Middle English Dictionary Entry

after prep.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) After (in space); of position: at the rear of, behind; of motion: coming behind, following, in pursuit of; (b) in the direction of, towards.
2.
(a) Along the length of, following the course of, by the side of, along; ~ lengthe, lengthwise; (b) traversing, across, through, up and down.
3.
Following (in time), after: (a) following (sb.) in a chronological series, in succession to; following (sth.) in order of occurrence or existence; next ~, immediately following; on ~ on, on ~ another, one after another; word ~ word, one word after another, word by word; (b) following (a point of time, day, hour, season, etc.), following the passage of (a period of time); (c) subsequent to (an action or event); (d) ?as a consequence or result of, because of; (e) ~ tham, ~ than, ~ that, after that happened, after that was done, after that; ~ this, after this happened, etc.; (f) after the hond, after the event, by hindsight; (g) ~ time, after the time that, as soon as.
4.
Following (in a series, set, or continuous whole, such as a composition), at a later point or further on than; below.
5.
Next (in rank, importance, value, etc.), next to, second to; with neg.: excepting, save only.
6.
In order to get, to find, to attain: (a) with verbs of going, seeking, sending: comen ~, to come for (sth.), come to get; faren ~, to go to get (sth.); hunten ~, to pursue (game); -- used fig.; rechen ~, to reach for (sth.); seken ~, to search for (sth.), try to attain, seek for; seken ~ the whies, to try to learn the reasons; senden ~, to send for (sth.), have (sth.) brought, summon (sb.); (b) with verbs of waiting, looking, listening: abiden ~, awaiten ~, biden ~, stonden ~, waiten ~, to wait for (sth.), wait in hope of seeing or getting (sth.), lie in wait for (prey); also, to expect or anticipate (sth.); aspien ~, beholden ~, loken ~, pouren ~, to look for (sth.), look in hope of getting (sth.); also, to expect or anticipate; herken ~, listnen ~, to listen in order to hear (sth.), listen for (sth.) one hopes to receive; (c) with verbs of asking, calling, crying, etc.: asken ~, praien ~, to ask for (sth.), request; bleten ~, to bleat for (lamb); callen ~, clepen ~, to call for (sth.), ask for, request, summon (sb.) by calling; crien ~, greten ~, yeien ~, to cry out for (sth.), beg for, summon (sb.) by crying out; enqueren ~, spiren ~, to search for (sth.) by questioning; louen ~, to low for (calf); shriken ~, to call (sb.), summon; (d) with expressions of desiring, loving, yearning: alonged ~, longing for (sth.), desirous of; desir ~, a desire for (sth.); desiren ~, to desire (sth.); gredi ~, greedy for (sth.); hopen ~, to hope for (sth.); hungren ~, to be hungry for (sth.); listen ~, to desire (sth.); longen ~, to long for (sth.); love ~, love toward (sb.); oflust ~, desirous of (sth.); rejoicen ~, to anticipate (sth.) eagerly; wilnen ~, to wish for (sth.); yernen ~, to yearn for (sth.); (e) with other expressions: in order to get; breken ~, don ~, fishen ~, sheten ~, swinken ~, ten ~, tilien ~.
7.
About, concerning; asken ~, beholden ~, writen ~, etc.
8.
(a) According to, in conformity with, so as to correspond to, in keeping with, appropriate to; ~ Grekish speche, in the Greek language; ~ right, according to justice, justly; ~ the sesoun, appropriately to the season; (b) in conformity with (law, custom, a rule), in obedience to; ~ right, according to law, lawfully; (c) in conformity with (someone's advice, authority, judgment, teachings, etc.); in obedience to (someone's will, command, etc.); (d) in conformity with the wishes of (sb.), according to the advice or teachings of (sb.); don (werken) ~, to obey (sb.); ~ min herte, conforming to the wishes of my heart; ~ the mone, in obedience to the moon, as a lunatic; (e) as stated or affirmed by, on the authority of, according to; (f) ~ on, in the same way, of the same quality, alike; ~ on maner, in the same manner.
9.
(a) In proportion to, commensurately with; (b) of reward or punishment: in proportion to (one's deserts, merits, works, etc.), in accordance with (one's faith, righteousness, sin, etc.); (c) in the amount or measure of; ~ a peni, at the rate of a penny; ~ distance (space) of, for a distance equal to; ~ the half, half full; (d) ~ more and (or) lesse, as to greater and (or) lesser, as to greatness and (or) smallness; ~ higher and lower, as to higher and lower.
10.
(a) In imitation of (sb.), in the likeness or image of, resembling; in (the likeness of sb.); maken ~, to make (sth.) to resemble (sb.); (b) according to the pattern of (sth.), in the manner of, like; according to (a model or plan); having the subject matter of (a book, document, etc.), as a copy (or translation or redaction) of, according to; ~ the contenu (effect, forme, tenour) of, containing the substance of (a legal document); (c) according to the actions or practices of (sb.), in imitation of, in the same manner as; tellen ~, to repeat (a story) after (sb.); (d) in honor of (sb.), in memory of (sth.), with reference to; callen ~, clepen ~, nemnen ~, to name (sth.) for (sb.), call (sth.) by (someone's name); (e) with respect to, as regards.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Esdr.5.63 : Þer camen of preestis & of leuytis & of presidentis after þe townes to þe elderes.
  • Note: ?New sense
    Note: L secundum
    Note: Per ?RB: after seems to mean 'of', a sense we do not have
  • c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2313 : Duk Ro[land] after hym slent with his swerd to slen him þanne.
  • Note: Antedates 1.(b)--per MG
  • a1275 Wenne þin eyen (Trin-C B.14.39)3 : Þu maist ifinden feole vnholde þat willt striuen afteir þine seluere & þine golde.
  • Note: New spelling