Middle English Dictionary Entry
thristen v.
Entry Info
Forms | thristen v. Also thrist(e, thruste, thirste, thurst(e & (error) thyest; p. thristed(e, etc. & thrist(e, thrust(e, thirste, thurste & driste; ppl. thristed(e, etc. & ithirstede & thrist(en, i)thriste, i)thrust(e, þhrusten, thirste(n, i)thurst. |
Etymology | ON: cp. OI þrȳsta; the falling together of the meanings of thrē̆sten v. and thristen v. makes impossible any separation except on arbitrary orthographic grounds. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To push, jostle; ~ in, thrust inside; (b) to push (sb. or sth.), shove; push (sth.) forcefully (into sth., above sth., etc.), drive, force; also fig.; ~ abak (adoun, awei, doun, in, oute, to); ~ abrode, push (a vein) out, distend; ~ over, knock (sb.) over; (c) to push back against control or restraint;—used fig.; (d) ppl. thristed, ?afflicted with a hernia; also, swollen, distended.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)22683 : Al þe stanis þat er mad..Wit þrawing sal tai samin þrist, Þat al to pecis sal tai brist.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.277 : Fleand fast þei þrist & fled, boþe rif & raf.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8886,8889 : Þey schouued, þey þriste, þey stode o strot..Al for nought..When þey ofte hadde put & þryst..stirede þey nought þe leste ston.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)173/2939 : He clyght vp a cupe & cromys in hys bosom..And ȝitt he threwe to þe thryde & thristyn [read: thrist yn] þar-after.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)521/192 : Wroþ was seint Clement wiþ þis wyf..He pulte hire wiþ grete wreþþe & to grounde vpriȝt þruste.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2019 : He wolden him bynde, And trusse al þat he mithen fynde Of hise, in arke or in kiste, Þat he mouthe in seckes þriste.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)591/31 : Ferst hi strupte is cloþes of & at a childes fet þruste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)283a/b : Þese hors beþ acounted best in werre..þat þrusteþ [L infigunt] þe heed deppest in to þe water whan he drynkeþ.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)718 : Ac Alisaundre, er he it wist, Jn a pytt doune hym þrist.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)147/20 : Þei þursten on his hed a kene coroune of þornes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 8.45 : The puple thristen and disesen thee, and thou seist, 'Who touchide me?'
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.200 : Thow thiself hast thrist [L trusisti] thiself into wikke thinges.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)77/16 : If hote rewme come doun into a brawne..veynes ben filled and þirste abrode [L extenduntur].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)525/30 : The wombe iþirstede [L imprimito ventre] aboue þe bledder with þi fiste and þe fyngres..be þe stone ledde..to þe nekke of þe bledder.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3755 : They..thristis to þe erthe..thre hundrethe at ones.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)98 : Yf this greuaunce come..of corupt humours that ben in þe moder that thirsteth her oute of hyre place [DW(3): þrusten doune hire and oute of hire place]..þou myht knowe hit, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1407 : Þai..Thristis ouir thikefald many threuyn berne.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)43/10 : The garlonde of thornys was thyrstede on his blessede heede.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)297/10 : He thrustid hym be þe arm, & þat sare.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)32/958 : Distres and daunger..Abak they thristen my poore plesere.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)211/14 : Whan it comeþ of salt fleume, þat þristiþ and perssiþ þe gut adoun, and þei felen cold withinforþe.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)213/11 : Falling oute of a man-is ers..comeþ of an hote heui humour þat puttiþ and þristiþ oute þe gut at þe ers.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)84b/b : Take a kok or an henne, & pulle awey alle þe feþeren aboute þe ars, and siþen putte his ars to þe wounde, and þriste it riȝt faste þerto.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)29/773* : Þar liggez lymmes of laddes, leggez & harmes, Tharmes thrist owt of thees, banes & shuldres.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)93/5 : In these foure tymes beþ worschipid foure tymes for to þriste a-way foure humours which hath dominacion in mannes body.
- a1500 GLitany (Dc 42)130 : By thy purpulle vestment and the croune of thorne thirsted to thi blyssed hed with vyalens, haue mercy on vs.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)165 : Þere were þei in prisoun þurst.
- (?a1500) I haue a thing (Cmb Dd.5.76)4 : Ther cam a ȝong man with his gin, & thrust yt even a handfull in.
c
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)104/19 : And þat we þruste not wiþ unpacience, puttinge oureself or oure neiȝbore out of þe riȝt wei of erynge, as untame oxen.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)107/10 : Be wel war þat þou þruste not in þi soule wiþ unpacience, lettinge fro goode tilþe þeself ne hem þat ben wiþ þe.
d
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)300/983 : Water of violet is good to hele a man that is thrustyd and for the lyuer.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)104a/b : The signys of þis maner of wounde ben þese: þat þe quytture boilliþ vp alwey fro þe depnesse of þe wounde by greet quantite if þat þe parties abouten þe wounde be sutillich þrustid and vndelid wiþoutforþ.
2.
(a) To exert pressure with (a finger, an arm); apply pressure to (a bandage, the edge of a wound); also, press down on (someone's shoulders); ~ doun (in); (b) to stamp (an image of sth.), impress; cause a lingering mark of (an affliction in a part of the body); (c) to make (sth.) dense, contract, compress; also fig. of a person; also, constrict (a bodily channel); ~ togeder (togederes); ben thristed, be packed or crowded; be compact; ppl. thristed as adj.: flattened; (d) to squeeze out (a liquid); ~ oute, wring or squeeze out (liquid); also fig.; also, squeeze out (an eye); ppl. thristinge, squeezing, expulsive; (e) to embrace (sb. or sth.); ~ togeder (togederes), clench (a hand); grasp (sth.) tightly; also, clasp (one's hands); (f) to crush (sb., ribs); ~ in sonder.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)95a/a : Þe uttir partye [of dropsy] is white and neissche, as fingre I-þurst in to [L impressus] þe fleische makeþ as it were an hole or a pitte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)97b/b : If þou þurstist þy fyngre þer vppon, hit dyueþ inne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)200/10 : If þou þriste yn þi fyngir, þer wol leue a pitt þerafter.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1574 : With that his arm al sodeynly he thriste Under hire nekke and at the laste hire kyste.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.58 : The bristilede boor markide with scomes the scholdres of Hercules, the whiche scholdres the heye cercle of hevene sholde thriste.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)149a/b : Þe plumaciolis schulen be..wett aȝen and expressid & þristid doun.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)155a/a : Reise vp þat partie þat is dispressid, or ellis þat þat is reisid, þriste it doun aȝen softly..vn to þe tyme þat þei be alle euene.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)557 : God has mad [man's soul] til his liknes, Als prient of seel in wax es thrist.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)367/1 : After þat þey [aches] be inpressede, i. þristede, in þe membre..the disposicioun bileueþ alwaye.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.31.17 : Ne be þou þrist togidere in þe feste with wyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29b/b : Colde bringe kindeliche þe parties toward þe myddel..as it is I-sene in brayne þat is þrust wiþ coolde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30a/a : Whanne coolde constreyneþ & þurstiþ þe parties togidres, meche moisture is..I-wronge out.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)56a/b : He [stomach] schulde not presse & þurste þe spiritual membres by to greet roundnes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)169b/a : In valeies þe parties of þe grounde ben y-sette and y-þruste and cleuen strongliche togedir.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)139/8 : He..þat haþ litel trust to God..is þrust togedere wiþ cold for his loue is so þinne.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)198/1796-7 : Superfluyteis..desendys..constreynyng & pressynge & thrystynge þe weyes of þe uryn, & when þai are sa thrysted & pressyd, þe uryn is suptyld & thynned.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)64/22 : Þe reynes..beeþ..in schappe rounde as þirsten egge.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)110/37 : Þai ben..of a fleumatik humour, and for þat þei falle in riȝt depe when þat we þirste ham wiþ oure fyngres.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)216/7 : It byhoueþ to melte þe flesches þat ben þristen togedre.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)366/20 : Sekenesses of ioyntes..ben sometyme movede in wynter for the colde þat þirsteth ham.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)72/35 : For þere nys no þing more profitable in werre þan..þat þe scheltrun be noȝt to nyȝ yþrust togidre, ne to þenne departed or twynned.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)76b/a : If þei ben wel & stidefastly þristid togidere, þei schulen stoppe þe flux of blood.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.6.38 : 'Ȝif dew in þe fluys allone were..as þou hast spoke, þou shalt delyuere Irael'..& fro nyȝt rysynge, þruste out of [L expresso] þe fluys, he folfullede an holwe vessel wiþ dew.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/a : Liquour..is y-wronge and y-þrust oute of medlede bodies by violence or by strengþe.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)65/5 : Tak puluis sine pari, and medle it with a litel tapsimel..þat it may most competently be þristed out and ȝetted into þe lure.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)91/5 : A spounge dipped in soure wyne and þriste out and layde too.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)211/16 : We may make..a gode flowynge oute or clensynge..with good byndynge expressyf, i. þirstynge.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)557/23 : Anoþer manere haþ a þirstynge proprete, as myrabolani.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)74 : Thrist oute þe iuus of rue and hilde it in-to noseþrill þat blediþ.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)94 : Þere is noþing betere for to drey vp woundes þan is þe iuus þurst oute of þe lelie leuys.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)123 : Þey grynden hem and þursten [vr. þristyn] þe liquour and drien hit at þe sunne.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)59/12 : Þe swete butter of his passiun..was þristed oute vpon þe cherne of þe crosse.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)229/6 : Ouer-oppyn eyen, lyke as they were y-thryste owte, comynly tokenyth a foole.
- a1500 Cmb.Diseases Hawk (Cmb Ll.1.18)43 : For the cancre..þu shall fynde hit in her mouthe in the syde off the cheke swart rede, as yt were a sacche; take yt and kutte away and aftyr thyrst [Braekman: thyest] out the blode wt ye fynger.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.45.14 : Telliþ to my fader all my glory..hye ȝe & brynge ȝe hym to me & whenn clyppid hadde, þrist to hym þe nekke of Beniamyn his broþer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)194b/b : Grauel hatte arena and haþ þat name of druynes, for ȝif it were y-þruste and y-brused togeders in a mannes honde, it shulde rustly and make noyse.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)352 : Many siþe he hire kyste And fast in his armes þriste.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)89/20 : How longe slepest þou, þou slowe man? Þou schalt but awhile þriste, þyne hondes to-gidres forto reste lest þi nede come to þee as a storme of whirlewynde & beggery as a man of armes.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in Centaurus 12 (Lnsd 793)219/5365 : Let a man his hondful holde Of whete..Þe more he þe hande to-gidre þriste, The more þe whete wole out briste.
f
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mark 3.9 : Jhesus seide..that the boot schulde serue hym, for the puple, lest thei thristen [L comprimerent] hym.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1151 : Þe theeffe..so throly hym thryngez Þat three rybbys..he thrystez in sundere.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)1389,1391 : Lucyfere..þrystede hem [souls] in sonder as men doose..Whenne he hadde þryste [vr. grond] hem in sonþer all, Into þe fyre he lette hem fall.
- ?a1500 Knight & W.(Ashm 61)383 : Euery angell a deuyll hente And thyrst þem, þat there rybbys bente.
3.
(a) In phrases: ~ adoun (doun), to trample (sb. or sth.); also fig.; (b) to oppress (sb.), make miserable; force (sb. into thralldom, manual labor, etc.); also fig.; suppress (activity) [quot. ?c1425]; ~ adoun (doun).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) Prols.Rom.(NYPubLib 67)4.298 : Thei profetes also ceseden not with ther prechinge to thristen doun the synnes of the puple.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3406 : Wengeance, in þis good lord, hadde no stide..[he] thriste vndir foote cruelte adoun.
- c1450 Bk.GGrace (Eg 2006)545/3 : He withstandys ande thrystes downe alle aduersyteez þat commes to a feythfulle & a trewe sawlle.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)347/25-6 : Yisterday he thristid down þe erth, and þis day þe erth þrustis hym down.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)128a : To Thryste down: Conculcare, Subpeditare.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)210/30 : God inmortale..may represse and thurst downe the pryde of þeir ferce powere.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.1.14 : To bytternes þey brouȝten here lyf: with hard werkis of cley & of tijl & with all seruage þurȝ þe which þey wern þrist down [L premebantur] in warkis of erþ.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)139/15 : And ȝif he ony tyme strengþeþ him to arise, anon he is clepud aȝeyn to himself wiþ bisinesse þat him nediþ to his houshold, and so he is compellid wiþ his owne nede to be þrust doun aȝein into himself.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)140/24 : Þe þridde oynement..is mad of nedis of pore men, of þe greues of hem þat ben oppressid and þrust adoun.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)27/21 : How scholde pouerte þriste þe doun sythen euere þe porere þou art þe lesse art þou charched.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)1443 : In thraldame thrist hym þou has.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)368/25 : As a nygard wombe þirsteþ downe alle dedes, euery dayes largenesse norissheþ ham.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)11/7 : To god þai ȝelde no deuocion, for þe byrdyn of riches with þe whilk þai ar þirstyn [L deprimuntur] to þe erth.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.540 : Þat thef thankles thyrsted þe þane & bad throw þe in a trowe thyk fro þe sonne.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)98 : Semeth hit good, lorde, vnto the To thryste me doune and me accuse?
4.
(a) To thrust with a weapon, stab; ~ mid word, fig. threaten or insult somebody; ~ oute, thrust outwards; (b) to drive (sth. pointed into or through sth.), ram; ~ in, drive (a sword) in; (c) to stab (sb.), pierce; also fig.; ~ doun, ?cut (sb.) down; ~ oute, put out (an eye); ~ thurgh, run (sb.) through; (d) to strike (a blow).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15143 : Æiðer þratte oðer swiðe and þruste mid worde.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7749 : Wiþ scharpe spere ich oþer gret; Our Cristen þurthout hem þrust.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11871 : Þei wold not sese bot thryst and thrang tyll þei ware dongyn to ded be dene.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)838 : They preissid, and throng, And thrusten out, that many A grymly died on the playn.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)4205 : Faste bye Here mastere they haue..Redy to þruste þorowte þe prese.
b
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)112a/a : Þou schalt putte þin hoot instrument in to þe same boon so corrupt, þristynge it þoruȝ out al þilke corrupcioun.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)131/18 : This noble prynce..toke him that stoode nexte him and thirste the rodde in his yie and smote it out.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)1509 : That good swerde in he thurste.
c
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1152 : I shal hangen þe ful heye Or y shal þristen vth þin heie.
- c1390 Marie Mayden (Vrn)43 : Þat Blisful Barn..was..þhrusten & throng wiþ þorn.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)271/3477 : Þe pacient thynkys as an thrystyd hym with a wymbyll or with a persour.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)554 : Þe liȝt lemand late; laschis fra þe heuyn, Thonere-thrastis ware thra, thristid þe welkyn.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)390/9 : He gate hir in his armys and pulde the swerde frome her, and ellys she had thirste hym thorowe.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1326 : He lashes owt a lang swerde..Thristez downe [Ashm: Threschis doun].. mony thryme dokes.
d
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1033 : So darfely bothe þaire dynttis þay driste.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)15/a : Coercio: to gedre triste [StJ-Cam: to thrystyn; Cnt: to thrust to gyder].
Note: New spellings
Note: Emend existing form thruste to thrust(e and add triste.
Note: Like togeder adv. sense 9.(b)--per MJW
Note: Other vrr: [Pepys: to cast togedyr; Hrl. 1738: to constreynyn; Hrl. 2271: to þrast to gedre; Add 37534: simul stringere; Hrl.2257: constringere et componitur de con et arceo]
Note: Note: variant þrast under thresten v.