Middle English Dictionary Entry
thīgh n.
Entry Info
Forms | thīgh n. Also thighe, thiȝ(e, thiȝh(e, thih(e, thi(e, thiegh & thẹ̄gh, thẹ̄ȝhe, thẹ̄, thei, theiȝ(e & (early) þeȝe, þech, þeh, þeo(h, þeoþ & (errors) thight, þauh, þre; pl. thighes, etc. & þhiȝes, thie, (N) thẹ̄se & (early) þeþis, þeon, (gen.) þeona & (error) þeues. |
Etymology | OE: cp. WS þēoh, ðīoh, A þēh, thēgh. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The upper leg of a human being, devil, etc. from the knee to the hip, thigh; also, the thigh of an image or idol; gret ~; ~ bon, the femur; ~ hole, bouing (folding, plicature) of the ~, the junction of the inner thigh and the abdomen; ~ joint, the juncture of the femur and the hip bone; ~ wrak, an ache in the thigh; leien honde under ~, to place (one's) hand under (someone's) thigh in swearing a solemn oath; (b) the human femur, the thigh bone; also, used more generally of any leg bone: breken ~; (c) the whole leg of a person [some quots. glossing L crus may belong to (a)]; (d) usu. pl. the loins; also fig.; also, the buttocks, rump; the genitals; ben yet in the thighes of, to be yet unbegotten by (sb.); yede oute of ~, be begotten of (someone's) loins, be the children of (someone's) getting.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)37/17 : Ȝif manna his ðeoh [L coxarum] acon, nim þisser wyrt..sile him drinca.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)57/12 : Wið þeona sore ȝenim þas ylcan wyrt.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)151/8 : Healdan at þan wynstran ðeo [L femur] neah þan ȝewealdan.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)259/5 : Wið þeoþwrace gate tord cned swiþe..& smyre mid þa þeoh; sona hi byþ hal.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4774 : Swa swiþe þatt hiss bodiȝ toc To rotenn bufenn eorþe All samenn, brest, & wambe, & þes.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8079 : All himm wærenn fet & þeos Tobollenn & toblawenn.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)536/17 : Femur, uel coxa: þih.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)195/9 : Ich wat swuch þet bereð ba togederes heui brunie & here ibunden hearde wið irn middel, þeh [Nero: þauh; Cleo: þech] & earmes mid brade þicke bondes.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1496 : Hu mai þar eni luue beo, War swuch man gropeþ hire þeo?
- a1300 Hit bilimpeð (Corp-O 59)24 : Ach bind him honden, fet & þeȝ & let him ligge stille.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)3128 : Nakid hii were and noþing ne rohte þoh hire lemman sehe al þat were bi þeȝe.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)564 : Þo bi-gonne hise þeon to schrinke and to croki swiþe faste.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1893 : Willam wendut grop a tre Mikel grettere þan his þre [read: þe].
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)61/9 : A sone he hadde in siknesse..Þat is chin and al is face lay bitwene his þie.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8633 : Þe king com in to an chirche as fers mon & wod..To þe rode he strurte [read: sturte] & bigan to frete & gnawe Þe armes vaste & þies [B: þiȝes; vr. þeies].
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)851 : Þis maiden sone þat hye awaked Feld hir legges al naked And feled also bi her þi Þat sche was yleyen bi.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.2.32 : The hed of this ymage of best gold..forsothe the wombe and thiȝes [L femora] of brasse.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.425 : A cherl helde hymself ful sligh, And bonde þat stoon to his þigh [Higd.(2): theȝhe].
- c1390 Mayden Modur (Vrn)337 : Blessed beo, ladi, þi boþe þhiȝes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)61b/a : Þe þihes bene inward and nouȝt outward.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)5426 : If I fonde euer grace in þe, Lay þi honde vndir my þe And hete me truly bi couenonde þat I not grauen be in þis londe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5303 : But Hector..ȝaf him swiche a wounde Þoruȝ-oute þeiȝe..Þat in þe feld he myȝt nat abide.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)19a/a : One partie..of þe grete fote or legge is seid coxa, i. þe þie, Þe toþer parua tibia, i. litel legge.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)69b/a : Þe gryndes ben..glandulous fleische ordeined in þe foldinge oþer þe plicature [Ch.(2): bowynge] of þe thie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)69b/b : Laste of alle brawnes, cordes, and ligamentes descenden in þe haunches and fro þe haunches þe whiche meuen & bynden þe grete thie and þe legge [L coxam et tibiam magnam] wiþ þe same haunches.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)11/19 : Þese bene emunctoriez: þe armeholes, þe þeholes, þe chawellez, etc.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.18/4 : His feit, destitute of naturall myght, hyng downe; hys leggis cleuyd to his thyis; part of his fyngerys returnyd to the hande.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)72/27 : Þe foot is hardest to vnioynte and to reduce and þe kne ioynte is lyȝteste and þe þigh ioynte [*Ch.(1): sciaticale; L sciaticalis] is mene.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)231/4 : He curede, i. helede, of the rotynge of the þighe bones [L ossis cruris].
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1100 : Schouell-fotede was þat schalke..With schankez vnschaply..Thykke theese as a thursse and thikkere in þe hanche.
- a1450 Simpson Nominale (Simpson)86/50 : Ma lene: thihole.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)73 : Hit destroyeth þat passion þat falliþ in þe whirlebon of þe þiȝhe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)8031 : Þe kynges meneȝe þis messyngers both bett and band And cutt þer cloghes vp at the the.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)121 : Loke where þe wounde is..& ȝef hit be on þe leg, bynde him aboue þe kneo a bout þe þyȝh.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)26 : The tourmentours..withe hookid ynstrumentes of yryne, fuyre hote..pynchid and twynched his theghis, his legges, his armes, his sides..and over all his body.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)46a/a : The thye is al þat part þat duriþ from þe ioynct of þe haunche vn to þe knee.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)476 : But Lybeaus hym so nyȝ Þat he brak hys þeȝ [Lamb: thiegh], And euer efte he was lame.
- a1500 Vnto you (RwlPoet 36)22 : Your thyghes mysgrowen, youre shankys mych worse.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9467 : He gird hym so grymly on his gret theghe Þat he karve hit of cleane.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)191 : Hupes had hue faire and hih was hue þan; Hur þies all þorououte þristliche ischape, With likand legges lovely too seene And þe fairest feete þat ever freke kende.
b
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)490 : We biddeþ þat heore þyes beon to-broken a to.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1903 : He broken armes, he broken knes, He broken shankes, he broken thes.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1633 : To beo siker þat hi were dede, þe þeoues þyes hi breke.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)244/86 : Is bones..He let hom..forberne echon And þe doust þer of wel wide he let blowe..To douste ibrend al þe þeues [read: þeies] þat þer necome of hom namo.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 19.32,33 : Knyȝtis camen, and sothly thei braken the thiȝes of the firste, and of the tothir..whanne thei hadden come to Jhesu..thei braken not his thiȝes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4634 : Hyt were wurþy þat had þe gre, Brokyn þe arme, legge, or thee.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.143 : Þe knyȝtis broken not Cristis þies.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41a/b : Summe [bones] ben..knottye in eiþer hede as þe vlna, þat is the arme boon and þe þye.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)67b/b : In þe place amidwarde off þe hede of þe thie [L coxe] and þe bones of þe schare it was nedefulle a grete hole to ben.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)29/17 : Of dislocacioun & disioynyng of þe..whirleboon or þiȝe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)262/31 : He smote downe the kynge of North Galys, and brake his thygh in that falle.
- ?a1500 Inf.Chr.(Hrl 2399)461 : Summe brake legge & sum þe þye.
- c1500 NPass.(Ashm 61)220/1864 : Boþe þer theys wer broke in.
c
- a1275 Þu þad madist (Trin-C B.14.39)10 : Min þeþis honket so marbre-ston in werke.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13012 : Arður..þat þih him of-smat & eotend adun wæt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7755 : Sum lay wiþouten arme and þi.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.47.2 : Nakne þi filþehed, discouere þe shulder, opene þe thees [L crura].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.223 : He..fel doun so þat he was lame in his þyhes [Higd.(2): legges; L cruribus] terme of his lyf.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1358 : For he his þiȝe parted hath a-sonder, And smote it of by þe harde boon.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)126b : A Thegh [Monson: Thee]: Crus, Crusculum.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1898 : But Lybeauus was werrour sleȝ And smot of hys þeyȝ, Fell and bone and lyre.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)750/28 : Crus: a they.
d
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.46.26 : Alle the men that entriden with Jacob in to Egipt, and ȝeden out of his thiȝ [WB(1): leende; L femore], with out the wyues of his sones, weren sixti and sixe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.47.21 : And thou bouwidist thi thies to wymmen.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Eph.6.14 : Þerfore stande ȝee gyrd to ȝoure thyes [L lumbos] in soþnes.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.7.10 : For ȝit he was in þe thees of Abraham [L lumbis patris] when Melchisedech mette hym.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)636/21 : Nates: thees; Lumbus, idem est; Piga, idem est.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)132 : Yf þe child schewe first forth his thyes..than þe mydwif with hyr honde put yn ayen by þe fete, she shal brynge hym to þe orifice and evyn haue hym forth.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)112/8 : Of significacion of the hanches and of the thies and botox.
2.
(a) The upper leg of an animal, a bird, or scorpion, analogous to the human thigh; also, in dogs, deer, livestock, etc.: the haunch, rump [some quots. may belong to (b)]; also, cook. the thigh of a fowl used as food; hound ~; (b) the thigh bone of an animal or a bird; (c) the whole leg of an animal.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.355 : Þe kynges oþer sone..seide.. þat þey were liche to mares wiþ white legges up to þe þiȝes, for þat tyme þe Longobardes usede strapeles wiþ brode laces doun to þe sparlyver.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141b/a : It is general þat eueriche foul þat haþ schorte necke haþ schort þighes [L crura].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299a/b : The scorpioun..lepeþ on þe þigh [L clunes] of þe moder and sitteþ þere sauf..fro þe styngynge of þe taille and fro þe bytynge of þe mouþe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1349 : Bi þe byȝt al of þe þyȝes Þe lappez þay lauce bi-hynde.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)56 : Also it happethe to many houndes þat þei smyten the forlegge ayenst þe hyndere wherfore her thies dryen and bene lost þerby.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.24.4 : Put thou a brasen pot..and send in to it water; tak to a beest moost fat; Put togidre the gobetis of it in to it, eche good part, and the thiȝ [L femur], and the shuldre, chosyn and ful of boonus.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)163a/a : Take wulle þat is atwixe þe þies & þe iowes of schepe.
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)26/92 : Þan rewarde hir þer apon þe neke or brek of a thye.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)358,364 : A pyl intyll a hond the And a worde in folys wyll Are lykenyd wele be this skill: A hande þat with a pyle is hurte Belyue begyns to lepe and sturte, And he blyns neuere or it be drawen, Owte of hys the..And a worde in a folys herte Suffyrs hym neuere to sitte in qwerte.
- c1450 Yale 163 Cook.Recipes (Yale 163)40.49/3 : Take up the chikens; rese the whyngez and the thyys & the brestys.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1619 : Wrap þe leg oþer þe thight [?read: thighe] in the sayd clooth and clense oute the guetere [?read: quetere] away with a penne.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.35 : To wodcok, snype, curlue also..Þo bylle put þurghe þo þeȝes sere.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)82b/b : A wood hound..halt his tail bitwene hise þies & hangiþ out his tunge.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)52 : Put not..bestes in howses in rayne wheder nor in grete hete for þat engenderithe a hete..betwene þe leske and the thye.
b
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)614/14 : Take of swynes grece..of þe marie of a calues þyghe, [etc.].
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1619 : For a legge or a thigh brokyn: Take mastik and an oyntmente..called olybanum serpentarie, [etc.].
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.11.21 : Alle of foulys þat gooþ on foure feet shal been abhomynable to ȝow; what euer forsoþe gooþ on foure feet, but haþ lenger þyes [L crura] byhynde, by þe wheche he lepeþ opon erþe, ȝe shol eten.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)490 : Thy, lymme of a beeste: Femur.
3.
The main stem of a plant.
Associated quotations
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.239 : Strength alway the thegh in thi kittyng.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.255 : About his thegh [L crus] let no thyng growyng be, But if hit axe to be reuocate.
4.
?In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1069 : Henricus atte Thihe.
- (1312) Cust.Battle Abbey in Camd.n.s.41146 : Willielmus le Chesman tenet iiij acras terræ, quas adquisivit de Philippo atte Thegh'.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thigh.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. folding of the thigh.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. great thigh.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thigh bone.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thigh hole.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. thigh joint.