Middle English Dictionary Entry
tōken n.
Entry Info
Forms | tōken n. Also tokene, tokin(e, tokon, tokne, tocne, toquen, (chiefly N or early) taken, takein, takin(e & (early) tacn(e, tacnæ, tockne; pl. tokenes, etc. & tokenise, tokenus, tokenen, tokunnes, tockenes, (K) toknen, tocnen & (early) tacna, tacnæ, tacnu, tacnen, (dat.) tacnum. |
Etymology | OE tācn, tācen, tācon. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A physical object that by virtue of a physical or conceptual similarity is used to represent an action, a concept, state, or superior thing, a symbol; also, a property, esp. color, conventionally associated with that symbolized; also, a visionary image with symbolic import; in ~, symbolically; in ~ of, so as to symbolize (sth.); in ~ that, so as to indicate that (sth. is so); (b) an action intended to figure a concept, condition, etc.; also, an action intended to suggest a state of affairs; (c) a representation of the cross; also, the sign of the cross made with the hand; ~ of the cros, rode ~, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Nicod.(Bod 343)2/30 : Moyses on þam mycle wæstene þa næddræ up ahof to healice tacnæ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)62/32 : Cristes wundræ..ȝetacnoden þeah sum þing diȝelices; forðan ðe his weorc beoð wunderlice on tacnum.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1737 : Tatt bisscopess reclefatt Wass an full openn takenn Off Cristess bodiȝ, þatt wass full Off Goddcunndnessess mahhtess.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.804 : In tokne and remembrance Of hem whiche usen wicke speche, Upon this bridd he tok this wreche: That ther he was snow whyt tofore, Evere afterword colblak.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1016/25 : The white [poplar] haþ leues white on þa oon syde and grene on þe oþer..as it were toknes of day and of nyght.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16203 : A purprin clath þai on him kest, And gain to pilate broght In taken þat he was a fole.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.86 : Boþe maisters and doctors Þat han cure vnder cryst and crownynge in tokne Ben chargid with holy churche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3028 : He sawe a baner blased vp & doun..She..seyde..'Þis ful tokene of partyng of vs tweyn For euere-more, nowþer for sour nor swete, After þis day neuer ageyn to mete!'
- a1456(c1422) Lydg.Glo.Marriage (Trin-C R.3.20)110 : Þe whyte also is tooken of clennesse.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.My Lady (Add 16165)99 : Summe in token of clennesse Weren whyte.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)246/8, 10 : Frendes, to oure vndirstondyng þis gret signe oþur token þat apered to [Seynt John was] þis glorious Virgyne..for she was signe and token of hasty saluacion of man.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)411 : Þat simulacre..stode ful strauȝt..And in his honde a golden balle In tokene þat Rome was chieff cite Of alle this worlde.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)299 : Ȝit þer ben ouer-many cowordis & foolis stondyng in þis fredom, siþ þey dar not reproue here comunes in kepyng of here obseruauncis, but dwellen in her naked habitis in tokene þat þei wolen turne aȝen.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.228 : The mytre on þe buschopys hefd betokenyth þe coroune of þornys þat Crist bar on hys hefd..and þerfor þe mytre hat two scharpe hornys in tokene of þo scharpe þornys.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)85 : The red hors was tokne of hardynesse.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9823 : Adam eet an appel..In token þat he þat firste had grace..And in-to woo and sorwe nam..þat appul soure bicam.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)351 : Abraham..Þe fourme of þre children he mette..and as on he hem grette, In tokne it was, i telle þe, Off þe holi trinite.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)4/97 : Ȝoure Cristendom his tokene þrof Of criste þat we toke.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)6/161 : Þes seuene..holicherche sacremens..beþ tokenen of heuene.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.258-9 : Bileve techiþ Cristene men þat signes of þe olde lawe weren toknes of oure signes now, as þei ben tokenes of þe blisse of hevene..Þe passing þourȝ þe Reed see..figuride þe passioun of Crist.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)4/15 : At þe begynnyng of þin obediens þou yildist þin hondis in to þi souereynis hondis in tokne þat she myght lede þe vertuously whither þat she wille.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)1000 : The wasshyng mad out-ward Ys but tookene (who taketh Reward) Off al clennesse forth with-Inne.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.310 : Þe cloþ..al wofyn abouyn into on..þe knyȝtis woldyn nout cuttyn but keptyn it hool..in tokne þat euery goode knyȝt of God schulde ben besy to armyn hym with þe cloþ..and þe armure of charite.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Þis ic festnie mid Cristes tacne ✚.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)87/11 : Se Hælend þa his hand aðenede, & rode tacne ofer Adam geworhte..& he Adam beo þære swyðre hand fram helle ateah.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)121 : Crist godes sune wes ibuhsum þan heuenliche federe to þa deðe, and þet to swulche deðe swa ȝe maȝen iseon on þere rode tacne to-foren eou.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)24/9 : [She] droh þa endelong hire & þwertouer þrefter þe deorewurðe taken of þe deore rode þet he on reste.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3875 : Aftyr þan, ȝede þe chylde, Þat was become meke and mylde; wyþ þe tokene he gan hym blesse, And kneled down, þe cros to kesse.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)21668 : Qua wil vmthinc him in his mode, Mai find fele takeins of þe rode.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)1150 : Till heuyn vp gan þai stare, and þan takin of þe croyce on þaire mowthes mak þai þare.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)188/1 : Þei wil first schryuen hem & marken hem with the tokene of the holy cros, so þat the fendes ne han no power ouer hem.
- a1450 Methodius(2) (Add 37049)109/33 : Þe kyng of Romaynes sal..ȝeld his spirit vn-to God, þe kyng of Cristen men, & þan sal appere þe tokyn of þe holy cros in heuen.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)6/28 : If þe curside feend any suche yueles puttiþ in þi þouȝt, lifte vp þi riþt hand & croys þee in stidfast hope of Goddis helpe & smyte hym wiþ þe hooly roode token, þat he stirte abak.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)81/34 : Lat us lift vp oure handis and blisse us with the token of the crosse, and firmally trust and calle upon oure Lord.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)221 : She..seeyng the tree..bowid hir silf and..bigan to cry..seyeng: 'The signe and token of the same shalbe made weete with dropes of swetyng.'
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)122 : Jhesu Cryst hath sente the hyder by þe token of thys crosse.
2.
(a) An omen, a portent; also, that which presages, a foreshadowing of a future action or event; (b) an occurrence assumed indicative of the divine will; also, a marvel or an event assumed to signify the favor of a supernatural power; (c) significance, meaning, import;—also pl.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1107 : Manege sædon þet hi on þam monan þyses geares mistlice tacna gesawon & ongean cynde his leoman wexende & waniende.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/30 : Se godspellere Lucas awrat..þæt ure Drihten wæs specende þyssen worden to his leorningcnihten, beo þan tacnen þe ær þysser wurlde geændunge gelimpeð.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/31 : Tacna gewurðeð on sunne & on mone & on steorran.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)68/20 : Tacnen byð on sunne & on mone & on steorren, & on eorðen byð þeoda gedreccednysse, for gemængednysse sælicra yðen & sweges.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6401 : Þe king..toc hemm þa full dærneliȝ To fraȝȝnenn off þat steorrne, Whillc daȝȝ itt wass hemm allre firrst To takenn sett o liffte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8960 : Þat taken of þan steorre..soð hit is, Uðer leof, þat tacnede þines broðer dæd.
- ?a1300 Fiftene toknen (Dgb 86)10 : Þat ferme day hit reine blod..Children vnborene þat nout ne beþ Of þare tokne adred hy beþ.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5927 : Þe volc of denemarch..robbede þen toun vaste..Þis was as a tokne þat to comene was.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 2.34 : Þis forsoþe schal ben þe tookne þat is to comyne to þi two sones, Ophny & phynees.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Bar.6.66 : Thei shewen not to folkis tokenis in heuen, nether thei shuln shyne as sunne, nether liȝtene as the mone.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.165 : Þe staat of þe reeme, sleynge of men, and spousebreche: soche þey declareþ certeynliche by schewynge of tokenes and of synnes þat beeþ in suche a schulder boon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2211 : This nyht ful late The trompe of deth was at my gate In tokne that I scholde deie.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)631/26 : Here [swallows'] comynge is tokene and bodynge of springeinge tyme and witnesse of faire somer and clere wedir.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5989 : But of þe egle she bad hem taken hede, No þinge was but tokne of tresoun, Pronostik, and declaracioun.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)155b/a : Þai be cometez or..impressionz of þe aier by þe which Ipocras vnderstode a heuenly signe or token.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)765 : All the tokens of this sacrament that we ay can fynd In the old lawe trugh trouth of this comes til our mynd.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1708 : So was þe sweuene of his suster seynt Ede, Of hurre ryȝt yȝe ouȝt of here hedde fallyng..Was very tokene of his martringe.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)61/8 : Þe preste with a dedly pale chere was ferefull and astoned in his herte, hopynge to fynde more fortunate tokenes in þe entrailles within.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)26/35 : All that herde of that swevyn seyde hit was a tokyn of grete batayle.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)31/40 : By a maner of prophicie..þey declaryn the tooknys of pees and werre.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.247 : Aforn þis dom gon many tokenys of warnynge to synful wrechis, as age, sekenesse..rymplyng of skyn.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)72/73 : The ix tokon was charys and waynys in þe clovdys aperyng and anon frov þer syȝt.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)732 : Þatt wass wurrþshipe inoh till menn, & ec full openn takenn Þatt heore streon wass Drihhtin leof.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4013 : Itt shollde ben onn himm Till himm full witerr takenn, Þatt he wass Drihhtin swiþe lef Þurrh trowwþess rihhtwisnesse.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16000 : Þe king læi on cneouwen and cleopede to Cristin..Þat he from him-selue taken him sende..wheðer he scolde liðen þe he scolde bi-lauen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)635 : God gat it: a token of luuen Taunede him in ðe wakene a-buuen, Rein-bowe, men cleped, reed and blo.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3825 : God sal to-morgen token don, Quilc kinde he wile ðis mester on.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)78/5 : Þei wenen þat hit be a gret tokene þat God loueþ hem for he multeplieþ so muche here children, and I am certein it is a gret tokene þat God hateþ hem.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1777 : Þe briȝt sonne stood at Gabaon..Schewyng þis tokne to his trewe knyȝt Fynally for to ȝeue hym lyȝt.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)34/15 : Pymalion wente to the temple of Venus..the bronde that sche helde be hire-self began to take fire..the louere was mery for that tokne, and went towarde his ymage, and tooke it in his armys, and warmed it so sore with his nakid flesch that the ymage had lijf, and began to speke.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.190 : Þat yhs sodeynly malt away in tokene þat þe soule was delyueryd be his preyere.
c
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)964/10 : Now hast thou harde the tokyns of thy dreme?
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)404/231 : Manye signes they shall shewe which the people shall well knowe, and in theire token truely trowe.
3.
(a) An observable characteristic, action, etc. that indicates the presence of a state, condition, or moral quality; also, a visible indicator of an inward state; also, a means of testing an inward state; (b) a means of identifying a person, type of person, or thing; a defining characteristic or set of defining characteristics; also, a physical mark indicative of a past or present status; also, the mark left by a physical injury; (c) med. a characteristic sign of a disease or of a bodily disorder, a symptom; also, a characteristic sign of a bodily condition, of recovery, or of health.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)95/10 : Seo sibb is moder þære soðe lufe, & heo is halignysse tacn; Beo þære Drihten cwæð þurh þone witega, 'Lufieð sibbe & soðfæstnysse.'
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)162/17 : Þet is tacne of heatunge þet me tukeð towundre þing þet me heateð swiðe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)203/35 : Yef þe wordes byeþ uoule and lodliche, þet is apert tokne þet þe uoulhede and þe lodlichhede byeþ ine þe herte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)216/12 : Lhord, þou wost þet ich hatie þe toknen of prede and þe blisse of agrayþinges.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)178/6 : Among alle þe wittes þe yen beþ next to þe soule for in yȝen is þe token of þe soule, For in þe yȝen is..iseye..desturbaunce and gladnes of þe soule and also loue, [etc.].
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)301/8 : Whan children voice chaungiþ, it is a tokene of puberte.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6609 : Hyt ys a tokene of felunnye To weyte hym with swych gylrye.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)108/12 : For seintes techen eiȝte tokenes to knowe bi where a man be meke; Þe furst is ȝif a man haue non indignacioun whanne he is undurnome of a lasse þan he is.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)15/16 : He þat haþ not þe spirit of Crist, he is not his seruaunt, albeit þat he haue þe outward tookenes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4376 : Who can ben peisible in his smerte, It is a tokene he hath a manly herte.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)39/35 : Whanne it wexeþ and groweþ in þe soule, þanne is þat maruȝ þe pacience, which is an opyn, euydent tokene and an open schewyng þat I lyue and wexe in þe soule.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)352/33 : Tribulacioun is a tokene þat schewiþ parfiȝt charite of þe soule, & also imperfeccioun of þe soule.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)54/16 : Þilke þat ben ordeyned to þe werk of Mars..comounliche þey hauen þese tokenes..anclees and feet not coumbred wiþ flesch but wel hardid.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)2/62 : It is a token of gret mistrust if a recluse care bisely for hir lyflode.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)81/9 : Yif þin hert be anguissid..yit labour privili with oute schewyng of outeward toknes.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.35.21b : Þat schalt þou witen bi þis tokne: whan it is so þat þou art sterid to a meditacion in god..þou in þis gostli siȝte felist þin herte sterid to so gret compassion..þat þou mornist, and wepist.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.217 : Þe Philosofre seith..þat speche is tokene of þouȝtis in þe herte.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)225/5 : The tokenesse of the Pyteous and merciabil man..whitte coloure and cleene, the eighen redy to wepe.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)87/26 : Onmang þan þa com þær an scaðe & an rode tacne on his exle bær.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)87/30 : Ac þa Judees wið þone Hælend onhengen me, & ic his miltse bæd, & he me getyðede, & of synne alesde, & mid his worde hider asænde to þan ængle mid þyssen tacne, þe ge on minen halse geseoð.
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)21/30 : Eft Jeremias cwæð, 'Eala þu Jerusalem, efne þin alesend cumð & þiss byð his tacne: Blinde eagen he onlihteð & deafen he forgyfð gehyrnysse.'
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/13 : On ða manne ðe hie is rixende, þis ðe tacne: al swo ðe woreld-mann lihtliche leicheð of ydelnesse..al swa ðe gastliche mann ðe hie on rixeð, lihtliche wepð oðer sobbeð.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)135/1 : Ne lat hie nawht ðe hande pleiȝende mid stikke, ne mid strawe—nis þat non god tocne of ripe manne, nis ðe hierte nauht ȝiet stedefast.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9419 : Þus he scal wel longe liðen ȝeond londen, leoden biwinnen, & his laȝen sette: Þis beoð þa tacnen of þan sune þe cumeð of U[ðe]re Pendragune.
- a1300 Serm.Liþer lok (Trin-C B.1.45)105 : Liþir lok and tuingling, tiheng & tikeling, opin brest & singing..arin toknes of horeling.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.53 : Ne willeþ ȝee nouȝth greuen þe erþe, ne þe Cee, ne þe trees vntil þat we merken þe tokne of þe lorde in þe foreheuedes of his seruauntz.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Gal.6.17 : I bere in my body the tokenis of oure Lord Jhesu Crist.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6124 : Bot in þat huse noght he yode þar he fand taken wit þe blode.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7398 : He kneu him quen he him beheild; Bi takens was him forwit teld.
- (?a1440) Paston2.21 : If ony..have lost swich a purs, and, the toknes þer-of told, he shal have it a-geyn.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)39/131 : Nay, Cayme nouȝt soo, haue þou no drede..For-thy a token shal þou see, It shalle be prentyd so in þe, That ilke aman shalle þe knowe full wele.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)297/25 : Saynt Laurens..come vnto hym with a grete indignacion & iij tymys he thrustid hym be þe arm..& crusid it..And..his arm was als bla & als sare with þe thrustyng of Saynt Laurens as he had suffred it evyn on his body, whilk takyn was apon hym ewhils he liffid.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)82/3000 : Þat day þat he crystned þe kyngis sonne, he tauȝt hym and seide: 'Syr, beholde and se, for now þou shalt take þe marke and þe tokene of oure Lorde God, and be sygned with þe lyȝt of his chere.'
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)102 : Nourne none couthe, Noþir by title ne token ne by tale noþir, Þat euer wos breuyt in burghe ne in boko [read: boke] notyde Þat euer mynnyd suche a more [read: mon].
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)753/23 : I hold hym a wrecchedman þat for all þis tokenes wyl not be tornede vn-to our lorde But a-byde stylle in his synnes.
c
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/16 : Cefalaponia, ðæt ys heafodsar, and þat sar fylȝþ lanȝe þan heafode, And þis synda þa tacnu þæs sares..Ærest þa ðunewenga clæppaþ.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/19 : Hwen þe heaued sweat wel þet lim þe ne swet nawt, Nis hit uuel tacne?
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)266/4 : For þe wombe gan to rise and swelle and tokenes of goynge with childe were iseye in þe womman.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)42/11 : Þerfore Ypocras seide þat whanne akynge & quytture appereþ, it is a tokene of heele.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)129/17 : Gladliche I leue þe cure if þat I se ony deedly tokenes.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)828 : An aldeman to dede drawand May noght wake, bot es ay slepand; Men says, al þir takens sere Er of a man þat þe dede es nere.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)135/360 : Whare if þe takyns þat schewes in þis wykked dayes in þe pacient be wykked..þe pacient levys not lange.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)183b/b : Ȝif þt a man holde þis drinke, it is a good token, and ȝif he brake it vppe aȝeine, it is ane euel token.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)85/10 : I wol schewe ȝou..wherof þe euel comeþ on an hors And also þe tokenus þerof where-bi þat men schul hem knowe.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4117 : His face was deformed and bolnyd And with rede salfleme suolnyd; It had takyns of grete sekenes To come.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)7/14 : If þis sikenes come of blode, þese ben þe tokenes: His templis mouen faste; hevynes of his browes.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)73a/a : Whanne akynge ceessiþ & quytture apperiþ, it is a tokene of hele.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)39/210 : Oþer wyles it comythe of wynde and of fleumatyk humours þat ben in þe moder, and if a woman swel with þis dropcy as and sche were with chylde, þer ben dyuerse tokennes to knowe oon from a noþer.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)24b/20 : Ȝif a wound be made of A woode hounde, þe tokyn is þat ane henne will not et of þe bred þat is wet in the wounde and if she do, she shall dy.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)26b/23 : Men shall knowe hem by tokenyse aforesaide.
4.
(a) Evidence, proof; a confirming detail; ~ wed, something left at the scene of a putative misdeed that may constitute evidence; (b) support for a belief; grounds for an opinion; bi that ~ that, bi the same ~ (that, for which (the same) reason; in ~ of, on account of, because of; (c) an extraordinary event serving as evidence of supernatural power, a miracle; (d) a physical trace, mark, footprint; also fig.; (e) a seal, ring, or similar object authenticating the bearer or an instruction; a password; also, a disclosure of personal details serving to attest to the speaker's identity; also, a seal guaranteeing the quality of an item.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3363 : Her icc wile shæwenn ȝuw Summ þing to witerr takenn; Ȝe shulenn findenn ænne child I winndeclutess wundenn & itt iss inn a cribbe leȝȝd.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)104/25 : Þe eahtuðe is suspitio, þet is, mis ortrowunge bi mon oðer bi wummon wið uten witer tacne.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2803 : 'Werp nu to token dun ðat wond!' And it warp vt of hise hond And wurð sone an uglike snake.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2860 : Moyses tolde hem ðat bliðe bode And let hem sen tockenes fro gode.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.38.7 : Þis..to þee shal ben a tookne fro þe lord..I shal make to turnen aȝeen þe shadewe of..þe sunne bacward.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.12.38 : The scribes and Pharisees answereden to hym, seyinge, 'Maistre, we wolden se a tokne of thee.'
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.258 : What wol ye moore? The crowe anon hym tolde By sadde toknes and by wordes bolde How that his wyf hadde doon hire lecherye.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)270/3 : Þe furþere partye of many hors is more þan þe hindir partye..þe token and signe herof is þat a colt touchiþ his owne heed wiþ his hindir feet and may nouȝt whenne he passiþ into age.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4402 : For mi cri ful suith he fled And left wit me a taken wedd; His mantel es bi-left wit me.
- a1425 LOL (Wnds E.I.I)37/9 : Þis shal be to þee a tookene of þo þings whiche I telle to þee: whan þou shalt come to þe goldene ȝate in Ierusalem, þere þou shalt meete Anne þi wyf.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)111/278 : Jos.: And is this soth, aungell, þou saise? Ang.: Yha! and þis to taken right, Wende forthe to Marie thy wiffe alwayse, Brynge hir to Bedlem þis ilke nyght.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)70/19 : In toknee þat he labored sore for oure pees, After his holy resurreccioun he..shewid hem his hondis and his feet..þat þei myght vndirstonde..what costes and expenses he had don forto.
- a1500(1445) ?Lydg.Marg.Entry (Hrl 3869)26 : The Doue..brought the braunche of pees..Tokyn and signe the floode shulde cesse.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)185 : J telle þe a tokene þat thow schal fynde trewe: þu schal mete with thyn wyff at þe goldyng gate.
b
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)54/19 : Teþingis beþ reserued and dewe to hym of whom we fongeþ al þat we haueþ, & so teþingis beþ dewe to him in token of his lordschip & schal be payed to parysche chirches.
- (1426) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.65 : I took openly seisyn in the name of me and alle my felas, be that tokene that the sayd Wyllyam, sone of Edmond, sente to the Alehows for ale.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)104/9 : Þis present lijf is but a knyȝthode, and in tokin þerof þis present lijf is callid a werre in difference of þat above þe which is callid victorious.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)723 : Þus ended coursed Cayphas & his clerkes alle, Al to-brused myd bestes, brent at þe laste, In tokne of tresoun & trey þat he wroȝt.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)290/36 : He was grettly amervelid, and all þat was with hym, in taken of þe fisshes.
- (1463) Paston2.291 : And to þis Maister Markham prayed you to agre by þe same token ye meved hym to sette an ende be-twyx you and my maisters your brethern.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)358/87 : Myn habundaunt mercy on here I extende..and in tokyn ther of this palme now pretende.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)462 : Crist bicliptide ȝonge & pore in tokene of his homelynesse; men seyen þat þe pope wole biclippe worldly worchip.
- -?-(1467-8) Will in Som.RS 16200 : I have left writinges with thabbat of Circestre and when ye come to him, by the same token that I said to thabbat, Sir, I have a goode quarrell..by that token he will deliver the said writinges unto you.
c
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)30/28 : He eac mid wundren þa lare getrymde, þæt..þa wiðercorene nane beladung nabeð, for þan þe heo ne þurh godcunde tacnen, ne þurh liflice lare þan soðfæsten Hælende gelyfen nolden.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Aelfric OT (Bod 343)28/315 : Ðeo oðer boc is Exodus ihaten, þe Moyses wrat be ðam micle tacnum & be ðam tyn witum, ðe wurðon ða gefremode ofer Pharao ðone kyng & ofer his folce.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Nicod.(Bod 343)2/6 : Ne mæȝ nan mon soðlice swylce tacnæ wurcen swylce ðu wyrcst, buton God beo mid him.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15461 : For Godd shop all þe werrld off nohht, An wunnderrlike takenn.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)91 : Þa warhte god feole tacne on þan folke þurh þere apostlan hondan swa þet ileiden þa untrum men men bi þere stret.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)4811 : Petrus..dude fale tockne; he verde ouer al þat lond and tornde hit to God.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2997 : He smot wið ðat gerde on ðe lond, And gnattes hird ðor ðicke up-wond..Ðis toknes dede aaron.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.24.24 : False Cristis and false prophetis schulen ryse, and thei schulen ȝyue grete tokenes and wondris.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 2.22 : Jhesu..prouyd of God in ȝou by vertues, or myraclis, and wondris, and tokenes.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)62/5 : Crist þer turned water into wyn; and þis was bigynnynge of tokenes þat Crist dide in Galile. And his disciples leueden in him.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1749 : In þe temple þe veil was kut on two, And signes many wern I-schewed tho, Þat for wonder and tokenes merveilous Þe grete worþi Dionisius..Seide platly, [etc.].
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)92 : Þe tokunnis of miraclis, in þe beginning of þe kirk, were only necessary þat sche schulde growe to þe feiþ.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)146b : Ihesus..ȝaf blynd men hare seyȝt..and dude many oþere grete tokenus of myracles and of wondrus.
d
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)654/26 : Oþer manere ryuer hatte torrens..and..suche a watir is ful swyfte and stronge..and gendreth strawe and stones to hepe, and leueþ þerafter merke and tokne [L vestigia], and destruyeþ waies.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)52/35 : Þe tokene and þe mark of origynal synne is left oonly wiþ ȝou, which mark [ȝ]e took of ȝoure forme fadris whanne ȝe weren bigete of hem.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4391 : Nouthir of his þeyn wendyng Na of his hider comyng Takyn fande þai nane.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6761 : He wasted kirkes, and mynsters brynte..Na takyn of cristiante, Vnneths a croce or kirk, left he.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)12/34 : Kynge Offa, for to haue a perpetuelle distiaccyon be-tiwix Englonde & Walis, made a grete dyche..Off the whiche diche many tokynis apperyn ofte, as þe dwellers of that cuntre knowyn welle.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)18/6 : Alclude was þe cyte the wch nowe is clepid Burgham..of whose ryalle byldynge yet apperyne þer merveyllous steppis or toknys.
e
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9593 : He sende to þan castle his selest þeines & grætte Ygærne, wifuene aðelest, & sende hire taken whæt heo i bedde speken.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)159 : Mi felaȝe..kan rede þe ariȝt. Haue & ber him þis ring On mine halue to tokning þat he þe helpe..child Floriz..tok him to tokne þis ring.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.8.23 : Also to this thing, the holy boke red to hem Esdra, and a tokne ȝouen of 'Goddis help', in the first sheltrun he duyk, ioynyde with Nychanore.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.269/767 : Wiþ redi tokne heo tolde hym sone þing þat was bi twene hem done.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.124 : Sei him þis tokene, þat I sette him to scole, And þat I grette wel his wyf for I wrot hire a Bulle.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.113 : I..axided hire þe heiȝe wey where clergie wonide, 'And tel me sum tokne to hym, for tyme is þat I wende.'
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)484 : The bisschop..knew him nowt Til he had told him certeyn toknes trewe, Wherby he knew him.
- (a1443) Paston2.7 : For as moche I have no full knowlace of ȝower entent ther-jnne nother be token ne wrytyng, I have nought deliuered them..pleseth ȝow to sende me word vnder qwat forme ȝe wole.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)1323 : At the begynnyng off your bateyl, loke that ye drynk Thyse erbys with wyne and the poudyr off thise stonys..And that ye schal noght fayl off thise same, Send to Walter iwellere be this tokyn in my name.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)487 : Telle þe frere a toquen, þat 'trouthe wote þe sothe.'
- (1456) Paston2.143 : Your cofre is at þe Prince Inne; sende for it whanne ye like be the token.
- (1460) Rec.Norwich 294 : If the cloth be tokened and founde defauty under þe tokene, þan shall þe tokener bere soche punysshement as can be auysed.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)24/13 : At the laste they were concluded that M[erlion] sholde go with a tokyn of kynge Ban, that was a rynge, unto hys men.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)25/12 : There was made such an ordinaunce..that there sholde no man of warre ryde nothir go in no contrey on this syde..but if he had a tokyn frome kynge Arthure.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)80 : Þe porter..yede to themperesse..& told to hir all the prive tokyns þat were ysaid bytwene hem two.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)131 : The tokene was a rynge of hys fynger, that who-so brought hem that rynge they sholde yeve credence to the message that it brought.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)69/156 : Good lord, thay Wyll not me trast..Wyth outen tokyn trew, thay wyll not tent ther tyll.
5.
A prearranged signal; also, a significant bodily motion, a gesture; also, a suggestive motion; in ~, as a signal.
Associated quotations
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7148 : Seint edward wuste of is deþ ar he henne wende, Vor seint Ion..sende him tokne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)10/27 : Þis heste uorbyet..þe kueade tocnen wyþoute þet byeþ ymad uor to draȝe zenne, ase byeþ kueade wordes of zuyche manere, oþer yefþes, oþer kueade takinges.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)222/20 : Þet yelt to echen his riȝt huanne he hit akseþ and bit be mouþe oþer be tokne, ase doþ þe wyfmen þet byeþ ssamuest zuich þing uor to acsi.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.20.38 : Þe sones forsoþe off Israel haddyn ȝifyn a tokne to þem þat weren sett in busschementis..fijr þei schuldyn teendyn.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.243 : Þanne þe duke made a tokene [L innuit] to his men þat þei schulde feyne to flee.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1174 : Symon, which mad was here aspie Withinne Troie..Whan time was, a tokne hath fired; And thei..comen in riht as thei wolden.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15452 : Quarwit þat he sal knaun be a taken i sal yow sai; þat ilk man yee se me kis..þat es he yee ga to seke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.368 : Slee nouȝt þat semblable is to myne owen liknesse, But if I sende þe sum tokne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3546 : Now priuely to haue her daliaunce Be som sygne of [read: or] castyng of an eye Or toknes, schewyng in hert what þei drye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)495 : Tokne, wythe eye or wythe the hand: Nutus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)523 : Wevynge, or mevynge wythe tokne: Annutus.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)26 : It [soul] schal mowe laste esily and contynuely in þe feelingis and in þe goostli cunfortis of Cristis loue; not discouerynge it-silf in siȝt of oþere men, neþer bi lawhynge ne bi sobbynge, ne bi no queint tokene of berynge of þe body.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)113/10,14 : Þere ben þre diuers kindes of tokenes: somme ben made wiþ manis voys crieng or spekynge, somme wiþ manis mouþ or breeþ..as blowing of trompes, clariouns, and hornes; somme ben clepid dombe tokenes..reysing and displayenge of baneres.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)147/51 : Ther fore such lyght goth be-forn In tokyn þat þe childe is born Whiche xal saue þat is for-lorn.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)137/22 : They shuylde come on the bac halfe of his enmyes aftir the bataille was ioyned and..he had geuyn theim a certayn tokyn whan they shulde sett on.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)104/15 : Þe ebdomodari make a tokin in smytinge þe forme wiþ here honde honestli, & anone þe sustris schul bowyn hem ȝif it be a Fest.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)108/2 : As sone þat sche schal see a tokene made for to bigynne þe office..she turne here bifore here whoche schal bigynne.
6.
(a) That which serves as a reminder, a memorial, memento, keepsake; a love token; also, an act of commemoration, esp. the sacrament of Communion; (b) an act performed in confirmation or recognition of a contract or an agreement; also, a public symbolic display or act.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)661 : Þa comen heo to þan bunnen þa Hercules makede..þat weoren postles longe of marmon stane stronge; Þat taken makede Hærcules.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3138 : Marcie men heo clupede þat is ȝet widene cuð; nu and auere-mare is taken of here heare..þe laȝe hehte Marciane.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)16.16 : Hij departed to her lytel her iuel toknes [L reliquias].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.16.38 : Beete he hem forþ into platys & ficche he to þe auter..þat þe sonys of Irael byholde hem for tokne and mynde.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)3804 : Þe stoon þat his heed lay on þat niȝt In token he hit set vpriȝt.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2398 : Ȝe maye Þenk vpon þis ilke þrepe þer þou forth þryngez..& þis a pure token Of the chaunce of þe grene chapel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.729 : Þer men seie..deuyses wonder merueillous, And, of folkis þat wern amerous, Þe tokenes born to schewen openly How þei in loue brenten inwardly Som hiȝe emprise þat day to fulfille.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 15.12 : Saul was comen into Carmeel, and hadde arerid to hym an out shynynge tokne of victory in maner of a bow.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1275 : Songes wolde he make, Justen, and don of armes many thynges, Sende hire lettres, tokens, broches, rynges.
- 1448 ME Verse in Anglia 92p.65 : Jhesu, my spowse..Som tokyn of loue thow send me blyue, that I the fend away may dryue.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)54.58 : I ȝow preye..that Som Maner Of Tokene ȝe welen leven Me, that I Of ȝow Myhte hauen som Manere Remembraunce.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4915 : I beqwethe to my lord Abbot of Bury..for a tokne of remembraunce my bedys of white ambyr with the ring of syluir and ovir gilt longyng therto.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1068/5 : She was so hote in love that she besought sir Launcelot to were uppon hym at the justis a tokyn of hers.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)35/24 : Forto make ofte þis remembraunce..was ordeynyd þe eukarist..a remembrauncyng, tokene, or signe of witnesse.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.303 : He seyt to ȝou & to euere cristene soule..Set me as a tokene on þin herte, Canti. viii.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)565 : Ech of hem desired other to se, and sente often messages that oon to the tother [and] tokenes.
b
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)308/24 : He..spousiþ hire wiþ a ring and takeþ hire to wif and ȝeueþ hire grete ȝiftis in tokene of þe contract of weddinge.
- (1404) Doc.in Sur.Soc.45319 : I John, sometyme ye wyf of Sr. Waltre Calverley, knyght..hete and a wo..yat fro hyne forwardys I sal kep my body in chastitee. And in tokyn y'of, wyt my owne hand I mak yis signe ✚.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)457 : Where a pon þis chevynteyns..buþ draw, hanged, hedyd, quartered, and in diuers Counreys hure quarteres I hanged vp in tokyn here of þis tresun.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)95/8 : The firste is þe kendnes of is Godhod, to þe wiche we owe tokens of frenshippe ȝeldynge, quia, 'Dilexi te.'
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)25/19 : Alle þe successours aftur þat tyme..receyven here consecracioun of þe archebysshope of Cauntyrbury and promyttyn hym obedyence, In tokyne where-of Bonifacius..seide a solemne masse by note.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)619/26 : In tokin þer-of he put to þis present writinge his seele.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)20 : Now sith I dranke þi bloode, in tokne of frendship, forsoth I woll not late þe goo all one, what so euer happe with me in tyme to come.
7.
(a) A flag, standard, banner; an emblem associated with a person or an event; ~ berere, berere of ~, a standard bearer; (b) a badge; a device for a coat of arms, banner, etc.; (c) a signet ring; (d) an item of apparel worn as an indication of status; (e) a sign identifying an inn.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)549/30 : [Signife]r: tocnebora.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)73.6 : Hij sett her toknes..and ne knewe hem nouȝt as in his passyng vp sweuen.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.18.3 : Whan shal ben rerid vp a tocne in mounteynes, ȝee shul seen, & þe noise of þe trumpe ȝee shuln heren.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.49.22 : I rere to jentilys myn hond & shal enhaunce to puplis my tocne & þei shul bringe-to þi sones in armys.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.718 : In þis wise forþe þe Grekis goon In-to þe feld, with pompe ful royal, With thensygnes and tokenes marcial.
- a1425 MChristi (Arun 286)58/1319 : Seynt Bernarde seiþ..'o þou man, a syker comynge þou hast to God, for..byfore þe sone þou hast þe moder for þe preyinge, and schewynge hym hir brestes and þe pappes þat he soke and toke hys kyndly fode; Þere siche tokenesse [L insignia] ben schewed noo preyer may be putte abacke.'
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)60b/a : Signum: a token, a shewynge, or a baner..Signifer: a berar of tokene.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)82/17 : Þis warde beriþ þe baner of þe egle, þe whiche amonge all þe baneres is þe principal signe and tokene of al þe oost of þe Romayns.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)83/29 : Token bereres or elles banerers þei ben clepid þat beren oþer baneres of oþer tokenes in þe batayle.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)45/30 : I sawe sex thynges in myne vndyrstandynge: The furste is þe takyns of his blysfulle passion and the plentevous schedynge of his precyous blode.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.61.42a : Martirdom, prechyng, and maidenhed..schullen haue a special mede, wilk þei callen aureole, and þat is nouȝt ellis bute a singuler wurschip and a special tokne ordeined of god.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.89 : Crist in holy wryȝt oftentymys is clepyd a cros, for þe cros is his special tokene.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)19/111a : Signifier: tokyn berer.
b
- (1455) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers26 : Know ye us the foresaide Lancastre to haue geven and graunted unto the honurable Crafte..of Iremongers of the citie of London a token of armes, that is to sey: Siluer, a cheueron of Gowles, sitte betwene three Gaddes of Stele of Asure..To haue, to holde, and reioyce the forsaide tokyn and armes..euermore.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.88 : Euery lord and knyȝt hatȝ a special tokene in hese armys..qherby he is knowyn.
- a1525(?1472) Cov.Leet Bk.373 : Both by yeving of tokenys, lyuerees, signes, makyng of Reteigndres and oþer-wyse, we haue vnderstand the cours & order of our lawes hath be letted.
- a1525(?1472) Cov.Leet Bk.374 : Noo Reteindres, lyuerees, signes ne tokenys of clothing, nor othir wyse be taken, had, nor vsed by thinhabitauntes of our Citie of Couentre contrarie to our lawes & statutes.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.49.13 : What maner shul wee make large zorobabel? forwhi & he as a tokne in þe riȝthond of irael.
d
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)136/13 : Wommen þat ben vnmaryed þei han tokenes on hire hedes lych coronales to ben knowen for vnmaryed.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)163/10 : Þo wommen þat ben maryed..beren the tokne vpon hire hedes of a mannes foot, in signe þat þei ben vnder mannes fote.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)290 : Syngne of religion haue þai non, Ne takyn, bot tonsure allon.
e
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)495 : Tokne, or sygne of ane in, idem quod seny, supra.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)360 : A fayre garlond of yve grene Whyche hangeth at a taverne dore, Hyt ys a false token as I wene, But yf there be wyne gode and sewer.
8.
A model, an example; an illustration; also, a semblance [quot. a1393].
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 11.30 : As Joonas was a tokene to men of Nynyue, so mannis sone schal be to this generacioun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.873 : The false Prestes..thei receiven hire there With such a tokne of holinesse, As thogh thei syhen a godesse.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1486 : Þou hatz for-ȝeten ȝederly þat ȝisterday I taȝtte Bi alder-truest token of talk þat I cowþe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1527 : Ȝe, þat ar so cortays & coynt of your hetes, Oghe to a ȝonke þynk ȝern to schewe & teche sum tokenez of trweluf craftes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)85/33 : Ihesu was sent from god all myghty for to ben myrour & ensample & tokne to alle men.
- a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)51/1 : His temptyng may bere the noon harme, but if þou aunsuer him by assentyng, And in token therof it is writen in þe story, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5202-4 : The whiche book was of paramur, al forto teche men for to wow..for kokewald wer mo thenne i-nowe, And mony ladyes of that cite defoulet thurght hys token tho, the emperesse als defoulet he, and thurgh his token mony mo.
9.
A guarantee, an earnest; also, a pledge.
Associated quotations
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.132 : Mede..wilnede to be wedded with-oute ys leue, Tyl treuth hadde tolde hure a tokne from hymselue.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.248 : He by-hihte ous issue and heir in oure olde age, Ful trewe tokne by-twyne ous is wat tyme þat ich mete hym.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)419 : Lo, lat my lord the Fourneval..From thyn Hynesse haue a tokne or tweye To paie me þt due is for this yeer Of my yeerly x li.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)108/3 : Þei taasten þe liif þat schal laste, takynge in þis liif a tokene, or an eernes, or a sikirnesse of þe euerlastinge liif.
- (1468) Stonor1.98 : Y sende you halfe a ryall to token that at the next tyme that ye and y mete y shall make an ende for my servaunt Hewgh Helyer.
- (1475) Stonor1.158 : My brother Edmonde tolde me þat my suster..sende a man to Cales, and þat at your command shulde have speken with me, and a delyvered me a token: certenly ther cam non suche to me.
10.
Astron. & astrol. (a) A celestial beacon; a heavenly body; (b) a sign of the zodiac.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)138 : Ðe seuene he bad on fligte faren And toknes ben and times garen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)140 : Sunne and mone ðe moste ben Of alle ðe toknes ðat men her sen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)153 : Euere schinen ðo toknes brigt, And often giuen is on erðe ligt.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)105/9 : Wyð fylleseocnysse ȝenim þisse wyrte..syle etan on waniȝendum monan, & þæt si þanne sunne ryne beo on þan tacne þe man Virgo nemneþ.
11.
In misc. senses: (a) an asterisk to indicate a part of a text that is missing; also, a marker, pointer; (b) a name, title, designation; to ~, by name; (c) a distinctive characteristic, usu. a word or words, indicating a grammatical case; (d) a statue, an idol; also, some artifact of gold; (e) a prize, trophy; (f) ?the heaped-up middle section of a road; ?a pile of stones used as a landmark; (g) ~ of heven, a medicinal herb [cp. signe n. 11.(b)].
Associated quotations
a
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)22/27 : Tho toke he þe book on-to his felaw Alipius, and with his fynger or sum othir tokne schewid him þe clause be-for red.
- a1500 PParv.(KC 8)495 : Tokyn, or syne where a boke faylyt: Asteriscus.
b
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1515 : To telle of þis teuelyng of þis trwe knyȝtez, Hit is þe tytelet token & tyxt of her werkkez.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2109 : Þan vp he clame to a cliffe þat to þe cloudis semed, Þe Tor of Tare to taken þe trelis it callis.
c
- c1400 Dur-C.Treat.Syntax (Dur-C B.4.19)191/3 : How many case has yow? Sex..Whareby knawis þow þi case? By þaire takyns. Whylk er þay? Þe nominatif 'þe mayster', genitif 'of þe mayster'..'off' aftire a comparatif gre sal be ablatif case, [etc.].
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.33.7 : Grauyn also & ȝoten toocne he putte in þe hous of þe lord.
- (1454-5) Doc.in HMC Rep.11 App.7175 : Ricardo Payne, goldsmyth, pro factura de le tokenes, iiij d.
- (1459-60) Doc.in HMC Rep.11 App.7175 : Ricardo Tawke, aurifabro, pro le tokenes, iiij d.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)881 : The tokyn hym taght was of a tru maiden He forȝet not, but ȝepely ȝarkit hym þerfore, And anoyntide hym anon with his noble boyste, Bothe the face and þe fete, & all þe fore perte.
e
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)108/23 : Nexte vnto the char went the men that had born them beste and moste worthely in the batayle and had moste tokyns of victorie. The tokyns of victorie wer propre iuelles of dyuerse gyses.
- c1480 *Medulla (Pep 2002)148b : Nicetrum: tokyne off ouer conynge.
f
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1382/5 : Agger is an huple of stones or a tokene in þe hihe way, And histories clepiþ such a wey knyȝtene wey.
g
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)369/26 : A signe, i. a tokene, of heuen fleyeþ away þe sele of þe akþe of feet.
12.
(a) ?A false appearance (cp. sense 8.); ?errors through misunderstanding of OF singe as signe and dessoines as d'enseignes; (b) error, perh. through misunderstanding of L cataracta as ML caragma.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)68/8 : An haste he grocheþ aye god and zyngþ þet pater noster to tokne [F singe].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)69/9 : Zuo moche ham zet beuore þe dyeuel of toknen [F dessoines; vr. denssongnes] oþer of fyeblesse oþer of elde oþer of yeȝeþe oþer of oþre kueade sceles þet alast: hi ne doþ naȝt.
b
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)41.9 : Depnes depnes inkalles hegh, In steuen of þi takenes slegh [L cataractarum].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. token.