Middle English Dictionary Entry
ēre n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | ēre n.(1) Also yere, yare, eire, ire. Pl. ēren, ērn, ēres (c1300- ). |
Etymology | OE ēare, ēaran (pl.) |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
The ear as a part of the body of man and beast.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)11/21 : To þan earen.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)9/4 : Nim þanne þa sealfe and ȝeot on þæs seocys mannes eare.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)23 : Þes monnes eȝan..and his earen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)197 : Þe neddre secheð a ston and leið hire on eare þer to and hire oðer eare pilteð hire tail þer inne.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)106 : Et muð & et earen.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34a : Te wind ne wundeð nawt bute þe eir [vrr. eare, eares] ane.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)249 : Þe oþre lemes y-dobled, ase þe eȝen [and] earen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.159 : Foure foted bestes wiþoute eren.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.255 : I dar legge boþe myn Eres Þat Fisyk schal [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.196 : This hors..fro his tayl unto his ere, Nature ne art ne koude hym nat amende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)43a/b : Þe ouermest partie of þe eere hatte pynnula in latyn..þe substaunce of þe verrey ere is grisly..voys of þe aier..comeþ to þe gristel bon &..entreþ in to þe hooles..I sette in þe stony boon in þe whiche synewes ben I piȝt þat comeþ fro þe brayn.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)216/17 : A postyme þat comeþ in a mannes eere or in þe rotis of a mannis eeren.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)254/5 : Þe hoolis in a mannes eeris.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)39b/a : Apostemez of þe herez..Som beþ made in þe profounde of þe ere, some in þe superficitee, some in þe rote of þe ere.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)196/11 : Receyve þe fume..at bothe erys.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)9578 : As a flee were in myn Ere.
2.
The visible external part of the ear; the ere(s gloweth, the ears 'are red' or 'burn' because one is being talked about.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)18b : Bridel nis nawt ane i þe horses muð; ah sit sum up o þe ehnen, & geað abute þe earen.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1528 : Cheken and eren al fforbete wiþ boffettes were al-so.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)646 : Felawe, art þou notht he þat my nere birafust me?
- a1350 Lord þat lenest (Hrl 2253)23 : He sitteþ ase a slat swyn þat hongeþ is eren.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)996 : He..ȝaf him a strok al on ys yre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)260a/b : And euerich beste þat haþ eeren moeueþ þe eeren, outake man.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8080 : Lang and side þair brues wern, And hinged all a-bout þair hern [vrr. ern, eren, eres].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)254/11 : Þe eere was maad of cartilaginis þat is hardere þan fleisch & neischer þan boon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1022 : And we shal spek of the somwhat, I trowe, Whan thow art gon, to don thyn eres glowe!
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6451 : A Ector, thin ere auȝt to glowe.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.42/25 : The calfe..we shall marke..one the ere.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1086 : Erne had he [a giant] full huge.
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)132/33 : Afftyr the determynacion off the eyn, myn autour wrytyth off the erys.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)57 : When ye put þem in to þe howse, let þem be marked þe ere & ordygne you a strange iron to marke þem withe in þe forhede.
3.
The internal part of the ear as affected by aching or other disturbances.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)103.68/1 : Wið earan sare nim þara wurte wos.
- a1300 Wanne mine eyhnen (Trin-C B.1.45)2 : Wanne mine eyhnen misten, and mine heren sissen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2113 : Min erys aken of thy drasty speche.
- a1400 Wonne þin eren (Hrl 7322)250 : Wonne þin eren dinet and þi nese scharpet.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.35/24 : Sum man..hadde receyuyd remedie..from ryngyng of his erys.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)117/8 : For ake in þe heed and in þe eris.
4a.
The ear or ears as the organ of hearing; hence (esp. in phrases below), auditory function, sense, or perception; also, fig.
Associated quotations
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)1/17 : Him deaueþ þa æren; him dimmeþ [þa] eiȝen.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.133 : All Ennglisshe lede Wiþþ ære shollde lisstenn itt.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2800 : Rihht affterr þatt tin greting word wass cumenn i min ære.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)65 : Eare luste unnitte speche, turne þerfro and here godes word.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)4/7 : [H]ercneð, alle þe earen & herunge habbeð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1719 : Nan eorðlich ehe ne mei hit seon..ne nan eorðlich eare hercnin ne heren.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)222/282 : Þet good þet noon herte ne may i þenche, ne noon yare i here, ne tunge telle.
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)969 : Horn hit herde wiþ earen [vrr. with eren, wiþ his ires].
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)528 : Þe bli[sse]fulest notes..Þat euer ani man yherd wiþ ere.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)257 : Aye zuyche tongen me ssel stoppi þe yeren mid þornes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)154 : Þe eȝen to zyenne; þe yearen to hyere; þe nase to ssmelle.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 4.21 : This scripture is fulfillid in ȝoure eeris.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.135 : Oon of þe Iewes spak certayne wordes in a wylde boole his ere.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.75 : Weore þe Bisschop I-blesset and worþ boþe his Eres.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.10 : Good is that we..Do wryte..some matiere..So that it myhte..Whan we ben dede..Beleve to the worldes eere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)18b/b : He temptiþ þe eres by song.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)43a/b : The eere is þe Instrumente of hierynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)334a/a : Þe perfyte voice is hihe, swete, and strong..clere to fulle þe eeren.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11561 : Opone þyn herte, þy gostly eres, And þenke on here byttyr teres.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)208/21 : By the eeris we haue knowlech of Sovne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.106 : This lady, which that alday herd at ere Hire fadres shame.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.23 : Allas! with how deef an ere deth, cruwel, turneth awey fro wrecches.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)215 : Be blynd of eyȝe, and deef of here.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)500 : Thourgh myne eres the noyse wente tho.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PSacr.(Corp-C 296)221 : Þe peple of Gomor, perseyveþ wiþ heris þe lawe of oure Lord God.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)100/214 : Sone als þe voyce of þine haylsing Moght myn neres entre.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)256 : Þogh so be þat musik þe delite, And metir is full lusty to þy ere.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)50 : More scholen ȝe heren Of this Cas Openly declared to ȝoure Ere.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)36 : Wiþ þe eeris & een of his hert he schuld vnderstond hem.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)97/24 : Þe sensibilitez of þe Eres er harkenyng of souns.
- c1475 Scrope DSP Abbrev.(RwlPoet 32)307/29 : Men asked hym why he spake nott; and he answeryd that vertew of man was yn hys yeres.
4b.
With adj. or noun modifiers describing the receptiveness or disposition of the person listening; open eres.
Associated quotations
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)61/5 : Ðanne sculen godes eiȝen bien uppe ðe..and his earen opene to ðine b[i]enes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1128 : Mid swiðe open earen.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)115b : Habbe eauer hire earen opene toward hire dame.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3030 : Ful-ofte hir wordes sche reherceth, Er sche his slepi Eres perceth.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1422 : This Troilus, with herte and erys spradde, Herde al this thing devysen to and fro.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.61/21 : As he myghte parceyue with opyne eere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2650 : Let your lordship lystyn with a loue ere.
4c.
In predicate phrases with verbs indicating the giving or withholding of (auditory) attention or of favor.
Associated quotations
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)49 : Þe mon þe tuneð his eren..toȝeines godes laȝe and nule noht iheren þe weordes.
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)199 : We..swo ditteð þe eare and noh[t] ne hercneð here gal.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)145/5 : Se ðe want [auertit] his earen fram godes laȝhe.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)35 : Hie openeden hi[s] earen to luste þe defles lore.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)46/25 : Buh þine earen, healent godd, & bei to mine benen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)189 : Uor god ham wile do þet dyaue eare.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)257 : Huo þet þus couþe stoppi his earen he nolde yhyere [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3565 : You deigneth noght to plie, Ne toward me youre Ere encline.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)30.2 : Helde þi nere to me.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.725 : To Pandarus vois he lente his ere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.459 : Lest any wight devynen or devyse Wolde of hem two or to it laye an ere.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.1.5 : I astoned hadde yit streyght myn eres (that is to seyn, to herkne the bet what sche wolde seye).
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)519 : Nature..alwey hadde an ere To murmur of the lewednesse behynde.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.4805 : Of happ as he caste his ere aside, He of too porteris the counsail did espie How thei [etc.].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)211/325 : He heris me noȝt..He turnes his herre.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)332 : Sone thei cane..to fayr speche lyghtly þair yeres close.
4d.
comen (gon) to ere(s, to be reported to or come to the attention of (someone).
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8138 : Teȝȝre ræm Comm full wel till hiss ære.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10118 : It com þe kinge to ere.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137 : Þe ilke orible bosyne him went to þe yeare 'com to þine dome'.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.727 : To the peples ere Ther came no word.
- (a1467) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.lxxix : The same matier..came to the abbot of Westminster his eere.
4e.
(a) in or on (a person's) ere(s, privately, confidentally, in whispered tone; (b) in at on ere and out at the other, without making any impression on the mind.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)98 : Sing ine min earen..Ne speke bute to me.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1188 : He rounede in is wiues ere and tolde hire al is þouȝt.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)309 : Aþulf sede on hire ire [vrr. here, eere], So stille so hit were.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5140 : A messager þat spak al still in his er.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.224 : Þat þei rowned in erre in beddis, shal be prechid upon housis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3538 : Sche..secrely bad hym in hys ere..To hir chambre for to come at eue.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)2044 : Every wight that I saugh there Rouned everych in others ere A newe tydynge prively, Or elles tolde al openly.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)2058 : The thinges that I herde there, What aloude, and what in ere.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)59/24 : Ponthus came behynde the kynge and sayd to hym in his ere.
b
- a1300(?a1250) Serm.Atte wrastlinge (Trin-C B.1.45)106 : Þe harde harte of man..þat lat in godis word atte ton ere & vt atte toþir.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.434 : Troilus..Took litel heede of al that evere he mente; Oon ere it herde, at tother out it wente.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5154 : All yede out at oon ere That in that other she dide lere.
4f.
Associated quotations
- a1300 Trin-C.Prov.(Trin-C O.2.45)p.8 : Veld haued hege, and wude haued heare. Campus habet lumen et habet nemus auris acumen.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1522 : Feeld hath eyen, and the wode hath eres.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)268 : Wode has erys, fylde has siȝt.
5.
Combs.: (a) ere bowes, the temples or cheek bones; (b) ere clout, a blow on the ear; (c) ere finger [OE ēarefinger], the little finger; (d) ere hol, the hole in the ear; (e) ere lappe [OE ēarlæppa], the lobe of the ear; (f) ere mark, an identifying mark in or on an animal's ear; (g) ere pik, an instrument for cleaning wax out of the ears; (h) ere pren, an ornament for the ear; (i) ere ring [OE ēarhring], earring; (j) ere rounere, one who whispers in another's ear or spreads rumors; (k) sape of the ~, ere-sape [q.v.], earwax; (l) ere sparrere, an ear-closer [a literalism of translation]; (m) ere spon, ?a spoon-like instrument for removing wax from the ears; (n) ere wax, earwax; (o) erwigge, q.v.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)64a/a : The oþir [branch of a nerve] comeþ by þe ere bowys to þe chekes.
b
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)760 : The hynges sone..Gaue Rycharde an eere cloute.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)51b/b : Þe litile fyngre..hatte auricularis, þe Ere fyngir, for wiþ hym we clawen and piken þe eres.
d
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)11 : Lapet, oraile et molet: Dewelappe, here and herehole.
e
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)58/32 : His ere lappes waxes hethy.
f
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)136/611 : I know hym [a lamb] by the eere marke.
g
- (1392) Will York in Sur.Soc.4172 : Unum er pyk.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)136a/a. : Of defenez for filth..be it cured with a poyntel curatorie .i. erepike.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)41b : An Eyrpyke: Aurifricium.
h
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)540/40 : Inauris: earpreon.
i
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 42.11 : Thei ȝeue to hym eche a shep, and a golden ere ring.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.32.2 : Take ȝe the goldun eer rynges fro the eerys of wyues.
- 1468 Medulla (StJ-C C.22)45 : Inauris: þe Aryng in the ere.
j
- c1450 Wimbledon Serm.(Hat 57)11/26 : Þat he be not lad bi folis, non bi noon oþir ere rownerys.
k
- c1400 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Hrl 490)p.97 : Et orail dist chescun home Si de la tierd [glossed:] ersap ne soit charge.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)441 : Saap, of the ere: Pedora.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)676/9 : Colera: the ersope.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)748 : Tolera [read: colera]: a eresop.
l
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)67/1 : I am a fend, & I am callid Claudens Aurem, Ere sparrer.
m
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Arun 220)146 : Par cakenole [glossed: herespon] e cervele net.
n
- ?a1350 Recipe Painting(1) in Archaeol.J.1 (Hrl 2253)64 : Tac a lutel ere-wax ant pute therin.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)213b/b : Þis tree is y frootid wiþ leed to chaunge þe colour and ere wex is ydo þerto to make it somdel bitter and rede.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)col.676 fn.5 : Colera: arwax.
6.
Anat. One of the auricles of the heart.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)55a/a : In aiþir wombe of þe herte is a gobet I schape as an ere wiþoute and þese twey gobettis ben I clepid þe eren of þe herte.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)17b/b : Two smale eeres by þe whiche þe prep[ar]ate ayer arrayed of þe longes goþ into þe herte and comeþ oute.
7.
One of a pair of handles protruding from the body of a pot or other vessel.
Associated quotations
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)80 : Make þerof Eerys to pottes & colour it.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)298/22 : I was angrie, and starte vnto þe pott & brakk of þe tone ere þeroff.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)115 : A chalys of so grete wite þat it was made with to eres for to lift it esily.
- (1455) Will York in Sur.Soc.30202/2 : Una patella..cum auribus plicabilibus dictis falden eeres.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)181/21 : And þis pot for his gretnes hadde two eeres.
8.
A loop, as of thread.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)55a/a : A threded nedele is put in þorgh boþe lippez. After þe nedele is retourned agayn bi þe same hole vn to þat þat þer abide one ere or bouȝt [L ansa].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425 Cmb.Dd.6.29 Artist.Recipes (Cmb Dd.6.29) 70/12 : Ȝif hit breke put a litel water þerto, and make hit wayker, and a litul ȝeerewax þerto.
- a1500 Hrl.3151 Limn.Recipes (Hrl 3151) 232/4 : If it brek do therto a lityll watre to make it weker, and a litill erwax.
Note: Additional quotes, sense 5.(n).
Note: New spellings (ȝeerewax & erwax).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Trin-C.R.14.45 Recipes (Trin-C R.14.45) 127/14 : Loke þat þou have an erthen panne þat hit be a hynche of thiknes and þat hit be wele aneled for þe fire, and also þat hit have two heren forto hold hit by.
Note: Glossary: "heren n. pl. 'handles ('ears' of a pot)'."
Note: Additional quote, sense 7.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. ear.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. earbow.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. ear finger.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(d)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. earhole.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(e)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. ear lap.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(m)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. ear spoon.