Middle English Dictionary Entry
hō̆t adj.
Entry Info
Forms | hō̆t adj. Also hoit, hoȝt, hoth, whote, (N) hat(e, hait, hatte; (early) hat(e, (early dat.) hatan, hatum, (early fem. gen. sg.) hattre. Forms: comp. hotter(e, hōtere, hatter(e, hattre; sup. hottest, hōtest, hattest. |
Etymology | OE hāt |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
High in temperature (ranging in degree from pleasantly warm to excessively hot): (a) of sunshine, air, weather, the day, etc.: warm, balmy; also, hot, torrid; hotteste, the hottest part; of a country or region: having a warm or hot climate; of land, water: naturally warm or hot; of the sun or its beams: hot; also fig.; (b) of fire or anything burning or heated: hot; also fig.; of food and drink: hot to the taste, not cooled off; of medicines or medicinal applications: hot to the touch or taste; beren the ~ iren, to carry hot iron as an ordeal in proof of one's innocence; to hevi and (or) to ~; (c) of the body, its parts, or secretions: warm (as from normal body heat); also, overheated, hot; of a corpse, flesh, blood: retaining the warmth of a living being, still warm; holden ~, to keep (sb., oneself) warm or hot; maken ~, warm (sb., the hands); (d) in phrases indicating the degree of heat: boilling ~, brenning ~, firi ~; leuk ~, warm, ?lukewarm; meltinge ~, piping ~, red ~, scald(inge ~; warm ~, warm, ?lukewarm; welling ~, boiling hot; (e) in combs.: ~ bath, a hot (mineral) spring; also, a room for bathing, a Roman bath; ~ hous, a bathing establishment, a Roman bath; ~ water, ~ welle, a hot spring.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)204/27 : Þe soðe sunne..wes..istihen on heh o þe hehe rode forte spreaden ouer al hate [Nero: hote] luue gleames.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)222/266 : At Middai wanne þo dai is alþer hotestd.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)152 : Þat water of baþe..þat euere is iliche hot..ne be þe chele so gret.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10960 : Þulke ȝer was þut somer so druye & so hot Þat ȝut to þis daye of none hattore me not.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4502 : Þe weder was hot in somers tide.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)12 : Þe herd sat..aȝene þe hote sunne.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Jonah 4.8 : The Lord comaundide to the hote wynd and brennynge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.123 : Idumea is a strong londe..and hoot [L calida].
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.394 : The hoote somer had maad his hewe al broun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.415 : In the hoteste of the dai, Whan comen is the merie Maii.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)133b/b : Þe eyr is made hoot whan þe sonne neyghith to vsward.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2703 : Quen it was hate [vr. hoot] a-pon a tide, Abram satt his hus be side.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)126/33 : In þe hattest of þe day..he was laten bloode.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.638 : Whan Phebus bemys..cause þe eyre be refleccioun To ben ful hoot.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)43a/a : Murcetum: water rennynge hote out of þe erþe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.10.17 : Indus..is next the hote partie of the world.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)17/34 : Þat lond is meche more hottere [Eg: mare hate; F plus chaud] þan it is here.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.226 : In..Nouember in hoot Erthe is settyng of seruys nobul hold.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)52b : Þat þei reste noȝt longe in oo place in hoot somertyme.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)25.129 : In the hattest day Of the ȝer.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2004 : They sal be clede ful wele..Efter þer place es cald or hate.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)4165 : The day was whote and longe.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)30/11 : By bethleem be many mo placys of goode pasture and of hoote and fatte grounde.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)167/8-20 : When hyt snowyt, reynet, or haylyth, thonderyt or lightneth or also nimynge hoyt, þat ys not to angle. The xij Impedymentes Wyche cause men to take no fyche..The vjte is if þe watur be wery hote.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)2/16 : Augustus is þat month..whech is þe hattest month.
- a1475 Prk.Weather & Moon in NM 58 (Brog 2.1)61/24 : Þe strengher þat þe son schyne on þe erthe, þe hotter the erthe ys.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61b : Hatt: Calidus..torridus.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)66.1/4 : Ȝecnuca hi on hatan watere.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)76.20/2 : Þiȝe hyt þanne on hatum beore.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/26 : Heo beoð bisencede on þa hate liȝæs.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16134 : Hat lufess fir..Iss kinndledd i þatt herrte.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)247 : Þer is fur þet is undret fald hattre [Dgb: hotter] þene bo ure.
- a1300 11 Pains(1) (Jes-O 29)254 : On heom is mony yrene beond Þat is hatture [Dgb: hattore] þene þe brond.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)5692 : Ofte lette hot [Clg: grund-hat] leod glide on hire heued.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)104 : Þe Gees irostid..grediþ: 'gees, al hote, al hot.'
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)66/24 : Ase þe wyȝte þet ualþ ine hot weter þet..scoldeþ alle þo þet byeþ þer aboute.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)118 : Wasch hem wel in a feyre vessel and in fayre hoth water.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.9.12 : Þe louys..we tookyn hoote, now þei been made driȝe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.3.19 : The fourneyse shulde be sette on fijre seuen fold hatter than it was wont for to be tendid.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.205 : He..herde smethes bete wiþ hameres on hoot [L ignitum; Higd.(2): ybrente] iren.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4347 : Many a Iakke of Douer hastow soold, That hath been twies hoot and twies coold.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6600 : Ne dar I nothing stele..Al is to heuy and to hot To sette on hond.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.915 : Thoght which hath evere hise pottes hote Of love buillende on the fyr.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1436 : I spare nat to taken, god it woot, But if it be to heuy or to hoot.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23209 : Þe first [pain of hell] it es þe fire sa hatte [vr. hate].
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.104 : Cookis & here knaues crieþ 'hote pyes, hote!'
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.142 : To sitten at euen by þe hote coles.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)139a/b : Be it cauterized wiþ hotest oile.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)68 : Chafowre, to make whote a thynge as watur: Calefactorium.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)1/23 : Drynke it fastande with hate water.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)148/9 : Roste it wel among hote colys.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)157/11 : Boyr hyt [cork] þorow with a smale hoyt yrun.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)66/17 : Þou noynthe þe hed in þe nolle be-hende with hothe water.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)198/34 : In this same ȝere was this old Edward slayn with a hoot spete put into his body.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)303 : Hauynge here conscience brent wiþ hoot yren of coueytise.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61b : Hatt [Monson: hate]:..Estuosus, feruidus..jgnitus.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)83 : He..for reuðe ne wepeð none hote teres of his egen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)125/7 : Þu hauest forscaldet te drake heaueð wið wallinde weater, þet is, wið hate [Nero: hote] teares.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)206 : Þe Man was ded a luyte bi-fore and al hot ligge on bere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Tob.2.11 : Hote toordis fellen in vp on his eȝen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.467 : But for al þe fire, þe man was nevere þe hotter [vr. hatter].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.540 : That made his face often reed and hoot For verray shame.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1186 : Ye been right hoot; I se wel how ye swete.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)284/6 : Þat he mai swete wel & þat his bodi mai wexe hoot wiþoute & wiþinne.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4923 : Flesshe hij eten raw and hoot, Wiþouten kycchen.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2030 : Hir throte in twa ful sone he bate And drank þe blode whils it was hate.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)120a/a : When þat a man is right hote [*Ch.(1): ouerchaufed or hote; L calefactus] & claweþ hym while he sweteth.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)77 : She was sore chaffede and hoote for the grete hete of the sunne.
- a1450 Diseases Women(1) (Dc 37:Singer)36 : Makyth hote your hondys.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9360 : Physissiens com hym tyll [vr. gun..tell]..þat A ȝong Damsell ware best to hald hym hote.
- c1450 Swarte smekyd (Arun 292)10 : Þei [blacksmiths] holdyn hem hote wyth here hard hamers.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)139/7 : Take a cowis-tord, as hot as it comyt fro þe cow.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)98b/b : The skyn abouten þe wounde is reed and hoot in felynge.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.259 : Þeryn he gadereth water and heteþ it in his rennynge scladeng [*Tbr: scald] hoot.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3379 : He sente hir..wafres pipyng hoot out of the glede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2221 : Gold..thei hadden tho Buillende hot withinne a panne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139a/b : Whanne firy hoot Iren is quenchid in water.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)207b/a : Glas..is pliaunt whan it is meltynge hoot [L liquidum].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.3445 : His colour was semblable..Vn-to þe fery hote brennynge glede.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)56.396 : That water that Cold was before, Anon brenneng hot it be-Cam thore.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)8 : Set it on þe fyre tyl it be warme hot.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)17 : Whan þe Mylke his skaldyng hote.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4080 : Till he come blesenand on a brym was welland hate.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)172/30 : As þe scolde hot watre makeþ an hound flee þe kychene.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)141/22 : Sho hate a grete oven..& when it was rede hate sho..crape into it.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)217 : Mak alle þus lewk hot to geder.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)167/2 : Yn somur seasen when hyt ys brennyng hote.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)80/7 : Þan seth it on þe fiȝr til it is leukhot.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)112a/a : R[ecipe] an instrument of gold or of yren and make him brennynge hoot in þe fier.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)424 : Tak a porcioun of water scaldynge hote.
e
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)540 : Bladud..a clerk of nigramacie..made a wonder þing..þe hote baþe y-cleped it is.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.36.24 : Ana þat fond hote waters in wyldrenes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.23 : In Brytayne beeþ hoote welles wel arrayed and i-hiȝt to þe vse of mankynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206a/b : Hote wellis springeþ out of þe erþe.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10322 : Bysyde hys wonyng..was a wasshyng yn an hote baþ.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)76/11 : In his tyme þe hote baþes shullen bicome colde.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)64/2 : Þe cite of Phenice whare er hate welles and hate bathez.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2689 : Londene hath shippis..Bathe, hote bathes, holsum for medecyne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)249 : Hoott Bathe: Murtetum, terme.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.1118 : For bathis hoot, ammoniak is tolde Right good, with brymstoon resolute yputte Aboute in euery chynyng.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)4/27 : His broþir..was with him and with his modir in an hothous, whech þei clepe a stewe, þe day of his birth.
2.
(a) Of spices: biting, peppery; also fig.; (b) of odors: pungent; also fig.; (c) of a scourge or arrow: causing a painful burning sensation, stinging; (d) of clothing: conserving bodily heat, warm; (e) of pardon: fresh; of a forewarning or sentence: recent; of the intent to inflict a punishment or wreak vengeance: retaining its initial impulse, not cooled off.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.117 : Of this roote [Contrition] eek spryngeth a seed of grace..and this seed is egre and hoot.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2977 : Tho thoghte him colde grases goode, That whilom eet the hote spices.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.6 : Whan Adam of thilke Appel bot, His swete morscel was to hot.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1808 : He drynketh ypocras..Of spices hoote tencressen his corage.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.153 : Hast þou..any hote spices?
- a1450 3 KCol.(1) (Roy 18.A.10)77/4 : But herbes be þe hotter and better.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1203 : Gat..stinnkeþþ fule, & forrþi tacneþþ itt full wel Galnessess hate stinnchess.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.887 : They stynken as a goot; Hir sauour is so rammyssh and so hoot.
c
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)876 : Þe lord of miht..Þat to him-self of wiþþes gret Smart scourge made and hot.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)2/24 : Thou Lord..hast hitte our hertis with þe hote arowys of charite.
d
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)196/23 : Yf a man wyste that a ful colde..wyntere were to cvme..he wolde Purvey hym of hote clothis, wodde, and colle.
e
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.687 : His walet..Bret ful of pardoun comen from Rome al hoot.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.63 : His vengeance is ȝit hote.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1263 : So wol I telle yow, whil it is hoot.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7241 : Þe whyles þer wylle was þus hot, Þey stirte tys chaumbre.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8628 : Smertly wyþ þe dom al hot, Hengistes heued of he smot.
3.
(a) Of persons, the blood, the heart: seething with anger or hatred, furious; (b) of persons, the blood, the flesh, the heart: full of physical desires; inflamed with sexual desire, lustful; lascivious; (c) of persons: ardent, fervent, eager, zealous; (d) of persons, the heart: violently agitated, deeply troubled, distressed; (e) of an action: passionate, violent; of occupation: busy; hotteste, the busiest part; of words, language: heated, angry; of a stratagem: dangerous, difficult.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)624 : Þe sarazin so he smot Þat al hys blod was hot.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1887 : Whan he was hotest in his ire..Sche made him debonaire and meke.
- a1400 Floris (Eg 2862)937 : I þouȝt to haue sleyn hem booþ, I was so wroþ..Ȝit y withdrowȝ myn hoot blood.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)200 : Ne so hastyfly watz hot for hatel of his wylle.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)3252 : Hat is al Alisaundres blod.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)12386 : Þe swerd bot wel, & he was hot.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)107/4 : Þan a good herte wexeþ hot [Ayenb.: anhet; F s'eschaufe] and is wroþ wiþ hireself.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)335/15 : He was hote and corragyous.
b
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)79 : Ich wes hot and am kold.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)264/110 : Heo was ofte..I-fondet of hire hote flesch.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.626 : As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1102 : Often was his herte hoot and cold.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Esth.1.10 : The kyng..was hoot of wiyn aftir ful myche drinkyng.
- a1425 Iesu þat wolde (LdMisc 463)p.190 : Men and wymmen of hot blod Þenke þat lecherye is god.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)158b/b : Þogh he were froted and made hote wiþ alle þynges þat maken hote and exciten..And bydde he þat þai lye togidre by some dayes..and make he ham hote.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)335/2 : Sir Gareth and dame Lyonesse were so hoote in brennynge love that they made their covenauntes..that she sholde com to his bedde.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)507 : Morgain..was the moste hotest woman of all Breteigne.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)119 : Þe holi gost..maked hem hattere on soðe luue to gode and mannen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)204/7, 205/10 : Ich walde..þet tu were i mi luue oðer allunge cald oðer hat [Nero: hot]..& ich wulle speowe þe ut bute þu wurðe hattre.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.3.15 : I woot thi werkes, for nether thou art coold nether hoot.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.520 : Swich was this ypocrite, bothe cold and hoot.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)4/6 : Þai..kyndelis þaire willes with þe fire of luf, makand þam hate and brynnand within.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)299 : Thurghe þe vertu of prayere beande hate in oure hertes with þe brynnynge of lufe.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)60/3,4,6,11 : The spirite vnmade..is hote, for he makyth hoote..of him-self..And than maketh he hoote when the sowll brennyth all to the love of God..He makyth hoote, nott as materiall fyre, nore as the visible sonne..bot his hete is the inwarde bornyng love of the sowle.
d
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)38.4 : Myn hert wex hote wiþ-inne me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1494 : That..Narcisus..Myght on a day..ben so hoot for woo, That never he myght to joye atteyne.
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)221 : Vessel of care & wo..Now thow art frosty cold, now fyry hoot.
e
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1809 : She woot namoore of al this hoote fare..than woot a cokkow of an hare.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.22 : Wrathe..Which hath hise wordes ay so hote, That all a mannes pacience Is fyred of the violence.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2123 : What sleighte is it, though it be long and hoot, That he nyl fynde it out in som manere?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1567 : Beth naught to hastif in this hoote fare.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1010 : This artificers..In þe hotteste of al hir bysynesse..make game and play.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)19 : The eldest chidde with the knight that plaied with her, and gaue hym angri, hasti, and hote langage.
4.
(a) Of desire, passion, religious zeal or fervor, love, anger, etc.: strong, intense; holden ~, to keep (love) burning intensely; (b) of pain, hunger, misery, distress: burning, sharp, keen; of separation: grievous; of fate: cruel; this is ~, this is disagreeable.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1564 : Þatt lufe þatt iss hat I Cristess þeowwes heorrte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)64/12 : Hwil þe lust is hat toward eani sunne.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1454 : Falþ adun þe hote breþ.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3754 : His hote loue was coold and al yqueynt.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2492 : Whan thei be..In al the hoteste of here love, Hire whiel sche torneth.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.10 : That vice is cleped hot Envie.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1602 : Þat is he þat ful ofte hatz hevened þy fader Of mony anger ful hote.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1105 : Þe fire of hot envie So brent hym inward.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.1012 : But hotter weex his love.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1287 : The hote ernest is al overblowe.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)299 : Haldand þe lufe of oure lorde godd hate in oure hertes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9156 : The more on þat maidon the mighty beheld, The sarre woundit he was & his wille hatter.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)332/37 : So they brente bothe in hoote love that they were acorded to abate their lustys secretly.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)333/10 : And for savyng of hir worshyp she thought to abate their hoote lustis.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)152/38 : In hote loue myn hert is hydde to þe blosme upon his bedde.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.191 : In suche men hoote luffe of religion is made soone colde.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)450 : Whan I haue loste myn hote corage.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61b : Hatt:..jntensus.
- a1500 Thayr ys no myrth (SeldSup 52)34 : Loue ys..Summtyme hoyt & sumtyme colde.
b
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)277 : Þu..þoledes for wone of mete moni hat hungre.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)84/24 : Ȝif þeo ilke scheadewe [of this world's misery] were ȝet so kene oþer so hot.
- c1390 Disp.GM & Devil (Vrn)689 : Heo beoþ grete foles..Þat makeþ þe pyne more And hattore þen hit is.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.205 : No wiȝte wote..what is hote hunger þat had neuere defaute
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1195 : Þe hote hunger wythinne hert hem wel sarre.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)388 : Þaȝ I hente ofte harmez hate.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)31 : If I lufe any erthly thyng..I mai drede of partyng, þat wyll be hate and yll.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)878 : Þer as hunger is hote, hertes ben feble.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9377 : Hongur full hote harmyt hom þen.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)702 : See my hote werdez.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)58/243 : A! ha! mary, this is hote.
5.
Phys., med., etc. Dominated by the quality of heat: (a) of the elements, fire and air, and matter compounded of them; (b) of the seasons of summer and spring, of certain times of day; (c) of certain planets and signs of the zodiac; (d) of the humors, blood and choler; (e) of the complexion or temperament of man or beast; also, of persons or animals; (f) of certain parts of the body; (g) of certain diseases, symptoms, and causes of disease; (h) of anything taken as medicine or consumed as food.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1284 : The fyr is hot in his astat.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206b/b : Þe more bitter salt is, þe more hoot it is.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)311b/b : Alle þinge wiþ smelle and odour is acounted hote amonge auctours.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.6.29 : This accordaunce atempryth..the elementz that..the colde thingis joynen hem by feyth to the hote thingis.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Mutability MN (Hrl 2255)4 : The fyr so hoot and sotil of nature.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)2/9,10 : Quinta essencia..is not hoot and drie wiþ fier..ne hoot & moist with eyr.
- a1475 Prk.Weather & Moon in NM 58 (Brog 2.1)61/17 : Þat part of þe eyer þat ys joyned with þe element of fyer must be hottest of all.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2139 : When a thinge in the iiide degree hote and drye is..ther is bitternes.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)2356 : Truste not that any thinge maye be hote and moyste bothe in one degree.
b
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)64b/a : Ypocras saiþ men vseþ forsoþe colder medecynes in hote houres.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)73/10,30 : Veyr ys hoot and moyst..Somer tyme ys hoot and drye.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)92/21 : Somer, þat is hote and drye.
c
- ?c1450(a1388) Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67:Price)204 : Of the wich [planets], summe..ar clepid hote & colde.
- ?c1450(a1388) *Wallingford Exafrenon (Dgb 67)7a/b : Jupiter is atemprid hoote & moyste..Mars is owtragely drye & hote.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1068 : The fifte Signe is Leo..Whos kinde is schape dreie and hote.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1154 : Sagittarius..is hot and dreie of kinde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.51 : Aries, the colerik, hote signe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)133b/b : If þe sonne is wiþ an hote planete, as with mars, he is cause of passynge hete in þe eyr.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)60 : Planetes..Summe beeþ chelde, summe beeþ hote.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4447 : O cruel Mars..O hatful sterre, hoot, combust, and drye.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.72 : Whan an hot planete cometh into an hot signe, than encrescith his hete.
- c1475(?a1449) ?Lydg.Pag.Knowl.(Trin-C R.3.21)139 : [A]ries ys hoot & also coloryk.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4147 : Ne fynde yow nat replet of humours hote [rime: grote].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)202/9,10 : Blood is hoot & moist..Colre hoot & drie.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)27a/a : Blood is an humour hote and moyst.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)31a/a : Colre..is an humour hote and drye.
e
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.53 : Norþeren men, in þe whiche colde..makeþ hem..hatter [L calidiores; Higd.(2): moore hoote] with inne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.977 : His complexioun Is mad upon divisioun Of cold, of hot, of moist, of drye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)275b/b : Þe Camele is þe most hoot beste of kynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)309a/a : Most hote briddes of complexioun..as briddes of pray.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)12/10 : Oon of þe men is of an hoot complexioun & a moist.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)178/22 : Þe more hoot þat a man is, þe more heer he schal haue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.8 : O myghty Mars..Ful hoot and drye of complexioun.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)48b : Hit takyn in dew tyme..will kole a woman that ys hote.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)185b/a : A temporate medecyne..is like to þe complexioun to þe whiche it is laide..withoute þat þat schal make it hote or colde, drye or moyste.
- a1450 Diseases Women(1) (Dc 37:Singer)37 : Þe man..is made of hote and drye mature.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)184/22 : It wole kele a wymman þat is hot to conseywe a chyld.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)23/13 : And he be of hoot complexioun, he shalle vse hoot metis temperatly.
f
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)21b/a : Þe herte is so hot þat, but it were I-slaked wiþ coold aier..it schulde be I-stuffid in hit self in þe same hete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)40a/a : Ȝif a man is besy..vnstable, hardy, & wraþful..suche on haþ hoote brayne & þenne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)8b/a : Þat is seen of þe lyuer, of þe essensioun of it is þat is be hote & moiste.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)58a/b : Peralisy & al sikenez of neruez beþ hard to cure for þai haf litel of hote nature, which is þe doar..of curacioun.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)10a/b : Of symple membres some beeþ hote & moyste..No membres beeþ jsaide hote & drye, ffor byȝonde the kynde of þe skynne..þere is no simple membre founden hotter & dryer þan it.
g
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)424/127 : Seint Tebaud þe bischop hadde in his fot ane hote goute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)102b/b : Aȝeynes an hote cause, nediþ colde medicine.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)286/1 : A man þat haþ þe hote dropesie.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)302/6 : Þis is good for hote enpostyms in þe mouþ & for hote passiouns of þe gommys.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)21a : Þis erbe is gode..for þe hote postem.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)21a/a : Euery aposteme, or it is hote or it is noȝt hote.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)71/38 : Signez of hote cause in thenasmon bene hotenez, brennyng, and prikkyng.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)24a/a : If hote rewme come doun into a brawne.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)179a/a : And if þe vlcer schulde be made hote [*Ch.(1): ouerhote; L super calefieret].
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)140/10 : Þe jous of þis herbe..swagyth þe hote potacre.
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)300/224a : For to knowe þe festre hoot and cold, bona regula.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)31a : Þer is þe colde crampe & þe hote crampe.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)2/29 : Oure quinta essencia..hoot sijknessis it doiþ awey.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)164b/a : And þe pacient schal be dietid as it were a man þat were in an hoot feuere.
- a1500 Platearius CInstans (Cmb Ee.1.13)8/6 : For whote postemus in þe begynnyng of hem, make a plastre of accassia & of þe iuse of sum kold herbe.
h
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)107.81/1 : Þeos wyrt þat man origanum..nemneð his hattre ȝecunde.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)217/115 : Þet wyn þat is naturelliche hot ine him selue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)143/34 : Þat zed o mostard..is hot ine þe uerþe degre, ase ziggeþ þise fisiciens.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213a/b : Swete almoundes beþ goode to mete and bitter almondes to medicyne, for þey beþ hoote and drye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)229b/a : Clowes..beþ..hoot and druye in worching and in himsilf.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)11/15 : Þilke þing þat we seie is hoot in þe firste degree..heetiþ oure bodies wiþouten greuauncis.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)10b : Crasse is hote and drye, for hit hansith lechery.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)176b/a : Hote þingez in 4a degree as..Garlek & piper sleeþ noȝt.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)34a/a : Use he hote metes and drye.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)83a/b : Colde vlcers..ben esed of hote medecynes.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)66/9-11 : Begyn we firste at þe hate gummes and sythen at þe hate spyces and sythen at þe hate rotes and sythen at þe hate grisses.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)51.306 : Pharans ne knew non boote Of his wounde, nethir Cold ne hoote.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)145/8 : Þis herbe [onion] is hoȝt and drye.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)86.226 : Borage is hote and moyst.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)54a/b : And what mete or medicyn or ony oþir þing þat hetiþ oure body wiþouten greuaunce, þat is hoot in þe firste degree; And what euere þing it be þat so ferforþ hetiþ oure body þat it myȝte hete us nomore wiþouten greuaunce, þat is hoot in þe secunde degree; And þat þat hetiþ oure body in so myche þat it bryngiþ to us sensible greuaunce, þat is hoot in þe þridde degree; And þat þat is so ferforþ hoot þat it distroieþ openly oure body, þat is hoot in þe fourþe degree.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)1884 : Of good herbes..some be colde outwarde and hote with in the rote.
6.
In proverbs & similes.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1275 : Nis nout so hot þat hit na coleþ.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)907 : Sum-time it [love-fever] hentis me wiþ hete as hot as ani fure.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1811 : But al moot been assayed hoot and coold; A man moot been a fool or yong or oold.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2226 : Whil that iren is hoot, men sholde smyte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.449 : Ay the ner the fir, the hotter is.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1276 : Pandare..Felte iren hoot, and he bygan to smyte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.337 : A thousand sikes, hotter than the gleede, Out of his brest ech after other wente.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)246 : Of sykes hoote as fyr I herde a swogh.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)735 : Wry the glede, and hotter is the fyr.
- c1430 Allas for thought (Cmb Gg.4.27)525 : My feuere..me asayeth stoundemel, Now hattere than the verray glede, And now as cold..As frost.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)13 : Lufe es hatter þen þe cole.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)792/12 : The chambir that was as hote as ony styew.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1120/2 : Ryght so faryth the love nowadayes, sone hote, sone colde.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)46 : He woll..make me foryete my anger, þough I wer as hote as fire.
- c1500 Melusine (Roy 18.B.2)211/21 : Whan the yron is hoot, it moste be wroght & forged.
7.
In surnames; also hot-fot, q. v.
Associated quotations
- (1195) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.694 : Roberti Hot.
- (1256) Close R.Hen.III409-10 : Johannis Hothed'..Ceciliam Hothede.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19223 : Margeria Hotale.
- (1343) Court R.Ramsey134 : Adam Hot.
- (1403) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)8.313 : De Rebellione Henrici Percy, dicti Hotspur.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)243 : Herry Percy, the yonger, whom the Scottis clepid Herry Hatspore.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(e)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. hot water.