Middle English Dictionary Entry
fūme n.
Entry Info
| Forms | fūme n. Also feum. |
| Etymology | OF fum & L fūmus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Smoke; also fig.; (b) aromatic smoke (of incense).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)73b/a : If any þing forsoþ entre in þe eie..as fume, puluer..or chaffe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2676 : For a tyme thei [low-born men] may..Lik wyndi Smokes ther boistous fumys spreede.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29.330 : The fwme [of Cain's sacrifice]..Which was bothe blak, fowl, & stynkkenge.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)279 : As from the fyre departeth fume.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)49a/a : This cause, of dremes & of thyse wordes, mynystered the more fume [Vulg. Gen.37.8: fomitem ministravit] of hate and enuye.
- a1500 Tithe-Giving (Wor F.172)22 : What signifieth..the fuyre? And what the fume or the smoke?
b
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Corp.Chr.(Trin-C R.3.20)106 : Þe fayre sensier With goostely fumys as any bawme so swoote.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)681 : Thai brente Frankensense That smoked vp so stronge; The Fume in her presence, It lasted alle alonge.
2.
(a) Any fumy or vaporous exhalation, such as vapor given off by a heated substance; (b) odorous vapor.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1098 : Fumes dyuerse Of metals..Consumed and wasted han my reednesse.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)251/14 : Þou schalt breke hem [fennel branches] a litil with þi teeþ and..blowe in his iȝe..þat þe fume of þe fenel mowe entre into his iȝe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)43a/b : Þai subfumigateþ..it wiþ fume..raised of acete..casten.. on a milne stone y fyred or brente.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)95/29 : Þe fume of þe boilyng watre.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)320/1052 : Lay the seid dried myntes vpon the coles..and lat the fume passe vpward.
- a1500 Platearius CInstans (Cmb Ee.1.13)4/20 : The fewme of aloes reseuyd þrowȝ a mannys nose hetyth þe brayn þat is acoldid :& comfortith hit.
- a1500 in Singer Cat.Alchem.2.559 : Looke the fewme outscape the not.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)84a/b : It putrefieþ..þe flesh..fro which is raised a stynkyng fume.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1609 : The water..clensit by course all þe clene Cite Of filth and of feum.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)40 : To make amongst them [the King's shirts and sheets] other swete fumes.
3.
Physiol. Any 'exhalation' said to be generated in the body; such an 'exhalation' as producing emotions, dreams, dullness, etc.
Associated quotations
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4114 : Sweuenes engendren of replexions And ofte of fume and of complexions, Whan humours ben to habundant in a wight.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)108/9 : Þat þe fumes of þe brayn myȝten haue wey of smokyng out.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)132a/a : [Straunge humidite] descendeþ fro þe stomac & brayne in fourme of fume or vapour.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.4027 : The colerik fumys, ther furie vnrestreynable.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2960 : Thorugh hasti fumys of furious corage.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)348 : Lust may come bi pricking fumys or stemys gendring in þe privei fleisch bi eeting of..hoot and kene þingis.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3880 : Whan þat þe paunche is ful, A fume clymbith vp in-to þe heed, And makiþ a man al lustles and al dul.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)123 : The wommane that suffereth this passyone feleth noyous fume assendynge up to the uppere partyes.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)41/28 : Into werkis of þis lijfli regioun [i.e. the mid region of the body] seruen vertues or powers..forto make þynne sotil bodies of þe fume of blood in þe hert, whiche þynne bodies ben clepid spiritis, and for to sende hem abrood into þe bodi to make strengþ and lijf.
- ?c1450 Trivet Constance (Harv Eng.938)237 : The malyce and the fume of the drynke the whyche anoyed soore hys brayne.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)24462 : Thorugh perfectioun of hete of charyte..the fume..of malencolye fleth away.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)135a/a : It cummeþ euermore of fume oþer of venimous mater.
Note: ?Mod. gloss 3.--per RNM
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)84 : If it be an hert þat þe lymer fyndeþ of..hym ouȝt to sewe wiþ as litel noyse as he may controugle to vndo all his motyng til he fynde his fumes, þe whiche hym ouȝt to put in þe grete ende of his horn.
Note: New sense: 'Animal dropping'--per FMcS
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. fume.