Middle English Dictionary Entry
tēr(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | tēr(e n. Also (early) tear, teore, tiar, (infl.) teare; pl. ter(e)s, terus, theris, terres, teares, (chiefly K) tieres, (K) tieares, tiares & (early) teren, tires, (Orm.) tæress & (early infl.) tearen, tearum. |
Etymology | OE tēar, tēor. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
A drop of the saline, watery fluid continually secreted by the lacrimal glands, a tear.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)161/5 : Nou sselt þou þus þenche Zix maneres of tyeres þet þe holy man heþ ine þise wordle.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)36a/b : Lacrima: a ter [Cnt: teere of a eye].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)192/27 : Sche desiride to knowe of God..how manye kyndis þere ben of teeris.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)126a : A Tere: lacrima, lacrimilla.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)679/15 : Lacrima: a tere.
1b.
Pl. (a) Tears appearing in or shed from the eyes in response to physical stimulus, ophthalmic disease, etc.; tears occasioned by physical pain or suffering; (b) med. a pathological watering of the eyes, an abnormal production of tears.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/18 : On þene bittræ þrosm hælles fures..heoræ ansyne bið þær mid teares oferfleowen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)96/7 : Uour..þinges..of his..lemes yourne, þet weren tyeares, zuot, weter, and blod.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 20.19 : I was seruynge to the Lord with al mekenesse and myldnesse and teeris.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.208 : In helle hir sighte shal be ful of derknesse and of smoke and therfore ful of teeres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84a/b : Rennynge of teres falliþ in þe iȝen somtyme..of smellinge of scharpenesse of oynouns & garlek.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)84b/a : If hote humours is þe cause, þe yȝen beþ rede & teris þat droppiþ hetiþ & brenneþ þe face.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)132a/b : Smooke..greuyþ yȝen and makeþ hem droppe out teeres.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)245/22 : Signes of fleum ben þese: greet swellynge, & manie teeris, & litil reednes ouþer noon.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)37b/a : Signez of cause of colre: akyng..multitude of terez.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)110a/a : Þe tokens of a stronge obtalmia ben þes: þer is grete redenesse in alle þe yȝe..and þe corners of þe yȝen ben fulle of teres.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)141/737 : Ȝif an hors yen renneþ water al terus, þen schalt þou make a striccatory of frankencense.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)32b/9 : Þe gret obtolmya is wen the eye warkyth, and þe whit is rede, and þer is het, pryckyng, and terys.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)74a/a : Þe helpe off þe blodelesse of þo two veines is for þe hede akkeþ..& for obtalmia..and ffor teres & for þe webbe of þe yȝen & for þe scabbe of þe yȝe liddes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)439/30 : Of teres and fluxe..it is a sekenesse in þe whiche þe eyȝen ben alwaie moyste and infecte with a watry moysture comynge doun fro þe hede.
- a1450 Chauliac(4) (Cai 336/725)30/34 : Of greuaunce of al þe iȝe, þat ben iiij, þat is, teeris & eminence or bolnynge..of al þe iȝe &..macilence or diminucoun &..scalynes.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)32a/24 : Þe comoyn cures I shall tell þe, As obtolmya, ȝekyng, teris, scabbis, bylis, macula, vngula.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)33b/2 : Also terys of eyen bene helid with colerye of myrabyliane.
1c.
(a) A tear appearing in or shed from the eyes in response to intense emotion, esp. sorrow; also fig.; also, an insincere tear [quot. a1382]; (b) bitter (blodi) teres, tears of profound sorrow; fals teres, insincere tears; (c) fig. and in fig. contexts: the sorrow evidenced by the shedding of tears;—also pl.; don awei tere(s from eien, wipen (awei) teres from eien, etc.: of God: to relieve (someone's) sorrow; dronknen with tere, overwhelm (a city) with (one's) sorrow; (d) dale (dene, valei) of teres, ?a specific valley in Palestine; ?fig. a desolate place; (e) dene (vale, valei) of teres, fig. the world.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)99/26 : Of twifealden onbryrdnysse aspringeð & gewunigeð teares flowen..hwilon..þone se gode mann for his gode weorcan wilneð, þæt he heonan mote, & he for þan wepeð.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)151 : Swo þe holi gost teð þe mannes luue to heuene, and makeð þat him longed swiðe þider, and for þat longenge wasseð his neb mid teares.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)56/12 : Þa he seh his deorewurðe moder teares..He weop him seolue.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6374 : Þe king gon siche sare; him gunnen glide teores.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)37/654 : Heo sat on þe sunne Wiþ tieres al birunne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)39/676 : Rymenhild weop ille, & horn let þe tires [vr. terres] stille.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)733 : Thare was old, starf he ðo; Teres gliden for hertes sor Fro loth and abram and nachor.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.584 : Þe king for sorwe & for drede Wiþ teres wett his lere.
- 1372 Þu sikest sore (Adv 18.7.21)p.87 : Sorful ter of sorful eyȝe, þu brekst myn herte a-to.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3251 : Sampsoun..hadde of Israel the gouernaunce; But soone shal he wepe many a teere, For wommen shul hym bryngen to meschaunce.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.14.16 : Þe wif of Sampson..schedde anentis to Sampson teris & pleynede.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1084 : Aswowne doun she falleth For pitous ioye..with hir salte teres She bathed..hir visage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20082 : His moder stod and sare sco grete; þe teres fell dun til hir fete.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5459 : Helpe now, þou woful Nyobe, Som drery ter..In-to my penne dolfully to reyne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)193/17 (2nd occurrence) : The secunde manere of teeris ben teeris of dreede.
- (1450) Paston2.35 : I..am right sory of that I shalle sey and haue soo wesshe this litel bille with sorwfulle terys that on-ethes ye shulle reede it.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)111a : None of hem nowe greueþe, ne teer is yseene on hir face.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)451/23 : Aythir kyssed othir with wepynge tearys.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15903 : The salte terys dystylle doun, Makynge A demonstracioun..Off sorwe in herte and gret rage.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.73rb : Thobye began to syghe and began to praye our lord with theris sayeng, 'O Lord, thou art rightful...'
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)322 : Wyt þat worde þat he warpyd þe wete of eghen And teres trillyd adoun and on þe toumbe lighten.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)115 : Now ther nys noon that wepeth, nor yn hem appereth no trace of teres, whych wer wont to renne oute of her yghen.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1307 : Þe kyng for þat care coldit at his hert And siket full sore with sylyng of teris.
b
- a1225 Stond wel moder (StJ-C E.8)14 : Moder, rewen of þi barne; þu vipe avei þi blodi teres [vr. teren].
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)57/960 : Horn iherde wiþ his ires & spak wiþ bidere tires.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1019 : His moder held him bi þe fer And swiþe bitter ters lete.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1280 : The pure fettres of his shynes grete Were of his bittre..teres wete.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1867 : Who made sorowe but Deyphyle, with bitter teeres dewed al her face.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1445 : The blody teris from his herte melte, As he that nevere yet swich hevynesse Assayed hadde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1301 : Therwith his false teres out they sterte And taketh hire withinne his armes two.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.204 : Anne spac..with byttere terys.
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)147/26 : Ich iseih..þine tear, and ich iherde þine bene; Þu scalt ȝiet libben fiftene ȝear.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.178 : He shal don away alle þe teres [vr. teer] from her eiȝen.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)267/33 : Vram hare eȝen god wypeþ alle tyeres.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 20.5 : I haue herd þi preyeere & seen þi tere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.16.9 : I shal drunkne þee with my tere, esebon & eleale.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.25.8 : Don awei shal þe lord god eche tere fro alle face.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.21.4 : God shal wijpe awey ech teer fro iȝen of seyntis.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)68/9 : Þou hast no likinge in oure tribulacioun, for aftur tempest, þou makest stille weder, and aftur teres and wepinge, þou heldest in ioye.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2348 : Progne hath swich wo That nygh hire sorweful herte brak a-two; And thus in terys lete I Progne dwelle.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)33/1 : We preien hym..þat he..take vs fro þis careful lijf, þat is al bisett wiþ miseses & wiþ teres.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.319 : Þer God schal wypyn away þe terys from þe eyne of his seyntis.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)199/5 : I haue hardyn thy Prayer and Seyn thy terris.
d
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)83.6 : Blisced be þe man of whom þe help is of þe; he ordeined steiȝenge in his hert, in þe valei [NVPsalter: dene] of teres, in þe stede þat he sett.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)83.6 : Blisful man whas helpe is of the: steghyngis he ordaynd in his hert, in dale of teris [L in valle lacrimarum] in stede that he sett.
e
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)160/32 : Þeruore is þe wordle y-cleped þe dane [Vices & V.(2): valeie] of tyeares.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)23/15 : Who so serueþ god best in þis valei of teres, lord in þi holi mounteyn he schal sitten heiȝest.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.34 : Hail, quene, modir of merci..to þee we siȝen, gronynge in þis valey of teeris.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)18/17 : Is not þis þe vayle of teris & tribulacion?
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)200 : Owre lorde Ihesu..thurghe takynge of owre dedlynes..was made lesse þen angell whilles he was in this vale of teres.
- a1400 Matin Our Lady in MLN 30 (Ashm 1288)231 : Heil, qweene, modir of merci..to þee we siȝen, weymentynge and wepinge in þis valey of teeris.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)5/21 : Þenk þat þou art in þis wrecchid vale of teeris livyng but a litel tyme, considering þe tyme þat euer shal last in ioye.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)92/25 : In þis valey of teres [L miseriarum] þere comeþ many euell þinges þat ofte tymes lettiþ me.
1d.
A tear appearing in or shed from the eyes in response to a particular frame of mind: (a) a tear indicative of a state of contrition; teres of contricioun (shrift); bitter teres, tears of deep contrition; (b) a tear reflective of religious devotion or mystical ecstasy; swete teres; (c) a tear of compassion for the plight or sins of others; also in fig. context; teres of blod, heartfelt tears of compassion.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)99/24 : Seo onbrerdnysse þære heortan is eadmodnysse þæs modes, þonne se mann gemuneð his þurhgotene [read: þurhtogene] synnen, & þa mid tearen mæneð.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)23/20 : Ge ageð mycele þearfe, þæt ge dædbote don eower synnen, mid teare gyten, & mid heofunge.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.2 Quadr.(Bod 343)52/13 : Þe mon..æfter þam tearum þa ylcen synnæn edlæcð þe he ær biweop.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)132/18 : Þa ðe..dædbote doþ mid fæstene & mid teare gute..ic ȝeate heom mine milse.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13849 : Þe posstless ȝæfenn uss..Soþ rewwsinng off..sinness, To wattrenn & to dæwwenn swa Þurrh beȝȝske & sallte tæress.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)145/34 : Sand ane drope of þire swete mildsce to mire wrecche, fordruȝede hierte, þat hie mihte nexxin and mealten and ut-sanden sume tear.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)161/6-7 : Leote we..teares leste ure ahne teares forseoðen us in helle.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.55 : Bodi..haddest þouȝ..Us schriven..And laten renne a reuly ter..Ne þorte us have..fer Þat god ne wolde his blisse us sent.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8371 : Þo hii were wel issriue wiþ god deuocion, Wepinde hii armed hom, þe teres orne adoun.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)74/22 : Be holy ssrifte and be tyeares and be benes hi doþ hare miȝte ham zelue to arere and to amendi.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)173/22 : Zenne is a uer berninde þet ne may naȝt by y-kuegt bote by tyares of ssrifte.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)125.6 : Hij þat repenten her sinȝes in teres, hij shul liuen in heuen wiþ ioie.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.993 : Thy shrift sholde be ful of teeris if man may; and if man may nat wepe with hise bodily eyen, lat hym wepe in herte.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7977 : Ȝyf ȝe dyd oght, doþe no more so, Or harder penaunce with bytter teres Shul ȝe do here or elles wheres.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)383 : Þer he dased in þat duste, with droppande teres, Wepande ful wonderly alle his wrange dedes.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)9/7 : Wid teris and wid siȝing knau yure sinne, sua sal ye amende yu o-gain god.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)61/1 : Þei cam to a gret town..where owyr Lord..vysited þis creatur wyth abundawnt teerys of contricyon for hir owyn synnes.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)296 : It nedid ay to be clensede with many salte teres.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)287/5 : Þis weshell repleynssed with watur is þe sacrament of confession, þat shuld be full of teres of contricion.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)963 : A tere of þe ey, wyth sorow veray..rubbyt and waschyt þe Soule wythin.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Glo 42)726/11-12 : iij Erbys..schall make þi wyfe hole þat is þi sowle..þe fyrste ys contricyon with þe wyche ye schall make a drynke of teres; Wher seynt ambrose saytȝ teres wasche away all þe trespas of syn.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)57/16-17 : Ðe gastliche mann..lihtliche wepð oðer sobbeð, oðerhwile mid bitere teares, oðerhwille mid wel swete teares, after ðan ðe he isiecþ oðer iherð oðer þengþ.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)81/27 : Godes þreatunge is wontreaðe & weane i licome & i sawle..þe were of þis þreatunge as he wes wel ifullet, nere þer nan empti stude i þe heorte to underfon fleschliche lahtren for þi he bed wealle of teares.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)135/18 : Þe zoþe milde worþssipeþ god and him byt mildeliche, þet his to zigge, mid zoþe teares þet comeþ of godes grace.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)226/19 : Yeue ham to bidde god and bleþeliche bi at cherche ine deuocion and ine tyares [Vices & V.(2): teeres weping], ase me ret ine þe godspelle of saint luc.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Tim.1.4 : I haue mynde of thee in my preieris..I, myndeful of thi teeris, that I be with ioye fulfillid.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)24/7 : Lord, here myn orisoun and preyere; with þyn eres parceyue my teres.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)19/29 : Wyd mekil mare deuociun ahte ye þanne at pray to god..yure antente sal be þat ye ne sal noght be herde for yure many wordis, bot scort vrisun, and wyd deuocion, and wyd terys of herte.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.22/32 : This mane, cummynge a-forne the Auter of the blessid Apostle Bartholomewe, with sighynge terys his mercy mekely besowght, And he deseruyd graciously to be herde.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Hnt HM 148)76/2 : Hit semes noght þai suld be calde ters, bot heuenly dewynge, comande fro a-bofe to soft þat saule þat langes in lufe.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)8 : Wen..in the trinite is loke fast thi loue..the terus ren down be thi lerus so stylle.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)26/27 : A, derworþe God, so pitous is þi worde þat..it auȝt to make hym in loue to melte & worþe al to teeres.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)60/9 : He stireth here to holy prayeris and meditacioun and teris.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.35.21b : Þou felist so mikil goodnesse and merci in oure lord, þat þin herte risiþ vp in to a lufe and a gladnesse of hym, wiþ many swete teeres.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)201/12 : Sone, of my ffadyr grace ȝe may gett with þe leste teer wepynge owte of ȝour ey.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1658 : So of hool will Albon was dilligent, His face, his eyen, with teeris al besprent.
c
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)159 : Þe ter þet Mon schet for his emcristenes sunne is inemned snaw water, for hit melt of þe neche horte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)122/853 : Heo as me ledde hire, lokede aȝeinwart..ant seh..wepmen ant wummen..wepinde sare..ant te riche leafdis letten teares trondlin.
- a1300 Loke to þi louerd (StJ-C A.15)2 : Loke to þi louerd, man, þar hanget he a rode, and wep hyf þo mist terres al of blode.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)29/327 : For messais þat sche on him seiȝe, Þat had ben so riche & so heiȝe, Þe teres fel out of her eiȝe.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3852 : Alisandre..Empoysoned of thyn owene folk thow weere; Thy sys fortune hath turned in to aas, And for thee ne weep she neuere a teere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 20.31 : I ceesside not with teeris monestinge ech of ȝou.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.45 : Her sauce was..grounde In a morter..of many bitter peyne, But if þei synge for þo soules and wepe salt teres.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.846 : I trowe, ywys, from hevene teeris reyne For pite of myn aspre and cruel peyne.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)650 : He prayed for man til his fader, hyngand an the croys, With bittir teres.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)61/3 : Sche had teerys of compassyon in þe mende of owyr Lordys Passyon.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)287 : Ye, my ladyes..oughten to be able To have pite of folk that be in peyne..Now shulde your holy teres falle and reyne.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)11/21 : It is impossible that a child whech hath so many teres wept for him schuld perisch.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)9969 : Wepyng & tendre terys grene Only to wommen appartene.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6672 : Somtyme a man hereþ a þing..of grete pite..Þanne wepeþ the yȝen..þe hete þat þe herte feleþ Wiþ the teris gretly keleþ.
2.
(a) A drop of some bodily fluid other than tears; swotes teres, drops of sweat; (b) a drop of some liquid or viscous substance; honi ~ [OE hunig-tēar], a drop of honey; also as an epithet for Christ.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)364 : In swinc ðu salt tilen ði mete, Ðin bred wið swotes teres eten, Til gu beas eft in-to erðe cumen.
b
- c1150(?OE) Ld.Herb.Gloss.(LdMisc 567)58/1255 : Resina, i. Teore.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)217 : Þenche ȝie ælc word of him swete, al swa an huni tiar felle upe ȝiure hierte.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Nero A.14)200 : Swete iesu mi leof, mi lif, mi leome, min healewi, min huni ter, þu ert al þet ich hopie.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)96/5 : Þe rote of þise trawe..is..loue..Þet zep of þo traue and þe tyeres weren uour wel preciouses þinges.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)26/16 : Swete Ihesu heuene kyng..Myn hony brid..Myn hele & myn hony ter.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2389 : Aurora..with þe water of hir teris rounde Þe siluer dewe causeth to abounde Vp-on herbis.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)81/10 : Tak rye flour & clere hony teres & mak hard daughe þer-of.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)186 : Take encense and aloe and þe ter of þe white of an eye, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4974 : Þar trekild doun of þa teres of iemmes Boyland out of þe barke bawme & mirre.