(a) With reference to decapitation, amputation, cutting of hair, peeling, skinning, etc.: off; cutten ~, kerven ~, etc.; (b) ~ from, off from (sth.); abeten ~, to knock out (teeth); smiten ~, chop off (the head, a limb); taken ~, cut out (a tongue); (c) with implied verb after ben, shulen, willen; (d) with reference to separation from something: off, away.

(a) With reference to an article of clothing, a piece of armor, etc.: off; casten ~, don ~, etc.; (b) with implied verb; ~ his hod, bareheaded; ~ mid (with), to take off (one's coat of mail, one's clothes).

(a) With reference to distance in space: away; ~ from, away from (sth.); fer ~, far away; fer ~ from; (b) casten ~, to unleash (hounds); casten ~ couples, cast off the leashes (of hounds); fenden ~, ward off, make a defense; putten ~, repel (attackers); put (a planet) off course; fig. dispel (fears); reject (material things); putten ~ from, keep (sb.) away from (sb.); taken ~, take (sth.) away from the heat; (c) with reference to downward motion: down; ~ from, down from (sth.); (d) with reference to departure: ~ ben yare, to be ready to depart.

(a) With reference to time: putten ~, to postpone (sth.); (b) with reference to preparation or fabrication: from, out of; maken ~.

With a verb denoting thinking, telling, speaking, hearing, laughing, seeming [sometimes difficult to distinguish from of prep.]: of, about; also, thereof [quot.: c1225]; also, at [quot.: Alex.& D.].

In phrases: (a) come ~, come on! hurry up! [see also comen 1b. (c) & 13.]; (b) leven ~, to stop, make an end, come to an end; leave off (sth., some activity), cease (to do sth.); neglect (sth.), omit [see also leven v.(1) 1. (a), (b), (c)]; levinge ~, neglect, failure to perform; (c) adon ~, to take (sth.) away, subtract; don ~, remove the name of (sb.); (d) as an intensive: cutten ~, to mutilate (oneself), cripple, destroy; sheuen ~, display (oneself); soupen ~, empty (a cup), quaff off; washen ~, wash (one's body) thoroughly.

Used pleonastically to correspond with of prep. in various senses; also used to correspond with over prep.