Middle English Dictionary Entry
lōrd n.
Entry Info
Forms | lōrd n. Also lorde, lorte, lhord, (errors) lor, lorlde & loverd, (early) lovered, lowerd, lhoaverd, hloverd, (errors) lover, lorverde & lard, (early & N) laverd, (early) lavord, lavard, laverred, lavert, laferd, laford, lhaferd, hlaverd, hlavord, hlaford, (error) laver & (early) leverd, læverd, leaverd, leoverð. Pl. lōrdes, etc. & (?error) lōrde & (early) hlāforde(n; pl.gen. lōrdes & lōrden(e & (early) lōverde, lāfordæ, hlāforden. |
Etymology | OE hlāford; some forms influenced by hlǣfdige. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The master of servants or slaves; the head of a household; the lord of a castle; also fig.; lordes chaumbre, the master apartment in a castle; hous ~ [see hous 7. (d)]; (b) an owner of property or things; the master of a horse, dog, hawk, etc.; (c) the host or proprietor of an inn; (d) an employer; a client in a lawsuit; (e) a teacher.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/12 : Eadiȝe beoð þa þeowæs þone þe laford forð cymeð, ȝif he heom wacende imet.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)30/23 : Þa feol ðe þæȝen adun to his lafordes fotum.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)10/34 : Eala, laford moyses, sonæ swa ic þa ȝyrdan nimæn wolde & heom awæȝ aleaden..Ða wurdon heo feringæ all fyrenne.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)538/43 : Paterfamilias: hiredes loverd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)42 : All se iss her bitwenenn þe & tin eorþlike laferrd; Forr all swa summ þu þeowwtesst himm, Swa shall þin sune himm þeowwtenn.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)241 : Nan ne mai twan hlaforde..samod þowie.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)17/6 : Ðas fif wittes..tacniþ ða fif gildenene besantes ðe ðe hlauerd betahte his þralle.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)2/6 : Ȝef þes lauerd [vr. husebonde] wiste..hwenne & hwuch time þe þeof walde cume to his hus, he walde wakien.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)45/20 : Neomeð nu ȝeme of hwucche twa meosters þes twa menestraws seruið hare lauerd [Nero: louerde], þe deouel of helle.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)461/157 : To þe louerd of þat Castel, seint leonard a-niȝht cam.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)25 : Seiȝe me..of þe louerd and of þe hyne al-so..ȝwuch may þe mest guod do?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1388 : Ðis maiden wile ic hauen and to min louerdes bofte bi-crauen.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3329,3330 : Þe porter ysei is louerd come..Wuþ god herte he let is louerd in.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)37/26 : Zuyche byeþ þe greate officials þet byeþ ine þe house of riche men þet..yeueþ largeliche þe guodes of hare lhordes.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.6.5 : Seruauntis, obeysche ȝe to fleishly lordis [L dominis] with drede and tremblyng.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.6.24 : No man may serue to two lordis.
- (1386) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.198 : [A chamber in the castle called] Lordyschambre [is destroyed].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.469 : Livere..lunge..galle..splen..unto the herte ben Servantz, and ech in his office Entendeth to don him service, As he which is chief lord above.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.99 : A lord in his houshold Ne hath nat euery vessel al of gold.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17247 : For to serue lauerds [Göt: lauerdis] tuin, It es vngainand to be-gin.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)502 : My regne..is lyk on hyȝt To a lorde þat hade a uyne.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)812 : Woldez þou go myn ernde To þe heȝ lorde of þis hous, herber to craue?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.795 : I wil condiscende What lyth in me to bringe to an ende Þi lordis wil.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1908 : Madame, God gif, his wil were To wed ȝow and be loverd here.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)3b/b : Condicions which bene required in þe sikeman bene 3: þat he be obedient to þe leche as a seruant to his lord [L domino].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)294/17 : Þere may noone serue two contrarie lordis.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)26 : He is called an euel seruant in þe gospell þat hideth þe besant of his lorte.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2619 : This was in the paleys of Egiste, That in his hous was lord.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)129/22 : Owr Lord..þe Duke of Bedforth, hath sent for þe.
- a1450(?1400) In blossemed buske (Dgb 102)39 : To vertuous lord al worship lys; The trewe seruant is worthy hys mede.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)15/21 : Þe wyntir robe he weriþ in his lordis seruyce.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)65/15 : Grucchyng aȝens man..is schewed..in many wises, as in seruauntes aȝens here lordes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)469/25 : The lorde of that castell..was called sir Bryan.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)279/213 : It xal be do, lord, be þis day.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)214/322 : The lord of that house ye shall fynde A sympyll man of cely kynde.
b
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.61 : Whelpes eten somme of the crommes alle That from hir lordes table been yfalle.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.6.5 : He..shal ȝelde alle þynges hole þat þorw fraude he wolde wiþholde &..þe fifþe part to þe lord [L domino] to whom he dede þe harm.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)143a/b : He [the goshawk] þat is tame takeþ wilde foules and takeþ hem to hire owne lord [L domino].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)601 : Aqueynted am I and pryve With Myrthe, lord of this gardyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5919 : If it so bitide That he wole kepe his hors to ride, Yit is he lord ay of his hors.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.7.43 : Hercules..hath put an unmeke lord foddre to his crwel hors.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.33/13 : Þe clerkes..ben lordes to þe possessions.
c
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)97 : Þe lord of þer inne vnderȝat, þat þis child murninge sat.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)25 : Þe louerd [vr. lord] of þe hous was wel hende.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)937 : The lord of þat ynne Jacob hiȝtte.
d
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.263 : That no werke he vndur take But he conne bothe hyt ende and make, And that hyt be to the lordes profyt also.
- c1430 Const.Masonry(2) (Add 23198)270 : Euery maister of this art schulde be wysse and trewe to the lord that he seruyth.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.103/13 : Þe saide procuratour promised, In the name of his lordis In Juggement, that his lordis þe saide thynges shall kepe.
e
- a1275 Judas (Trin-C B.14.39)20 : Wolte sulle þi louerd þat heite iesus?
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 6.46 : What clepen ȝe me, 'Lord, Lord,' and don not tho thingis that I seye?
2.
(a) A king, emperor, ruler; also, the son of a king, prince; also fig.; ~ king; ~ and governour (sire); lege (sire, soverain) ~; lordes man, an emperor's subject; (b) a king as a feudal lord to whom the subjects owe allegiance; (c) in the titles of sovereigns; (d) the leader of a tribe, people, or band of devils; (e) the chief administrator of a country, governor; also fig.; (f) in proverb.
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Laferd kyng, ic swelte.
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)37/206 : Nu him þenigeð ænglena werod swa-swa hlaforde.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : Te æorl stæl ut & ferde efter Rodbert, eorl of Gloucestre, & brohte him þider..& fuhten suythe on Candel masse dæi agenes heore lauerd.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)231 : Se hlaford into þar halle come mid his dierewurd ȝeferede, mid ærlen and aldren, mid cnihten mid þeinen.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)80 : Nis na lauerd [vrr. hlauord, louerd] swich se is crist, ne king swuch ure drihten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)268 : Þa sende Asscani, þe wes lauerd & dux, after heom ȝend þat lond.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14936 : Hal wrð þu, lauerd [Otho: louerd] king, Bruttene deorling.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)109/19 : Of þis meoster seruið þe unseli ontfule i þe deofles curt, to bringen o lahtre hare ondfule lauerd [Cai: leouerð; Nero: louerd; Recl.: lorde].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)111/13 : Glutun..Kimeð biuoren his lauerd [Cai: lauert] bismuddet & bismulret.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)72/28 : Wolde [ȝ]e nu leden lustin ȝure louird [vr. louerde]..he ȝu wolde wissin.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)8 : He nolde with no man bi-leue bote with on þat were hext louerd ouer alle men.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)607 : Þis [is] ure eir, Þat shal [ben] louerd of denemark.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)621 : Lowerd, we sholen þe wel fede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2514 : Akne to þe king ȝo sede, 'Louerd [B vr. my lord þe] king, washayll!'
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)44/518 : Euerich gode harpour is welcom me to For mi lordes loue, Sir Orfeo.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)289 : Þe couherd comsed to quake..whanne he wist witerly þat he was his lorde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.861 : Ther was a duc that highte Theseus; Of Atthenes he was lord and gouernour.
- (1386) RParl.3.225a : To the..wysest Conseille to owre lige Lorde the Kyng, compleynen..the folk of the Mercerye of London.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.337 : My bulles shewe I alle and some Oure lige lordes seel on my patente.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.722 : Cesar Julius..al..of thorient..al the Marche of thoccident Governeth..As he that was hol lord and Sire.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.918 : I trowe he with vs be, that ilke shrewe! In helle, wher that he is lord and sire, Nis ther moore wo.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1418 : So watz served fele syþe þe sale alle aboute, Wyth solace at þe sere course bifore þe self lorde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5525 : Belus..of Assirie was lord & gouernour.
- (1420) *Doc.in Facs.Nat.MSS 139 : My Souerain lord and fader, I recomande me to yowr good and gracieux lordship.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1413 : Of his fader, whilom kyng and lord, For verray shame he spak not a word.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.889 : Ther shal not oon to mercy gon on-lyve, Al were he lord of worldes twies fyve!
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.2.21 : He [a king] is cast doun with so manye wikkide lordes (that is to seyn, with so manye vices that han so wikkidly lordschipes over hym).
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)57a/b : [The heart] stondeþ as a kynge oþer a lorde in þe mydward off þe breste, and he declineþ not..to no manere partie.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)67 : Thys craft com ynto Englond..Yn tyme of..kynge Adelstonus day..Thys goode lorde loved thys craft ful wel.
- (1427) Proc.Privy C.3.236 : My said lord of Gloucestre agreed him to affermyng hem resonable & juste knowyng þe King for his lige lord.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)272 : That wondirfulle whele wryghte Mase lordis lawe for to lyghte.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Sudden FPD (Trin-C R.3.20)2 : Beholde þis gret prynce Edwarde þe Secounde, Which of diuers landes lord was and kyng.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4569 : Sire Cesar, lord & sire, Had pesed & swaged al þer ire.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1832,1835 : My lord þe prince, knowyth he þe nat?..No man bet, next his fadir, our lord lige.
- ?a1450(?1350-75) Pass.Christi in Norris Anc.Corn.Drama (Bod 791)1681 : Heil, syr lord and emperour.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)170 : Thise foweles..songen alle of oon acord, 'Welcome, somer, oure governour and lord!'
- (1456) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers27 : Wreten..the firste day of..Septembre, the xxxiiijti yere of the Regne of our souerayne lorde, Kynge Henry the sixt.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.81/13 : These þynges were i-doo of þassent of owr lorde Kyng selfe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)24/20 : The people..accordyng unto theire soveraigne lordis desire..made hem redy in all haste.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)116 : His [the French king's] subiecttes yelden to hym more in a yere, than we do to owre soferayn lorde in ij yeres.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)75/347 : My lord, new harme is comyn in hand.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1116 : Cyng Henri fylste..þam eorle Tædbalde de Blais, þe þa wyrre hæfde to geanes his hlaforde, þam cynge of France Loðewis.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2172 : Cume ge..for to spien ur lord ðe king?
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3662 : Cadour, erl of cornwayle..To þe king is louerd wende.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)443 : Sir..my lord þe kyng, I rede þe trauaile to grece noþing.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)811 : Kyng Philippe, þat was his lorde, Girde hym wiþ riche swerde.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2666 : His lorde þe kyng with venym wolde he fede.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.46 : Oure lord, the king, hase send vs hethir.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)15/4 : Woll ye be my good and gracious lord when ye are kyng?
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)512 : Þe Steward..A nobulle lettur..sente..to hys lorde þe kynge.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8478 : Þu hauest iherd mi sær, lauerd [Otho: louerd] Julius Cesar.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26201 : Ah lauerd Arður..ich þe wulle cuðen her riht.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.49 : Listen me, lord Knoute if it be þi wille.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.38/1 : Þere fredoms..þey haue by the charter of worthy remembraunce of lorde John, sumtyme Kyng of Inglonde, our fadur.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)662 : Heo [Trojans] nomen ænne ærendrake..heo senden to heore læuerde [Otho: louerd].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)920 : Brutus, mi lauard [Otho: louerd]..ich eou wlle seggen selast ræden.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3372 : Amalec..welte ðor stone and iaboch, Ðat herdes-folc him louerd toch.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Num.16.13 : Whethir is it litil to thee, that thou leddist vs out of the lond..to sle vs in the deseert, no but also thou be lord of vs?
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)25 : They [devils] wold make hit a lord among tham and..wyrschip and honour hym and be rewlid and gouernde be my seyd saule.
e
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2272 : Al ðo briðere..Fellen bi-forn ðat louerd is fot.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5102 : Als pharaon fader he has me made, And lauerd of all his landes brade.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)31/13 : When þe resoun on þis maner folewiþ þe wille of þis kyng [God], þen is resoun fre & lord.
f
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.186 : A prouerbe is of olde was wysemen kend, That wronge lawes make euer shorte lordes.
3.
(a) A feudal lord; ~ of the fe; lordes rente, feudal rent; (b) in one of the titles in the style of the English king: ~ of (on) ir-lond.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Ic wille..þet whilc man swa haued behaten to faren to Rome, and he ne muge hit forðian, ouðer for untrumnisse, ouðer for lauerdes neode..cume to þet mynstre on Medeshamstede.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1104 : Þa heafod men þær on lande hi under fengon, & on heora hlafordes þæs eorles swicdome into heora castelan ge logodan.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14703 : Ȝiff þu takesst bisne att himm [Abraham]..To wurrþenn herrsumm to þin prest & till þin tuness laferrd, [etc.].
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)179 : Ðe underlinges..unneðes..winnen giet here louerdes rihttes.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)398 : His manrede Þu schalt fonge..Þat he þe bere al þe helde Þat man schal to his louerd ȝelde.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.107 : Non ne shal haue power to ȝiue rentes ne to resceyue bot..he be comen of grete kynde oiþer þat he be in grete lordes seruise.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.47 : Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.1912 : His fader was a man ful free, And lord he was of that contree.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1391 : Here faste by..is myn entente To ryden for to reysen vp a rente That longeth to my lordes duetee.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2201 : Ȝyf a lorde of a tounne Robbe hys men oute of resoune, Þogh hyt be yn bondage, Aȝens ryȝt he doþe outrage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29388 : Þe sext [case] es thrale on ani wise Dos for to sle his louerd seruise.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.73 : The most needy aren oure neighebores..As prisones..and poure folke..Charged with children and chef lordes rente.
- (1408) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.1373 : I woll that my feoffees..make an estate of the said tenement..to John Rodenhurst; To haue and to holde..to his heires and his assignes for euermore, of the cheef lord of that fee.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1054 : Vnder him þou holdyst þis cyte, I vnderstonde; þi lord is he.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)154a/a : I..in þe cure of sire ludouyk of vrisiak, lord or keper of viennya..wolde putte a cauterie.
- (1433) RParl.4.447b : Please hit to youre rightwisnesse..to ordine..yat youre Jugges have power to heve Jugement upon hym..Savyng allwey to the Lord of the Fee, eschetes of his landes.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)770 : I have ever yit Be tributarye..To Love..Al this I putte in his servage, As to my lord, and dide homage.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)185 : Where es þe londe and the lythe þat þou arte lorde ouer?
- c1460 Oseney Reg.151/31,32 : Was þis couenaunt i-made Bitwene..lordes of þe towne of litull Tywe and oþer ffre tenauntes..and John of pratell, lorde of more tywe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)21/21 : There was sente unto them two knyghtes of worshyp; that one hyght Lyonses, lorde of the contrey of [P]ayarne.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.46a : That..the Lordes Rent of all the Londes and Tenementes that late were Richard Kyghley..be as good..unto the heires of the said Alianore.
b
- (1258) Procl.Hen.III in PST (1881)*173 : Henri, þurȝ Godes fultume king on Engleneloande, Lhoauerd on Yrloand..sende igretinge to alle his holde, ilerde and ileawede.
- (1420) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.298 : Henry, by þe grace of god, kyng of England, heire and Regent of þe Rewme of France and lorde of Irlande.
- (1446-7) Doc.in Leach Educ.Chart.416 : Henri, by the grace of God, King of Engelande and of Fraunce and Lorde of Irlande, To oure Chaunceller of Engelande greting.
- (1465) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.116 : Edward..King of Englond and of Fraunce and lord of Irland to all Shirrifs, Maires..greting.
- a1600(1472) Rec.Bluemantle (Jul C.6)384 : Charles..sent..the lord Gruthuse to..the King, Edward the iiijte by ye grace of God of Englond & of Fraunce & lorde of Ireland.
4.
(a) A person of high rank or social position; a nobleman; ?also, the son of a nobleman; ~ and ladie; ~ and page, the high and the lowly people, all and every; (b) a noble warrior, knight; (c) a leader of a group of knights; a military leader or commander.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)959 : Ich fleo bihinde bure..Þar lauerd liggeþ & lauedi.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.158 : Þe grete lordes of þe werlde taken wiþ strengþe þere þat þai shulden nouȝth taken.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)123 : Þe kinges furst child was fostered..& had lordes & ladies it louely to kepe.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3381 : Balthasar..A feste he made vn to hise lordes alle.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.580 : Ther were a dozeyne..Worthy to been stywardes of rente and lond Of any lord that is in Engelond.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.91 : This straunge knyght..Salueth kyng and queene and lordes alle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)173a/b : Inglond..hiȝt some tyme Albion..lordes and noble men of troye aftir þat troye was destroied went þennes.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)98/27 : Þe defendoures..ben þise grete Lordes, þat schulden defende þe commune poeple.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.101 : Rede me not..no reuþe to haue Til lordis & ladies louen alle treuþe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1375 : Kynges, cayseres ful kene, to þe cort wonnen, Mony ludisch lordes þat ladies broȝten.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.73 : Sopers and here sones for seluer han be knyghtes, And lordene sones here laborers.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1376 : Herode..ordand all þat land thurgh outte..All þe childyr of twa ȝere..Lordys or lauedys, what ouer þai wore, Sla þam all don infere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.196 : Clerkis..for her writing trewe..cherisched werne of lordes.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)4270 : Þat mi sons sold be na bastardes, Bot haue þi landes and be grete lardes.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6851 : I wole not stynten..These emperoures for to shryve, Or kyngis, dukis, and lordis grete.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)p.262 : The prentes schulde be of gentyl kynde, And so sumtyme grete lordys blod.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.501 : Eualach..Clepeth forth lord, dwk, Erl, and bachelere.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)43.408 : To helle they fallen Adown, alle swich peple..hem delyten In wordly thinges here..boþe lord and page.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1711 : Þe lordus of þe reme token hem to rede To make hurre quene þat holy mayde.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)206 : Crye..On Eolus, the god of wyndes, To blowen oute..So lowde that he shulde drenche Lord and lady, grom and wenche, Of al the Troian nacion.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1356 : Persones and prestis..liggen at London in lorden courtz.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)712/21 : Thos traytours..had dryvyn all the lordis of his bloode frome hym [the king].
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)166/98 : Four Barons ther gunne goo, Wheche were gret lordis [Suth: Lordynges] thoo..pollex..Castor..Talamon..Nestor.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)16/22 : Ther was he sworne unto his lordes and the comyns for to be a true kyng.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)474 : Þe emperour of rome, whanne he made his prestis lordis, he amendide þe apostlis staat ouer þe ordenaunse of crist.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)460 : Grete lordes wer serued a-ryght, Duke, erle, baron, and kynȝth.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)450 : Muche folke wisshen hertely to be alorde For grete plente, worship, & reuerence.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)782/13 : A duke..a baron..a knygte..a squyer..dominus: al maner lordes.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1302 : Alle þe douȝthi lordes of þe dukis were take.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2321 : Now habbeþ þes frensche lordes stoute conquered þe stronge tour.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2153 : An hundred lordes hadde he [King Lygurge] in his route, Armed ful wel with hertes sterne and stoute.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2501 : Gold hewen helmes, hauberkes, cote armures, Lordes in parementz on hir coursers.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1596 : Alisaunder, Parys, and his brother Troile Slowȝ grete lordes [Arms: knyȝtis].
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)36 : Ilke a lorde, with owttyne lett, At his triste was he sett.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)279 : Es noghte a lorde in þat lande appone lyfe leuede.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2294 : Harawdez..at heste of the lordes Hunttes vpe the haythemen.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2296 : We ben betrayed and jnome! As armes, lordes [vr. lordynges], all and some!
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2759 : His broðren hine cleopeden heora lauerd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30700 : His cnihten..weoren his iueren, swulc heo chapmen weoren..heo scupten heore lauerde [Otho: louerd] ænne nome neowe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3404-5 : Þe burnes of spayne þouȝt manli make wreche, here lorlde to queme; for swiche a lorld of lederes ne liued nouȝt..non so douȝti of dedus.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.816 : This lord..To ech of hem yaf thanne a yifte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3378 : Þis Parys..as lord and gouernour Of þis viage made by Priamus, And his broþer..leue toke.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.985 : Þe duke..With þre þousand knyȝtes..Of whiche he was boþe lord & guyde, Þe feld hath taken.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1060 : Who hadde joye thanne but his [Aeneas'] meyne, That hadde founde here lord, here governour?
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)180/730b : Eueri man forthe þey shove, ffor Alisaunder, hir lordis love.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)184/895c : The lorde parpadode..ffourty sheppis..brought on hye.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)629 : Ciliarcha: a lord of thowsond knygtes.
5.
Specif. an English nobleman: (a) a peer in the House of Lords; a nobleman who is a member of the Privy Council; lordes spiritual (temporal), the bishops and mitred abbots (the lay peers) in this body; ~ appellaunt, one of the English peers who charged others with high treason under Richard II; (b) an appellation for a nobleman of the rank of duke, marquis, earl, or knight; mi ~; (c) one who presides at a judicial session; a judge in civil or ecclesiastical courts; ~ juge; (d) in official titles: ~ chaunceler, the Lord Chancellor of England; ~ marcher(e, an English nobleman holding land in the Welsh Marches.
Associated quotations
a
- (1399) RParl.3.451b : The Kyng..dyd come thos same Lordes Appellantz..to telle hym the Sothe..The Kyng and his Temporell Lordes thoght, that this Appel and the matere contened therin was so grete, [etc.]..The Kyng comond wyth his Spirituel Lordes of this same matere.
- (1419) Proc.Privy C.2.260 : In the last parlement be the avys of my lord of Bedford and alle the lordes espiritualx and temperalx, it thowght unto them, [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)3/9 : Wolde god þat the temporel lordes & all worldly lordes were at gode acord, & with the comoun peple wolden taken this holy viage.
- (1429) RParl.4.342a : We..be assent of the Lordes Spirituell and Temporell, in yis present Parlement graunte to yow our sayd Lord ye Kyng..a Subsidie of xxxiii s. iiii d.
- (1429) RParl.4.344b : None of the seide Lordes of the Kynges Counseill shal receyve..any yeft of gode..for to favour or forther any matier to be demened in the same Counseill.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)52 : With such hyh wordes off manace, his [the king's] wille and purpos was obeyed and perfourmyd, as wele off lordes as off comoners.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)59 : Thes Lordes appellauntes..excused hem in ffull parlement.
- (1436) Doc.Trade in BRS 766 : The whiche godes the lordes of the Kynges counsell have made to be restored unto certeyn procuratours.
- (1444) Paston2.62 : He hath spoke to the Lordes of the Conseill.
- (1444) RParl.5.113b : Prayen the Commons, that it please the Kyng..withe the assent of the Lordes Spirituell and Temporell, in this present Parlement assembled..to ordeigne and establyssh, [etc.].
- -?-(a1461) Doc.in HMC Rep.3 App.279b : He, by the comaundement of the kynge and by thavice of alle the lordes spirituall and temperall well instructe..toke upon him with other notable ambassades to goo in to Normandie.
- (1461) RParl.5.476a : My Lord Chaunceller remembred unto the Lordes Spirituelx and Temporelx..howe yesterday they had herde what was..declared..by the seid Sergeauntz.
b
- (1419) Proc.Privy C.2.260 : Be the avys of my lord of Bedford and alle the lordes..it thowght unto them yt, [etc.].
- (1423) Pet.Sutton in Fenland NQ 7307 : To owre Worshipfull and graciouse lord Erle of Suffolk..Besechys mekely the pore tenauntry of the Duchie of Lancastre.
- (1427) Reg.Langley in Sur.Soc.16962 : I Elizabeth, lady of Ravenswath, late the wyf of the Lord FitzHugh..devyse and ordeyne my testament.
- (1429) RParl.4.343b : Yat yan ye seide Lordes, procede noght therin, withoute thavys of my Lorde of Bedford..or be my Lorde of Gloucester.
- (1438) EEWills110/17 : Item, to my saide lord seruantes of his stable, x mark.
- (c1447) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35261 : To our ryght gracious and noble lord, Lord William, þe markis of Suffolk.
- (1450) Paston2.161 : This..Moneday goth my Lord Chaunceller and my Lord of Buk into Kent.
- (1453) RParl.5.266b : If such persone bee of the estate of a Lord, as Duc, Marques, Erle, Viscount, or Baron, leese and forfaite all offices.
- (1455) RParl.5.329b : Provided..that this Act or Peticion..extende not..unto th'eires of the bodies of William Philip Knyght, late Lord Bardolf and of..his Wif.
- (1455) RParl.5.332b : Mony..Riotes..Robberyes..have ben doon..betwene..Erle of Devonshire, his servauntes and adheraunts..and William Bonvyle Knyght, Lord Bonevile, his servauntes and adheraunts.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57151 : Item, the same tyme my mastyr delyveryd to my lord a sygnet off goold, pryse xx s.
c
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.355 : At sessions ther he was lord and sire.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.24 : Þe Iustices..Buski[de] hem to þe bour..Þanne lauȝte hy leue, þise lordis [vr. lordynges] at mede.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)716 : Gamelyn came wel redy to þe nexte schire, And þer was his broþer boþe lord and sire.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.200/24 : Afore yow, lorde Jugge, seyn and purposyn þabbot and couent of Oseney agaynste Symonde..þat..þey were in possession, [etc.].
- c1460 Oseney Reg.206/24 : A strife was i-mevyd, by the popys auctorite, afore the lordys Deene and chaunceler of Sarisbury.
d
- (1444) RParl.5.102b : My saide Lord Chaunceller..made a certeyn declaration.
- (1449) RParl.5.155a : Purveid..that the Lordes Marchiers..have the forfaitour therof.
- (1464) RParl.5.514a : Savyng to the Lordes Marchiers and their Heires, and to every of theym, their right, title, and interest that of right belongeth, or in any wise shuld owe to belonge, to theym.
6.
(a) An appellation for saints; also in oaths; (b) an appellation for the pope; (c) in titles of, or as terms of address for, cardinals, archbishops, bishops, etc.; ~ abbot (bishop, cardinal, etc.); mi ~ of canterburi (london, etc.); (d) a term of respect for a monk; mi ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)6 : Þe louerd seinte paul seiþ Ine þe halie pistel þet, [etc.].
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)151 : Anfald oðer twafald is ech mon þet kimed [?read: kunneð] þe lauerd saint Iame and seið, [etc.].
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)7 : Þe lauerd sainte powel..is heued lorðeau of alle holie chirechen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)31 : Gode tiðinge and murie to heren us telleð þe louerd sente lucas.
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)337 : Yborit werin ut þe he[y]en of þe louerld [read: louerd] S. blase.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)14/30 : Mi lhord sanyn Ion ine..þe apocalipse zuo zayþ þet he yseȝ a best, [etc.].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4264 : By that lord that called is seint Iame As I haue thries..Swyued the milleris doghter.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1417 : Of vs chapmen..by that lord that clepid is seint Yue, Scarsly amonges twelue ten shul thryue Continuelly.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.312 : By that lord that called is seint Iame, Thou shalt noght bothe..Be maister of my body and of my good.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)2b/a : Y, Guydo de Caulhiaco..leche & chapelane & commensale of our lorde þe pope, y haue seen many worchingez.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.72/22 : We, to þe which our lorde pope, Celestine þe iij, this cause committid to be herde..þis forsaide composicion..conferme hit.
c
- (1398) Doc.in Sur.Soc.45316 : Y..by for yow..worsshepful fader in God, and lord, Richard, by the grace of God, erche bysshop of York..in youre holy handes make avowe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)171b/b : Of þis bene þe trociscus made suspecte which þe lord and bisshop [*Ch.(2): þe lord bisshop of] Rigenser counseiled to þe lord and bisshop of Marsilienser.
- (1425) RParl.4.298a : We decree..yat my said Lord of Wynchestre..say and declare in maner and fourme yat foloweth.
- (1426) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)341 : Al my lond and rente I wul that my wif..have terme of hir lyf and after to dispose therof after the discrecion of my lord of Canterbury.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)59/23 : Þan was þe mater put in my Lord of Norwych, Alnewyk.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)133/33 : Sche seyde to þe Erchebischop, 'My Lord..ȝyf it lyke ȝow, I wyl gon ageyn to hir.'
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 776 : To the right reverent fader in god, full noble and gracious lord, the bisshop of Bathe and of Welles..Besechen..Richard May..and Henr' May..that it please your gode grace tendirly to considre þe grete trouth, [etc.].
- (?1450) Doc.Trade in BRS 792 : To the reverent fader in god, my lorde Cardynall and Chaunceller of Ingelond, Besechith..youre pore Orature, John..that, [etc.].
- c1460 Oseney Reg.55/25-6 : A plee betwene þe lorde Abbot and Couent of Enysham of þe oon partye, and lorde Richard, Abbot, and Couent of Oseney of þe oþer partie.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.109/22 : This my ȝifte..I maade hit in þe presente of lorde John of Constances, Archedecun.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)230 : The mater was put to my Lorde of London.
- c1525 Rule & T.St.Francis(2) (Fst D.4)565 : They brynge hym and present to the lord Hostience.
d
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.172 : This lord [vr. monke] was kepere of the celle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3114 : My lord the monk..be myrie of cheere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1502 : In al the hous ther nas so litel a knaue..That my lord daun Iohn was come agayn.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.202/16 : In the plee þat ys bytwene þe lordys Abbot and Couent of Oseney..and me, of þe other.
7a.
(a) God; the Trinity; the God of the Old Testament; of oure lordes grace, by the help of God; under oure ~, in the world; (b) ~ drihten, ~ god (almighti(n, ~ mighti, ~ almighti god; ~ of heven (al, might, pes); almightin (god, heigh, heighest, heven, hevenli, livinge, mighti) ~; alre lorde(n ~, ~ of kinges (lordes, lordinges), ~ over lordes; etc.; (c) Christ; the Christ child; (d) ~ crist (god, jesu), ~ jesu crist, ~ crist god; ~ of heven (lif); almighti (blessed, dere-worthe, glorious, hevenli, holi, livinge, milceful, swete) ~; ~ of (over) lordes, ~ over al; alre mightene ~; etc.; (e) bodi of oure ~ (iesu crist, the Communion bread; lordes bord [see bord 5. (a)]; lordes dai, Sunday; lordes soper, the Holy Communion; (f) after oure lordes birth time [cp. birth(e 7. (e)], the yere of oure ~ (god, jesu crist, the year of our Lord, A.D.; the yere of the incarnacioun of oure ~ [see incarnacioun 1. (b)].
Associated quotations
a
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)59/80 : Lauerd he is icleped mid rihte.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.Creed (Trin-C B.14.52)17 : Clense me, leuerd, of mine synnes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2467 : Te engles..biburieden hit i þe munt of Synai, þer Moyses fatte þe lahe et ure lauerd.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)101/17 : Bi þis wildernesse wende ure lauerdes [Nero: louerdes; Recl.: lordes] folc.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)156/28 : Þes gasteliche iudas biȝet of iacob his feader þet is ure lauerd [Cai: leauerd; Nero: louerd] to beon his rihthondes sune.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)84/9 : Wel is us mi louerd, uor þe dawes þet tu lowudest us mide oþre monnes wouhwes.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3598 : Þencheþ of þe nede of þe lond & of vre louerdes miȝte.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2217 : Þei alle þe kniȝtes vnder our lord Hadde ysiten at þat bord..Þe table no miȝt nouȝt fulfille, Til he wer born.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)6/22 : Huo þet zuereþ wiþ-oute skele þane name of oure lhorde and uor naȝt, [etc.].
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.37 : Seint Iohan seiȝ on þe riȝth half of þe lorde vpon þe throne a book.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)1.2 : Hijs wylle was in þe wylle of oure Lord.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1174 : Lord, he is my lege man.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.10.17 : Þe lord [L Dominus] oure god, he ys god of goddys.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2293 : Oure lord hadde creat Adam, oure forme fader.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)164a/b : The hilles of bethel ben in þe Iuery nyȝe to Ierusalem, where þe howsse of oure lorde was ybeldyde in Salamons tyme.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)982 : Ne þou shalt swere vnwurschyply, By oure lorde, ne by oure lady.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25407 : To þe i cri..An-fald godd i cal in thre, Lauerd [Frf: lorde] loued in trinite.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.157 : For-þi is loue leder of þe [C: oure] lordes folke of heuene And a mene..bitwene þe kyng and þe comune.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1862 : To the Lord right thus I speke..'Thow oon, and two, and thre, eterne on lyve, That regnest ay in thre.'
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)193 : In oure Lord be mery and gladde.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)2/28 : We aske þe, lauerd..Wha in þi tabernakil sal wne.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.40 : Lord! sprynge þou me wiþ isope.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)3304 : It happed þat nyth of oure Lordis grase, Norbert in þe myddis of hem..Went forth.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2254 : Þai tak gude rewarde..Þat noder on be spede ne oþer sparde For no ponte þat men may pruefe, Bot anely for our lordes lufe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)77/143 : Blysse oure lord All þat oure lordys servauntys be.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.7.5a : Be ȝie fulfilled of þe Holi Gost..singende and spalminde in ȝiore hertes to Oure Lord.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)27 : Lord, have mercy vpon me, the moost wikid synner of all the world.
- a1500 Earth(3) (Hrl 4486)14/33 : Lorde [vr. Lord God] that madyst for erthe..Lett neuer this erthe for this erthe in myschyffe spylle.
b
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1124 : Ure Laford God ælmihtig..eall digelnesse seð & wat.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)1/5 : God..is ealra kingene kingc & ealra hlaforde hlaford.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)78/16 : He ane is God & allre kynges kyng, & alre lafordæ laford.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11391 : Þe birrþe biforr þin Laferrd Godd Cneolenn meoclike & lutenn.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)219 : Heo is alra kingene king and alra hlaforden hlaford.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : Þes king is ure hlaford almihti god, þe is king ofer alle kingen and hlaford ofer alle hlaforden..hlaford of mihte þe alste hefenen þrimsettles.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)241 : Þis corn com ferst inne bethleem..hit was ibroht up into heofene to þes hahes hlafordes borde.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)121 : Ure drihten..is alre louerde louerd.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)7/7 : Ic am swiðe forȝelt aȝeanes mine laferde god almihtin.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)3/17 : Heo as þeo þet te hehe heouenliche lauerd [vr. feder] hefde his luue ilenet, [etc.].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)228 : Þes heouenliche lauerd luueð treowe bileaue.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)4/10,24 : Lusten..hu ha schulen luuien þe liuiende lauerd..þe heouenliche lauerd.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Nero A.14)200 : Iesu..Let me beon þi leofmon and ler me for to louien þe liuiinde louerd.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)170 : Te deuel..wið al mankin..haueð nið & win, wat if he leue haue of ure heuen louerd for to deren us.
- a1300 Louerd godd in hondes (Arun 292)39 : Louerd godd, in hondes tine I bequeðe soule mine.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(LdMisc 108)223 : Seint Cristofre þene hexte louerd [Corp-C: God] at þe laste of-souȝte.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)30 : Almigtin louerd, hegest kinge Ðu giue me seli timinge To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)1 : Heȝe Louerd, þou here my bone, þat madest middelert ant mone.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.10.17 : Þe lord oure god..ys god of goddys & lord of lordyngys [WB(2): Lord of lordis; L Dominus dominantium].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2596 : The sciences and the iugementz of oure lord god almyghty been ful depe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)16a/b : Dominaciones..turneþ not a wey þe siȝt of here inwitt from him þat is lord of al.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5753 : Þan cald on him [Moses] our lauerd dright.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6281 : Þus him wreked, þe lauerd [Trin-C: lord; Frf: lorde] o might.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)27/17 : Þis bok is þe harpe and þe sauterry of ten strynges þat Dauid biddeþ vs synge inne to oure Lord God.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 216 : I, John Cheyne, fals and Traitour to my lord god..make and ordene my testament.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1483 : For þe mordre of Agamenoun, Þe myȝti Lord, whiche is most souereyn God, Made..Ȝonge Horrestes..Texecute his dome of riȝtwisnesse.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.30 : There halt the lord of kynges the septre of his myght.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/40 : Loke þat þin herte in hevyn toure be sett to serve oure lord god.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)50/242 : Gramercy, lord ouer lordys all.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)340 : Owre Lord of Heuyn hath grant þi lyffe.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)175 : I shal avay ȝow..of vertues his, Þat ȝe may leve upon longe þat he is lord myȝty.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)8270 : Dere god, as thou arte lorde off peas, Shall neuer this grette sorowe seas?
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)2093 : But the wey thedyrward to holde be we lothe, That oft sythe causeth the good Lorde to be wrothe.
c
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)138 : Þonkeþ þet lauerd þet his icume fram heuene to eorþe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17889 : Þe Laverrd Inntill þe land off Galile..he comm.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)235 : Þe halie witiȝe..bodeden ures hlafordes to-cyme, ses helendes ihesu cristes.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)187 : Vre alre lauerd [vrr. hlauerd, louerd] for his þrelles ipined wes a rode.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)61/20 : Hwa se gruccheð, ha offreð ȝet ure lauerd [Nero: louerde; Recl.: lorde] þis luðere pitance as duden þa þe giws.
- a1250 Creed (Blick 6864)p.276 : Ich geleue..on halende crist, his anliche sune, ure lhaferd.
- a1275 Judas (Trin-C B.14.39)1 : Hit wes up-on a scereþorsday þat vre louerd aros.
- ?c1250 Ar ne kuthe (Gldh)8 : Iesu crist, sod god, sod man, louerd, thu rew vpon me.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/43 : Offre we Gostliche to ure lorde þet i offrede flesliche.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)217/103 : Þis was þe commencement of þo miracles of ure loruerde þet he made flesliche in erþe.
- a1300 Loke to þi louerd (StJ-C A.15)1 : Loke to þi louerd, man, þar hanget he a rode.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)6 : Marie Magdaleyne þer wosh oure lordes ffet.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)109/10 : Zayþ oure lhord in his spelle þet godes riche is ase on tresor in þe uelde yhed.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1177 : A, mynde on me, lord, for þi moder loue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)190 : Magdalen..Com for to was our lorde [Göt: lauerdes; Trin-C: lordis; Frf: cristes] fete.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.89 : Whoso is trewe of his tunge..is..lyk to oure lord be seint lukis wordis.
- c1400 Prep.Euch.(Ashm 1286)125/20 : Þou art a sooþfaste leche, lord.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1245 : Qwhare ys þat lord in lede Þat hys now borne & jewes kyng?
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)87/400 : Jesu..to þe i calle..This sorowe, lorde, þat i am ine..es for my syne.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Mercy es maste (Cmb Dd.5.64)17 : Lorde and Keyng, I pray þe, Jhesu, be my frende.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)150/141 : Now fare wel, lorde of grett pouste.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.53 : Origenes..made theyme bolde to suffre dethe for the luffe off theire Lorde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)156/521 : We loue the, lord of towne and towre, holly in fere.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.186 : Forr an godnesse uss hafeþþ don Þe Laferrd Crist onn erþe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.285 : Þe Laferrd Jesu Crist..Wiþþ Faderr & wiþþ Haliȝ Gast..wiþþ alle mihhte O mannkinn þurrh himm sellfenn þa Seffne godnessess shæwenn.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)243 : Ure laford ihesu crist..seið Sine me nichil potestis facere.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)43 : Clupe we to ure louerd ihesu crist þus seggende..On diepe wosiðes ich clupe to þe, hlouerd, hlouerd, her mine stefne.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)115 : He þe is alre mihtene louerd, he is alre blissene king.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)7/32 : Bidde we alle ure lauerd Crist..ðat he us ȝiue mihte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)61/652 : [N]e forleaf þu me nawt nu i þis nede, lauerd of liue.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)633 : Crist..þu..elnedest ham swa, þet ham wes eð to drehen..for þi deore luue, deorewurðe lauerd.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2151 : Þe is ileuet todei..for a mon of lam, þe þe is lauerd of lif.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)12/28 : Heouenliche lauerd, þin nome beo iblescet.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)20/1 : Ne forlet tu me nawt; liuiende lauerd.
- a1250 Lofsong Louerde (Nero A.14)217 : Milzfule louerd, haue merci of me.
- a1275 Louerd crist þou (Trin-C B.14.39)1 : Louerd crist, þou hauest us boust.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)91 : Ihesu welcomen þou be..Þou art louerd [vr. lord] ouer al.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)145 : Uuelcome, louerd [vr. lord] god in londe, Godes sone and godes sonde.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1818 : Þis was endleue hondret ȝer and sixti ȝer and tene After þat ore swete louerd In is moder aliȝte.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)3 : Huy ore louerd iesu crist to strongue deþe brouȝte.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of ihu (Hrl 913)27 : Louerde Crist, þou red vs rede, And of vs þou hab mercie.
- ?c1350 Swete ihu cryst (BodLtrg 104)22 : At midday was ihesus crist ynailed to þe rode..Þe holi louird..þer buiȝt houre sinnes alle.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.191 : Almyghty lord, o, Iesu Crist..Sowere of chaast conseil.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.17.14 : The lomb..is Lord of lordis, and kyng of kyngis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Jude 1.4 : Summen priuyli entriden..vnpitous men..denyinge the aloone lordschiper and oure Lord Jhesu Crist.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2610 : Thow hast doon synne agayn oure lord Crist.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)326b/b : The nombre of ten..is worþy to presente..oure lord Crist god, þat is, Alpha & oo.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)2/35 : Þat lord of heuyn mot Edward lede And maintene him.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)6 : Oure swete Lord Iesu Crist is, as it were, þoru violence drawen in-to a louynge soule.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)181 : [Be] bayne [to] my bone, blessed lord, To stire Nero with noye.
- ?a1450(?c1400) Wycl.LFCatech.(Lamb 408)16/280 : Oure lord iesu was conseyuyd of þe holy gost.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)150/111 : Heyl, lord ouer lordys, þat lyggyst ful lowe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)356/28 : We slew hym that..seyde he was..lord ouer all.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)357/72 : Gloryous lord..me longith to youre presense.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)151 : Þis Emperoure is oure lorde Ihesu Criste.
e
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.DD (Lamb 487)41 : Sunedei is ihaten þes lauerdes dei.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)40/33 : Sacrilege is huanne me..draȝþ uoulliche þet bodi of oure lhorde..ereges..uor to wynne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)235/19 : Clerkes y-hoded..handleþ..þe þinges þet byeþ y-halȝed ase þe uesseles y-blissed, þe chalis..and..þet bodi of oure lorde Iesu crist.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.11.20 : Ȝou comynge to gidere into oon, now it is not for to ete the Lordis sopere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)125b/a : Þe firste day hatte dies cominica, þe lordis day, & sonne day also.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)1 Cor.11.20 : It falleþ noȝt for ȝow to eten oure Lordes soper.
f
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)456/2 : Seinte leonard..a-londe eode her After ore louerdes buyrtyme a-boute fif hundred ȝer.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.89 : Yis fraternite is founden..in ye ȝere of houre louerde a Thousande yre hundred sixti and seuene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)335b/b : Þise translaciouns I endede at Berkeleye..The ȝere of oure lorde a thousande þre hundred foure score and eiȝtetene.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 216 : In þe feste of all halowen þe ȝer of our lord ihu crist a thousand foure hundred & thretyne I..make..my testament.
- (1431) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)193 : Þe Fyrst daye off Juyll Inne..þe yer off owr lord God ml iiijc xxxj Was þe Fyrst Feste made Inne owr Fayr Halle.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.1.7 : The yeer of oure Lord 1391, the 12 day of March at midday, I wolde knowe the degre of the sonne.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4919 : I wille yt there be wretyn..the day and the yeer of oure lord of my departyng from this wourld.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)23 : I..in the monythe of may..the ȝeere of our lorde god a Mlcccclxv..was smyton with the plage of pestylence.
7b.
In pious ejaculations and expressions of submission to God's authority, trust in God's power, etc.: (a) blessed be the name of oure ~; thanked be oure ~, thankinge to oure ~ god, thank God; (b) oure ~ foryelde, oure ~ mot yelden, may our Lord reward (you); oure ~ helpe, may God help (sb.); mi ~ god shal kepen, God keep (you); our ~ oure lives save, God save us; ~ grace sende, God help (sb.); oure ~ yeve joi, may the Lord give (sb.) joy; (c) ~ forbede, God forbid; (d) if oure ~ wil, if the ~ shal willen, if it were thi lordes wil, if it be God's wish, if God wish; as oure ~ wolde, as God would have it; (e) oure ~ me lete ibiden the dai, may God let me live to see the day (that I can do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2190 : Right so as oure lord hath wold, right so it is doon, yblessed be the name of oure lord.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2118 : Sith Elye was..Han freres been..In charitee, ythanked be oure lord.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)335b/b : Endeles grace, blisse, and þonkynge to oure lord god all weldynge.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)876 : Mi loueli swete lemman, oure lord ȝif þe ioye!
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1547 : Loueliche lemman, oure lord mot þe ȝeld þat þi worþi wille was to come to me nouþe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1801 : A! my loueliche lemman, our lord now vs help..& wisse vs in what wise to winne vs sum mete.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2225 : Our lord..oure liues now saue for i no wot..where we mowe vs hide.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.260 : Þise arn profitable wordis; Þis is a louely lessoun, lord [vrr. oure lorde; crist] it þe forȝelde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.502 : Now, Lord me grace sende, That I may fynden..Criseyde comen!
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)161/300 : Whether þat ȝe be wakyn or slepe, My lorde god xall yow keppe.
c
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.111 : Ȝe, lorde..lorde forbede elles! But I be holely at ȝowre heste lat hange me sone!
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)357 : Ȝif our lord wol þat i liif haue, sche ne schal nouȝt tyne hire trauayle.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Jas.4.15 : If the Lord shal wole, and if we shulen lyue, we shulen do this thing or that thing.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)3/17 : Þou woldest, if it were þi Lordis wille, hertily vndirstonde þat þou preiest with mouþ.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)71 : With mychel langour atte laste, as our lord wolde, Alle was born..to Burdewes hauene.
e
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)175 : Vre louerd [vr. God] me lete ibide þe day þat ihc hit þe ȝulde may.
7c.
(a) In not so pious interjections or exclamations: ~ crist (god); ha (o) ~; (b) in oaths, asseverations, invocations: bi that ~ that for us bledde (that made me), etc.; for the lordes love of heven, for love that ye oue to the ~, in oure lordes love; so me helpe the ~, so help me God!
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.61 : Loverd, wo schal him be bigon, Þathaþ þeroffe þe tenþe del.
- c1390 Off alle floures (Vrn)72 : Lor [?read: Lord] God, þat I loue hire wel!
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)345 : Whan Adam sauȝ hym [Christ] comen, lord, þat he was glade!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.811 : Lord Crist..how may this world endure So ful of synne is many a creature?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.840 : O lord..if so were that I myghte Haue al this tresor..Ther is no man..that sholde lyue so myrie as I.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1146 : Ha lord, hou sche is softe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4325 : Lord! what shal swych men seye yn þat poynt when þey shul deye?
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)5571 : Kyng pharao..lorde, he was wicked & wod Aȝeyn þat folke.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)298/5 : O lord, whi is it so greet difference bitwixe a cirurgian & a phisician?
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1149 : Lorde, much of mirþe watz þat ho made Among her ferez.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)356 : Lord..what spirit shulde move þis pope to feyne sich asoilinge..fro peyne and fro synne?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.877 : Whan that Pandare herde hire name nevene, Lord, he was glad.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5882 : Lord! the Ioye that thei mad!
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)171 : Lord, so I was glad and wel begoon!
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)448 : Lord..who may that be?
- c1450 Dice(1) (Frf 16)91 : Lorde, that youre brayn ys comen of gedy kynde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)360/29 : Lorde, the grete chere that sir Launcelot made of sir Gareth.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)5671 : Lorde, how schall y wyth þe emperowre fare?
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26463 : Swa me helpe þe ilke lauerd [Otho: louerd] þe scop þes daȝes lihte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)3/1 : In ure lauerdes luue..ant iþe deore wurðmunt of his deorewurðe sune, & iþe heiunge of þe hali gast..lusteð þe liflade of a meiden.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2675 : Fo[r] loue þat ȝe owe to þe lord þat let ȝou be fourmed, Meyntenes ȝit ȝoure manchip..a while.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)164 : 'Þou hast of gon wiþ a gome, þi god to greue..Bi þe lord and þe lawe þat we onne leeue,' Þey swere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1368 : By that ilke lord that for vs bledde..A Sonday next I moste nedes paye An hundred frankes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1000 : 'Is ther noon oother grace in yow?' quod he. 'No, by that lord,' quod she, 'that maked me.'
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.17 : I shal lene hem lyflode..As longe as I lyue for þe lordis loue of heuene.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1053 : By that Lord that formede est and west, I hope of it to brynge answere anon Right of hire hond.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)544 : By oure Lord..y trow yow wel.
8.
(a) A deity, divine being; (b) a pagan god; a minor pagan deity; ~ of lordes, Jupiter, god or planet.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.Creed (Trin-C B.14.52)23 : Men sullen..ben turned on one lauerd, to one bileue, to one fulcninge.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)31a : Ic hold him king & louered [vr. louer] þat id make sale.
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Mk.(Lnsd 851)B.3752 : Nabugodonosor was lord [Heng: god], he seide; None oþer god scholde honoured be.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)2/22 : Wel aughte vs for to loue & worscipe..such a lord.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3534 : Appollin, mi lauer, ich þankie þe þat mi fæder is icumme to me.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13965 : Ȝif hit wulle Saturnus, al hit scal iwurðe þus, & Woden ure lauerd, þe we on bi-liueð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)42/8 : Þe unsehene unwihtes wunieð ham in-wið, ant tu ase þine lauerdes luuest ham.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)703 : Bi þe heie godes, louerdes [vr. lordes] of alle þinge, Ich louie more þi swete [lif] þan al þat in þe worlde is.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1786 : The god of loue, a, benedicitee, How myghty and how greet a lord is he!
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2374 : O stronge god that in the regnes colde Of Trace honoured art and lord [vr. god] yholde..Accepte of me my pitous sacrifise.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2402 : Help me, lord, tomorwe in my bataille.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1065 : Lord Phebus dooth this myracle for me.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.4 : O myghty Mars, that..named art from est til occident The myghty lorde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.422 : To the God of Love thus seyde he.. 'O lord, now youres is My spirit.'
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.910 : Seynt Idyot, lord of thise foles alle.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.32,49 : He..bysoughte by swete preyere the lordes of soules in helle of relessynge..the lord and juge of soules was moevid to misericordes.
- a1456(c1425) Lydg.Eagle (Trin-C R.3.20)16 : Þis foole [the eagle] is sacred vnto Iubyter, Þe lord of lordes in þe heghe heven, Weel-willing planete.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)665 : He [Mars] is alosed in lande, lord of þe breste.
9.
?A creator; one who composes songs; lifes ~, Christ [see lif 1a. (d)].
Associated quotations
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)221 : Hwi wolde god swa litles þinges him forwerne..forte don him understonden þat he his [Adam's] hlaford was.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Min ihesu, liues louerd, þu beodest us þin elming.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.18 : The songes that hadden overcomen alle thinges ne mighten nat asswagen hir lord.
10.
(a) A husband; also fig. Christ as the spiritual spouse of a pious woman; (b) as a woman's term of endearment for her lover or husband; (c) ?a father.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2501 : [Locrin] wes hire kine louerd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2997 : Þu..scalt habben to lauerd [Otho: louerd] min alre beste þein.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)165 : Wif wolde þat hire louerd dead ware.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)30/484 : Ȝef ha ne mei nawt temen..hire laverd luueð hire..þe leasse.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)480 : Ich..toc me him to lauerd & makede him mi leofmon.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)31/18 : Eue biheold o þe forboden eappel..nom & et þrof, & ȝef hire lauerd [Nero: louerde; Recl.: lorde].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1586 : An is þat gode wif unbliþe For hire lauerdes [Jes-O: louerdes] houd siþe.
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)17 : Þe louerd wend away Hon his marchaundise.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1427 : Men hauen holden skil First to freinen ðe wimmanes wil, Or or men hire to louerd giue.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3331 : Þe contasse was glad ynou þo hire louerd to hire com.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2689 : Mark, her lord, þe king, Wiþ tresoun may hir to.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)221/19 : Zayþ zay[n]te paul þet þe wyues ssolle louie hare lhordes [Vices & V.(2): hosebondes] and worssipie.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.943 : He..Of alle oure lordes [vr. husbondes] whiche that been slawe, Hath alle the bodyes on an heep ydrawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3083 : Sche syh Hire lord flietende upon the wawe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.49 : He [Edrik] betraied my lord & my sonne fulle ille.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)469 : She dredeþ hire lorde Philippoun Hire wil forsake for þat chesoun.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)656 : May þou traw for tykle þat þou t[em]e moȝtez, And I so hyȝe out of age, and also my lorde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3597 : Þou schust..not haue passed out so folily In þe abscence of þi lorde.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4436 : Cam alle the ladies and wymmen..Taquyte hemsilf of trouth in wommanhede To her lordys.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1230 : Al assented hyr untill To tak a lord at hyr owyn wyll.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.975 : I hadde a lord, to whom I wedded was, The whos myn herte al was.
- (1427) Reg.Langley in Sur.Soc.16962 : My body..may be caried to Jervaux and ther to bee biryed..beside my lords body.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1731 : God save my lord, I preye hym for his grace!
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)395/81 : His wif..readde here lard cristindom to ondirfo.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)94 : I nil never ete breed..But I mowe of my lord here!
- c1460 Oseney Reg.79/7 : I..haue i-grauntid..j hide of londe..for þe Remedye of þe Sowle of þe mooste noble Kyng Henry of Inglond, my lorde.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)9/29 : She merveilled who that myghte be that laye with her in lykenes of her lord.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)684 : Þat wyf..grauntede well þat ylke day Her lordes wylle.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3287 : Mi lauerd..me þuncheð þat mi fæder nis no whit felle.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)12/120 : Mi lord, Sir Orfeo! Seþþen we first to-gider were, Ones wroþ neuer we nere.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)666 : Leue lord, mi lemman, lacche me in þi narmes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.157 : Mi worthi love and lord also..wher a womman is al one, It makth a man in his persone The more hardi forto wowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2194 : By the leue of yow, my lord so deere, I pray to god that neuere dawe the day.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1564 : If so be that pees heere-after take..Whi, Lord, the sorwe and wo ye wolden make.
c
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2381 : Louerd..israel, Iosep ðin sune greteð ðe wel.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)169 : My fadur..hyght Seqwarde, That ys thy lordys stewarde.
11.
(a) One who is superior to or has dominance over another; one who has control or mastery (of sth.); also, an animal that holds sway over others; also fig.; ~ and sire; ~ of (al) the world, Man; being ~, of pathological qualities: having dominance, being dominant; (b) an authority in a field of knowledge; ~ phisicien (of phisik), a physician, doctor; (c) a patron, protector; god ~, good protector [cp. god adj. 1. (e)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1299 : Bule lateþþ modiliȝ..& hallt himm all forr laferrd.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)275 : Ðo ne migte he [Lucifer] non louerd ðhauen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)84/33 : Man..wes lhord of alle ssepþes..onder heuene and to huam alle þinges boȝen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)85/5 : Virtue makeþ þane man more ariȝt lhord of þe wordle þanne by þe kyng of his regne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3581 : Thanne shal we be lordes al oure lyf Of al the world as Noe and his wyf.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.931 : A womman that is a wyf..hath noon auctoritee..to bere witnesse with oute leue of hir housbonde that is hire lord.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)71a/a : I suffre not a womman teche in chu[r]che..vndir mannes pouwer þow schalt be, and he schal be þi lord.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1617 : God made womman..To be hys [man's] helpe..And he [man] mayster, lorde, & syre; To hys wyl she shal meke hyre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)602 : Als oure lauerd has heuen in hand, Sua suld man be lauerd of land.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)782 : O wityng bath god an ill, Ȝee suld be lauerds [Trin-C: lordis] at ȝour will.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)484 : Wherto..artow so proude of port..As thow were lord of vs euerichon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1587 : Lord is he Of Fortune ay, that naught wole of hire recche.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.1.28 : Be ȝe lordis [WB(1): haue ȝe lordship; L dominamini] to fischis of the see and to volatilis of heuene.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2084 : Of the body he is full lord, That hath the herte in his tresor.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)86a/a : For þi said Arnold þat humidite beyng lord [*Ch.(2): is lady; L dominans], & frigidite suple, corrupt beyng maide or seruant, giffeþ life to fistule.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)145b/a : It is to be war þat a man be lord or maister of þe corrosif.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)12 : There rede I wel he [Love] wol be lord and syre.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2650 : Lord and fader, al youre wille, After my myght..I shal fulfille.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.65 : Preie God save the king, that is lord of this langage.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)11/24 : As sone as we leue þe loue of hym..we leese þe lordisdome of þis worlde..þere we were so fre as þe kyngis sones of heuene & lordis of alle þe world.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)160 : Founde they Daunger for a tyme a lord.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)48.15 : Lordis sall be of thaim [worldly sinners] the rightwis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)56/139 : Iacob, my dere brothere..Thou art my lord thrugh destyny.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)58a/b : Cure of peralisi of causes withinforþ perteneþ to maistrez or lordez of phisic [*Ch.(2): lordes phisiciens; L dominos physicos].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)107b/a : Þise þyngez perteneþ more to lordez or maistrez phisiciens.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.86 : This bok..I sende unto myn oghne lord Which of Lancastre is Henri named.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.3129 : So preye y to my lordis alle..That y mote stonden in here grace..undir whos governance I hope siker to abide.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1677 : We yow biseke..Deiphebus..To ben good lord and frend..Unto Criseyde.
- (1425) RParl.4.298a : Yat..my said Lord of Gloucester be good Lord to my said Lord of Wynchestre, and have him in love.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)47 : Þe cardynal hostiense..is lord, gouernour, meyntenour & corectour of alle þe fraternyte.
- (c1447) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35262 : We beseche ȝour good lordschip to be good lord and protectour to us & to our Universite.
- (1463) Paston4.75 : I am afferd ellys bothen of these materys..and of other that ben not don to yett, but if he wyl don for ȝou and be your godelord.
12.
(a) That which is principal, preeminent, or most excellent of its kind; -- said of the sun, a ruby, etc.; (b) astrol. a planet in the sign where it is most powerful; (c) ~ flok, the leading priestly family among the New Testament Hebrews.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)114a/a : Þe sonne is þe yȝe of þe worlde..lord of planetis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)125b/a : He [Man] ȝaf þe first day to þe sonne, þat is prince of sterres and lord of planetis.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)p.21 : The gentil rubie fyne & clene is lorde of stones.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.303 : Infortunat ascendent tortuous, Of which the lord is helplees falle..Out of his angle into the derkest hous!
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)109b/b : Aries is a firy signe..& þe hous of mars; þe sonne is lord þerof by day & Iubiter be nyȝte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)110a/b : Cancer is wattry, female..a nyȝt signe of þe hous of þe mone..venus is lord þerof be day and mars be nyȝt.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.4.35,49 : The ascendent and eke the lord of the ascendent may be shapen for to be fortunat or infortunat..The lord of the ascendent..is fortunat whan he is in god place fro the ascendent.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)29 : The thridde hevenes lord above..hath wonne Venus his love.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2954 : For the white worke make fortunat the mone, for the lorde of the iiii howse likewise be it done.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)589 : Þa hirdess..Haffdenn an hæfedd hird tatt wass Abufenn alle þoþre Alls iff itt wære laferrdflocc Offr alle þoþre flockess.
13.
As a term of polite, respectful, or gracious address: sir; pl. gentlemen: (a) used by a person of lower social status for his superior; (b) used by poets or storytellers to readers or an audience; -- usually pl.; (c) used by a superior or among equals.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)62/21 : Laford, la, hwylc is he þæt ic ilyfe on hine?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8652 : Her I gaddre stikkess twa..lef laferd, Forr to min sune & forr to me To ȝarrkenn þatt to fode.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18884 : Lauerred [Otho: louerd]..nu hit is iwille þin þat forð i scal fusen.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)483-4 : Louerd, merci nov! Manrede, louerd, biddi you!
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.837 : Sire knyght..my mayster and my lord, Now draweth cut.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.165 : Lord, if that it be youre wille.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.188 : To yow, my lord, the iuge I preye Yeld me my thral.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2032 : Lord, the knyght ne hath nat slayn His felawe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3408 : Ȝyf þou haue grete desyre To be clepyd 'lorde' or 'syre'..Al þys comþ of grete pryde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)19311 : Lordes, hit is selcouþ..We finde our prisouns al a-way.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.19.2 : My lordis, Y biseche, bowe ȝe in to the hous of ȝoure child.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)14/36 : My lord Arthur..I was never your fader.
- c1500 Orfeo (Ashm 61)43/501 : Lord..Helpe me now.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)170 : Leue lordes, now listenes of þis litel barn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.1902 : Listeth, lordes [vr. lordynges], in good entent And I wol telle verrayment Of myrthe and of solas.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)10185 : Ye may axe me, lorde, what chere Was with Persewise.
c
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2501 : Lordes..we buþ her enclos, Herde by-syged wyþ þe Amyrel.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)985 : Lordys [vr. Lordynges]..To Appolony..oure sacrifice let vs make.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.975 : To Pandare he [Troilus]..seyde, 'Lord, al thyn be that I have!'
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10592 : Lokes now, lordes, our lure is full hoge.
- a1500 Awntyrs Arth.(Dc 324)462 : Loke nowe, lordes, oure lose be not lost.
- a1500 Orfeo (Hrl 3810)18/200 : Lordys..Y ordeyne my steward of myn halle.
14.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.248].
Associated quotations
a
- (1198) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.991 : Willelmus le Lauerd.
- (1207) Fine R.King John455 : Walterus de Laford.
- (1212) Feet Fines Yks.in Sur.Soc.94168 : Osbertus Lauord'.
- (c1225) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.7225 : Rogero Le Louerd.
- (1242-3) Bk.of Fees908 : Johannes Loverd.
- (1252) Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.1360 : Johannes le Lord tenet unam croftam.
- (1255) Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.1478 : Radulphus Loverde.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 1260 : Rad. le Loverd.
- (c1275) Hundred R.Tower 1439 : Johannes Loverdesman.
- (1279) Court R.Ramsey183 : Simon Lord.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.6615 : Et de 6 d. de Ada le Lord.
- (1327) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 7218 : Johannæs Lord.
b
- (1247) EPNSoc.21 (Cum.)409 : Lauerdesate.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.213 : [There is a meadow called] Lordeng [within the park].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)6336 : To hire lord & souerayn seide sche than, [etc.].
Note: New sense
Note: We do not appear to have a sense for lord =husband or phr. ~ and soverain--per MJW
Note: ?sense 10
- c1450 Wimbledon Serm.(Hat 57)20/2 : But a lorld god, what a siknesse is þis and a heuy borþin vpon þe sonys of adam þat on þe foule muk and fen of þe world we moune þenk.
Note: New spelling
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)187 : Greet errours may fall aboute the takynge of the lorde of the yere and of the moneth.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)231 : Yf there be in the hows ascendant moo planetis than on, louke which of theme has moste dignyteis, fore he shal be lord before all othere…yf there bee moo planetis, he that has moste digniteis shal be lorde of the yere.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)233 : Whan Saturne is lorde of the yere principaly, if no planete lett hym with an evil aspecte…he sal mak so colde a wynter in the northe cowntree that sal kill up well nythe all the bestis of the lande…Mars, whan he is lorde of the yere…the wynter til them of the north he temperis and the somere to them in the sowthe he makis owre hote…Jupiter, when he is lorde of the yere…The elementis he disposis unto genderynge of thyngis.
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)235 : Yf thu wilt have the lord of the monethe, louke wele the minute of the houre when the Sonne entreis in til the firste minute of the signe of the monethe that thee wilt wirk fore…and take that planete to be principale governore of that monthe…Also the lorde of the howre is the planet that fallis in the howre of that day aftir the namynge of the day, and the ordre of the planeties, as the Sonne in the firste houre on the Sonneday…Venus the 2, Mercurye in the 3, the Mone in the 4, Saturne in the 5, Jupiter in the 6, Mars in the 7, et cetera.
Note: Astrol. We don't have the phrases: lord of the yere, lord of the moneth, lorde of the hour.--per MJW
Note: Astrol. dominant planet.--per MJW