Middle English Dictionary Entry
dokke n.
Entry Info
| Forms | dokke n. Also doc, dok, doke, dokan. |
| Etymology | OE docce, pl. doccan. The assignment of some quots. to Rumex and to Arctium, resp., is tentative. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A plant of the genus Rumex; (b) red ~, red-veined dock, red dock (Rumex sanguineus); (c) sour ~, sorrel dock (Rumex acetosa); ?also, wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella); (d) doke-lef; ~ rot; (e) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.133].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Wor.F.157.Gloss.(Wor F.157)184 : Dilla vel parella: docke.
- ?a1400 Adv.18.5.16 Gloss.(Adv 18.5.16)159 : Paratella: doke.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)125 : Dockewede [read: Docke, wede; Win: Dokke, herbe]: Padella.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)221 : Þe longe dokkes.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)580/8 : Emula: a dokke.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)602/1 : Perdilla: a dokke.
b
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)94 : Lappacium acutum: reddokke.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)68/5 : Lefez of rede dok.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)215/18 : Rybbys of þe red dokke.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)239/10 : Reddockeleuys.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)600/28 : Paradella: the rede dokke.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)48/7 : Þe croppe of..þe reed docke.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)71/14 : Tak a red-dok rote.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)76/6 : Þe sed of þe red docke.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)37b : A Dokan: paradilla, Emila, farella, lappacium Acutum, A rede doke.
c
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)653-4 : La surele: surdoke..la parele: roddok [read: raddok].
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.77 : Sowre Dokkes.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)466 : Sowre Dokke: Sorel.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)54/6 : To turmente here flesche with..etyng of cresses, soure dockes, and siche bitter herbis.
d
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)19b : Dokk rote soden in wyn..helpiþe for þe swellinge splene.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)50/3 : A doke lefe.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)23 : A doke royt.
2.
A plant of the genus Arctium; esp. burdock (A. lappa).
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232b/b : Lappa..is þe name of alle maner dokkes, and beþ alle medicinal, for þey heleþ smytyng of scorpiouns.
- a1400 Mirfeld Sinonoma (Pmb-O 2)26 : Lapacium, an. dock, hujus sunt ii species, s. acutum et rotundum. Quando simpliciter acutum intelligitur.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)19a : Lappa id est the Clote. Dokkys ben in iij kyndis..þei ben hote..confortiþ þe stomake and castiþ oute evill wyndis.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)170a/a : Þe rotes of..lappacij i. docke [*Ch.(2): of þe rede docke].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)178a/b marg. : Dokke: Lappacium [*Ch.(2) adds: þe clote], is an herbe; þer bene many spicez.
3.
dokke-nettle, the lesser stinging nettle (Urtica urens).
Associated quotations
- a1300 Hrl.978 Vocab.(Hrl 978)557/39 : Dormentille: docnettle.
4.
Nettle in, dok out, orig., a charm spoken when driving out the sting of a nettle with a dock leaf [see later quots. in OD]; -- here used with reference to inconstancy.
Associated quotations
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.461 : Thow biddest I shulde love another..and lat Criseyde go!..I wolde nat do so, But kanstow playen raket, to and fro, Nettle in, dok out, now this, now that?
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Ashm.1393 Artist.Recipes (Ashm 1393) 152/30 : Blak water. Take dokkys þat growyn yn ray, and stempe hem yn a mortyr.
Note: Addtional quot., ?prob. sense 1.(a).
- a1500 Ashm.750 Artist.Recipes (Ashm 750) 257/14 : Forto mak a colour lyk to gold or syluer. Tak hundys dokkys þat groyn among rye, and stampe hem in a morter, [etc.].
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 148/6 : Gold water. Take houndysdok .i. hondystonge, take þe leuys with þe stalke and stampe ham in a morter.
Note: ?New cpd. houndes ~. Clarke gloss = 'perh. Cynoglossum officinale L.'