Middle English Dictionary Entry
thik(ke adj.
Entry Info
Forms | thik(ke adj. Also thike, thick(e, ðhikke, thiche, thig, thek(ke, theck, yik & (early) þicce, (dat.) þiccan & (in names) theke-, thec-, tik(e)-, ticce-, titch- & (errors) dykke, þilke, wicke, wikke; comp. thikker(e, etc. & (early SWM) þiccure, þiccre; sup. thikkest(e, etc. & (early SWM) þihkest; pl. (early dat.) þiccen. |
Etymology | OE þicce, þicge, ðicke adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Having relatively great extent from one side or surface to its opposite; also, having a comparatively great diameter; of a structure: having thick walls; of the lips: fleshy; ~ rop; ~ wollen weveres; (b) in phrases with measurements: fifti cubites (twenti fot, etc.) ~, fifty cubits (twenty feet, etc.) thick; also fig.; (c) deep [1st and last quots. could also be construed as (a)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)51/547 : Eleusius..lette..ant þurh spitien hit al wið spaken & felien þicke & þreofalt wið irnene gadien kene to keoruen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)30/11 : Þe blake clað alswa..is þiccre [Nero: þiccure] aȝein þe wind & wurse to seon þurh.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)195/10 : Swuch..bereð ba togederes heui brunie & here ibunden hearde wið irn..& earmes mid brade þicke bondes swa þet tet swat þrof is passiun to þolien.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)564 : Ðat arche was..Naild and sperd, ðig and strong.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1474 : Þai maden to þicke walles.
- (1380) Will York in Sur.Soc.4110 : Lego..unum coverlit thekerr, unum blanket, unum canevace.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1056 : The grete tour that was so thikke and strong..of the castel was the chief dongeoun.
- (1391) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.170 : [A cloth of] canewas [worth 6 d. and a] thicherope [worth 12 d.].
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)24/25 : Tak thanne a rewle of latoun that ne be nat ful thykke & lat it be the brede of an enche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)255a/a : Some grapes ben alle blake and wiþ þikke skynnes and piþþe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.210 : Son he wan Berwik, a castelle he þouht to reise; He cast þe groundwalle þik.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)146 : Ther was sweet wyn ynow thurgh out the hous And wafres thikke.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3323 : Þat was a beste..enarmed in skalis large and þikke.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)44a/a : Þe skinne off þe heued is lacertous, & porus, and þick.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)273 : The remenaunt was wel kevered..with a subtyl coverchef of Valence; Ther was no thikkere cloth of no defense.
- (c1449) Rec.Norwich 2230 : Fullers, Thikwollenweuers.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4576 : He..dide hym make a merueyllous tour..Brod & þykke þe gynnynge was & euere hit nareweþ rysande on heyght.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.3.2 : The moder of thin Astrelabye is thikkest plate.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)147/28 : Cimbaria..haȝt lewys lyk a peny, and þe lewys are thykke as it were lewys of orpyn.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30233 : Lego..unam parvam zonam deauratam le corse de theker russet.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)85 : A perchement skynne that is fatt is not beste for this ocupacion; but yf he be thyke, he is the better.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)106/7 : Whan the mouth shewith moch and is rounde, with thikke lippes and broken, that shewith envious.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)105/348a : Densum facere: to make yik.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)176a/b : Þe walles were fyfty cubites þicke and foure tymes so hiȝe.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.341 : Six finger thicke a floor therof thow paue With lyme & askys mixt with cole & sonde.
- (1448-9) Indent.Cmb.in PCmb.AS 940 : Every sparre shalbe in the fote viij inch of brede and vij inch thik and in the topp vij inch of brede and v inch thik.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1335 : Men myghte make of hem a bible Twenty foot thykke, as y trowe.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)273/32 : Þis equyte in resoun and in wyll, in eyther panell, is vij fote thicke.
- a1600(1408-17) Rec.St.Mary at Hillp.xcvi : An Andrewes crosse of small sonde of a foote Brede and an yarde thyck atte leest.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.186 : Mathematique..Hath yit the thridde intelligence..clepid is Geometrie, Thurgh which a man hath thilke sleyhte Of lengthe, of brede, of depthe, of heyhte To knowe the proporcion..in this wise..These olde Philosophres..Of al this worldes erthe..Hou large, hou thikke was the ground, Controeveden thexperience.
- a1450 Spaldyng Katereyn þe curteys (BodR 22)p.540 : Þat thef..bad throw þe in a trowe thyk fro þe sonne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1238 : Hou longe may þe world be, And brode and þicke, telle þou me.
2.
(a) Dense, crowded; of a forest, hill, etc.: dense with growth; of a plant, hedge, etc.: bushy; of a tree, tree limb: laden with branches or fruit; of a beard, mane, hair, etc.: full; (b) of air, a cloud, rainstorm, etc.: filled with small particles, heavy; also fig.; also, of smoke, darkness: impenetrable, opaque; also, ?palpable [quot. a1425]; (c) with prep. phrases: ~ of (with), crowded with (sth.), laden with, full of; also, of night: ~ of air, muggy.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)233/7 : Bi þisse wyrt is sæd þæt heo of dracan blode acenned beon sceolde on uwearden mute on þiccen bærwum.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)847 : Heo wolden Corineum..senden..in-to ane þicke wode þa þer on uest wes.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)17 : Þar were abute blosme inoȝe In ore waste þicke hegge.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)694 : Treon..weren fulle of fruyt, wel þicke euer-ech bouȝ.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2442 : In a þicke place of þat pris wode, wel out from alle weyes, forwery þei hem rested.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 23.14 : Dauyd forsoþe dwellide in desert in moost defensable placis & boid in þe hil of wildernesse of ȝiph in þe thicke hil.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)164a/b : Also in hillis ben hiȝer trees and þikker busches þan in valeyes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)169a/b : Elph is a þicke mount with moche shadowe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)280b/a : Þe hert..fleeþ þe light of þe sonne..and secheþ þikke places & derke as dennes and Caues of stones.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.228 : Kynde..is þe pyes patroun and putteth it in hire ere, Þat þere þe þorne is thikkest to buylden and brede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.948 : Next the foule netle, rough and thikke, The rose waxeth swoote and smothe and softe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1841 : The hegge aboute so thikke was, That closide the Roses in compas.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)83/19 : He huntid al aloone in a thik forest where-in his men had loste him.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)87/28 : A þicke mane, þe tayle meneliche long..bi-comeþ an hors wel.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)59/1 : He made brynge forþe an hors which had a longe þikke taile.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2440 : This cripill was an hundrit ȝere ful of age, With a longe thik berd.
- c1475 Bk.Physiog.(Cmb Ll.4.14)224 : Heere þat is ruffe, þicke, & riȝth betokeneth a man gretteliche acursid, prout, lyght of wyll, [etc.].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)126b : Thike..densus, Nota quod Rarus et densus ponuntur in partibus contiguis, vt in..silua..Est lucus densus.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)116/33 : Seo wæs to þan swyðe mid þiccan þeostren oferðeht, þæt ic nan þing geseon ne mihte.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)10/94 : Helle is wiðute met..Se þicke is þrinne þe þosternesse..for þet fur ne ȝeueð na liht.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)56/20 : Ha schulen habben heouenliche smealles þe habbeð her of..swati hettren oðer of þicke [Tit: wikke; Nero: wicke] eir in hire hus.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)621 : Þanne freost þe þicke Myst..on þe treo, And þarof comez þe Rym-forst.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)410 : Þe smoke was so þicke al-a-boute þat onneþe he miȝte i-seo.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3102 : Ðhikke ðherknesse cam on ðat lond, Ðat migte non egipcien Abuten him for mirknesse sen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.185 : Philosofres mowe not dwelle þere..wiþ oute sponges..i-holde at hir nostrilles to make þikker [L crassiorem] þe ayer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)163a/b : Þe eyre is more þikke [L grossior] in valeyes þan in mountayns.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6053 : Þan did drightin wit-drau his light And mirkenes made wil mare þan night, Sua thik þat nan moght oþer see.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6566 : Þe sext [pain of hell] es swa mykel myrknes Þat it may be graped, swa thik it es.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)532 : Doust drof vpon lofte, dymedyn alle aboute, As þonder & þicke rayn þrowolande in skyes.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)908 : He Was flowen..so hye That al the world..No more semed than a prikke; Or elles was the air so thikke That y ne myghte not discerne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4176 : Þan fell þar fra þe firmament as it ware fell sparkis, Ropand doun o rede fire þan any rayn thikire.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)247/26 : Grace of þe Holygoost..comforteþ þe soule but he be let by þe thike cloudes of synneful lyvynge.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.78.54a : Þer is a gret cahos, þat is to seien, a þikke mirknesse a twix vs an þe, þat we moun nouȝt comen to þe, ne þou to vs.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)848 : Ther fell in Fraunce A straung wedur: A gret derk myst in the myd-day-tym, thik, and clowdy, and euyll wedur thene.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.142 : Þe heyir is..thykke and heuy of mousture.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1989 : There is requyride a clene thyne ayre, For thikke ayre wil not bere it ferre.
- a1500 Listenythe nowe & (Dgb 88)88 : A wonder wynter ye shull see, Of weyndes & of weddres wyke, & harde tempeste stronge & thyke.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1722 : Whi mowen not men clowdis see In somer as þikke as þei in wynter be?
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10069 : Þat derkenesse is palpable þicke And to þe soules endeles wicke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12496 : A thoner and a thicke rayne þrublet in the skewes.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.398 : Sir Gij..biheld þat firmament Þat thicke wiþ steres stode.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1795 : Fer it was fro weiȝes and of wode so þikke, þat no wiȝt of þe world wold hem þere seche.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1075 : Thurgh a wyndow thikke of many a barre Of iren..He caste his eye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)168b/a : Þis mount is þikke of treen and haþ many shadowes.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)63/13 : Alle þo..ben..so þicke of whelkes and bladdres in here soules and so tender þat þei mow not suffre þe leste þing of þe world þat mislikeþ hem.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3283 : Þe same nexte nyȝt..was..So cloudy blak and so þikke of eyr..it sempte in þe hiȝe hevene Þe cataractis hadde bene vn-do.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)158 : I fand a strete Ful thik and hard..With thornes, breres, and moni a quyn.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)8778 : Ther nis no tre so thikke of chiries As Gregeis ligge aboute him couched.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)399 : I..Doun by a floury grene wente Ful thikke of gras, ful softe and swete.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1350 : They were set as thik of nouchis, Ful of the fynest stones faire.
3.
(a) Spaced closely together, close-set; (b) composed of closely spaced individuals or items; of mail, lace, etc.: formed of tightly interlaced sections; of the suturing of wounds: having close-set stitches; of falling snow: thick; alder-thikkest, of a crowd: densest, very thick; (c) numerous, copious; abundant;— freq. in conventional comparisons.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13738 : Þer iwurðen to-bursten eorles swiðe balden mid ten þusend cnihten, hælden to þan uihten amidden þan þrunge þer heo þihkest [Otho: þeckest] weoren.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.5 : Folc thicke ynouȝ To biholde such a mopisch best aboute hire ther drouȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)242,244 : He saiȝ þare wrechche gostes..Þat weren..i-smiten þoruȝ-out ech-one with nailes þicke al abrod.. Þat man ne miȝte finde ane amtie place on al heore bodie so luyte Þat man miȝte for þe þicke nailles a fingres ende to heom puyte.
- a1325 SLeg.Brendan (Corp-C 145)693 : Þe treon þicke were.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.10.34 : Þe thicke thingis [L condensa] of þe wilde wode shul ben turned vp so doun with iren.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)220 : Þikke þowsandez þro þrwen þeroute.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)115/7 : Adai þei [owls] hiden hem in þe schadewe among þicke leuys.
- ?c1400 Sloane SSecr.(Sln 213)13/37 : Þat men es best of mynde..who has..medioker blak heares, þat es to say noght to thik ne to thynne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4038 : In þe bruschail and þe þikke vynes We schal vs hyde.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)152/13 : Citeez and..tounes er þare so thikk þat when a man gase oute of a citee, he seez alssone anoþer citee..before him.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5382 : He sclow an hundred..Ther lay aboute him hondes & knokeles As thikke as any honysocles That In somer stondes In grene medes.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)410/763 : Thei..Made him with arwis of ther malis most wikke Rassemble an yrchoun fulfillid with spynys thikke.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)191 : His enemyes were so thycke aboute Sche myȝt nouȝt ones comen Hym to.
- a1450 SLeg.MPChr.(StJ-C B.6)345 : Oure lord wolde into þe toun gon, but for pres he ne myȝt; Vpon an hil he wente anon & prechid..Qwan he say þo folk so þikke, wel he gan hem wysse.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1498 : Mesure a grounde as wil thin ooste suffice; To wide it is, thin ooste therin is rare; To streyt, thei be to thicke.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4337 : Treis and busshes full thikke yer shall yow se.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)118 : It ys to undyrstond that..the lyppys of the wound be sewd to gedyr with sotyll nedyll and thryd & thyke stychys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12471 : The wynde of the west wackenet aboue..The clere aire ouercast with cloudys full thicke.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6277 : Arwen fluȝen ouer wal, al abuten ouer-al; swa þicke wes heore uæræ swulc hit haȝel wæren.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1232 : Leþerly as a lyoun he lepes into þe prese, prestly þer as þe pres of peple was þikkest.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)222 : Þowsandez..Fellen fro þe fyrmament, fendez ful blake, [S]weved at þe fyrst swap as þe snaw þikke.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1365 : The[y] saugh two straunge knyghtes fight In platys bright and in thik male.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.193 : For nevere yet so thikke a swarm of been Ne fleigh, as Grekes for hym gonne fleen.
- a1425 Direct.Laces in Studies Robbins (Hrl 2320)p.97 : For to make a þykke lace bordred: Take x bowys departed..And þenne wyrke onys wyth ȝowre next hond and aftur wyth ȝowre ferþer hond.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13925 : Mikel was þe pres; ful þykke þe þro.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1323 : Quare althire-thickest was þe thrange, þurȝe þaim he rynnes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)465/12 : He gryped his swerde..and thorow the thyckyst pres he thryled thorow.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)150b/a : Þe sewynge schal be wiþ a greet nedele & a greet þreed & þickere & deppere in þe woundes þe whiche þe lippis ben moost fer atwixe.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)927 : Many a bow that wold not brek was shot that day..till the thikkest thronge thyn wexen.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)117 : Yf awounde be made in the face..do the sewynge ther of be made mor thykar & mor smaler nedyle and thred.
c
- c1390 Mirror St.Edm.(1) (Vrn)1107 : Summe ben þat han riches þikke And hem louen wiþ al heor witte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.868 : Lymytours and othere holy freres..serchen euery lond and euery streem As thikke as motes in the sonne beem.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.209 : Anticrist..haþ..so..derkid þe lawe of Crist þat hise servantis ben þikke, and fewe ben on Cristis side.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)111a/b : Þer is gret inflacioun & multitude of teres, þe whiche ben þicke, & litil redenesse oþer none.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)11/9 : Þou wendis till helle..thare sall þou wepe in a thykkere & more glowande teres thene motes ere in the sonne.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2182 : Envye, wyth þi slaundrys þycke, I am putte at my Lordys prycke.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)320 : Þe Jewes to Ierusalem..Flowen..þer Jewes wer þykke.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)5467 : Angels were in þe lifte Þicker þen sterres in þe nyght.
- c1475 St.Patr.Purg.(2) (Brm)p.98 : Fyndys stodyne on euery syde As thyke as motys yn somer tyde.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)222/30 : There come sodeynliche ȝonge men in so grete a multitude that sterres of heuene ne sonde of the see was noȝt þicker.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8877 : Of ielousie comeþ yuel þicke.
4.
(a) Viscous; also, semi-solid; of a liquid: evaporated, reduced; of wine: undiluted; of urine: thick [quot. ?c1450 may belong to (b)]; (b) of a liquid: containing particles of solid matter; of a well, spring, etc.: turbid, roiled; muddied; (c) ~ boillinge, ?a boiling which tends to thicken a mixture; ?a rolling boil [cp. sense 7.(a)]; (d) solid.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)7/28 : Nim senepsæd and næpsæd and meng eced and cned hyt mid þam ecede, þæt hit si swa þicce swa doh.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)714 : Aftur þe twelf formeste dawes..hit bi-comez to a þicke blod..Hit þickez to Nye dawes..þanne it tornez formest to flesch.
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)66.25/4 : Nym swete mylk..Nyn eyryn..& cast þereto..& boyle yt tyl yt wexe þykke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233b/a : Þe piþ..conforteþ þe stomak..and gendreþ þikke and malencolik blood.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)318b/a (2nd occurrence) : In euerich mylke is a þynne party and watry and a þikke party..y-cleped chese, and þe more þikke mylk is, þe more chese is þerInne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)134/1 : Make a plastre of poudre of mastik & þe white of an ey, medlid togidere as þilke [read: þikke] as hony.
- a1400 Roy.8.B.4 Cook.Recipes (Roy 8.B.4)148.2/4 : Tak cwe melk and pley it til it be þekke.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)97/1004 : If frigiditas & humiditas dominantour in þe body, þe uryn is alba & grossa..whyt & thyk.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)127/175 : Tak gud hede þat blak uryn havys a thyk body, or ellys a party thyk.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)127/186 : Þe body of þe uryn is thyk or thykyssh for incensior of blude.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)128/191 : In mortificacion þe uryn is thyk becaus þat frigidite clumpyrs it & crudys it togyddyr.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)344/5132 : Vayn blode..is thyk..& þe mare it be wasshyn in water, þe thykkar & þe hardar it is.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)33/15 : The naturell bawme is full cleer..ȝif it be thikke or reed or blak, it is Sophisticate, þat is to seyne contrefeted & made lyke it for disceyt.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)106a/a : Tak calce viue & distemper it wiþ swete wyne & make it þicke as cley.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)151a/b : Encorpere hem wiþ whyte lede to þat þeie be as þicke as paste.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)490 : Thykke, as lycure: Spissus.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)95/156 : Take..half a pynte of venegre & half a pynte of þicke hony.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)236/1 : Take þen wytefluwur and a party of þe onyment þerto and boyle hem to-gedyr þat yt be as thycke as growell.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)108/26 : Take..vrine of a woman..ȝif þat watir be cleer, sche is with chylde, and ȝif it be thikke, sche is not with chylde.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)20/26 : In the fyrst howse that licour ar jne muste be..Instrumentes..to kepe in bitter and thykke liquores, as mustarde, meele, and such other.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)28 : To dight chekins In kirtyn, tak iij pond of almondes mad with good þik mylk.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)104a/b : If þe quytture be white and þicke, it signifieþ þat it persiþ not but oonly þe fleisch.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)126b : Thike..spissus..Nota quod..spissus & tenuis ponuntur in partibus continuis, vt in vino..et in similibus..spissum dic esse liquorem.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2205 : Phisicyans say the thikker vryne be, The more it signyfieth humydite.
- a1500 Discip.Cler.(Wor F.172)39 : Than the thikke oyle of the v ful tonnes so measured, and thow shalt know how moche thikke oile be in hem.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)260 : Þo yseiȝen heo twey faire wellene; þat on was suyþe cler, And sumdel wori and þicke þat oþer was.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)155a/b : Lay water is more þikke þanne ryuere watir and lesse gode to drynke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)266b/b : Þe asse..and hors..loueþ more þikke [L turbidam] water..and þe cow aȝein loueþ bettre cleere water þan þikke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.398 : I can selle Bothe dregges & draffe and drawe it at on hole, Þikke ale and þinne ale, for þat is my kynde.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)39.244 : Of hym Schal the Nynthe thanne Come that is likned to a flood..that Trowbled As A kanel schal be, and thikke atte Begynneng.
- a1450 *Mandev.Defect. (Add 37049)5b : Betwyx þe hylles of þis cuntre is a welle..sumtyme it is rede, sumtyme grene, sumtyme þykke.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)167/17 : The xij jmpedymentes Wyche cause men to take no fyche..The iiijthe yf þe watur be wery thikke, whitte, or redde as lye of any floyd falle late.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2199 : Ye must considre the puryte Of al youre liquours, and quantite, And how thikke thei be, or thynne.
c
- a1500 Jul.Cook.Recipes (Jul D.8)49.31/3 : Þikke [Add.46919: Nim poule de mars, & hew am, & do am to þilke boillyng].
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)97a/b : For in heruest & in wintir þe mater is to þicke [L conpacta] & to sad & nouȝt obedient to digestioun.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)87/15 : Blood..is gendred of þe..firste moysture þat is digeste in þe stomak and twynned fro þe þikke or vnpure mater.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)312/26 : Auycen takeþ..pomegernatz..stampe ham besily þat þe iuse may be þirste out fro ham..Þat..þat is lefte of ham, þikke [*Ch.(1): sadde; L solidum] and grete, stampe it strongely þat lychynies may be made þerof.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)563/9 : It is to be eschewed þat he slepe not þeron, but ȝif þe medecyne were in þicke substaunce.
5.
(a) Not hollow or porous, solid throughout; (b) massive; relatively large; (c) ~ of maille, reinforced or strengthened by a layer of mail.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.159 : This naked swerd..Thurgh out his armure it wole hym kerue and byte Were it as thikke as is a braunched ook.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84a/b : This webbe turneþ in to clooþ..& at þe last it turneþ in to þe kynde of a naile of þe honde, and so it is more þicke & hard.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200a/b : Iren is y-gendred of quik siluer, þikke and nouȝt clene nor ful of erþy holes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)300a/a : Erþe..is a þikke element.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4073 : He made his pepill þaim to perse to proue þam with-in, Quethire þai ware hologhe or hale, & hale he þam fyndis, Saȝe þaim thike þurȝe-out.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)175/1 : Þat rar, porous, or lyght is mor bettyr þan qwyche is thyk of substauns..þu lordschyppist vppeward and downward.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)181/19 : Þe erth is in þe myddis of alle elementis, and it is þe mor thyk substauns and sadder essencially.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1517,1519 : When colde worchith in mater thik & drye, Blak colour shal be..Such mater is compactid & more thykke.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1991 : Thikke maters obediens hath none To þe worching of hete.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1478 : Þo þai comen to þe grounde, To stones þicke þai founde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206a/a : The stoone sardonix..is wiþ þre colours..herof is fyue maner of kynde, but whiche..is most þikke, he is best.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)363 : A castel has the king made at his devys..He sette hit on a whit roche thik and hegh, With gode dykes al aboute.
- (1434) Will York in Sur.Soc.3025 : Lego..Willelmo Scott, servienti meo, j thik flote et j gravour; Roberto Heburn, servienti meo, j thyn flote and j gravour.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2709 : Inpossible it semes A heuy As to be houyn vp to þe sternes; A thing threuyn is & thike & þarnes þe wyngis.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)47 : A ferly faire toumbe..was a throghe of thykke ston thryuandly hewen.
c
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)429 : We schull hym asayle..Yer he þys forest passe, Þauȝ he be dykke [?read: ðykke] of mayle.
6.
Stout; large-framed; also, muscular; fleshy.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)580 : Þu nart fair no þu nart strong Ne þu nart þicke ne þu nart long.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)3 : In none stude bi is daie nas so gret a man; Foure-and-twenti fet he was long and þicke and brod i-nouȝ.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1648 : He was..Brod in þe sholdres, ful wel schaped, Þicke in þe brest, of bodi long.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8841,8842 : He was..Vair mon & þikke inou..Ballede he was & þikke of breste, of bodi vat al so.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3973 : This wenche thikke and wel ygrowen was.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7325 : Omang þir puple sal þou latt A stalworth man þat saul haitt, Wit hei schuldres bath thik and brade.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)175 : A grene hors gret & þikke, A stede ful stif to strayne..To þe gome he watz ful gayn.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)579 : Þenne set þay þe sabatounz vpon þe segge fotez..His thik, þrawen þyȝez with þwonges to tachched.
- ?c1400 Sloane SSecr.(Sln 213)11/20 : Þat man es euenest..whilk acordes in menete, þat es to say noþer to longe ne to schorte, noþer to thyk ne to thynne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)36b/b : Oþerwise forsoþ beþ rare or þynne bodiez & oþerwise spisse or þik bodiez to be medicyned.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1198 : Upon a thikke palfrey, paper-whit, With sadel red..Sit Dido.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)87/30,33 : A runde fot & þicke bi-comeþ an hors wel..And þicke warres bifore þe sadel bi-comeþ an hors wel.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.169 : The first is to say þis is a feire hawke..a shorte hauke thyk, and sey not þis is a grete hawke.
- c1475 Guy(4) (Cai 107/176)7762 : Hys breste was brode, his body grete: He was thykker than a nete.
- a1500 Parl.3 Ages (Add 33994)384 : Alexaunder, a thik kyng, ames to lyng.
- c1500 I haue a lady (Trin-C R.3.19)19 : She ys nat thyk; hyr stature ys but small.
7.
In misc. senses: (a) frequent, occurring in quick succession; also, rapid; of breath: ?rapid; ?labored; of the pulse: having short intervals between beats; (b) of a voice: low in pitch, deep; (c) in comb.: ~ list, of weak or poor hearing, hard of hearing; (d) penetrating, forceful; (e) of arguments: ?substantial; (f) of musical tunes, notes, etc.: ?intricate; (g) in proverb with uncertain meaning.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)27b/b (2nd occurrence) : Þere ben manye diuers maner pulsis..he is i-knowe by worchinge and restinge, & so he is departid in þicke and þinne & mene; he is þicke if he smitiþ ofte þe fingres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)28a/b : In wommen þat gooþ wiþ childe..from þe biginnynge to þe sixe moneþ þe puls is strong, þicke, and swift..also for changinge of slepinge & wakinge..ȝif a man is sodeynliche awaked of his sleep..þe puls is swift & þicke.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)952 : Clowdez clustered bytwene, kesten up torres Þat þe þik þunder-þrast þirled hem ofte.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)915 : After Jhesus deth, fellen wondres thicke, Faire, and gode, and somme wicke.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1642 : In Besynesse, man, loke þou be, Wyth worþi werkys goode and þykke.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)8319 : Þe kynges, þe bischops prayers þik Made him to take þe bischopryk.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)11/9 : Þese ben þe tokenes: a grete pouse, and a swifte, and a þick, and þe vrin is white and þinne.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)119b/b : If þe mydrif be woundid nyȝ þe smale ribbis, þanne schal his breeþ be greet & þicke wiþ greet akþe & siȝinge wiþ greet meuynge of boþe schuldris.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)96/13 : Yf..þe breth be cold and thik, of þat it is pronounced þat he hath epilency.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)333b/b : Þe voices beþ fatte and þikke whan moche spirit comeþ oute, as þe voice of a man.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)129 : Deue we ben oðer þicke liste þanne we heren..godes word, and nimeð þer to litel geme.
d
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.23 : Peple..that wenen that whan the mone is in the eclips that it be enchaunted, and therfore for to rescowe the mone thei betyn hir basyns with thikke strokes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)581/8 : Kynge Marke was passyng besy and smote thycke strokys.
e
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.134 : But for I se the now al redy to the undirstondynge, I schal schewe the more thikke and contynuel resouns.
f
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.355 : Þey makeþ wel mery armonye and melody wiþ wel þicke tunes, werbeles and nootes [L crispatis modulis et intricatis notulis].
g
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4424 : As folye among wise is wicke, So is wisdom amonge foolis þicke.
8.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem.2.204].
Associated quotations
- (1104-8) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.194 : Ticcelea.
- (1132) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Thicked.
- (1204) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Tykeheved.
- (1243) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames346 : John le Thike.
- (1269) Close R.Hen.III137 : Goscelinus Thikke.
- (1282) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Thycheheved.
- (1303) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Thechedd.
- (c1311) Rec.Norwich 1376 : Joh. de Thikkethorn.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3101 : Willelmus le Thikke.
- (1331) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.194 : Thickley.
- (1358) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Titcheved.
- (1363) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Tikhed.
- (a1400) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)264 : Thekeheued; Theckeued.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton quot. moved from sense 1.(a) to sense 2.(b) and the phrase a ~ mirkenesse and its gloss removed from sense 1.(a).--per MLL