Middle English Dictionary Entry
wresten v.
Entry Info
Forms | wresten v. Also wreste, wreston, wrē̆st, wrast(e, wrist, (chiefly N) wraist(e & (error) wyrast; sg.3 wrestith, (K) wrēst; p. wrestid, wraisted & wrest(e, wrast(e; ppl. wrestid, wrastid, wrastede, wraisted & wrest, wrast, wraiste, rest, rast(e, (?error) whrassid. |
Etymology | OE wrǣstan to wrest, twist & ON: cp. OI reista. Quot. ?c1450 St.Cuth. in sense 3.(a), with p.ppl. form whrassid, should be deleted from quashen v. (a). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. arasten v. & (for sense 4.) resten v.(3).
1.
(a) To turn or twist about, writhe; also, extricate oneself (from a grip) by twisting or writhing; of the wind: change direction;—used in fig. context;
(b) to pull with a twisting motion;
(c) to struggle, fight; fight (with sb.); also, struggle morally; stand in opposition (to God); ~ ayen;
(d) to force a way; also in fig. context; also, burst forth, issue.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19353 : Þan be-gan þai wrenk and wrest [Frf: wraist; Phys-E: wraiste] And for tene þair tethe to gnast.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)68/14 : Sche mygth not stondyn ne knelyn but walwyd & wrestyd wyth hir body.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.82 : How-so-evire þise wrechfull wynd wrayste [vrr. wraste, wyrast] Yit in som manere schal we flete on londe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)648 : The kynge…wrast out of his gripinge with grete peyne.
b
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)911 : With here pynsours sore þey plyȝt…Þe nayles stokyn so fast yn þe tre; Ful faste þey wrastyn, no þyng þey wounden, Nedes þey mote brese foule hys honden.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)488/24 : He wraystid at hur fynger and he cuthe nott gett of þe ryng.
c
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)275/13 : Þis wrestlung is ful bitter to monie þet beoð ful forð inwei towart heouene, for þeo ȝet in fondunges…waggeð oðer hwiles, & mote wresten [Corp-C: wreastlin] aȝein wið strong wraggunge.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)104/164 : God wyþ-stondeþ hym þat chyt And aȝe god wrest [rime: for-gest], Ase he wyþ-stent þe prouden.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3554 : Thei holde ȝow so sore agast That ȝe dar not with hem wrast.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2716 : Alle a mateyns tyme þei se he was þere, wrestyng and wrastillyng in swech maner fere.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)191 : Among þes wery boyes he wrest and he wrang: He threw þam doun to þe erth, and þrast þaim amang.
d
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)98/37 : Heo wresten in uppon me, ase þauh ðe wal were to broken.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1403 : Sturnen trumpen strake, steven in halle; Aywhere by þe wowes wrasten krakkes.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)9/2 : Þay bonden hym to þe crosse…so hard…þat þe blod wrast apon yche a knot.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)1377 : His forbeshed swerd…faste holding, To A peiteuin wightly smote he faste…The timbre And yre thorugh hys body wraste.
2.
(a) To turn (sth.), twist; twist (sth.) forcefully, wrench; also, twist (one’s fingers) together, i.e., wring (one’s hands);
(b) to wrench (sb. or sth. into or out of a position), pry; thrust (sb. down from a horse); also, pluck out (someone’s eyes); ~ awei (of, oute, etc.); ~ aside, put (an animal) aside, ?thrust out of sight; ben wrested wronge, be forced into a contorted position;
(c) to tighten the strings of (a harp) by twisting the tuning peg; ppl. wrested, tuned;—used in fig. context;
(d) fig. to intensify (an emotion), incite;
(e) to comb or card (sth.); ppl. wrested, of hemp: combed, hackled;
(f) ben wrested, fig. to be turned from the proper course, be perverted, etc.; of the wits or the will: be distracted; ben wrested amis (awei, wronge);
(g) ben wrested, fig. to be disposed or oriented (to sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3755 : Iulius adun smat & þat sweord a ðene scelde bat; Iulius hit wraste [Otho: wreste], & þat sweord stike feste.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1125/29 : Þat serpent wrast his o whyte heed bakward and bote þe ȝonge banyour.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)99a/b : Þai bynd it aboue And splenteþ it…for in slepyng þe membre myȝt be wraisted.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)105/19 : Sum seyde þat sche had þe fallyng euyl, for sche wyth þe crying wrestyd hir body, turnyng fro þe o syde in-to þe oþer.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)533 : Wreston: Plecto.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3194 : Hur fyngres sche wrast, þe blod out brak, Sche tremblede & sykede inderly.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)203/20 : Þe wynd…renneþ aboute from place to place to haue his issu oute…suche a wynd wrestiþ a man-is gutte aboute, as who wold winde a ȝerde.
- a1500 *Medulla (Cnt D.2)102a/b : Plect…to wryst, and to wrythe.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4309 : Bineþe þe nekke he him nom, & wraste him adoun of is hors.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.181 : Fyve knyȝtes myȝte not wreste the rope out of his hond.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.205 : At þe laste þe knyȝtes wreste of her ryng.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6195 : Þe lyd up sone þey wraste, And brak þe lok at þe laste.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3466 : He þat on þe right side lai, Þe toþer him wraisted oft away; And he þat lay a-pon þe left, þe toþer oft his sted him reft.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)80 : Pynez me in a prysoun…wrast out myn yȝen.
- (c1400) Higd.(1) (Hrl 1900)538 : The knyȝtes wreste of hir the ryng.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2525 : On of hem…at his bak behynde Threw þis goot; he þoutȝ to haue a feest Whan he cam hom; oside he gan him wreest, In a pryuy cornere he hing him be þe feet.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13571 : Many knyght of sadel was wrast.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)498/17 : He wraste hys swerde oute of hys honde.
- a1500 St.Alex.(5) (Tit A.26)63/316 : He hyllde his hand so faste, That owte he myght hit [leaf] natt wrast.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)311/163 : This caytyffe…shall be wronge wrast, or I wynd awaye.
c
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)340 : An harpe haþe þre partis of hym: þe ouermost in which ben stringis wrastid, þe secounde is þe holow part of þe harpe, þe þridde knytteþ þise two to-gidre.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)340 : Many kunne [not] wrast þis harpe.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1166 : Þat wakned his wrath and wrast hit…hyȝe.
e
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)194/3 : It is founden to make ham of hempe towe, namely þat is wel wrastede [L pectinatis] and clensede.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)424 : To Wraste: pectinare.
f
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)130 : He tooke hede to my drery chere And to my deedly colour…Thanne thoghte he þus, ‘þis man þat I se here, Al wrong is wrestid, by oght I se can.’
- a1450 The grete god (Gar 143)70 : Ȝif eny fawte or foli be, Let not þi tonge a-mys be wrest, But…Al-way fond to say þe best.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4622 : Ouir wild [read: will] is many ways wraiste, as þe wedire skiftis.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.60 : He is so wrast [L Nubila mens est] away he may not wynne, And brideled sore.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.10 : All myn aventure I gan ourhayle, that langer slepe ne rest Ne myght I nat, so were my wittis wrest.
g
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1482 : Wonder me þynkkez, Wyȝe þat is so wel wrast alway to god, & connez not of compaynye þe costez vndertake.
3.
(a) To tear (sb. or sth.) apart, rend; ~ in sonder (in two);
(b) to harm (sb.), injure, afflict.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)7510 : A bere, a lyoun boþe I mette…I shook hem bi þe berdes so þat her chaules I wraste in two.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)21b/b : Dirupio: to wrast or rende.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6041 : Þe whele faltird in his clathes…And kest him, and him vndir he was whrassid [?read: whrastid] all in sondir.
b
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)28b/a : Fligo: to wringe or wreste.
4.
(a) To take (sb. or sth.) forcibly, seize;—also without obj. [last quot.; some quots. with sb. as obj. could also be construed as sense 3.(b)]; also, take (sth. from sb.); also fig. and in fig. context;
(b) to bring (sb.) forcibly or precipitously (into or out of a state, etc.);
(c) to compel (sb. or sth. to do sth.), constrain;
(d) to control (sth.), check.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21935 : Quat bot es it sa fast to wraist, þat we mai neuer þarof be traist?
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)76/137 : Moyses…If thai with wrang ought walde þe wrayste, Owte of all wothis I sall þe were.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)291/525 : Sir knyghtis þat are cruell and kene, That warlowe ye warrok and wraste, And loke þat he brymly be braste.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)5828 : So sall þi reme fro þe be rast [vr. raste].
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)76/29 : Þouȝ his bodyly sith were rest fro him, ȝet vndirstood he in his soule þat his successour was ny him.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)95/28 : Se þe false byhestes and deceytes of kynges & of princes, & the pillage þat they wrayste to hem with vyolence.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)69/150 : Moyses, be thou nott abast…If thay with wrong away Wold Wrast, outt of the way I shall the Were.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1802 : He watz corsed for his unclannes…And of þyse worldes worchyp wrast out for ever.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.423 : Of an harpe he herde the sueete soun, Which instrument…Wrestid hym ageyn to al gladnesse.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)301/261 : He is wraiste of his witte.
- c1460 MOTest.(Lngl 257)16215 : Wrayst [Seld: The wyf was wratht outt of hyr wyll and seyd hyr welth a way was kast].
c
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1427 : Fynaly, he gan his herte wreste To trusten hire, and took it for the beste.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)7739 : He brydlede hem [slanderers], & dyde hem wreste, What-euere they herde, to sey the beste.
d
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3141 : Foundours off lawe…Wrestid corages off many conquerour, That ther tryumphes no ferther sholde atteyne Than lawe off God & nature dede ordeyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.948 : Whan tirauntis been sette on hih stages Off dignites, regnyng lik wood leouns, Ful harde it is to wresten ther corages, Outher to tempre ther disposiciouns.