Middle English Dictionary Entry
cǒunseil n.
Entry Info
Forms | cǒunseil n. Also con-, cun-, -seill(e, -sel(e, -sile, -ceil(e, -cel(e, -cilie, -sal(e. |
Etymology | OF concile, conseil (L concilium) & conseil (L consilium). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A meeting, conference, council; commune ~, a meeting of all citizens of a city; general ~, gret ~, a meeting which represents an entire nation, army, etc.; (b) a convocation of ecclesiastics; also, a convention of friars, a meeting of the nuns of a convent; general ~, gret ~, a council representing the Church as a whole, ecumenical council.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)2324 : Þe men to gaderes eode an eolde conseil [Clg: husting] grete.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5830 : Hii sete in an chaumbre an hey in conseil of speche.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)433 : Þe King a gret counseil made For nedes þat he to don hade.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)39.14 : Ich ne bidde [read: hidde] nouȝt þy mercy and þy soþenes fram þe michel conseil [L concilio] of þe vntrew.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.39.11 : I hidde not..thi treuthe fro myche counseil.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3096 : Bitwixen hem was maad anon the bond That highte matrymoigne..By al the conseil [vr. counsail] and the baronage.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.193 : Boþe men and wommen..schulde come to comoun counsaille [L publicis consultationibus; Higd.(2): cownselles].
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)62 : Þe kyng and his Baronage a counseil bi-gonnen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16076 : Vp þar stert tua panteners in middes þat consile [Frf: counsile; Göt: cunsile].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.263 : A conseil general Þe Grekis hilde.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)10/21 : At his awtier þei holden here grete conseilles [Eg: counsaile] & here assembleez.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)19 : And thus was termyned and ended the grete counseille in heuene for the restorynge of man and his sauacioun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.3206 : Ther was holde..Tofor Iubiter in Roome a gret counsail.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)466/12 : The Duke..went ouer the see to Caleys for trety and made þere a consayle betwene þe Frenssh and þe Englissh.
- (1456) Paston (Gairdner)3.92 : Noo more Lords at the begynyng this day of the grete Counsail.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)25 : At this counseill were two noble men.
b
- a1126 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1125 : Cardinal Iohan..heold his concilie on Lundene fulle þreo dagas..mid ærce biscopes & mid leod bisc & abbotes & læred & lawed.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)280/78 : Þe pope..a gret counseil I-nouȝ Makede at rome.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.141 : In what place euere it be in Engelond þat þe primate of Caunterbury wil..gadre a counsail [Higd.(2): cownselle; L concilium] of clergie, þe primat of York is i-holde..forto be þere.
- c1400(?a1384) Wycl.Eucharist(1) (Bod 647)503 : Devoute men supposen þat þis counseil of freris at Londoun was wiþ erthe dyn.
- (1422) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.23252 : Youre worth and holy labores in the consele generall of Pyes and Constawncie.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.189v : A decre and dome of the generall counseill ilymyted of the erchebisshop of Brutayne In the yere fro the Incarnacion of Oure Lorde Jhesu Criste Ml lxxij.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8:Kingsf.)308 : The grete generall counseile was endid, and an vnyon made in holy chirche thorough all cristiante, and a pope chosyn by alle the hole clergie.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)58 : For be his comaundment was gadered þe sexte counsell at constantinople of cc bischoppis iiii score and ix, whech all diffyned þat þere wer in crist to willis as is seid be fore.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)299 : So dide another greet general counceil aftir at Constantynopil, and manye othere provincial counceilis, as apperith in the book clepid Decrees of counceils.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)6892 : Folk dyde hyr peyne..Makyng..Senys & counsaylles general.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)676/11 : None shold be made abbesse..but suche one as the Susterne..or elles the most parte of the sadde counseil of Sustres, prouide to be chose.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)18972 : The greet counceyle at Nycene, Ordeyned by greet Constantyn.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)56 : This yere the general counsell was endyde atte Custaunce, and an unyversale pece made in Holy Chirche.
2.
The act of discussing or conferring; drauen ~, to confer; drauen in ~, callen (clepen, haven) to ~, call (sb.) into a consultation, draw (sb.) into a discussion.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.MPChr.(LdMisc 108)76 : Þere comen twei prophetes..And speken with ore louerd Jhesu Crist..Nuste no man ȝwat it was; þat conseil longe ilaste.
- c1300 SLeg.MPChr.(LdMisc 108)340 : Þe Apostles..þouȝten wonder þat he wolde suych conseil drawe Mid a womman þat sunfol was.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.2 : And ofte the Prince al so god in consail him [Gilbert] wolde drawe.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)269 : To conseil he calleþ neiȝe Rohand trewe so stan.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1661 : Alisaundrine to cunseile þei clepud sone þanne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2232 : Er that any werre be bigonne, men moste haue gret conseil and gret deliberacioun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3950 : The king..Withinne his chambre upon a nyht..To conseil hadde bothe tuo.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5812 : The baronage to councel wente.
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)668 : The lady gane hym to concelle calle.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)243 : Þe conquerour to concell cayres thereaftyre Wyth lordes of his lygeaunce.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)85 : Þe kyng in to conseyl calleþ hym sone.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)24/5 : And than they wente unto counceyle.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)29a : A Counsell: consultacio, consiliacio.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)7/2 : Haue þi counseile with a wise man & a man of conscience.
3.
(a) A body of advisers to a ruler; esp., the Privy Council of the English king, kinges ~; prive ~, the Privy Council of England; also, a similar council in another country; (b) the administrative body of a town or city; commune(s ~, ~ of the chaumbre, the common council or mayor's council of an English town; (c) the College of Cardinals, commune ~; (d) a bishop's council, ?cathedral chapter; (e) the Jewish Sanhedrin.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)531 : To þe king and to is conseil þis word wel sone drouȝ.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1732 : Þe conseil of rome leuede is vair biheste.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)189 : Þe conseyl of þe lond Bad he schuld..Þis ich wo amende raþe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)122/5 : Þe heȝeste byeþ ase þo þet byeþ of þe kinges consayle [Vices & V.(2): counseil].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1460 : Þemperour calde his cunseil for to knowe here wille.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1954 : Þe Amyral..clepede is consaile.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.302 : Elles wol he chide..And Corse ȝerne þe kyng, and al his Counseil aftur.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.204 : This sowdan for his pryuee conseil [vr. counseil] sente.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)24793 : His counsail bad him for to fande til his enemis to sende a sande.
- (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.36/24 : Thei shul pursue..to the kynges concell and to his courtes.
- (1423) RParl.4.201a : Thise ben certein Provisions..that the Lordes which ben of the K. Counsaill desireth.
- (1423) RParl.201b : That alle the Billes that shul be putt unto the Counsail shuld be onys in the Weke.
- (1425) RParl.4.304b : Let hem brynge her prouves..before ye Kynges Counseill, and ye same Counseill shall have power..to allowe ye same men [etc.].
- ?c1430(?1382) Wycl.Pet.Parl.(Corp-C 296)514 : Neiþer þe kyng ne his counsayl deede unriȝtfully.
- (1449) RParl.5.167a : And that the said Sir John Talbot have bothe Writtes and Prive Seals..als well to the Lieutenant of Irlond or his Depute, and the Counseill there.
- (1450) RParl.5.178a : The seid Duke of Suff', beyng oon of your grete and pryve Counseill.
- (1450) RParl.5.182a : Som he referreth hym to Actes made in the Counseill, and to some Actes made in the Parlement.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)122 : The secounde ordinarie charge is the payment..off the kynges grete officers, his courtes, and his counsell.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)7/20,23 : Neyther the kynge nor none of his counceill were ware of their departyng..thenne he called to hym his pryvy counceille.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)63 : With that come to hym burlyaunt de Marmorye An sokebronde de membrys hys counceyl most priuye.
b
- (1384) Appeal Usk in Bk.Lond.E.25/79 : A bille sholde be put vp be the comunes conseyl, to aske of the forseyde Sir John the mone that he had borwed in tyme of hys mairalte.
- (1384) Appeal Usk in Bk.Lond.E.28/165 : The mair, John Norhampton, sholde sende after the persones that thilk tyme wer in the comun conseil of craftes.
- (1415) Doc.Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.25183 : Ye lxti persones of ye comone counseill chosen for ye ȝer shuln..be hemself chosen also j Chamberleyn.
- (c1425) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6222 : [I]..shal truli..buxum be to þe mayr..and þe councel of þis town.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.853 : He suld abyde thaward of ye Mayr an ye Counseyll of ye chambre.
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.854 : Ye sayd Mayr and ye Counsell of ye sayd cite [of York].
- (1428) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : Thay four arbitruors suld hafe recource to the mair and consell of the chambre.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)97 : It is ordeyned by comoun councel [F comun cunseyl] of the forseid communalte, that ȝif ony man of the same toun [etc.].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)147 : It is ordeyned by comoun counceil of the forseid toun of Gippeswich.
- (1447-8) Shillingford82 : These maters sholde be put upon..the counseyll of the saide cite.
- (1449) Rec.Norwich 2152 : It is commowned and assented be þe Mayre and certen Aldermen and Commoners chosen be þe Commone Counsell.
- (1455) Doc.in HMC Var.Col.4203 : Ye shalbe good and trewe..to the Mayralte and Commonalte of the Cite of Newe Sarum, the Commone Counsayll and Assemble of the Mayre or his Depute of the said Cite.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.387 : Yf eny of the xlviij persones chosen and named for the comyn counsell of the seid cite discouere eny maner thing that ys seid at hur comyn counselle.
- (1486) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8546 : The Maier, Aldermen, & Comon Counseil of the Citie of York..John Harington, the clerc of your Couneseil.
- a1525(?1439) Cov.Leet Bk.190 : They orden that the Meire with vj off hys Councell go vnto the prior.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Greg.(LdMisc 108)39 : At þe commuyn conseil a day seint Gregori a-ros sone, And bad þe pope and is cardinales graunti him ane bone.
- c1300 SLeg.Greg.(LdMisc 108)58 : Þe cardinales and þe bischopes and al þat conseil of rome, Ane pope to cheose afturward alle to-gadere huy come.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)210/9 : Oure holy fader..remytted my boke to ben examyned & preued be the avys of his seyd conseill.
d
- (1447-8) Shillingford81 : The sayde Mayer and Citeseyns made sute to the sayde Byshoppis counseill.
e
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 5.21 : Thei..clepiden togidere the counceil [WB(2): counsel] and alle the eldere men of the sones of Israel.
4.
(a) An adviser, a counselor; ben of ~, to be one of those consulted (about sth.), be an adviser (to sb.); -- with genitive: be (someone's) adviser or confidant, share (someone's) plans or secrets; (b) a legal adviser, lawyer, counsel or advocate; lerned ~, man of ~, a trained lawyer or barrister; ben of ~, to be (someone's) legal adviser; ben of ~ for, plead in (a lawsuit); ben of ~ with, be the legal adviser or representative of (sb.); (c) a Roman consul; (d) personal name.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1250 Of on þat is so fayr (Eg 613)10 : Of kare, conseil þou ert best.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1141-7 : Thus artow of my counseil [vr. conseil], out of doute..I loued hire first and tolde thee my wo As to my counseil [vr. counseilour].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.687 : Alle tho that hadden be Or in apert or in prive Of conseil to the mariage, Sche slowh hem in a sodein rage.
- (c1400) Gower PP (Eg 2862)129 : Let god ben of thi counseil in this cas.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2395 : Ȝe liste ȝour silfe of my conseil be.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1470 : He [Nichomeede]..took on hym the estat To regne as kyng, ageyns his [Mitridate's] entent, He nouther beyng of counsail nor assent.
- (1444) RParl.5.121b : Thei..shall be continuell assistentz and of counsell to the seid Baillifs and Aldremen.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1135 : Envye! þou art boþe good & hende, & schalt be of my counsel chefe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1161/27 : Meve no such maters no more afor me, for..I woll nat be of youre counceyle.
- (1472) Stonor1.124 : Thes certentees I have by my bedfelow, Thomas Powtrell, which ys of councell with my seid lorde, and was of councell at the mariage makyng.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.KEng.(1) (Hrl 372)130 : Therchebisshopp sett vpon his hed A rich crown, beyng of his conseil.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)29a : A Counsell: consiliarius.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)781 : Ne hys he ȝowre consayl and youre best socour?
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3415 : That dai mai no consail availe, The pledour and the plee schal faile.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2076 : O Julius, lord of the lawe, Behold, mi conseil is withdrawe For lacke of gold: do thin office After the lawes of justice.
- (1414) RParl.4.57b : That I may have a copie therof to my Conseill, which that the Kyng hath assigned me.
- (1425) Paston2.22 : I have, by advys of counseill, in makyng a procuracie ad agendum [etc.].
- (1425) Paston2.24 : I prey yow..that..ye wille..defenden the seyd sutes..in your best maner, and to be of owr counseill in these matieres.
- (1425) RParl.4.267a : My Lordes Counseill of Warrewyk, by ye mouth of Sir Wauter Beauchamp..required my Lord of Gloucestr'..to here ye Title and Right of my Lord of Warrewyk openly pronounced and declared.
- (1425) RParl.4.268b : Ye Counseill of my said Lord Erl Mareschall, come into yis high Court..seyng Howe that he hade of long tyme beon of Counseill with his seid Lord Erl Mareschall, and by him commaunded to have ye utteryng of his matier at yat tyme.
- (c1426) Paston2.18 : The seyd William was with the prior of Norwiche of counseille in hese trewe defence ageyn the entent of the seyd Walter in a sute.
- (1432) Let.Christ Ch.in RS 85.3162 : And as to your desyr to have a newe warant..hit nedyth noght, as our counsayl enforme us.
- c1440 When adam delf (Thrn)78 : Sall no fallace cufere our case, Ne consaile gette we noghte.
- (a1444) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.29 : Hyt plesyd youre grace, by the avyse of your conseill lernyd, to se hys evydennce.
- (1448) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.44 : Yf hit fortune ony variaunce to fall be-twix them..thei will a-byde the reformacion of theire bothe councels, so that theire councell be theire labur assemble and make reformacion be-twix them with-in a moneth.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)239 : What helpeþ his riches or wys counsaile? Hym self his owen tale shal say.
- (1456-8) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.521b : In expenses made..abowte a man of counsell makyng 2 lettres.
- (1458) Let.Sou.in Sou.RS 22 (Sou SC.2/9/2)18 : The Janeis..had ther counsell assigned vnto them, bothe Sergentts and prentises of corte.
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.63 : Ȝif eany Man of Counsell learnyd In the lawe pleede eany faynyd or Fals ple [etc.].
- (c1465) Cart.Tropenell in BGAS 23200 : These ben for certayn all the pedegrees and mean estates in substance of all inheritours, purchasours and occupiers of the manor of Estchaldefeld..clerely determyned by the counseil lerned of Thomas Tropenell, Squyer, and by himself.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)25/18 : They myht haue bettyr knowlyge of her munymentys, and more clerely yeue informacyon to her seruauntys..in the absent of her lernyd councell.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.318 : Chyders of Chester where chose..To ben of conceill for causis þat in þe court hangid.
c
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)8a : Þei were worþier of office þan consules [vr. counseilles].
d
- (c1200) Doc.Ireland in RS 5324 : Willielmus cunseil.
- (1207) Fine R.King John415 : Willielmus Cunseil.
- (1272) Pat.R.Edw.I699 : John Conseyl.
5.
(a) Counsel, advice, instruction; (b) asken ~, to seek advice; yeven ~, give advice; (c) nimen ~, taken ~, to get advice (from sb.); consult, deliberate, consider; think (about sth.); (d) werken bi (with) ~, to follow advice; act after due consideration or consultation; (e) a Scriptural counsel (as distinguished from a precept or commandment) directed to those who would be especially holy, a counsel of perfection; under ~, advised or recommended (but not commanded).
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 Louerd crist þou (Trin-C B.14.39)4 : We biddet þe wid word ant þoust conseil ant red.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)860 : Mi conseil is..Forto fondi..to paie þe kingues wille.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3265 : Þis conseil was wel yhurd.
- a1350 SLeg.Juliana (Ashm 43)32 : To habbe conseil of hire fader, after him he let sende.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.192 : Of Iesu Crist..Sowere of chaast conseil [vrr. counseille, counsaile]!
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.163 : By þe counseille [L consilio] of Godwyne, he took fro hire al hire precious þinges.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4446 : Wommens conseils [vrr. counseiles, counsel] ben ful ofte colde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2438 : Forthi mi conseil is that thou Remembre wel hou thou art old.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)69/21 : A fisician..blamede þe modir & hir freendis þat þei hadden left counseil for þilke idiotis biheeste.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)103/16 : My beste counseil is to lete him blood.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)37/1 : He may putt to priuyleges & lawes..by consail of resoun & assent of lordes.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)91/6 : Greet feires..ben sett on þe saboth dai bi þe fendis counceile.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1456 : Mi counsail is..for to caste a-forne þe mortal pereyl.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.2 : Ȝif men wolen..kepe þe counceilis of Crist, loke þat þei croken not from him.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)48b/b : After þe counsaile of albucasis, bi the dindime bounden aboue.
- ?c1430(?1382) Wycl.Pet.Parl.(Corp-C 296)514 : Oure kyng haþ don so..by counsail of pieres of þe rewme.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)11/19 : It es fully my consaile þat þou reconnselle agayne vn-to the my lady.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)389 : Lordis..han unavisely and wiþoute cowncel of holy scripture sworne to mayntene þis þefte.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)78 : He was ded be the councelle of his brothir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1168/1 : And ye do be my counceyle.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)30/50 : I wyl now..On to ȝour counsell, ffadyr, me inclyne.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)21/34 : Ech suche dede to be doon bi comaundement or counseil of resoun or feiþ.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)174 : That beste counseile that I se is that we go stuffe the marches.
b
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)17b : Ne preachi ȝe to na mon; ne mon ne easki ow cunsail, ne ne telle ow.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)169 : Heo ȝaf him conseil þane wei to gon.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)17/179 : He asked conseyl [vrr. consel, rede] at ich man.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1110 : He told to-fore þe grete his tene & his harmes..& komande hem kendely here cunseile to ȝeue.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 18.14 : It was Cayphas that ȝaf counceil [WB(2): counsel; L consilium]..that it spedith o man for to deie for the peple.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2346 : Of hem shaltow axe thy conseil as the cas requireth.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2388 : The Phitonesse..Yaf him conseil be Sorcerie.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1193 : A good counsell [vr. concel] y shal ȝeue þe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.255 : Ich counsayle no kyng eny counsayle aske At Conscience.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5173 : Ye yeve good counsel, sikirly.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)2/4 : I cured sir Reynald Grey..whiche asked counsel at the most famose leches of yngland, and none availed hym.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)67 : Þe councell whech wer ȝove be þe.
- (1444) RParl.5.121b : He shall not..yeve no maner Counsell..but such as to his conscience may be most proffitable.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)520 : Þe priores sal..ask þair counsel in þat thing.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)315 : Triste we to god þat he wole ȝiue vs concel in þis.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.254 : His counceille þou aske.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)133/8 : Þe kyng ȝaf hom þat concell.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)79 : The kynge asketh yow counseile.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)202 : Among þis Cardinales counseil þere was i-nome.
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)1729 : Þe Botiler..cam To Marie and conseil nam.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11837 : Þe king & is kniȝtes conseil of him nome.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)63 : Þer-of i wole consail take Hu i mihte þe world forsake.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.55 : Þey avised hem and took counsaile [Higd.(2): cownselle; L consilio] and made wel huge fuyre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2310 : Thanne shal ye take conseil in youre self and examyne wel youre thoghtes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5106 : And therupon the conseil was Take of the grete and of the smale.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1270 : Þe knyȝtes toke consel [LinI: counsail] ecchoon Or þey wolde þennes goon.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)28/43 : Þai toke þaire counsail in þat stede How þai might Sir Edward bigile.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)8/7 : We pray þe þat we may suilke cunsal take þat we may do þi wille.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)144 : I sall tak concell at kynges enoyntede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1526 : Þen he sesit of sychen..Toke councell in the case & his care leuyt.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)274/94 : Ther-fore takyth now ȝour cowncel and A-vyse ȝou ryth weyl.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)28 : He..thought to take his counsell whate was best to done.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2105 : He ketly for al kas after cunseyl wrouȝte.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3530 : Werk al by conseil, and thow shalt noght rewe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1485 : Werk alle thyng by [vr. with] conseil [vr. counseile].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1780 : He nat by counsell wroght Of hem that wern bothe trewe and wis.
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.82 : Al nys but conseil [vr. cunseyl] to virginitee, And for to been a wyf he yaf me leue.
- ?c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Mark (Add 41175:Hudson)43/50 : Þei maken 'an hundridfold fruyt' [Mark 4.20] þat han perfit liyf and obeynge to Cristis concels, as virgynes, martiris.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)285 : To alle suche men as mowe not or kunne not ellis kepe hem from deedly synne..þis vertu is vndir precep and maundement, to oþere þat kunne and mowe kepe hem out of deedly synne wiþoute choice of suche aduersitees, it is not vndir counceil.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)327 : Many oþere poyntis comounly rehercid in þe attendaunce of a curat to his parischens ben oonly vndir counceil and not vndir precept.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)82/29 : Of þese moral vertues ben maad þe iiij tablis of goddis lawe, comprehendyng þe xxxj general vertues or poyntis, of whiche summe ben comaundementis and summe ben counseilis.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)139 : By the nombre of xxii ys vnderstonde the x commaundementes and the xii counsaylles of the gospell.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)140 : By the bypathe is vnderstonde the counsayles that longe to relygyous, & to folke of perfeccyon.
6.
(a) A decision; a plan, scheme; commune ~, general decision, consensus; (b) maken ~, nimen ~, to decide (to do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)34 : Þou þe counsail woldest fonde to latte þe wille of kyng edward to wende to þe holy londe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7647 : Hii come at homber..& were alle at o conseil to worri engelond.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.784 : Oure conseil [vr. councel] was nat longe for to seche.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2255 : It is no folie to chaunge conseil whan the thyng is chaunged.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16235 : To turne þat counsel [Ld: councele], bettur hit is þen don a more foly.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)319 : Er moste þou ceuer to oþer counsayle.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2044 : Thy counsel is vntrewe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.17 : Yif that God knoweth byforn, nat oonly the werkes of men, but also hir conseilles and hir willes, thanne ne schal ther be no liberte of arbitrie.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)199 : All þeire concell es to do me to dede.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5393 : All spritis in þis spelonk, here speke þai to-gedire; Here is þaire comon consaile.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2653 : Moyses þus his consell kend to can the law and kepe yt well.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4353 : Atte last she founde one..To whom she told here councell.
b
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)214/9 : Hi nomen conseil be tuene hem þet hi wolden gon for to hyne an uri.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)763 : Hare counsayl hi nome [vr. toke] þer ffor to holde ffaste Ihesus wiþ tricherye.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10173 : Þis bissopes to londone echone gonne wende..& abbodes al so, & conceil made general þis entredit to do.
7.
Agreement, assent, permission; asken ~, to ask permission; yeven ~, give consent.
Associated quotations
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)359 : Ȝif ȝe wil hertly ȝeue consel, I shal ȝeue hem a bataile.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)52/4 : Wommen þat ben weddid..dore not ȝyue þise worldli goodis wiþouten counseile of her housbond.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)7b/a : Assento: to ȝeue consayle, be assentyd.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)141/25 : Þe king also may do na man to deed withouten þe counsaile and þe ascent of all his baronage [Tit: withouten assent of his barouns; F sauns le counseil de ses barons].
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)959 : Þay asshed cowuncell atte me To do hur to dede.
8.
(a) A secret, private matter(s, a secret plan; prive ~; nimen into ~, to take (sb.) into one's confidence; (b) coveren ~, helen ~, hiden ~, holden ~, kepen ~, to keep a secret, keep (someone's) secret; (c) in ~, secretly, in confidence; in gret ~, in great secrecy; in no ~, openly; stonden in ~ with, be in (someone's) confidence, be in league with (sb.); (d) ben ~, to be (a) secret; holden ~, kepen ~, keep (sth.) a secret, keep (sth.) concealed; -- often adj. or quasi adj.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)86/189 : Þo floriz bigan his consail schewe.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)256 : He is in so gret þouȝt, His conseyl wil he schewe nouȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1415 : Non knew here cunseile but þei þre one.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.2319 : His false wyf..Vn to his foos his conseil [vrr. counseil, counsaile, consel] gan biwreye.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.145 : Ther is a conseil [vr. counsel] and ye wolde it heere.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.665 : In daunger hadde he..The yonge gerles of the diocise, And knew hir counseil [vr. consel] and was al hir reed.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.76 : No brother no sister ne shalle discuse þe counseil of þis fraternite to no straungere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3503 : To no wight thou shalt this counseil wreye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1798 : Thei..in his chambre lyhen And al his conseil herde and syhen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3161 : His consail [Frf: counsayle: Trin-C: counsel] wil he naman tell.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)683 : Tho was þe maister outlawe into counseil nome And told how it was Gamelyn þat þider was icome.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2889 : It is noble thing..To have a man thou darst say Thy pryve counsell every deell.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)27886 : It [drunkenness] mase oft kounsail to be talde.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)98 : Cownselle [Win: Councel], or preuey thynge to know: Secretum, misterium.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4923 : Bot þe scottis his counsail knew, Be som traytours þat were vntrew.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)239/14 : Yf any man telle him his counsell, he wole soone descouer it.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.330 : While þy counceill is within thy breste, It is sure as within a castell walle.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)112/11 : He schall not wytte to whom he schall dyskeuer hys counseyl.
b
- ?a1300 St.Eust.(Dgb 86)301 : Wiltou mi cunsail [vr. counsylle] hele, Ȝif hic þe telle of mi wele.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1037 : He & meliors mercy..hire criede to kuuere wel here cunseile.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2333 : Scarsly shaltow fynden any persone that may kepe conseil [vr. counsaile] secrely.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2383 : Folk that ben dronkelewe..ne kan no conseil hyde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.778-9 : If thou miht hiere In privete what thei have wroght, Hold conseil and descoevere it noght, For Cheste can no conseil hele.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.980 : Yet out it moot; we kan no conseil hyde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)69b/b : They holde no counsaile [L secretum], but þey wreyen & tellen out alle þat þey see & here.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.873 : Vnder surance, as he was trewe knyȝt, Counseil to kepe, ouþer for sote or sour.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1029 : They hym assuryd..Euere cloos to kepyn al hys counseel [rime: seel].
- (1457) Lin.DDoc.97/10 : I, sworn to kepe counsel of all suche conuenticlers in thise maters, wold neuer vtter nor knowlage.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)826/30 : What shulde hit greve you here to kepe my counsell?
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)584 : Youre trowþe ys plyȝt To holde counsayle bothe day and nyȝt.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)992 : Ȝif ani..stode In conseile wit seint thomas oþur felauȝschipe him bere, Ase þe kingus traitour Men scholden him nime.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)16 : In conseil ich eov telle wole þat mi fader tolde me.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2326 : He..tolde his moder..In conseil.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1437 : I spare nat to taken..What I may gete in conseil pryuely.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2431 : In conseil be it seyd -- Me reweth soore I am vnto hire teyd.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)12901 : Þe worshepe þat Ihesus him saide, hit may noȝt be in consail layde.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)19/31 : Cordeil..nome golde..and toke it to þe squyer, in conseile þat he shulde..bere it vnto here fader.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)88/26 : He leet voyden out of his chambre all maner of men..for he wolde speke with me in conseill [Eg: in priuetee; F au consail].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)152a/a : Þere is also anoþer manere of curynge of ruptures þat was schewed to me by a grete man in grete counseil [*Ch.(1): secretenesse; L secreto].
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)3390 : It wer kept ful preuyly in counsaile.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)238/13 : If men telle him eny þinge in counsaile, he schalle discouer it.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1161/17 : Sir Aggravayne seyde thus opynly, and nat in no counceyle, that manye knyghtis myght here.
d
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2784 : Hit ne may beo no consail -- þe Sarazyns him habbeþ itake.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.819 : 'Shal it be conseil?' seyde the firste shrewe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3904 : And al that nyht this was conseil, Bot erly, whan the Sonne schon, Men syhe hou that thei were agon.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27411 : Þe sin þat said es to þe preist, He hald it consail euer in breist.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.157 : For þat wommen witeth may nouȝte wel be conseille.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)1787 : Þai kept it noȝt consaile, Bot told ryght howe he rose.
- (1425) Paston2.22 : My will is ..that this article be counseille.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)114 : Be-war that the pacyent perceyve it not, ne non other, but rather kepe it counsell.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1590 : I wole the gife both goolde and gloues, And counsail shalle it been.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)46/19 : He saw þat he myght no langer kepe it cowncell, and told hur all how þat it had happend hym.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)78 : And this was kept ful grete councelle fro the emperoure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)825/14 : Kepe hit counceyle, and lat no man knowe hit.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)212 : Sum what schalle I telle..And sum what cownseyle kepe I schalle.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)591 : Counsayle schall hyt bee.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)16 : This may not be kepte counseill..and ther-fore we will telle it to the peple.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)444 : And therfor charge yow euery-choon That yt be consell that we have doon.
9.
Ability to advise, judgment; wisdom.
Associated quotations
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8535 : He was quointe of conseil & speke & of bodi strong.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.11.2 : Ther shal resten vp on hym the Spirit of the Lord..spirit of counseil [WB(2): counsel] and of strengthe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29205 : Þe gift o wijt of vnder-standing, O consail, strenght, o gode dreding.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)291 : The knyghtlyeste of counsaile þat euer coron bare.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)26b : Ȝoure softe pesible studie of an hyȝer counseil þan erþliche manis mynde may conseyue desireþ olde þinges..to ben gedered out of olde poetes bookys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3807 : He was..Wise in his wordys, witte of counsaille.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)367 : Tho byspake a worthy man of counsaile.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)100/37 : Fylosophers sayen þat conseill is caght [?read: sight] of þinges þat er to come.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)12 : A ffeythfull man he was..that meche cowde of curteseye and of good councelle.
10.
Cpds. and combs. ~ chaumbre, the room in which a council meets; ~ hous, the building in which a council meets; ~ telling, the blabbing of secrets; ~ yeving, the giving of advice.
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2851 : Non, bot he be wepneles, Schal come into the conseil hous.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16094 : Þat was a counsel hous badde.
- (1407) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.92 : Counseilchaumbre.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.743 : Man maketh ofte a yerde..And namelich is his counseil tellynge That toucheth love that oughte ben secree.
- (1428) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : In the counseil chaumbre of the citee of York, before William Bowes, maire of the same citee..thies ordenauncez undrewriten wer made.
- (1430) Doc.Merchant York in Sur.Soc.12933 : Item, to a clerk of the councelhous xx s.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)98 : Cownselhowse: Concionabulum, consiliabulum.
- (1444) RParl.5.74a : And othir my Lordes Spirituell and Temporell, then beyng present in the Counsaill Chaumbre of the Parlement.
- (1444) RParl.121b : Thei..shall be continuell assistentz..in gode counsell yevyng.
- (1450) RParl.5.176b : The which mater..shewed to the Kyng and the Lordes in the Counseill Chambre.
- (1450) RParl.179a : He had his place in the Counseill hous of the Frenssh Kyng.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)19/2 : Þis Romulus suld go vnto þe cowncell howse.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)524/8 : He suspecte hym somwhat in his cowncell-gyffyng.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)22 : At the last thay lad on hegh, afore the Counecell-hows clepid the Gildhall.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.387 : In the seid comyn counselle chambre.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.209 : He scholde dye if that he entrede the cownselle howse.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.182r : [Waldef] ne dwelled nat longe in his ligeaunce,for he ne couth nat withstande vuell counsell: for not withstandyng his alliaunce he medled himself and assented to desceytes and tresones that wer icast by Raff de Vaher, erle of Northfolke, but atte laste hure counseill [L (Wm of Malmesbury): coniuratione] was discouered and he was take and prisoned and byhefded and buried in the abbey of Croulond.
Note: On way to look at this is as partaking of senses 6 (scheme), 7 (agreement), 8 (secret), and 2 (conference): a 'scheme agreed on in secret discussions' = 'conspiracy.'