Middle English Dictionary Entry
manī adj. & n.
Entry Info
Forms | manī adj. & n. Also manie, manige, manẹ̄, (error) magnie, (early) maniȝ, (in surn.) mange & moni(e, monei, monẹ̄, (early) moniȝ & meni(e, (error) myny & maini(e, meinẹ̄; comp. manier(e; sup. maniest. Forms (early): (gen.) manīes, maniȝes, monīes; (acc.) monīne; (pl.) maniȝe, -eȝa, -ege, -ega, moniȝe, -iȝæ, -ieȝe, monien, mænige, -eȝa; (gen.) manīes; (dat.) maniȝum |
Etymology | OE manig |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
Indefinitely numerous, innumerable, great in number, many: (a) preceding an inflected or uninflected plural noun, a collective noun, or an adj. used as a noun; (b) following the noun; (c) as pred. adj.; (d) with indef. adj. or pronoun: ~ other, other ~, many other(s; ~ mo, ~ mo other, ~ swich.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1102 : Manige Frencisce & Englisce þær heora stafas & rice for luron.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1110 : On Iunies monðe ætywde an steorra..& þus manega niht wæs ge sæwen.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)75.18/1 : Foxes gloua..mæȝ wið maneȝa untrumnesse.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)129.123 : Hit hys ȝewunelic, þat hi man to maniȝe gode drencan ȝemenge.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)2/5 : Mæneȝa bysnum..ic eom [ȝewis þinra mæȝena & snytro].
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)17/5 : Þes læcecræf[t] hys fram maniȝum mannum [L multis] afanded.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : He makede manie munekes..& makede mani weorkes.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)26/16 : Ic habbe under me moniȝæ cnihtæs on fare.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/29 : On monie wise he wrohte iscefta.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.43 : Icc hafe sett her..Amang Goddspelless wordess..maniȝ word Þe rime swa to fillenn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)656 : I þon castle weoren monie [ Otho: mani] men.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4256 : He makede..monien laȝen gode.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)9/8 : Giet hier is mare of ðe eueles kennes sade, ðe me hafð ofte idon..a manies kennes me seluen to weriȝen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)71/9 : Maniȝe gode þinges ðu hafst iherd and ilierned.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)257 : Þu miȝtest bet hoten galegale, Vor þu hauest to monie tale.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)261/28 : Bi þe weiȝe heo saiȝ muche folk and manie grete route.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)751 : Mani god fish þer-inne he tok, Boþe with neth, and with hok.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2179 : Hu..sulde oninan [read: oniman] poure forgeten Swilke and so manige sunes bigeten?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4043 : Manie tiding quad balaam ðor Ðe made balakes herte sor.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9395 : We ssolle as so monye ssep to driue al þe route.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)191/11 : Þanne be-vil þet þet child yzeȝ manie poure þet hedden mezeyse.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.7 : His voice was as voice of many watres.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)780 : He..sike ful mani siþe and sum time quake.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.11.9 : Mony [L multa] syngnes ben do in þe londe of Egipte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.411 : Þis ȝere þe see flood sprang up..and drenshede meny townes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2562 : They han manye children, bretheren, cosyns, and oother ny kynrede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.672 : Of gold the ferste regne of alle Was in that kinges time tho, And laste manye daies so.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)175b/b : Þere ben eendeles many bestes of diuers kynde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)671 : Emang his mani [Frf: mony; Göt: meyne] serekyn sele, I sal tell sum-quat of his wele.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.217 : He was nawhere welcome for his manye tales.
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43584 : Luce..said I was wil awrtaken and so wel [read: we] fel in mone maters of owr self.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)33/3 : How may manye þinges wante where fewe þinges sufficen?
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)160b/b : Also þou schalt not drede þat y haue writin so manye medicynes for one purpose, ffor one medicyne is not good to alle men yliche.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)271 : In Englisch as in Latyn, ben wordis synonemus, þat is to seie, manie wordis bitokenynge oo þing.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1286 : They herde in theire herbergage hundrethez full many Hornez of olyfantez full helych blawen.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)505 : Experience schewiþ þis same bi mane ensaumplingis.
- a1450 Omnes gentes (Sln 2593)2 : I saw myny bryddis setyn on a tre.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.57/2 : Moony stryves were i-meved afore Jugges fro þe pope Delegate.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)217 : Be the weye he tok mony Frensch lordes and many armed men.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)13a/b : It is resonable þat þei be knytt togideris, þat manye bonys myȝten make oon body.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)133a : Þys man dooþ maynye glorius myracles.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)56 : Merlin wente to his maister Blase..and tolde hym many thinges.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)3 : Mane aventewres hathe befalle.
- a1500 Dayly in Englond (BodPoet e.1)p.273 : Mayny women be ryght dylygent.
- a1500 Orch.Syon (Mrg M 162)19/12 : In meny places of scripture [we] finde wordis liche to þe same purpos.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/20 : Ða Iudeisce isæȝen hu he wrohte tacnæ mycele & moniȝæ him sylfe tomiddes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30140 : Cadwalan hefde castles swiðe monieȝe.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)737 : Stoden on an half þeos meistres so monie.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2322 : Heo..seh sihen efter hire heaðene monie, wepmen & wummen.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)441 : In ðe se senden selcuðes manie.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)123 : Þene þat ich cusse, uaste ye hyne holde, And ledeþ hyne warlyche; he con wndres monye.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)11719 : Eke hii nemen wifmen wonderliche manie.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)413 : Adam and eue..hadden childre manige.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2768 : Þider com wel gret rout Of kinges, erls, baroun & kniȝt, Princes, doukes, mani, y pliȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)389 : Al his fre ferd..hadde take þat time moche trye game..hertes & hindes & oþer bestes manye.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.23 : Mede..gaf hem..Rynges with rubies and ricchesses manye.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)321 : Loke even þat þyn ark have of heȝþe þrette..Haf hallez þerinne and halkez ful mony.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1164 : He hem halȝed for his and help at her nede In mukel meschefes mony.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3870 : Oþer knyȝtes manye Folwed after with worþi Eneas.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)90b : It haþ happed so in batailles many wiþ oute noumbre.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)43 : Now was þer on Nothan..Þat..Knewe contreys fele, kyngdomes manye.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3852 : Of Perse come the proude kyng with pepull full mony.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)50/222 : As sond in þe se doth ebbe and flowe, Hath cheselys many, vnnumerabyll.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)2486 : They were warre at the laste Of men come by the waye, Rydyng money wyth fayre arrowes.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)76/5 : Vre god þet is se þunne, Vre sunnen þe beoð se monie.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)12577 : Mony are his childehedes I of tolde Done ar he were twelue ȝeer olde.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.18 : Many wer þe paiens þat Haldayn did slouh þat day.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)97/8 : My name is Legio, for we ben monye.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)9/17 : Aftir þat þo þouȝtis beþ manye or fewe.
- a1450 SLeg.Barlaam (Bod 779)1119 : Tres þer were many þat nobil frut bere.
- (1473) Paston (Gairdner)5.188 : The Kyngs menyall men and the Duke off Claraunces ar many in thys town.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)291 : No while mygh thei endure, for the saisnes were so many.
d
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)97 : Ealle þas þing and moniȝe oðre deð þe haliȝa gast.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)3/7 : Giet is an oðer derne senne ðe me and maniȝe oðre saule hafð beswiken.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)23/18 : Ðus beswikð ðe deuel maniȝe oðre saules.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)2/11 : Þe ȝet weren monie ma þene nu beon mis-bileuede men.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)8/4 : Alle oþer swucche þinges..segge swa monie oðer o swucche wise.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)103/1 : Monie ma hwelpes þen ich habbe inempnet haueð þe liun of prude.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)8 : So deden mony oþere þat singet weilawey.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)428 : Or or, midlest, or after ðo Bar eue of adam manige moo.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)25 : A goute me haþ ygreyþed so ant oþer eueles monye mo.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1162 : Þe duk hade þe douȝtiere men..& mani mo þan þemperour.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2904 : There be nou many such, I gesse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5147 : The querele..Declared was in the presence Of themperour and many mo.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9120 : Ȝow þar nat aske ȝyf þere was wo with þe preste and with many mo.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.76 : Piers þe pardoner..Bette þe bedel..Munde þe myllere, & manye mo oþere.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.109 : Be þat þe sauter vs seiþ, & so dede manye oþere [vr. oþer manye].
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43588 : Of Cobham and of Glyndor, and mone mo other.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)271 : Þus of oþire wordis bifore rehersid & of manye mo lyk hem.
- (c1447) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35260 : Þe duk of Glowcestre..grantyd..all his buks of study..be for diverse doctors and maysters..many mo graduat men beyng in his presance.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11993 : He ordand men ose mony moo.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.139/5 : John Duke, Richard Webbe..and moony other þenne þere Beyng present.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)316/31 : Thes and many mo bene noble knyghtes.
- a1500(1431) Cart.Tropenell in BGAS 23214 : Servauntes to the seid duke of Gloucestre, with many mo other, herneysed to defende the seid entre.
- c1500 Stations Jerus.(Ashm 61)96 : We sey þe wawle of Jerusaleme And..þer-Ine We..reseyued indulgens..And at oþer many places mo also.
1b.
Phrases: (a) fele and ~, ~ and fele, ~ fele, many many; ~ and mo, many and then more; (b) made ~, multiplied; (c) ~ manere(s, many kinds, many kinds of; ~ maneres (wise), having many or various forms, manifold; ~ manere wise, in many or various ways; (d) ~ hundred, ~ thousand(es.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Ða bohte se abbot Aldulf landes feola & manega.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : God to donne..monie and feole oðre godere werke þe nu were long eou to telle.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)95 : Þer beþ briddes mani and fale.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)209 : Þer beþ woningis mani and fale.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)6070 : Ich haue castels & cities strong Mani and fele in mi lond.
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)194 : King haþeolf was wel wo, For þe irise ost was mani & mo.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)19515 : Miraclis dide he mani fele.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)46.358 : Celidoine to this maide was wedded ful snelle, whiche was the dowhter Of kyng label, and ȝoven hem p[o]cesciowns Manye & fel.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1110 : He..hadde..of the quene many gyftis fele.
- a1450 SLeg.Barlaam (Bod 779)1235 : Þere he lyuid with barlam ȝeres many & fale.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2348 : Sekemen come þedur mony and fele.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1005 : We hafe farne to þe fiȝt..With..ȝour fadire mony fele wynter.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)50/217 : As sterrys in hevyn byn many and fele, so xal þi seed encrese and growe.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)110b/b : Þan þe signez ar augmented & plurified, i. made many of, multiplied.
c
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.4 : Þere wexen many maneres of vices & of heresies in holy chirche.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.79 : Þou most prechen to many dyuers manere of folk & to many kynges.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)12/25 : I was war..Bi warnyng and wissyng on mony maner halue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)54a/b : Þe longe is greued in many maner wise.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)130 : To many maner synnes.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)6/11 : He turned water into wyn & heled..many maner seke men.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)325 : Manymanerys or manyfold: Multiformis, multipharius, mul[t]iplex. Manyfolde wyse: Multipharie, multipliciter. Many maner wyse: idem est.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)378/7 : Lorde, byholde not to my wickednesse and many-maner necgligences.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.85 : What attyr wiþ ȝoure welthes many-wise Is mengid if ȝe kouþe it haue in mynde!
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)8/15 : Delphynes..and Whalles, beside manymaner Shelle-fysche.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)77b : Manymanerse [Monson: Many maneris]: multimodus, multiplex.
d
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Mani þusen hi drapen mid hungær.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)465 : Ich habbe in þane munten monie þusund [ Otho: mani þusendes].
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)219 : Ysaie..was man wuniinde on þese worlde mani hundred wintre are þe maiden ware iken oþer istren.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)115/10 : Ælle, ðu, lauerd..haue rewðhe and milce..of ðine patriarches and of ðine profietes, and mani þusend hali saules.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1038 : He & meliors..þroli hire þonked moni þousand siþes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1696 : William..& his worþi burde ful þroly hire þonked many þousand siþe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.863 : I speke of many hundred yeres ago.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6 : Þere many thosand lesis þer lijf.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)58 : Mony hundrid hende men highide þider sone.
1c.
Associated quotations
- c1350 How GWife(1) (Em 106)166/131 : Many honden maken liȝt werk.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.362 : Lat vs nat be necligent to deschargen vs of venial synnes, for the prouerbe seith that manye smale maken a greet.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.50 : Many hondys makyn lyȝth worke.
1d.
(a) Comp. manier(e, more numerous; (b) sup. maniest, most numerous.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)111/18 : Þe heremyte flytted his celle fyve myle ferthere fro þe welle for to makyn þe manyere steppys to haue þe more mede.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)114/24 : A woman hauyng manyer [vr. mo] sygnys..be-twene..the mydyl fynger and the leche fyngyr, than be-twene the leche fyngyr and the lytyl fyngyr.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)116/19 : He that hath manyere sygnys off prosperyte than off aduersyte, ye schal deme hys wurchyppys.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)214/20 : Yf thou seyste that they bene manyer, do thou that they bene ten.
b
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)190/1 : Mistilto..is best þat growith on ookys, for þat beryth manyest bays.
2a.
Many a, many an: (a) preceding a sg. noun without the indefinite article; (b) ~ a, ~ an [cp. mani-on phr.]; (c) ~ other, ~ another, many another; (d) ~ is the miracle, there is many a miracle; ~ was the man, there was many a man; ther was ~ a wepinge eien, there were many weeping eyes; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)54/6 : Nu þencð moniȝ mon on his mode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/11 : Þenne wære moniȝ mon þurh þæt to his ileafen..ichærred.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)795 : Mani mann Wass off hiss come bliþe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3076 : Itt wass forr maniȝ daȝȝ Ær cwiddedd þurrh prophetess.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)36 : Monies [vrr. manies, mani, Mony] monnes sare iswinc habbeð oft unholde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3412 : Þu bi-swikest monine [ Otho: mani] mon.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12437 : Þer com moni [ Otho: mani] riche mon to þan hustinge anan.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28932-3 : Monies riches monnes sune, monie hafðene gume, comen to Gurmunde.
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)277 : Þu..þoledes for wone of mete moni hat hungre.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)5/12 : Ant ȝe, mine leoue sustren, habbeþ moni dei icrauet on me after riwle.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)109/334 : Mani appel is uten grene..& biter wiþ-innen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1575 : Monichapmon & moni cniht Luueþ..his wif a riht.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)147 : Hi ladden Iosep into þe burȝ..Mani feir halle & mani feir bour.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.100 : Seint Thomas..prechede that folc, as meni man isay.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)512 : Mani miracle þare feol a-day.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)687 : After ðis cam swilc oðer sum, Manie man, is frend for to munen.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)7 : Moni frenshe wyf wryngeþ hire honde.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5677-8 : Fast oȝain þe gate he leke Wiþ lockes, haspes, & mani pin, Wiþ mani bar & mani gin.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1647 : Elles had i deide for duel many dai seþþe.
- c1375(?c1280) SLeg.Advent,etc.(Eg 1993)923 : Þorw him ischewed scholde be moni monnes þouȝt.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.89 : It stant of love in many place: Who that is out of loves grace..He wolde an other scholde faile.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2111 : Affrik..es þe toþer parti..Mani [Frf: mony] contre þer-in es.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.237 : In þe apparaille of a pore man..Many tyme god hath ben mette amonge nedy peple.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1439 : Mony burþen ful bryȝt watz broȝt into halle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.347 : For to be brefe, he lefte moche be-hynde Of the story..How mony worthi loste ther his lyf.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1657 : Thyder cam ful many [vr. many a] lusty knyght.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Martin AM (Cmb Gg.5.31)p.73 : Worldes wandretht and pouerte Haldes meknes in many mans herte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)15.302 : Many wondirful swetnesse Aforn me fyl.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)86 : Þer is comyn with him..Segis of many syde.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.14.8b : Þer is mani man þat haþ vertue.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6437 : Ofte is sayd be men of skole, Many man callys anoþer a foule.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)291 : Ther was many stroke yoven and receyved.
b
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)66/1215 : Ich aue hy go mani amyle.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)285 : For hire was mani a ter igroten.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)40 : Þai spilden mani aman.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)108 : Þai..þonked him mani a siþe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2584 : Oure liues hadde be lore many a day seþþe.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.168 : Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)38/1 : Þei..maden me mony a res wiþ grennynde beere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3138 : Haddestow as greet a leue..To parfourne al thy lust in engendrure, Thow haddest bigeten many a creature.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3118 : Wher many a dowhter and a Sone Thei bringen forth of briddes kinde.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)165 : Þer suld ȝe here mani a dede þat iesu did in his barnhede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1277 : Have I nat seyd er this That dremes many a maner man bigile?
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3976-7 : For many a yeer withouten blame We han ben, and many a day.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)195/65 : Fore him schal wepe mone an e.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8310 : Þe ȝonge kyng..Wyþ mania Breton, on & oþer..In Walys fforteger þey sought.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15442 : Ost þey gadered of mania man.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)5 : Tribulaciouns of þe feend..schal in manye a wise disese þee.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)3964 : Many a grete stroke ther was sette.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4720 : Þat was gret sorowe to mony amone.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.152 : Ow renoun..fals and variable To many a thowsand of thyn omageres.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)164 : The Jewis..with her usure thei encresed hemselve to grete richesse and made many a Cristen man pore.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)202/1596g : Many an haweberke there was to-hewyn.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.38 : Many a regyonne and monnye a nottable cyty God hathe dysstryid for here sinnis grete.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)134 : Mony a gay grete lorde was gedrid to herken hit.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)132/37 : Many a man that holili lyuen, hauyn vaynglory of har good lyuene.
c
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)429 : Ðis deuel..doð men hungren & hauen ðrist & mani oðer sinful list.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)13 : In helle was..moni oþer holi mon, Mo þen ich ou tellen con.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.58 : Ech of hem hadde wyues mo than two, And many another holy man also.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)69 : He..toke with him sir Ercules..And mony anoþer herdy and hende.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.468 : I se ensamples my-self, and so may many an other.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6601 : He and Cassandra boþe..in herte were ful wroþe And sory eke of many anoþer þing.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)180 : The kynge loot brought thider his wif, and so dide many a-nother baroun.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(Hrl 2277)410 : Meni is þe faire miracle þat of seint Nicholas is.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)209 : Mani was þat gode bodi þat aslawe was þere.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)196 : Moni wes þe wyues chil þat þer-on lokeþ a day Ant seide alas.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1085 : Mani was þat bold barn þat busked þider sone.
- c1380 Vncomly in (Arun 292)6 : Mani is þe sorwfol song it singge vpon mi bok.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)20965 : Ful mani hit was þat ilk torfere þat he con þole for ihesu dere.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4967 : Many was þe heþene man Wiþ Saladyn þat come þan.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1196/26 : And there was many a wepyng ien.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1563 : Many was the douȝty man in þat ylk stounde That dyden on both half.
2b.
Abundant, much.
Associated quotations
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)1819 : Me may þer isyn..gret compani of angels..In þe ioy so mony and so ryche.
- (c1460) Paston (Gairdner)3.215 : It is my owen steryng and good hert to you warde..in eschuyng of inconvenyentz as right many talke must ensue to you ward.
3.
In adj. phrases indicating definite number: (a) as (also, so) ~, just as many, just so many; as ~ as, hou ~, just as many as; (b) hou ~, what number of; (c) ~ as, as numerous as; ten so ~, ten times as many.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Hi namen þære..swa manega gersumas on sceat & on scrud & on bokes swa nan man ne mæi oðer tællen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/31 : Swo maniȝe litle dropes of maniȝes kennes ȝemeleastes mihten cumen in to ðe saule bote, ðat hie mihten sinken.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 13.48 : Hethen men..bileuyden, how manye [WB(2): as manye as; L quotquot] euere weren byfore ordeyned to euere lastyng lyf.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)42/10,11 : Euer mo as many degres & minuta as the midel of thy thred lith in the meridional lyne fro centre aryn, so many gradus & minuta is the latitude of the mone fro the Ecliptik.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.854 : Is ther no ship, of so manye as I se, Wol bryngen hom my lord?
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)298/7 : Philosophoris bitoken þe craft [of blood-letting] into lewid mennes hondis, or as manie men haue dedignacioun for to worche wiþ her hondis.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)16.242 : To me and to myn issue more ȝete he me graunted Mercy for owre mysdedes as many tyme [C: as meny tymes] as we asken.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.260 : To me and to myn issue more he by-hihte, Mercy for oure mysdedes, as meny tymes As we wilnede.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)92/2 : Þei schulden not folewe þe leste fleschli lust of þe world..to bringe forþ as mony children as ben sterres in heuene.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)128/22 : For Seint Gregori seiþ, 'as mony uices, so monie deuelis.'
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)133/24 : And Seint Gregori seiþ: 'as mony uices, as mony bondes.'
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.32.22 : He took hise twei wyues, and so many [WB(1): as feel; L totidem] seruauntessis.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)92b/a : And howe manie accidentes þat ben compounde wiþ a wounde, so manye entenciouns most a surgene haue to þe curacioun of þe wounde.
- (1425) RParl.4.290a : Lete hem brynge here proves, suche and as meny as thei konne.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)31 : So many men as in her tyme hir knewe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4125 : Prothylus..put on the water ffyfte shippes fyn..Kyng Sapmon..With alsmony abill shippes auntrid hym seluyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)124 : He..takis to him tresour..As many Besandis on his bake as he bere miȝt.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)690 : Lo! how the trees grenyth..And, as many as ther been, he forȝetith noon!
- (1465) Lin.DDoc.120/16 : I wol haue cc masses doon and al so many dirigies for my soule.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)97/33 : It happened þat in that yere as many dayes were vnto Paske as is fro þat Sonday.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.42 : He gaf hem stonys i nowhe into the werkys ende, Also mony as they nedid.
b
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)[2.2.] 84b : Loke thanne how many degrees thi rule is araysed fro the litel crois vpon the est lyne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)57/14 : Biholde, douȝtir..wiþ how manye vnnoumberable dyuerse synnes men offenden me.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)5/16 : Þanne schalt þou vmþenke þee how many siþes & how grisly þou hast synned aȝeyns þi Lord.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)488 : And telle of false men..That al hir lyf ne do nat but assayen How many women they may doon a shame.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)110 : How many moodes buther?..Indicatyf, jmperatyf, optatyf, coniunctyf, and infinityf.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)155/1 : Wyth how many herys ye schal angle with for euery fysche.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.309 : Kynge William caused Ynglonde to be describede..how mony fees of knyȝhtes, how mony carucates of londe, how mony men, and how mony bestes were in the seide londe.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)360 : But for yowr croppe I take grett mone..How many acres suppose ȝe here by estymacyon?
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1042 : Whi is deth clepid deth, tel þou me, And how many dethes þat þer be?
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)16/282 : How ofte, how manye tymes, how greeuousli and how greetly..aȝein alle þin heestis..þat I can it not telle ne þinke.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.1.11 : Ȝe been many [L plurimi] as þe sterrys of heuene.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)18/35 : Ye shalle not here prevaille, though ye were ten so many.
4.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.35].
Associated quotations
a
- (1197) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.856 : Johannes Mangeuilain.
- (1229) Pat.R.Hen.III308 : Willelmum Manypeny.
- (c1230) Chart.in Capes Hereford Cath.65 : Ricardus Moniword.
- (1260) Assize R.Yks.in YASRS 44127 : Joan Manievileyn.
- (1295) Let.Bk.Lond.B (Gldh LetBk B)235 : Adam Maniman.
- (1301) Pat.R.Edw.I628 : Richard Manywrench.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3169 : Johannes Meniman.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10110 : Relicta Manynedle.
- (1348-9) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.527 : John Manypeny.
b
- (1101-8) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)148 : Moniax.
- (1248) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)343 : Manitre.
- (1251) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.144 : Menilawe.
- (1275) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)148 : Monyesse.
- (1291) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.102 : Manimanelane.
- (1296) Name in LuSE 357 : Manilawe.
5.
As noun: an indefinitely large number, a multitude: (a) many persons; (b) many a person; (c) with of- phr.; (d) many things or animals; -- also with of- phr.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : And to þam Pentecosten wæs ge sewen..blod weallan of eorþan, swa swa mænige sædan þe hit ge seon sceoldan.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1107 : Manege sædon þet hi..mistlice tacna gesawon.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)225 : Þa wearð þa redlice micel mennisc ȝewexon, and were swiðe manege on yfele awende.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5563 : Heo heom æfter foren and monie [ Otho: many] þer fullen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)27 : Naðeles manie beð get..þe clene ben of synnes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)697 : Monie [L multos] schulen turnen to treowe bileaue þurh hare forbisne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)10/19 : Þer as monie beoð igederet to gederes, þer for anrednesse me schal makie strengðe of annesse of claðes.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1956 : He sat and et wel nobeliche, and manie [Hrl: meni] with him al-so.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3105-6 : Manige ðor sorge on liue bead, And manige weren rewlike dead.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4068 : Manie for-leten godes lage.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1627 : Monye þat in þe place stode, ybaptized þo were ffor miracles þat hi seye.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)165/28 : Hy doþ ham to þolye grat ssarpnesse..ase byeþ manie þet byeþ ine religion.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.20.16 : Many ben clepid, bot few chosun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2360 : Werk nat alwey in euery nede by o conseillour allone, for som tyme bihoueth it to be conseiled by manye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3238 : Manye it hielden for folie.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)50 : In ryot & in rigolage, Spende mony [Bedf: mane] her ȝouþe & her age.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.98 : Bitwene many and many, I make debate ofte.
- c1410 Medit.SSelf (UC 97)442 : How menye as worthi, and by a þousand-foold moore worthy, þan i han be suffred of þee..to lyue in here hethenesse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.352 : Many put her lyues in doute.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.6.7 : For manye han had ful greet renoun by the false opinyoun of the peple.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)373/22 : Manye wolde seye þat pore Lazar stood in greet myserie.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)376/353 : Monie fillin a-swowe, & mony greadde & syȝte.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)431 : Mony in þe myd-ward wer merked to lenge.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12264 : Þai keppit hom in company with knightes enarmit..And Vlixes also with angardly mone.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)104 : Emang þe multitudo of men, quare mane ere togeder.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.40.24b : Oure Lord haþ so kepid þe as He haþ many, of His mercy.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)111b/b : Jt is seid of manye þat þis medicyne heliþ a festre in schort tyme.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)214/33 : And so thou mayste vndyrstonde of manyer, othyr fewere.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8292 : Þus may it not longe be kepte priue Þat is telde to manye, as I seie the.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Moni hit for-let for drihtenes eye, and moni hit forlet for þa reða dome þe þa wes.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)20/180 : Moni for to muchel heard of wa þet he dreheð forȝet ure lauerd.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)199/2 : His leoue licome..wes ispread o rode..þe an fot efter monies wene set up o þe oðer.
- c1390 St.Greg.(Vrn)184/1401 : Monie was glad of þat come.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)209/1791j : Many les þe hede in his Iren hatte.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1120 : On þam fare wurdon adr[u]ncene..swyðe manega of þæs cynges hired, stiwardas, [etc.].
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/17 : Moniȝe ilyfæþ of alle londe on Crist.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)3 : Moni of þan floc manna..nomen heore claþes..and strehiten under þe assa fet.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3309 : Mi fader hauet to monie [ Otho: manie] of idele manne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27960 : And monie of Rom-leoden wolden þat hit swa eoden.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)69/22 : Maniȝe of ȝeu bien swiðe beswikene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)5/27 : Þes mihti maximien luuede an eleusium biuoren monie of his men.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)181 : Þider comen manie of fremede & o kinne.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)877 : Magnie [read: manige] of ðo woren ouer-taken.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)40 : Þo come monye of þe gywes þe lazar ffor to seo.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)29 : Meni of religioun me halt hem ful hene, baroun & bonde, þe clerc & þe knyht.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1523 : Þan meliors mekly hire maydenes dede calle, & many of hire meyne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.999 : The senatour..Rood hym agayns, and many of his lynage.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6470 : Many of his kniȝttes gode Loren þe balles in þe hode.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.391 : My mercy shal be shewed to manye of my bretheren.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)186a/b : Manye of hem weren deliuerde of þe dropesye.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)161/28 : They be sorsseres and inchaunters, many of them.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)846 : Alle þi children sle we shal, And manye of þi kingdom wiþal.
d
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : In mani of þe castles wæron lof & grin.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)536 : Manie & mikle cume ðer secande.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1726 : Sep or got, haswed, arled or grei, Ben don fro iacob fer a-wei, Ðog him boren ðes ones bles Vn-like manige and likeles.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.99 : For to make cryppys..mak a batour; nym wyte grees and do yt in a posnet and cast the batur thereyn and stury to thou have many.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.4.22 : Ȝif aprince synne & do oon of many [L unum e pluribus] by ignoraunce, þat is defended in þe lawe of þe lord.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4001 : Sche fond and gadreth herbes suote, Sche pulleth up som be the rote, And manye with a knyf sche scherth.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.50 : Wrong was aferd þo, & wisdom he souȝte To make his pes with his panis, & profride hym manye.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)814 : Al obout þai smate so fast, Þat mani of þaire wapins brast.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)185/13 : Þere weren jn þat place many a dyuerse thinges [F molt de diuerse chose] And manye dyuerse storyes.
6.
(a) In phrases involving an indefinite number: ~ and fele, a great many; in ~, numerous; in ~ ideled, divided into many kinds; multiplied in ~, multiplied many times over; so ~, such a large number; (b) in phrases indicating a definite number: also ~ as, as many men as; as ~ as, hou ~, whatever number; as ~ of, the same number of; so ~ for so ~, so many on each side.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Monie and feole oðre godere werke.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)91/6 : Þe scorpiun of lecherie..haueð swuche kundles..ase hordom, eaubruche, meidelure, & incest..ðet is i monie [Corp-C: o feole] i deled.
- ?a1300 Thrush & N.(Dgb 86)46 : I take witnesse of monie and fele Þat riche weren of worldes wele.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)78/18 : Nouȝt onlich..oon of Cristes smalle children, but many & fale.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.47 : As the prophetes of Achab wer multiplied in many..so the chirche is cropun now to multitude of cursid men.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)73 : Whi may not we haue lemmanus siþ þe bischop haþ so manye?
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)7/33 : Þat mykil harmes & in manye makiþ weye to yuel ne wil I ȝow graunte, þouȝ ȝee it ȝerne.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)30/1 : Ther they slewe so many of theym within a whyle that all the felde ran of bloode.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 11.8 : He schal rise and ȝyue to hym how manye [WB(2): as many as; L quotquot] he hath nedeful.
- (1444) Paston2.65 : Sealle it also with as many of other seales as ther be jerores.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)516/28 : I warraunte he ys of kyng Bannys blode, whych bene knyghtes of the nobelyst proues in the worlde, for to accompte so many for so many.
- (1471) Paston (Gairdner)5.101 : Ye shall send me..asse mone of my men asse can com well horsyd.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)441 : Þei straught to foote Allso many as his menne mighten areche.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)110/6 : Þa geherde he eft oðerne sang swylce uncuðne manegra þusenda ængla, þuss cweðende, 'Heo eoden togeanes Criste.'
Note: New spelling (gen.pl.)