Middle English Dictionary Entry
fīnden v.
Entry Info
Forms | fīnden v. Also vinden, (late) fend. Forms: sg. 2 fīndest, finst, vinst, 3 fīndeth, fint, vint; p.sg.2 founde(st, 3 fō̆nd, fā̆nd, fǒund, pl. fǒunden, fō̆nd, fā̆nd, sbj. 3 fǒunde; ppl. founden, ( fun, fǒn). |
Etymology | OE findan, gefindan, āfindan; sg. 2 findest, finst, 3 findeþ, fint; p. sg. 2 funde, 3 fond, fand, pl. fundon, sbj. 3 funde; ppl. funden. ME fīnden overlaps fō̆nden and fǒunden in meaning and, in the p.t. and the p.ppl., also in form. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. ifinden.
1.
Of persons or of things viewed as agents: to come upon, encounter, or meet (someone or something) by chance or in the course of events (usually with the notion of perceiving or recognizing the person or thing encountered); to come face to face with (someone);-- (a) with obj.; (b) with obj. and compl.; (c) with obj. and inf.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1013 : [He] fand þær ærm stede, ærm abbot, & ærme muneces.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13 : Þær he fand off oþre treos Full gode treos inoȝhe.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)83 : Þe sunne..nimeð al swuch hou alse ho þer on uint.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)860 : Ich ne font nawt feole neauer min euening.
- a1250 SWard (Tit D.18)19/166 : Hwer se he findeð eðeliche..unwepnede of treowe bileaue.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14b : Ich habbe ifunden..mon efter min heorte.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)592 : Imai þe uinde ate rum huse.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)694 : Op he a-ros And fond [Hrl: Fon] seint Thomas In þe huyrne.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)74 : He vunde þer-ynne chepmen þet were mody.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)328 : Alle þat ȝe ffyndeþ þer to þe brudale he sende.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)318 : A temple hii vovnde vair inou.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)399 : Þo miȝte siward segge þat he adde is per ifounde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)74 : Al þet hit vint ine þe zaule of gelte of dede, of speche, of þoȝte.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2438 : Þei..founden þan a fayr forest.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.157 : Þere herdes fond hym among mory flagges and sprayes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16857 : Þar sorfullest of all þai faand [Göt: fant; Trin-C: fonde] sent iohn and mari.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 10.7 : Do what euere thingis fyndith thin hoond.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)40/27 : Yef sho wille als geste wne in þe kirke, and folow þe custume als sho findes.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)29/8 : Þer fond sche hyr husbond.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3339 : Welcom iwis; wele arte thow fownden.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)44.163 : With hem was fownden A Marynere.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)188/100 : Swilk ffaire be-fore was neuere fune [rime: sonne].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)129/100 : All þi folke þat we here fande.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)46/1 : I haue fonde my maystre.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)995/7 : In the name of God, ye be well ifounde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)39/146 : Þer myht nevyr man fynde my pere of Archerye.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)349 : A boot he fond by þe brym.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/6 : Þyȝ læs ðe eow slæpende finde, þenne he cymæð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8352 : He comm till himm o nahht & fand himm þanne o slæpe.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1306 : Ne funde we nowhwer nan swa deope ilearet.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)337 : Al þat were bihinde yfounde, Anon þai were leyd to grounde.
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)357 : [He] font hem slepynge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2337 : Evere he fond hire in o place.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)102/8 : I foond [L inueni] him hauynge þe crampe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1305 : Troilus he fond allone abedde.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)477 : He fond a clerk stondyng at þe ȝate.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.371 : In Orkauz they fownden Eualach king.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)29/5 : Kyng Arthure..founde Ulphuns and Brastias on foote in grete perell of dethe.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25843 : Þa fond he þer ane quene quecchen mid hafde.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)325 : Þesne mon we funde vorbeoden vre lawe.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.218 : Valerian..fynt Cecilie With inne his chambre and with an aungel stonde.
- c1400(?a1300) *KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4599 : Alisaunder..ffynt Darrie lien in þe poudraye.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)39/12 : Ich..fonde þere wise doctors stryue vppon þe beggerie.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4238 : When monkes fande cuthberts body In his toumbe all hale ly.
2.
To begin acquaintance or involvement with (something).
Associated quotations
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1280 : Richere he it [the land] leet ðan he it fond.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.297 : I fonde [L reperi] a citee of brend tyle, and now I leve a citee of marbil.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.297 : Y leve the cite edifiede and made stronge with marbole, whom y founde diȝhte with tile stones.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)69/164 : In the state that thou it fand then shal it turne by myne intent.
3.
(a) To discover or come unexpectedly across (someone or something previously unknown or unobserved); to discover incidentally the whereabouts of (something lost or hidden); to happen upon (something) for the first time (often with the notion of picking up or acquiring the object met with); to make a find; to discover or obtain without searching or effort; (b) founden wight, a foundling.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : [Se biscop] fand þa hidde in þa ealde wealle writes þet Headda..heafde ær ge writon.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)89 : Þo tweien sanderbodes..funden an asse mid fole.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)161 : Þat holie maiden..was fet of weste wunienge þar he funden was.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3299 : A welle he funde at marath, ðe water was biter and al wlath; A funden trew ðor-inne dede Moyses, and it wurð swet on ðe stede.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1973 : [They] senten him bode he funden it.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)38 : Yef þe vinst and naȝt ne yelst, þou hit stelst.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)422 : He him fond in þat forest.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1831 : Bi frut to liue þat We finde in wodes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4130 : I haue herd seye men sal taa of twa thynges Swilk as he fyndes or taa swilk as he brynges.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6814 : That thei upon a dai a Cave Withinne a roche founden have.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195a/a : Among grauele and sonde..ben yfounde golden grauele ofte tyme.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)512 : Þey fonde a bal of gold by þe way.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.856 : Sythen was funden half a duzan fals tyn.
- (1435-6) Paston2.41 : I fonde a purs with money ther inne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13501 : Hit happit hym in hast the hoole for to fynd Of the cave.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)618 : Ȝef a chylde I-fownde were.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6824 : Hardknout kyng had a sonn Þat with a wydow suld be fonn.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)113 : But fischereres fond the body.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)176/433 : An appull þat we fownde.
b
- c1400(?a1300) *KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4591 : Ne shulde no gentil kniȝth..norissh no founde [LinI: founden] wiȝth.
4.
Used to state the existence, occurrence, or location of someone or something without reference to a specific act or time of finding: (a) man findeth, men finden, thou findest, one finds, there is (are); (b) ben founden, to be met with or occur generally; hence, to exist, to be, to be alive; to be available; to live or be (in a certain place); of an event: to occur or take place; of a process: to be known or heard of; (c) (ben) to finden, to be found, to be in existence.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5388 : Rihht seffne bedess þatt mann finnt Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)132 : A-mong foure schore vnneþe findestow on gode.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2333 : Scarsly shaltow fynden any persone that may kepe conseil secrely.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)37/5 : In þat ryuere men fynden many precyouse stones.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)256 : Four maners mai men fynd of þo.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)33 : Kyng Rychard, þe werryour beste þat men fynde in ony ieste.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)33/4 : Wyrc þanne clydan of eorþan..þa byþ fundan on Ytalia.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.335 : No kyng Frollo is i-founde amonge þe Frensche men.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2048 : Was funden þan na breke in land.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)10/19 : Contrarious qualitees þat ben founden in elementis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)356 : Schal no flesch upon folde by fonden on lyve.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.287 : Oon þe best in his tyme founde.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)16b/a : A ston founden in helle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)55a/b : It is founden [L adinuentum est] for to make hem..of hempe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)165b/a : Placez in which apotecariez be not founden [L reperiuntur].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)165b/b : Al þingez be nouȝt founde [L reperiuntur] in al placez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)435 : I sall be foundyn in Fraunce.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)808 : Two phylozophirs..In the seuyn scyence the suteleste fonden.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)401 : And loth with abraham furth was fun.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)126/24 : A meruelliows drink..lyke to it is non fowndin.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2054 : Þai had þair gudes all in common; Proprietary was þare nane fonn.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)35/3 : [God] in whom all vertu plentevously is ffounde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)65/43 : Full fell folk ther Was fun In kyng Pharao youre fader dayes.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8561 : All maner of mesurys yat er fonden within ye sayd Burgage..schall be schewed and prevyd.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8258 : Anoþer tre o suilk a kind In all þis warld war noght to find.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)660 : With-outen ende at any noke I quere fynde.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.98 : Fro cristis crovne to his too was none hele forto fynde [L nulla sanitas erat].
5.
To meet with or come across (a fact or incident) in books; to discover the existence or location of in written records; to read or read about; to discover or take note of (something from history or tradition, especially as recorded in writings); finden writen;-- (a) with obj.; (b) with obj. clause.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)37/33 : Do ðu alswa we hit a boke finden iwriten.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)2 : We vyndeþ hit iwrite in þe godspelle.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)342 : In her lay the sarrazins found apliȝt [read: a pliȝt] Of iubiter & mahoun.
- a1350 SLeg.Juliana (Ashm 43)1 : Seyn Julian com of heie men, as we fyndeþ iwrite.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.124 : She neuere cessed, as I writen fynde, Of hir prayere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2812 : Of soules fynde I nat in this registre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.728 : A tale of gret ensample I finde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10198 : In almis dede hir lijf sco ledd, Als we find in the stori redd.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1737 : In Phares fynde I forsoþe þise felle saȝes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)105/35 : The vertues of þe dyamand, as men may fynden in the lapidarye.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)10 : In Englyssh to endyte This olde storie, in Latyn which I fynde.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)9/18 : He fond not þe name of Crist in al þis book.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Brog 2.1)25/39 : In þe gospel wryttyne exampul I fynde.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)13/4 : Eft we findeð ðat ðe apostel seið [etc.].
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2748 : It is in philosofie yfounde Þat þer beþ in þe eyr an hey ver fram þe grounde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)186 : And is ine þo boc yuonde þet þe wolues draȝeþ uorþ þe children.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3445 : From hire childhede I fynde that she fledde Office of wommen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.5 : It is i-founde [vr. yvounde] in cronykes þat Kyngilsus assignede [etc.].
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)35/10 : We fyndeþ þat Salomon þe wise..chaungide somwhat of Goddes lawe.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)116/31 : Þei fynden in þe prophete ysaie..þat þe prophete makiþ þere mencioun [etc.].
6.
(a) To encounter or experience (something); (b) to find or receive (favor, protection, relief, help, etc.); to enjoy (someone's friendship, kindness, etc.); to come into the possession of (something), to derive (profit); (c) to experience or suffer (adversity, misfortune, revenge, etc.); to feel or have (fear, grief, hunger, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)777 : They tolden him of auentures þat þey hadde founde.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)928 : Oger tho off hys stede ffelle..Such hap he hath þere ffounde.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)4/24 : Ne mihten heo..none reste finden.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.250 : Ȝiff þatt we shulenn wurrþi ben To findenn Godess are.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7613 : Nennius..ne mihte finden bote of his hæfued wunde.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)696 : Ȝif he ne kon his wit at holde, Ne uint he red inone uolde.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)359 : Muche was þe blisse..Þat hi þare funden of mete & of drinke.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)775 : He..hopede vor to finde of hire betere mulce & grace.
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)136 : No mon mai so sunful be..þat ne fynd socour at þe.
- 1372 My folk now (Adv 18.7.21)11 : No frenchipe fond i in þe wan þat i hadde nede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2895 : He shal fynde gretter grace.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1862 : Lo, what profit a man mai finde Which hindre wole an other wiht.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24473 : Nu findes þou na better bliss þan þi suns blod to kis.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24729 : We prai..þat we mai find hir sun for frend.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)851 : Y þanke þe Þat y may fynden glad to be In al my lyf tyme ones.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)3 : Fayre formez myȝt he fynde in for[þ]ering his speche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.32 : I fynde som fauour [etc.].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.391 : Ne trust no wight to fynden in Fortune Ay propretee; hire yiftes ben comune.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)91/25 : Frenschyp certan lyghtlye is lousyd, qwhen in þe frendes ar not fune qwharfor he suld be lufyd.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)210 : Marie Maudeleyne..hade fune before tyme ffull mekill grace.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)51/8 : Þi gracyous lordchep lete us fynde.
c
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)431 : Ðis deuel..wo so him folegeð, he findeð sonde.
- a1300 Loke to þi louerd (StJ-C A.15)12 : Ne saltu no wit vinde bute anguisse and wo.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2347 : A stern stroke he fand Opon his helme so schene.
- c1330 Harrow.H.(Auch)49 : Seþþen haue y fond & wist hot & cold, hunger & þrest.
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)357 : Ichaue..founden muche drede aȝeyn þat I schal dye.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)265/358 : On eiþer half he fond vn glad.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2129 : In all his weie he fynt no lette.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1275 : Thise bacheleres synge allas, Whan that they fynde any aduersitee In loue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6296 : Oft sith þai fand his wrak.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.71 : Mishappyng þerfor he fond.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1263 : As he fint resistence.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2191 : His foomen fonde ful vnsoote.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)60/16 : Tribulacion & sorow I haue fun.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)333/28 : What displesans haste þou fon in me?
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)984 : Allas..that euer thys sorw schulde be founde.
7.
To discover, find out, or learn by inspection, investigation, observation, or reflection; finden out; --(a) with obj.; (b) with obj. and compl.; (c) with obj. and inf.; (d) with obj. clause.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)34/25 : Þa tealde..Lucas..alle þa fæderæs æfre..he funde þa seofen and hundseofentiȝ fæderæs.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25753 : Noht he þer ne funde bute a muchel fur þer berninde.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)267/234 : Of al þat he hadde oute i-founde, no-þing he ne sede.
- a1300 Man and wyman (NC 88)8 : Turn mi bodi abuten, oueral þu findest blod.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)181 : Ech uand zuych smac ase he wolde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2461 : For non schold in þat barnes bodi o brusure finde.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.251 : The swete smel that in myn herte I fynde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6326 : O pine tre..he fand.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)14/11 : Þe superfluytees þat he fyndiþ in þe wounde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)133 : He fande wyth his yȝe..A þral.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)13/13 : Wher-so is founden any softenes.
- ?c1425 Craft Number.(Eg 2622)23/5 : Þat nounbre, þe quych þou fyndes þere, is þe nounbre þat comes of the multiplicacion of þe 2 digittes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)48.423 : The Net to þe lond they drowen..On fysch fownden they Sekerly.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)80/238 : All maner of savowrys in þis mete I fynde.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)367 : Tydyngys of hym sone he fonde, Slayne men on every honde.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)94/28 : Þoo þinges whoche he fynt in his visitacioun.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1070 : Þa fand he for bærnd wið innan & wið utan eall butan þa cyrece ane.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)87 : [He] fint it emti of iuele gostes.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)31/688 : He turnez þe cradel and fint þe child quik, Hol, and sond.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2485 : Þei founde al awei fare, bi-fore þat þer wore.
- (1384) Procl.Brembre in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk H)33 : Yef eny man fynt hym y-greued in eny poynt forsaid, come and pleyne hym to the Mair.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4071 : John gooth out and fynt his hors away.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)231a/b : The fruyt..is y founde swete.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)9/444 : A mans face was neuer ȝit fun Like to a-nother in al making.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)13 : No man the fyr out of the flint yit fond.
- (1439) RParl.5.8b : All ye surpluse..such as shall be found deue upon ye accompts.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)892 : Than fynt he hymself..More strong to performyn his iourne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)50.296 : Al Open the gate þere fownden he.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1150 : Men may wel often fynde A lordes sone do shame and vileynye.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)514 : Ydel men stande he fyndez þerate.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6857 : Where fyndest thou a swynker of labour Have me unto his confessour?
d
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2894 : Y finde Þat schamely schent ar we.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)310/30 : Þai fande how all þe hare was plukkid of be þe rutis.
8.
(a) finden faute (lak), to discover a fault, flaw, or deficiency; to find fault, take exception;--often with at, in, to, with phrase; (b) ~ chalange (cause), take exception, find fault, reproach.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)475 : Faute þer-Inne ȝif þat he fynde.
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Hnt EL 26.A.17)5.7095* : He can so wel hise wordes slyke..That in his excusacioun Ther schal noman defalte finde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.394 : For thogh he preise, he fint som lak.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)114/12 : Þat þare be na defawt funn.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)7/27 : And may fynde a defaute in a kingis palice made to þe kingis worschip.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.PPeace (Hrl 2255)141 : Esaw wolde haue founde a laak.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)507 : Þe faute be not in þam fun.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)303 : Whan we faren to fed, we finde no faute.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4850 : Rule vs by rightwisnes..Þat no fawte with vs founden be.
- (c1450) Boothe be ware (CotR 2.23)228 : Be faitheffulle, and feynte not fawtus to fynde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7628 : Whare he fande faute of honeste.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.7a : Suche defaute fyndyng in any of the seid Collectours.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)21/420 : That no man at thame fynd fawt ne blame..Nowther with hym nor with his knafe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)71/236 : Greatt defawte with hym youre fader fand.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)369 : In hys talkyng no man cowde fynde lak.
b
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)675 : Luke þowe kepe the so clere, there be no cause fonden.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5964 : Alle þyng þat vnswaret he, þai dispisiden hokurly And fonden chalange.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)851 : So curtays þou be, That no mon fynde chalange to þe.
9.
(a) To detect or catch someone in the act of sinning or committing an offence; founde hond habbing, ~ in the dede, caught in the act; (b) to detect or discover (sin, falsehood, an offense).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)177 : Þa þe habbeð doules werc idon & þer inne bo ifunde.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)26/558 : Who is founde hond habbing, Hit nis non nede of witnessing.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)547 : In þe fylþe of þe flesch þat þou be founden never.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)46/14 : Yef any es funden with fawte..sho sal acline to þerþe.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)46 : She was neuer founde with no lesyng.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)466 : If we be fune [vr. fon] full of syn.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)229 : For sche was founde with þe dede, Me ne leuede noȝt þat sche sede.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/24 : Hie findeþ upe ðe of here werkes.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)8/63 : Sunne ne foundest þou neuer non In me.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1815 : Lest in his broder ther wer falsed found.
- (1455) RParl.5.334b : Of hym or theym that shall fynde and prove suche byinge contrarie to the Ordynaunce abovesaid.
10.
To find out, or learn, from experience or by testing (a fact or truth); to form, or have, an opinion or conviction; to regard or consider (something in a certain way); ben founden, prove to be;-- (a) with obj. and compl.; (b) with obj. clause.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9099 : He seide heom seolkuð inoh, & al heo funden soð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)25/243 : Þu fondedest abraham & fundest him treowe.
- ?c1335 Þe king of heuen (Hrl 913)p.121 : Nas neuer non so fule ifund As he in helle liþ abund.
- a1350 Middelerd for mon (Hrl 2253)62 : Ðe fend in fyht vs fynt so feynt.
- c1390 I warne vche (Vrn)76 : Consente þou not to such folye Þat founden is so foul trespas.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2278 : This Iew, this Salomon, Fand of vs wommen fooles many oon.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)191 : Ay þo more I profet in þo luf of Ihesu, swetter I fand it.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)640 : He watz funden fautlez in his fyue wyttez.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)35/6 : Ȝif eny priuylege..is y-founde & y-knowe harmful & greuous to þe comynte.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.851 : Yat metaill..whilk was proved and founden fals.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)710 : Þe way of lif..Þai sal find both hard & straite.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)47/218 : I were leuer than all wardly wyn That I had fon hym onys vnkynde, Bot no defawt I faund hym in.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)118/78 : These men that ar wed haue not all thare wyll..My parte haue I fun, I know my lesson.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8562 : Ye qwhyche two tastars..schall taste the ale of all common brewers every weke; and yai fynde any ale not sufficiant [etc.].
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.45 : Acc þu shallt findenn þatt min word..Maȝȝ hellpenn þa þatt redenn itt.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)69/244 : Ic habbe ifunde hu me mei in sunne bon ibunde.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1515 : Nu ich habbe ifunde Þat maidenes beoþ of þine imunde.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)4.57 : Whose worcheþ bi wil, wraþþe makeþ ofte..þou schalt hit sone fynde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1659 : I nevere unto Criseyde..Was fals..it shal be founde at preve.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3048 : Ryth wel þis founde he haue: a-ȝeyns Rythwysnesse may I not holde.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)71/50 : Howe they encrese full wele we kenn, Als oure elders be-fore vs fande.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)38 : Þe mai not be excusid þat fond what he miȝt lere, & ȝaf not wark þer to.
11.
To discover (something) through search or effort, to succeed in finding; to come upon after seeking.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)30/25 : Ne mihten heo on nane stowe swylc treow finden.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1279 : Ȝho Ne maȝȝ himm nowwhar findenn.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)12b : Min heorte is icumen aȝein eft; ich hire habbe ifunden.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/27 : Þo kinges hem wenten and hi seghen þo sterre..al swo hi hedden i-fonden ure louerd.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3190 : Ðor he doluen, and hauen sogt, And funden, and hauen up-brogt Ðe bones ut of ðe erðe.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)141 : Fare y wille wiþ þe And finde Þi fair folk.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)36.38 : Ich soȝt hym, and his stede nas nouȝt yfunden.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))SSol.3.2 : I soȝte hym and I fond not.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.443 : Houses were besiliche y-serched ȝif out myȝt be y-founde [L reperiri].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.761 : If that yow be so leef To fynde deeth, turn vp this croked wey.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) John & Boy (Phys-E)117 : In this tim was crist soht Wit prophetis gern, bot fand thai noht.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14159 : Faand þai him noght in þat contre.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)prol.p.7 : In pe translacioun I folow þe letter..and þare I fynde na propir Inglys, I folow þe witte of þe word.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)472 : If þou druye fyndez, Bryng bodworde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)324 : As þou foly hatz frayst, fynde þe behoues.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)59/151 : I sal noght fyne, Þat haly tre or I haue fun.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.852 : Yai yode and serched, and yai fand yar ij barels.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)107/19 : In sekynge þai suld not sees to þa had fun.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)157/183 : But goth to fynde þat ȝe sech.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)286 : Whan þat noe hadde fowne londe.
12.
Hunt. (a) To catch sight of or get on the trail of (game); of dogs: to get the scent or discover the trail of (a quarry); also, to move or start (an animal) from its resting place; finden of; (b) used fig. of a person pursued or sought.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)7 : Alle hise fet steppes After him he filleð..ðat he ne cunne is finden.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)2511 : A gret bore þai founden, y-wis, & hij vncopled her houndis.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)203 : Þei founde ful sone a grete bor.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2299 : The grete hert anon was founde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1704 : He [the fox] fyskez hem by-fore, þay founden hym sone.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)92 : Whan he seeth þat it is an hert þat he fyndeþ of, vncouple þe fynders.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)109 : As ofte as he meteþ or fyndeþ.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)437 : The huntes went..Thorgh the forest, game forto fynde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1212 : The herde of hertes founden is anon With 'Hay! go bet! pryke thow!'
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)2246 : [He] Vncoupleth his houndes..Forto fynde now this wylde Beest.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)64 : [He] oft crist þonkes, þat hade him sent þo sonde swiche prey to finde.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1212 : [They] fonde hem bilyve, Overtok hem as tyd, tult hem of sadeles.
13.
To obtain or get (something) by seeking or by effort; to secure (something needed or desired) through striving; also, to recover or regain (something formerly held or possessed); to overtake or seize (someone) after pursuit or search; finden up or out.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8675 : Siþþenn fand ȝho mele inoh & elesæw to fode.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)14/132 : Meiðhad is þet tresor þet, beo hit eanes forloren, ne bið hit neauer ifunden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)40/17 : [They] wenden for te habben golthord ifunden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)601 : Ac wat etestu..Bute attercoppe..ȝif þu miȝte finde.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)256 : Now may he al day digge and wrote, Er he finde his fille of rote.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2090 : Ȝif þei found out þat freke..to bring him bliue bounde fast him to-fore.
- ?a1425 Ihesu þi swetnes (RwlPoet 175)31 : A better fode may na man fynde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4141 : And in oure yerd tho herbes shal I fynde..To purge yow bynethe and eek aboue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1172 : Quen þai me fin, þai wil me sla.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)327 : Now haf I fonte þat I forlete.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.10 : How watir may be fonde.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.BC (Trin-C R.3.20)119 : To fynde more vitayle.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)357 : In oure Englonde are suche comoditees..Whych ben by wytte and prattike bothe ifounde.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.123 : This dramme fonden vp, was sho noght littelle gladde & myrye.
14.
(a) finden herte, to take heart or have the heart (to do something); ~ in herte, to make up one's mind, be inclined or willing (to do something); (b) ~ countenaunce, to assume (a certain) expression.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2056 : How mihtest thou thin herte finde..That thou acordest to the slawhte Of him which was thin oghne lord?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5181 : That he at eny time scholde..in his herte finde To falsen and to ben unkinde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.850 : In myn hert I can neuere fynde To ben allyed with my mortal foo.
- 1448(1435) *Mandeville Brut (Arms 58:Kooper)f.315v : A God God, hough myght Robert of Houland fynde in his herte þus to bytraye me suþ þat Y loued hym so much?
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)20 : Can ȝe fynde in ȝour herte to loue me best before alle thynge?
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)324 : He slepte..so savourly, þat þe preste ne non othir myȝt fynde in hire herte to wake him.
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.979 : He..fond his contenaunce As for to looke upon an old romaunce.
15.
(a) To procure, arrange, or provide (something for someone); to furnish or supply (something to someone); (b) to provide, supply or present (someone with something);--with mid, of, to phrase; (c) to endow (someone with virtues).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Martin abbot..fand þe munekes & te gestes al þat heom be houed.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6136 : To findenn all þatt æfre iss ned Abutenn Godess allterr.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3257 : Heo him wolden finden hauekes & hundes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)52/26 : Ich..font [Roy: fond] hire flutunge & fedde flesches fode.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2263 : In-to þe holie londe he scholde finde to hundret knyȝtes, to fiȝte Al ane ȝer with þe templers.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6016 : Euere eiȝte hide lond an man him ssolde finde.
- a1350 Heȝe louerd (Hrl 2253)44 : Myn godes..þat feyre founden me mete & cloht.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1375 : Finde me min askeing, Mine fiftend som of kniȝt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.39 : Þat lond..wolde fynde corn i-now for alle þe men of Wales.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.64 : I schal fynden hem heore fode þat Feiþfuliche lyuen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5414 : Þe king þam faand al þair liueladd.
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : Rob't schall fynde And make cariage of sand als mekyll' has yaim nedes.
- (1436) Will York in Sur.Soc.3075 : He sall synde hymselfe brede and wyne and wax.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)703 : He badde þay solde send owte a knyghte Þat myghte hym fynde his fille of fyghte.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)394/1 : Hugh shold fynde the forsaid Anneys..in vitaile, clothyng, and shoyng.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)52/24 : Ȝevyng with hem so mych goode as they myght be sufficiently founde in mete drynke & cloth.
- (1487) Will Uvedale in SAC 3166 : I..bequeathe all..to..Elizabeth..my godchild..to the intent that said Elizabeth..yerely do fynde an obite for my soule during the lief of them.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)355 : To riche & poore this beeste fynt [vr. fyndyth] clothyng.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)94/272 : All wroght thay silk to fynd them on.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Ic þe wile finden þær to gold and siluer, land & ahte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)83 : Hou þet hit by uounde myd amendement.
- (1431-2) Will York in Sur.Soc.3020 : To fynde hyrre of a gentele woman lyfelade.
c
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)153/50 : The childe..in all vertuys ffowndyn meste.
16.
(a) To procure (surety) for oneself; to furnish (hostages, bail, or other security); to give (a pledge or guarantee); (b) ~ witnesse, furnish proof.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : He suor on halidom and gysles fand, þat he alle his castles sculde iiuen up.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4783 : Him wolden finden ȝisel of his gilde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2161 : Hii hom wolde..sikernesse vinde gode, To bere hom clene hor truage.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10226 : To vinde him gode borewes & sauf condut.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)305 : Ich wole finde mahoun to borwe.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)49 : Þat he fynde sufficiant suerte er hit be delivered to hym.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)47 : Ȝif he ne wole fynde [F trouer] borowes.
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 777 : The seid Richard May was arested..and fonde seurtee to þe somme of xv c Crownes to answere as þe lawe wold.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.65 : [He] fyndyth sieurtee to appere by fore the Maire and Sherreff.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)597/29 : Yf the forsaid Abbesse fynde the suerte to sewe her clayme.
- (1475) RParl.6.148a : Uppon suertie therfore to be founden.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.169 : I wol it preue and fynde good witnesse, That sooth is that my bille wol expresse.
17.
(a) To support or maintain (someone); to provide the necessities of life for; to nourish or feed; (b) finden to or at scole, to support (someone) at school; (c) to support, maintain (a priest for a specific function or service); to provide for the services of (a priest); (d) to provide for furnishing and maintaining (a light, lamp, or other object in a church).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)219 : Ake is fader him nolde finde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)757 : Sixti kniȝtes wiþ honour to vinde [B: sywen] him al his lif.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)693 : How falsly has fortune founde me nowþe.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.53 : Falsnesse schal fynden hire for euere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4019 : By housbondrye..She foond hire self and eek hire doghtren two.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.847 : The feend foond hym in swich lyuynge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.633 : Whil that he mai take Richesses whereof to be founde.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)33/14 : Oþer men..þat hem seweden and founden hem, spendynge of her owene propre goodes.
- (1418) EEWills34/17 : I wille that..she ffounde be of my goddes.
- (c1420) Will in Bk.Lond.E.221/10 : He will that Richard..fynde his fadir and his modir and his sister with the profitz of the place.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3847 : [They] wante vitaille to fynde hem in substaunce.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)376 : Thimothie shulde worschipe, that is to seie, finde and nurische, tho wommen.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)176 : The Kyng wex so pore, that he had not to fynde his houshold.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)6.27 : Thei scholde have so mony wives and concubynes as a man myȝte fynde [L sustentare].
b
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.36 : My fader and my frendes founden me to scole.
- (1443) Will Finch(1) in Archaeol.Cant.13 (Add 5516)322 : To ffynde hem to here lernyng unto the age of xx yere.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2690 : Þe whilk was hir fader sonn, And in scotlande at scele [read: scole] fonn.
- (1472) Will York in Sur.Soc.45205 : I will he [be] fownd att the scole.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)255 : A summe of golde, that he myȝt be founde to scole withe.
c
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.74 : To fynden a Preste to syngen atte autere of Seint George.
- (a1428) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3260 : Also y wolle, whar ever owre bodyes be beryed..a preest be founde ij ȝere to synge the grete Trentall of Seint Gregory.
- (1436) EEWills105/1 : Y wull that ther be founden at þe vniuersitees of Oxonford or Cambrigge..two gode, honnest, and vertuous preestes of conuersacioun, the terme of xx yere, prayenge for the soules of me.
- (1459) Will Fastolf in Nrf.Archaeol.2230 : That thanne he fynde or doo finde yerely..vij prests to pray for ye said soulys in ye said mansion.
- (1469) Will Pembroke in Antiq.439 : Item, too prestes to be found to sing afore the Trinite at Lanteliewe for my soule.
d
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)46/32 : Hwase..findeð in ham liht oðer lamp.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.40 : Þat þei shullen meynten and fynden a light in þe same chirche in honor of þe selue seynt Austyn.
- ?1403 Yk.BPrayer(1) (Harv Widener 1)65/3 : All that thar-in findes boke or chales, vestiment, lyght or towell.
- (1470) Bequest Wrotham in Archaeol.Cant.23149 : A pece of land to fynd a lampe to brenne bifore Saint George for euer.
18.
(a) To discover, learn, or find out (something) by mental effort; to ascertain (a cause, reason, explanation, etc.) by examining, analyzing, and evaluating; to determine (the meaning or significance of a sign, symbol, or figure); finden out; (b) to attain an understanding of (someone or something); to fathom.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)657 : Her to ne uindestu neuer andsware.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)92 : No liknesse, ne non comparisoun ne may by yuounde ine yoyes and ine lostes of þe wordle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)24 : Sotil wyt, wel uor to vynde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.493 : He seith he kan no difference fynde Bitwix a man that is out of his mynde And a man which that is dronkelewe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3072 : Problemes and demandes eke, His wisdom was to finde and seke.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2127 : What sleighte is it..That he nyl fynde it out in som manere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1554 : Scoleres skelten þeratte þe skyl for to fynde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)16.137 : Treuthe þat loþ is to be yfounde.
- a1425 Wycl.MCh.(Bod 788)414 : Men shulden fiynde þat it mai not be proved þat it is resonable to have sich a pope.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6191 : For he fonde oute þe cause of euerydel.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.19 : Allas! that they sholde evere cause fynde To speke hire harm.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)591 : Who can a resoun fynde or wit in that?
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)5/15 : If enye man kan nowe, or schal kunne bettir fynde þan y haue founde, and schal bi goddis grace fynde wherbi he may amende þe doctryne.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)4/14 : If it were founde þat his meenyng and vndirstonding..were errour or heresie.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)141/11 : No witty man myȝte fynde and se and prove vndoutabily þe contrarye.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)55/125 : I fynde in þis [commandment] thi gostly fadyr and modyr.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 11.7 : Vnto perfit the Almyȝti thou shalt finde.
- 1386-1398(a1349) Rolle Com.LG (Rwl A.389)65 : Crist may þou not fynde; for he is not founden in þaire londe þat lifes in flescheli lustes.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)14/19 : Þe begynnynge of þe godhede be no reson nor no witt may be fun, becaus begynyng it has not.
19.
To find out or ascertain (something) by calculation; to reckon or compute (time); to determine (someone's fate) by calculation; finden out.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.191 : By þe evenes of þe day and nyȝt in springynge tyme, it may be i-founde which is þe firste oþer þe laste monþe of þe ȝere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2768 : Sche gan acounte and cast wel þe tyme, And fonde a quarter was passid after pryme.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)366 : To fynde out..By Craft only Of Calculacioun The Chyldes face [read: fate] and disposicioun.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.115 : I have ek founde it be astronomye, By sort, and by augurye ek.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.1.1 : To fynde the degre in which the sonne is day by day, after his cours aboute.
20.
Law Of a judge, jury, or other investigating or judicial authority: (a) to determine, adjudge, decide, or declare (a question at issue, the guilt or innocence of someone, a verdict); (b) finden offis, to return a verdict in an inquest of office; also, to carry on or conduct an inquest of office or other litigation in which ownership of land is at issue; (c) to return a verdict (for or against someone); (d) to assert or establish as fact (something observed or known to be true, that is, something which is not a matter of opinion or judgment).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)369 : Ine vynde nenne gult in þisse monne.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 23.4 : I fynde no thing of cause in this man.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)250/6 : It was fonden by enquest of þe citee, þat þe Englisshe-men biganne þe debate.
- (1424) Paston2.13 : The seyd Walter and Richard were founden gilty of the seyd trespas by an inquisicion ther of takyn.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)273 : If we be fun gilty in þis thing.
- (1432) RParl.4.390a : Founden and proved before the Tresorer of Engelond.
- (1437) RParl.4.509b : It was founde by xxiiii notable men..that the said xii men in the premisses hadde made goode and true Othe.
- (1441) Let.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12118 : He supposez att that suld be fun brekyng of treuez.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8522 : Thes er ye grefis yt xij men fendes defectyffe.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)45 : Þe Holi Goost..schal find þis world of dome.
b
- (1472-3) RParl.6.25b : That all Offices founden of the premisses or of any of theym..be..voide.
- (?1474) Stonor Suppl.11 : To se the offyce found, furst at Dorchester j d., at Abyndon vij d. [etc.].
- (1475) RParl.6.148a : Dyvers Offices and Inquisitions dayly been founden and taken.
c
- (1436) RParl.4.501b : Pleded, tried, and founden ageyn these xiii Defendauntz.
- (1475) RParl.6.148a : The mater therof for hym founde.
d
- (1445) Visit.Alnwick2.116 : We fynde that your monastery [etc.].
- (1470) LRed Bk.Bristol2.133 : We fynd howe that the priour..hath a tenement in the hie strete.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8526 : We fend yt Ryc' Derreke his lepere.
21.
(a) To discover or introduce the use, or a way to make use, of (something); to invent or contrive (an instrument or device); to originate (a practice, an activity, a method of doing something); to devise, formulate, or originate (an art or craft, laws, rules, principles, etc.); finden up (out); (b) to originate or introduce formally (a religion, holy order, convent, etc.); hence, to institute, establish, or found; ~ up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)255 : Þe feont þe findeð euch uuel.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)427 : Awaried worþe swikedom & þat hit erest funde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)440 : Met of corn and wigte of fe And merke of felde first fond he.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1692 : Hit was ffurst y-ffounde Þorw seint Siluestre þe pope, þat oure lordes fflesch al-so Shal beo ysacred vp þe weued.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.297 : He fonde it [the letter X] up skilfulliche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1030 : He the ferste in thilke lond Was which the melodie fond Of Riedes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1202 : Sche fond ferst..The cloth makinge of wolle and lyn.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7040 : In þis ilk Iairs time Was letters funden o latine.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.659 : Phebus that first fond art of medicyne.
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)96/10 : Þese fonden firste þe werkes of bras & of iren.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)54/429 : To fynde oute a-ȝens pestilence Preseruatifes to staunche hit & to fyne.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PPPriests (Corp-C 296)276 : Wiþ..obseruauncis founden of synful men.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.1730 : Phoroneus first the lawes fond.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2500 : Aristeus fond out the vsage Off mylk & cruddis.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)120a : Custommable vsage of werres contryueþ or fynt vp more newe craft of werres.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.26 : Marie fande [L inveniebat] first the avowe of gloriouse maydenhede.
b
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)361 : I haue founden vp aȝeyn þe abbesse of þe holigost & al hire holy couent.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)154 : A nothir chirche which is founden up of synful folis.
- c1400(?c1384) Wycl.50 HFriars (Bod 647)367 : Hor religioun, founden of synful men.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)71/1 : Fraunceys..fonde vp þe first ordre.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)534 : For this eende religiouns weren founde and foundid.
- (c1390) Chart.Abbey HG (LdMisc 210)347 : For to maken aȝen þe abbeye of þe holy gost & fynden vp þe couent þat is þus goon aweye.
22.
(a) To devise or discover (a means of doing something); finden wei; (b) to arrange to get (a time or opportunity for doing something).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3246 : Ðat euerilc kinde of israel Mai ðor his weige finden wel.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1109 : Thei founde a weie, Wher strengthe myhte noght aweie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3153 : If thou wolt funde a siker weie To love, put Envie aweie.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6044 : [He] Compassid hath and y-founde a wyle, How þe Grekis shal þe cite wynne & take.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)178/9 : How þat þei schull fynden hire weye.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)4.2303 : He cowde fro the resons no weye fynde.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.230 : He fynde maye leyser conuenient Vp-on his purpos platly to procede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1997 : Euere among on hym sche cast hir eye, Whan þat sche fonde a leyser oportune.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.518 : Pandarus..Hadde out of doute a tyme to it founde.
23.
(a) To compose or produce by way of artistic endeavor (a literary or musical work); to produce (a treatise); ~ of neue, to compose or tell in a different or original form; ~ notes, to sing a song, recite; (b) to devise, fabricate, or concoct (something unreal or false); to invent or tell (lies); to counterfeit (an excuse).
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)170 : Þet þu bringe þene Munuch..þet funde ðesne song.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)4 : Layes þat ben in harping ben yfounde of ferli þing.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)105 : Hou he ssolde vinde uayre notes.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.736 : Or ellis he moot telle his tale vntrewe Or feyne thyng or fynde wordes newe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.23 : Thyng that was maad of auctours hem beforn, Thei may off newe fynde.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)Introd.69 : I ne usurpe not to have founden this werk of my labour or of myn engyn. I nam but a lewd compilator.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)319 : Ech [bird] of hem hym peyned To fynde out mery crafty notes.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)9/28 : Ðis was ðe forme leasinge ðe æure was ȝefunde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)61 : Þe uerste is huanne me vint leaȝinges.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.36 : Iapers and Iangelers..Founden hem Fantasyes.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1580 : He may nat..fynde excuse aright that may suffise.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)16a/a : Commentor: to fynd lesinges.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)243/26 : Þe forseyd wordys wer neuyr of hir spekyng..Þei wer fowndyn of þe Deuyl, fadyr of lesyngys.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)66/19 : Traitours and flatterers that so myche fals lyhyng has founde.