love ~, love toward (sb.); oflust ~, desirous of (sth.); rejoicen ~, to anticipate (sth.) eagerly; wilnen ~, to wish for (sth.); yernen ~, to yearn for (sth.); (e) with other expressions: in order to get; breken ~, don ~, fishen ~, sheten ~, swinken ~, ten ~, tilien ~.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : Se cyng Heanrig..him æfter sende, forþan þe he wæs ut of þis lande gefaren.
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : He com æfter þe Rome scot.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Te æorl stæl ut & ferde efter Rodbert..& brohte him þider.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)79 : Þe man..þe þoleð and forbereð, and ne wile seche after wreche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30571 : Þe king sende his sonde after Brien.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Nero A.14)203 : Þe deouel hunteð efter me.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1429 : He ferde to þe kinge After Rymenhild þe briȝte, To wedden hire biniȝte.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)137 : He sende writes..After his erles euere-ich on.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1266 : We seken fast after felicitee.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2762 : He sendeth after Emelye.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.136 : Ful semely after hir mete she raughte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5184 : He has sent efter [Göt: efter; Trin-C: aftir] yow his chare.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.217 : And so I sey by þe þat sekest after þe whyes.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)614 : The scherreue..sent after a leche.
- (1422) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.61 : William Clopton..sente aftyr me in to his manyr.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)7/49 : Schipmen sone war efter sent, To here þe kinges cumandement.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)1818 : Vche mon souȝte after socour.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1130 : Eneas..Hadde sent unto his ship, by Achates, After his sone and after riche thynges.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)170 : No þing þat is fullich forȝouun is souȝt after forto be paied or suffrid.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)60 : So shal þyn horn..hunte after his owen shame.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)352 : Þan efter Anes, on-ane, scho al aboute sendis.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)63 : He assentis to þat sewte and seches hym aftire.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)499 : Hys squyeres bode he there, Aftyr hys armor for to far.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)3183 : Sir Dary..Had send after power to porrus of Inde.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6507 : All þatt ȝer Herode king Bad affterr þeȝȝre come, To witenn ȝiff þeȝȝ haffdenn Crist.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)743 : Heo..biheold efter help [L auxilium postulabat] up toward heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/539 : Þu most..eauer habbe sar care & lokin efter al þis, hwenne hit forwurðe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)46b : Þe recluse þe haueð asse earen longe to here feor, þet is hercninde efter ut runes [Nero: axinde efter tiðinges].
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1093 : Aþulf was in þe ture Abute, for to pure After his comynge [Hrl: to loke fer & eke neh after hornes comynge].
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7563 : After betere wind hii moste þere at stonde.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)151/645 : He gan to þe trowe glyde..al forte abyde After hys praye.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)213 : Þemperour..a sty forþ þanne takes, to herken after his houndes oþer horn schille.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)687 : Þan brayde he vp of his bed..& loked after þat ladi.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2415 : Eche wiȝh wol more a-weite after þe white beres, þan þei wol after any wiȝt þat walkeþ i-cloþed.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.525 : He wayted after no pompe and reuerence.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.467 : After hir deth ful often may she wayte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.403 : The knotte why that euery tale is told, If it be taried til that lust be cold Of hem that han it after herkned.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)36b/b : Vndir beddes, Þere cattis waitid aftir myse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.248 : Many a careful..after his comynge wayten [C: loken].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)2.124 : He was [read: Hewes] in þe halyday after heten wayten.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2739 : Sche so longe abood after hir knyȝt.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)29/11 : It is a passing counforte, to listen after his tales.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.5 : Yif thou abidest after help of thi leche, the byhoveth discovre thy wownde.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)55/27 : So þat he..supposse na remedy, ne nane lukes eftere.
- a1450(1410) This holy tyme make (Dgb 102)151 : Wayte aftur ȝoure mede.
- (1473) Paston (Gairdner)5.185 : My cariage was behynd me ij hours longer than I lokyd afftr.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)43/249 : Fly fforth, þou fayr dove, ovyr þese waterys wete and aspye afftere sum drye lond.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)310 : Schorte me of my woo, And let me not loke after my degth.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)307 : My soule may sitte..Hungrie inwith helle-hole and herken after meeles.
- a1500 Craft Dying (Rwl C.894)408 : His welbelouyd & trusti frende..þat he had lon[g] abyd and lokid after [vr. fore].
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)39/419 : Ha..ȝeornliche ȝeiȝeð efter godes grace to help & to heale.
- a1300 Svmer is icumen (Hrl 978)6,7 : Awe bleteþ after lomb, lhouþ after calue cu.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.14 : After help longe he may calle.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)238 : Þe litel child þai herde crie, And clepede after help on hie.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2699 : He was..alwey cryinge after Emelye.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.95 : Þe king..cleped aftur Meede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1795 : In that place after hir sone she cryde.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17842 : Anoon þei calde aftir parchemyne [Vsp: badd..giue þaim parchemin].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1215 : I ȝelde me ȝederly & ȝeȝe after grace.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2093 : Now nar ȝe not fer fro þat note place Þat ȝe han spied & spuryed so specially after.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.320 : The owle..Hath after me shright al thise nyghtes two.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)17/7 : Schap þee to bide in þis derknes..euermore criing after him þat þou louest.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)96/22 : Þer was comyn a preste..speryng & inqwyryng diligently aftyr þe seyd creatur.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3152 : Sum..egirly cries On Alexander eftir [Dub: after] help.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3183 : Ser Dary..Had prayd eftir powere to Porrus of ynde.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)160 : After mercy bee ay criyngge.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)274/27 : Sir Kay..asked aftir mete.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)126 : So longe he grette after grace, þat he graunte hade.
d
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)40/14 : Soþe lufe æfter Gode.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2966 : To ȝeornenn affterr weorelldþing.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30555 : Þa wes he wræccheliche of-lust after deores flæsce.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Nero A.14)200 : Heo..wilned efter cumfort on eorðe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)59 : Appeles & alle þinges þat childern after wilnen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10548 : Þan sal þou find þin husband..þat þou has langed efter sare.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)19 : Þay ar happen also þat hungeres after ryȝt, For þay schal frely be refete.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)636 : He was sore alonged after a good meel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1877 : Matere by naturel appetit..desyreth after forme.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.4.17 : Hope aftir no thyng, ne drede nat.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.5.194 : His wikkidnesse is the more gredy aftir othir folkes rychesses.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)399 : Whanne euer ceesiþ al desijr aftir þe þing for which schulde be preied.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)20 : Yche wegh..has lykyng to lerne þat hym list after.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)474 : Euer aftir deth she can reioyse.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)304 : Þat solempne fest, Þer richely hit arne refetyd þat after right hungride.
e
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þa namen hi þa men þe hi wenden ðat ani god hefden..and diden heom in prisun efter gold & syluer.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6100 : To swinnkenn affterr mete & claþ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13297 : To farenn uppo sæ, To fisskenn affterr fisskess.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)133 : Heo fundieð to teoliende efter istreone.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)4/31 : Forte breoke þis hus efter þis tresor..is moni þeof abuten.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)474 : A man..ledde him ofte wudis ner, To scheten after ðe wilde der.
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)51 : After mi soule let aungles te.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)2154 : They..begunne up lepe..And stampen, as men doon aftir eles.
7.
About, concerning; asken ~, beholden ~, writen ~, etc.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17010 : Þe king..bad æuerælcne mon axien after Mærlin.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)38/17 : Cuð me & ken þet ich easki efter.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)158 : After is maister he bi-heold and ne saiȝ nouȝt ȝware he was.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)679 : After his douhter he asked swiþe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.54 : Thus I..Purpose forto wryte a bok After the world that whilom tok Long tyme in olde daies passed.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.94 : Þanne shal he testifye..What he fonde in a freyel after [C: of] a freres lyuynge.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)897 : Ȝif he aske after Nero ouȝt, Where he be syke or doun ybrouȝt.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)95/15 : Sche askyd aftyr Seynt Brigypt.
8.
(a) According to, in conformity with, so as to correspond to, in keeping with, appropriate to; ~ Grekish speche, in the Greek language; ~ right, according to justice, justly; ~ the sesoun, appropriately to the season; (b) in conformity with (law, custom, a rule), in obedience to; ~ right, according to law, lawfully; (c) in conformity with (someone's advice, authority, judgment, teachings, etc.); in obedience to (someone's will, command, etc.); (d) in conformity with the wishes of (sb.), according to the advice or teachings of (sb.); don (werken) ~, to obey (sb.); ~ min herte, conforming to the wishes of my heart; ~ the mone, in obedience to the moon, as a lunatic; (e) as stated or affirmed by, on the authority of, according to; (f) ~ on, in the same way, of the same quality, alike; ~ on maner, in the same manner.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.2 : Broþerr min Affterr þe flæshess kinde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4307 : Itt iss nemmnedd [Jesus] Affterr Grickisshe spæche.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)38/663 : Efter þi word..mote me iwurðen.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)38/358 : [Þu] auest ibeo þear & soð hauest iseid trof efter þi sihðe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)86a : Ah schulen þe wordes beon ischawet efter þe werkes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2105 : He..after cunseyl wrouȝte.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.176 : This ilke monk leet olde thynges pace And heeld after the newe world the space.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2651 : Hou that men schal the wordes pike After the forme of eloquence.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.389 : Forth she walketh..Arrayed after the lusty seson soote.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.188 : Lyuynge after letterure saued hym, lyf and soule.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)2/19 : Men vnrulid walken aftir her lustis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.283 : Of hem þat lyst to demen after ryȝt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3385 : Men may hem [fruits] pulle, Eche in his kynde, after þe sesoun.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)3/14 : He may wende many ways..on þe land, after þe cuntreez þat he commes fra.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)166a/a : Þe entensionz forsoþ ar conseyued..of membrez or of sikenesez after þe nobilite & also diuersite of condicioun of þam.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)109b/b : Þe sperme i. þe sede of man is after þe complexioun of hym þat gendreth.
- (1429) Will Braybroke in Ess.AST 5297 : In helthe of my wrecched body after myn age.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)6/23 : He gan to wryten..aftyr þe informacyon of þis creatur.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)405 : Þei loue al attendaunce to þe lettre and make her þouȝtis aftir þe maner of vnlettrid men.
- (1449) RParl.in OHS 5829 : That alle excepcions, moderacions, forprises, and provisions..be and stande goode and advaillable in lawe, after the fourme and effecte of the contenue of the same excepcions, moderacions, and provisions.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)48.319 : And Oþer..lyveden aftyr lust of here body.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)91 : As an harpe obeieth to the hond And maketh it soune after his fyngerynge.
- (1461) RParl.5.475a : That the seid Lettres Patentes be good and effectuell after the contenue of the same.
- (1473) RParl.6.80a : That the seide Yefte and Yeftes..be in theire force and strength after the effecte and contynue of the same.
- (1473) RParl.6.84b : The seid Letters Patentes be unto hym goode and effectuell, after the tenure and contynue of the same.
b
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Hi hæfden cosen ærce biscop æror in here capitele æfter rihte.
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)40/239 : Anna æfter þære lage genam þone þridde were.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge efter moises laȝe alswa we habbet nu chirche efter drihtenes laȝe.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1652 : Iacob..kiste hire aftre kindes wune.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2646 : The vengeance..is doon after the lawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.809 : In hire temple thanne were..After the lawe which was tho, Above alle othre Prestes tuo.
- a1400 Floris (Eg 2862)40 : When Florys shuld wyfe after þe lawe.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)198/36 : Men & women ben joyned togedyr aftyr þe lawe of þe Chirche.
- (1454) Lin.DDoc.245/2 : I, Agnes Bawdewynne..make a vowe..for to be chaste of my body..after the reule of saint poule.
- (1457) LRed Bk.Bristol2.184 : All maner of such vessell that ought to be bete aftur the reule of the craft.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)35/20 : To distreyne the forsaid henry..after the lawes and customes of the Reame of Englond.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)54/13 : After the custom of the kyngdom of Colayne..there is tythyng of dayes.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1121 : Æfter þes cynges willan, hi wið hine acordedan.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/28 : He alle ricen..æfter his willæn reccæð & styreð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)106/2 : Ȝif he his lif rihtlice libbæn wule æfter larþeowæs tæcinge.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)120 : Eȝȝþerr here ȝede swa Rihht affterr Godess lare.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8779 : Ich wullen þe speken, & makien æfter þine wille grið.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)462 : Hy schal wite more And don after þi lore.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2282 : Ðis is gunge beniamin, Hider brogt after bode-word ðin.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)235 : He dede after hire lore.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2891 : Wel sone dude þe Amyrel after ys counseil riȝt.
- c1390 St.Greg.(Vrn)30/247 : Ȝif þou dost after my þouȝt, Þe ladi schaltou sende to me.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2192 : Lat calle..thy trewe freendes..and yow gouerne after hire sentence.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.346 : After thy text ne after thy rubriche, I wol nat werke.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1658 : Vpon my benysen, do after [LinI: by] my reed.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)7/3 : Confermynge my wordis aftir þe auctorite of myn auctouris.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)47 : Alle thing he ordaynd aftir is wille.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)30b/a : Be it kytte and sered after þe lore þat schal be said wiþynforth.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2645 : Werke after my red.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)59/20 : Efter þe biddynng of Darius, he commande to brynge bi-fore hym Rosan.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)352 : I seie to ȝou aftir indulgence or aftir graunt an[d] licence and not aftir comaundement.
- (a1447) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29241 : John Pottez..has..takyn oute his corn and his hay aftre his awn will.
- a1450(c1400-25) Legat Serm.PD (Wor F.10)1/9 : This feithful man, aftur þe commaundement of God, wandride forth.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2096 : Certan men I rede we send to serche the land..and aftur þer rede rewle vs ryȝt.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)46/116 : Aftyr þe wyll of goddys sonde.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)85 : Ȝyt wyll I..don after my Lordes lore.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)48/22 : Alexander did after his consaill.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)2/46 : This is done after my will.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3133 : He heo [Cordoille] wolde habben hæȝe to are quene, & æfter hire don ærest þat hire were alre leofust.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)3/11 : I þis hus is þe huse lauerd, ant te fulitohe wif mei beon wil ihaten þet ga þe hus efter hire; ha diht hit al to wundre.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14b : Ich habbe ifunden..mon efter min heorte.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)224 : Do after me ant be my wif, ne be þe þi lif so loet.
- c1350 St.Greg.(Cleo D.9)31/150 : And þou wolle do after me, To mi court ȝeo schal beo ibrouȝt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.2.25 : I louede forsothe alienus, and after them I shal go.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.8.4 : The iustifiynge of lawe were fulfillid in vs, that not aftir the fleisch wandren, but aftir the spirit.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.327 : I wol aske, if it hir wille be To be my wyf and rule hire after me.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.184 : Þe lewed..as his lores-man leres hym, bileueth & troweth, And þat is after person or parisch prest.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.110 : Thei caren for no cold, ne counteþ of no hete, And arn meuenge after þe mone.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1288 : For þou wil noght wirk efter me, Hastily þou bese vndone.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deeds 13.22 : Y haue foundun Dauid..a man aftir myn herte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)44.440 : Aftyr ȝow wele I werken.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1266 : Þou art rewlyd after þe fende..& no þynge, certis, aftyr me.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)8505 : Yiff thow wylt don affter me, I shal..techyn the.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)6795 : Madame..woll ye do After me?
- a1500 St.Alex.(5) (Tit A.26)47/227 : Myght hitt haue bene affter me, here wollde I nought haue I-bee.
e
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)52/7 : Þe mon þe ða synne edlæcð..is, æfter bocenæ saȝum, ilice ȝeþeawod þam hundum þe æt þæt he ær speaw.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)77/24 : Forðan after ðe hali writes, ealch miede is iteld for gauele.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.484 : And after the word of Seint Augustyn, it is sorwe of othere mennes wele.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.536 : Ire, after the philosophre, is the feruent blood of man yquyked in his herte.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.47/5 : The fallynge evill, aftir phisiciens, is a syknes that compressith the ventriclis.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)23a/b : Smale apostemes, after auicen, ben out semynges & bleynes [etc.]
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)276 : Ech fleischly deede doon bitwix man and womman out of þe seid couenaunt of matrimonye is vnleeful and synne, aftir doom of natural resoun.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11464 : They seyn swych on ys off no prys..Affter the worldys oppynyoun.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)57 : And after þe prophete: Þei filid me to my peple for a lumpe of bred.
f
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1781 : That lord hath litel of discrecioun That in swich caas kan no diuisioun, But weyeth pryde and humblesse after oon.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.341 : His breed, his ale was alweys after oon.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)12/12 : Þei ne schulde not boþe be helid aftir oon maner.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)6/5 : Alle sal be louid eftir an in haly religiun.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1485 : By þer endenturs may þai wit, What thynges efter on er left to hir þat sal resaf þam eft.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)161 : Vnto hem all, his chere was after on: Now here, now there, as fill by auenture.
9.
(a) In proportion to, commensurately with; (b) of reward or punishment: in proportion to (one's deserts, merits, works, etc.), in accordance with (one's faith, righteousness, sin, etc.); (c) in the amount or measure of; ~ a peni, at the rate of a penny; ~ distance (space) of, for a distance equal to; ~ the half, half full; (d) ~ more and (or) lesse, as to greater and (or) lesser, as to greatness and (or) smallness; ~ higher and lower, as to higher and lower.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)42/2 : Æfter þare ȝemete þare dedæ, he sceal þa reowsunge deman.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.15 : Icc hafe wennd inntill Ennglissh Goddspelless hallȝhe lare, Affterr þatt little witt þatt me Min Drihhtin hafeþþ lenedd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)945 : & haldenn itt & follȝhenn itt [hiss lare] Aȝȝ affterr ȝure mihhte.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)175 : Þa þe habbeð wel idon efter hore mihte.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)35a : Ancre..ah to leaden heard lif, as dude þe leafdi iudith, efter hire euene.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)102.11 : Efter þe heȝt of heuen fram erþe, he streinþed hys mercy.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1936 : No man..schuld mow deuise men richlier a-raid..þe grete after here degre in þe gaiest wise, & menere men as þei miȝt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.29.27 : Recouere thi neȝhebore after thi vertue [L secundum virtutem tuam].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1847 : I loued alwey as after my konnynge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1327 : Al the gold of Cresus halle, The leste coronal of alle Ne mihte have boght after the worth.
- a1400 Prov.Wisd.(Bod 9)66 : And spend after þin astate!
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.1 : A lordis word is worshiped after þe gretnesse of þis lord.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)261 : Pay thy felows after the coste, As vytaylys goth thenne wel thou woste.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)169a/b : For to hete and for to moiste after þe mesure of þe excesse.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)16/25 : After þe gretnes of charite we hafe in vs, be-fore god sall we be praysed.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2182 : As fer as we can understande after our simple witts.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)659 : Efter thy rycches, les or mare, Lefe sone, þou sall bathe spende and spare.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)7/6 : Thei..shal ber tribute to vs aftre their power.
- (1454) Lin.DDoc.64/11 : I wol first..that my dettys..be satisfied after my power.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3509 : I am nat slowh..To do my werk..Affter my power & konnyng.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)124 : Þe kynges right grete charge..shalbe more or lesse, aftir thair longe or shorte demure.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)108/2 : He þenne walde..heom ædlean syllæn æfter heore aȝene wruhte.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)64 : And ȝeuen us ure swinkes lan efter ure erninge.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)6/54 : Þe feorðe suster rihtwisnesse..demeð euchan his dom efter his rihte.
- ?a1300 Doomsday (Dgb 86)st.28 : Þer shal affter his werc eueric fongen mede.
- a1350 God þat al þis myhtes (Hrl 2253)37 : We bueþ dempned after vr dede [rime: hede, nede, blede].
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)7.9 : Juge me, Lord, efter [L secundum] my ryȝtfulnesse.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.18.6 : Double ȝe double thinges, aftir hir werkis.
- c1390 Swete Ihesu crist (Vrn)30,31 : Ne ȝif þou me none mede Aftur my sunfule dede, But aftur, lord, þi grete pite.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4575 : Thei receiven After the wrong that thei decerven.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11805 : Many..do..[in penaunce] No þyng aftyr hys dedys ylle, But algate at hys owne wylle.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mat.9.29 : Aftir ȝoure feith be it doon to ȝou.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)64 : Lord, nyle þou deme me aftir my dede! y haue do no þing worþi in þi siȝt.
- (1432) RParl.4.403a : There should no man ben amerced bote after the quantite of his trespas.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3442 : Rythwynes dwellis..to deme man aftyr his deseruiture.
- a1500 Ihesu mercy mercy (Chet 6690)73,74 : After my dedys þou deme nouȝt, After mercy þou do to me.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)55a/b : Þat euery pece be applied in euery side of þe wonde after distance [L secundum distantiam; *Ch.(2): after þe space] of an ynch.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)166a/b : It is filled after þe halfe with hote water & with oile.
- (?1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.3 : Item, for De Regimine Principum, which conteyneth xlvti leves, aftir a peny a leef, which is right wele worth.
d
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)24b/b : Verrey apostemes ben tokened by swellynge, by akynge and by hete degreed after more and lesse.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)135-6 : If þere be degrees aftir more and lasse and after hiȝer and louȝer, good and bettir in þe meenys, it is skileful þat þer be answeryng þerto degrees aftir more and lasse, aftir hiȝer and louȝer, good and bettir in þe receiving of þe eende..to be getun bi þe same seid meenys.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)295/4 : Scuage as moche as longeth to be do for iij yerdelondes, after more or lesse.
10.
(a) In imitation of (sb.), in the likeness or image of, resembling; in (the likeness of sb.); maken ~, to make (sth.) to resemble (sb.); (b) according to the pattern of (sth.), in the manner of, like; according to (a model or plan); having the subject matter of (a book, document, etc.), as a copy (or translation or redaction) of, according to; ~ the contenu (effect, forme, tenour) of, containing the substance of (a legal document); (c) according to the actions or practices of (sb.), in imitation of, in the same manner as; tellen ~, to repeat (a story) after (sb.); (d) in honor of (sb.), in memory of (sth.), with reference to; callen ~, clepen ~, nemnen ~, to name (sth.) for (sb.), call (sth.) by (someone's name); (e) with respect to, as regards.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)114/28 : Drihten ȝehywæð þa eadmodnesse ures lichames, & hine ȝedeþ wlitiȝne ant brihtne æfter his aȝene anlicnesse.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)679 : Nilus..Made likenesse..After his fader.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)213 : God..man made after his owen face.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)151/628 : For after god semblant he [Adam] bere.
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)50 : God haþ..Made þe after his oune liknes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16b/b : A myȝti strengþe..is I ȝeue hem aftir þe liknes of god.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9400 : Of erth right þar him maked he, Efter his aun trinite.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)335 : He took virgyne waxe And made a popet after þe quene.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)109/21 : Symulacres ben ymages made after lykness of men..or of the mone or of ony best.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1072 : Eneas..After Venus hadde he swich fayrnesse, That no man myghte be half so fayr.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)77/19 : An ymage..mad aftyr our Lord.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)203 : His soule þou madist aftir þe..liknes of þe trynyte.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)191 : Þen tuke þai be-lyfe And efter Anec..ane ymage gert make.
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)119/16 : He that this fygure ys depeyntyd afftyr ys one off the most vertuus men lyuyng.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)342 : He had passyngly witt & lijf aftur petur.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)461 : Crist chees to be pore..& petre was pore aftir crist, & alle þe apostlis but scarioth.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18824 : Þatt arrke..iss wrohht off tre Affterr þin herrtess arrke.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)650 : We nimeþ ȝeme of manne bure, An after þan we makeþ ure.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)92/338 : Þert icome..To makie a tur after þis cast.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)85.7 : Non is lich to þe in goddes, and non is efter þyn werkes [L secundum opera tua].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2154 : Shul ye nowher fynden difference Fro the sentence of this tretys lite, After the which this myrie tale I write.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5409 : More hij ben þan olyfaunz, Blake-heueded after a palfray.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.109 : Henry..me comaunded..For to compyle and after Guydo make.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.44v : Quykebem .. is mykel & heyh after appultre, & leuys eke, saf more whit vndirneþyn.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)48/15 : By Mary is understonden alle contemplatyues, for þei schuld conforme here leuyng after hirs.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)34a/b : He kitteþ & fleeþ after a crosse [L secundum crucem].
- (1426) Doc.in Sur.Soc.855 : John Lyllyng bad hym..make hym osmundes..and delyvered hym a osmund to make yam after.
- (1429) Will Braybroke in Ess.AST 5302 : An Antiphoner after ye newe ordinal noted..I yeue and assigne to ye chapel..a myssal after the newe ordinal.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)193 : Ȝif prestis seyn here matynes, masse, & euensong aftir salisbury vsse.
- (1441) Proc.Privy C.5.156 : That it may please unto youre hyenesse to grante..letters patentes..after the fourme, contenue, and effecte of a cedule to this bille annexid.
- (1442) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1386 : And iiijcxvj fote of Seuerant table scapled with poynts aftur a molde to theym also therof deliuered.
- (1444) RParl.5.75b : For to graunte his Chartre to be made..after the contenue of the same Cedule, in due forme.
- (c1444) Paston2.69 : To graunte..your lettrys patents..aftyr affecte of note folowyng.
- (1449) RParl.5.168a : Lettres patentes to be made..after the tenure of a Cedule to this Bille annexed.
- (1449) Pet.Pell in Antiq.24101 : Please it unto your Highnesse..to Graunte unto your humble and trewe Liegeman..Lettres Patentes of Licence to be made unto him after th'efect that ensueth.
- (1450) RParl.5.192a : A Graunte made unto hym by us..to be taken in oure Counte of Chestre, after the tenour of our Letters Patentez theroff to hym made.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.9 (Hrl 2169)176 : The armys of oure lord Jesew cryst after the forme of the passyon.
- a1500(1444) Let.Curteys in RS 96.3 (Add 7096)260 : Lettres pattentes..in deue forme, after the contenue of a cedule herto annexid.
c
- a1300(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Jes-O 29)297 : For ofte Museþ þe kat after hire moder.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.3 : Translacion of Ranulphus of Chestre's Bookes of Cronykes..After solempne and wise writeres of arte and of science.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.125 : Frenssh she spak..After the scole of Stratford atte Bowe.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.731 : Who so shal telle a tale after a man, He moot reherce as neigh as euere he kan.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3329 : In twenty manere koude he trippe and daunce After the scole of Oxenforde tho.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2972 : Why He scholde do so gret servise After the world in such a wise.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)317 : Þat preestis doon þese þingis bifore and drawyn aftir hem god to do þe same.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)862 : Do after me! I am þi nors: all-wey gadyr, and haue non reste.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.46 : Who-so byldeth after euery man his howse, hit schall stonde a-croke.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11300 : Swa þatt te faderr wurrþe firrst Jechonyas ȝehatenn, & allse hiss sune efft affterr himm Beo Jechoniass nemmnedd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2715 : Efter þissere Galoes Wales wes inemned.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2911 : He [Leir] makede ane riche burh..& he heo lette nemnen efter him seoluan..Kaer Leir.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)72 : Cristen beoð icleped riche and loð efter crist seolf..his nome þet we of him hafen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)685 : He boren ðat liknesse wurðing, Calden it bel, after belum.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1409 : Þe nexte monþe..He let after him clupie august.
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)165 : Lud..made a yate, Ant clepede hit, after ys nome, Ludgate.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)172a/a : He gadred moche folke..and toke Armenia and clepid it aftir his owne name.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.842 : Cam worthi Francus..After his name he made calle Fraunce.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)682 : Sche hyte Pyla and hyr fader Atus..Pylatus þei cleped him þo After hem boþ two.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)16/3 : It es called Jaffe after ane of Noes sones þat hight Japhet.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)34 : He hadde hem of ȝouþe And Waspasian was caled, þe waspene bees after.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)174/36 : The shippe drowe to Spayne in the kyngdom of Lupie. And that tyme there was in Spayne a queene namyd Lupie after it.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)2 : Tho saide Albyne..'I will have this lond called after my name.'
e
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)40b/b : Al þe spicez [of squinancie] wircheþ a maner difficulte after breþing & swolwyng.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Esdr.5.63 : Þer camen of preestis & of leuytis & of presidentis after þe townes to þe elderes.
Note: ?New sense
Note: L secundum
Note: Per ?RB: after seems to mean 'of', a sense we do not have
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2313 : Duk Ro[land] after hym slent with his swerd to slen him þanne.
Note: Antedates 1.(b)--per MG
- a1275 Wenne þin eyen (Trin-C B.14.39)3 : Þu maist ifinden feole vnholde þat willt striuen afteir þine seluere & þine golde.
Note: New spelling