Middle English Dictionary Entry
conclūden v.
Entry Info
Forms | conclūden v. |
Etymology | L conclūdere |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To shut in, enclose, include (sth.); (b) to restrain or debar (sb.); (c) to constrain or obligate (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.429 : Ye han bigonne youre question folily..that wolden two answeres conclude In o demande.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gal.3.22 : Scripture hath concludid [WB(1): enclosyde] alle thingis vndir synne, that the biheeste of the feith of Jhesu Crist were ȝyuen to hem that bileuen.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)9.147 : For doute yf hit thy worchyng men conclude.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.423 : ij waters, oon of whom concludethe an yle movede to and fro with the wynde.
b
- (1419) Proc.Privy C.2.258 : The Florentyns..claymed owre good..wich clayme..may never hyndre ner conclude us.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)2 Kings 18.28 : Blessid be the Lord..that hath concludid [WB(2): closide togidere] the men, that rereden her hoondis aȝens my lord the kyng.
- a1600(a1463) Fortescue Title York (Jul F.6)501 : His forsaide ancestors..and also he himselfe have so cleerely barred and concluded themselfe [etc.].
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.777 : This open thing..Concludeth him be such a weie, That he the feith mot nede obeie.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.376a : To ordeyne..that no maile of siche certificate..put to ony prejudice, bynde, hurt, ne conclude any persone or persones, but hym and his heirs.
- (1430-1) RParl.4.377b : To be effectuelx and sufficiantz in lawe, to bynd and conclud for everemore all that ben heirs or of the blode of the said Owen..en eschuyng for everemore of siche Tresons.
2.
(a) To hem in or corner (an opponent) by arguments; confute, frustrate; also, contradict; (b) to refute (a doctrine).
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)102/126 : For we [read: wo] dysputeþ a-ȝeyn hym, Concluded schel he be.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2048 : Whan myn herte is best arraied..Of love to beseche hire oght..I am concluded with a nay.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14713 : Wit wordes suilk war þai binomin, Wit scil concluded [Göt: conclused] and ouercummin.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.446 : I shal..ȝyue ȝow witte at wille and kunnynge to conclude Hem alle þat aȝeines ȝow of crystenedome disputen.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)128 : To conclude þo fende, as Crist did when he temptid hym.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2894 : Ylkon of þame he [Jesus] conclude Euen in þer awn sayng.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.86 : By verre contradiccion thou concludist thi silf.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)21/6 : I am verrely conclude in þeese resons. Help me now, for þe loue of Ihesu!
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.723 : Ye arn lerned and so be thei nought; It is lesse wondir thow thei concluded bee.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)468/25 : Onone he put oute questions & concludid all þat evur was in þe scule.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)275/108 : Þou hast ofte concludyd us..Where-fore it were ful nedful to bryng þe A dawe.
b
- a1450(a1397) WBible(2) GProl.(Hrl 1666)p.6 : Job argueth aȝens hise enemyes..and concludith many errouris that suen of hire false bileeue.
3a.
(a) To say something in conclusion; (b) to end, turn out, or fare (in a certain way); (c) to succeed.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1895 : And, shortly to concluden, swich a place Was noon in erthe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6162 : It were but veyn by & by to write Her feyned oþes..But, to conclude with, þe quene Eleyne..Delyuered was to kyng Menelay.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)519 : But shortly to conclude: when he had chid I-nowe, He axid [etc.].
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1089 : So, shortly to conclude, Agea was enterid.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.849 : Bothe two..Concluden in multiplicacioun Ylike wel, whan they han al ydo: This is to seyn, they faillen bothe two.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.957 : We concluden euere moore amys: We faille of that which that we wolden haue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.61 : Sodeynly..Sche of custom can ȝeuen hem a tast, For to conclude falsely in þe fyn.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5220 : Reuoluyng of hiȝe discrecioun, Þat he may so begynnen þat þe ende Conclude wel.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.7042 : This tragedie..Processe off which..Concludith on myscheeff & furious cruelte.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)362/48 : But what helpith it to wepe?..hit is concludid and maye not be chaunged.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.773 : For alle oure sleightes we kan nat conclude.
3b.
(a) To bring (sth.) to a close; make an end of; (b) to accomplish or achieve (sth.); consummate (marriage); (c) to be conducive (to welfare).
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2414 : Me list not feyne, flatre, nor delude, For my behest with deth I schal conclude.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)349/22 : Forto conclude this letter.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)882 : These be your iij gostly enmyis..Þei browt ȝow to Myscheffe, to conclude ȝour temperall glory.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3444 : He þat haþ..Of his knyȝthod concluded al þis þing, And swiche mervailles in armis don & wrouȝt.
- (1453) Will York in Sur.Soc.30192 : Yf the mariage stonde concluded.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1705 : What maner creature..Cowde any nouelte contryue & conclude For the comon wele [etc.].
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4662 : For myn entent is nat to repreue Ȝoure wyse conseil..Ȝif it conclude to þe comoun spede Of my peple.
4.
To deduce or infer (sth.) from premises or from observations; establish by reasoning, whether deductively or inductively; ~ forth, demonstrate; ~ ayens, disprove; ~ resouns, deduce concepts or conclusions; ~ soth, prove (sth.) to be true; ~ conclusiouns, support or demonstrate a proposition.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.39 : This is concluded..feermely and soothfastly.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.111 : I mai concluden by ryght verray resoun that..thilke same thing is sovereyn good in his substaunce.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.10.148 : A more worthy thing than God mai not ben concluded.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.132 : I delite me..in the somme of resouns that thou hast concluded and proved.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.60 : Yif I have concluded soth of the unselynesse of schrewednesse, thanne schewith it clerly that thilke wrecchidnesse is withouten ende.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)94 : Þe chirche driviþ out and concludiþ forþ bi labour and avises in resoun þat þer was no bodily breed in cristis hondis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)96 : Manye of þe lay partye bileeven amys in mater of þe eukarist, aȝens whom it schal be argued and concludid in þe book of eukarist.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)428 : Certis þo argumentis schulen conclude and proue her conclusiouns in ful greet likelihode.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.284 : Sith youre processe all aboute Be disputacioun so formally Concluded is, it may not be in doute Of þat ye will inducen sewyngly.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)19/18 : Victorine wold þanne in scorne conclude be maner of an argument: Ergo, þe wallis of þe cherch make a cristen man.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)9/21 : What he bi argument in resoun dryuyþ and concludiþ of such text.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)175 : What such a sillogisme concludith and proveth.
5.
(a) Of persons: to draw a conclusion, form a judgment or opinion; infer, conclude, judge, think; ~ in on, have one and the same opinion; (b) of events: to be evidence of (sth.), prove.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3067 : What may I conclude of this longe serye, But after wo I rede vs to be merye And thanken Iuppiter of al his grace?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.14 : It was ten at the clokke, he gan conclude.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2316 : Thus I conclude ate laste, That thei ben ydel.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1171 : Therfore..I thus conclude: Al were it that myne auncestres were rude [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1472 : Thanne conclude I thus: sith that god [etc.].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1641 : He alwey concluded hath in oon, Liche as ȝe herde, touching Exyon.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)51b/b : Of which he concludeþ þe utilite of doublyng of som organic.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)105/12 : Wherfor þei woldyn concludyn þat sche had a deuyl wythinne hir.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.2962 : Bochas astoned, gan of hymsilff conclude..That he lakked kunnyng & langage.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)27 : Þei concluded þat it schuld stande euyr.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)43 : Than conclude I þus of þis mater: in as mech as þis lady [etc.].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21281 : Philemoun..Concludede, as in sentement, That he was incontynent.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)677 : Ther is on erthe no gretter argument For to conclude the body vnapte Than that the soule in idilnesse be wrapte.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.750 : Fro Troye wer sent lettris tweyne..Whiche concluded tresoun in effect: How þat he was..Falsly allied [etc.].
- c1480(1422) Lydg.SD (Add 48031)50/1 : Concluding sothely, as in sentence, that every kingdome be division is conveied to his distruccion.
6.
(a) To make a decision, make up one's mind; decide or resolve (to do sth.); ben concluded, be determined; (b) to decide or determine (sth.); set or appoint (time and place of meeting).
Associated quotations
a
- (1345-6) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)124/19 : The Wardeynes..haue fully determyned, concluded, and endyd..that from this day Forward [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1607 : Whan that he hym self concluded hadde, Hym thoughte ech oother mannes wit so badde [etc.].
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)463 : Than thus we wolen conclude and deffyne: we you comaunde [etc.].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2722 : Ȝif to Pallas..Þe liste þe fyn conclude of þi sentence, Þat sche may lady of þe appil be [etc.].
- (1437) Proc.Privy C.5.9 : Þabovesaid lordes..concludeden þt..þei ne durste consaille þe Kyng [etc.].
- (1446) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1367 : He is avysed and concluded that the first stone..be not stored, removed, ne towched.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1330 : The goddes haue..Fulli deuysed..And holi concludid bi hir influence [etc.].
- (1452) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.1.113 : I..am fully concluded to proceed in all haste against him.
- a1500(1455) Battle St.Albans (PRO C 47/37/3/4-11:WR)96/133 : The Kyng..kept..resydens..concludyng to holde the parlement at London the ix day of July.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)226 : Ther it was concluded that the Kyng schuld chaleng his rite ageyn.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)603 : He conclude in hys hert, Of all mankynde to make redempcion.
b
- a1425 Celestine (LdMisc 463)98 : A Maister kest a cause of lawe..sone hadde he concluded þat sawe More and lesse.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)25b/a : Alle þre intenciouns ben concluded, taken, and demed.
- (1433) RParl.4.424a : Wherfore I desire..that aforn yat any day or place of Parlement bee concluded here, that I be certified [etc.].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4983 : This mateer al hooli I reserue Onto deuynys to termyne and conclude, Which nat parteneth to no folkis rude.
7.
To reach or make an agreement; ben concluded, be in agreement.
Associated quotations
- (1425) Proc.Privy C.3.173 : Your said comissaries wold noght finally appoynt ne conclude with us in þe matere aboven saide.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2144 : Radagasus and Alerik of assent Haue concludid, and ful accordid be.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)24/11 : So at the laste they were concluded that M[erlion] sholde [etc.].
- (1475) Will Edw.IV in Nicolas PPExp.[OD col.]p.xxxiii : The mariage of our doughtre Cecille, for whom we have appointed and concluded with the King of Scotts to be maried to his son.
8.
Misc. uses: (a) to assert, declare; stipulate; (b) to propose (sth.); (c) to ordain; (d) to enumerate or sum up.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3120 : To graunten hym licence To don his armys..Concludyng playnly þat at al assaies He wil þat day in þe felde be founde For to acheue [etc.].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2001 : Þat victorie, worship, and honour..Reserued ben hooly to ȝoure hond..I dar it wel conclude.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)25 : Aftir many dyuers commendaciones of þis lord, þe cronicles conclude þat he was killid in þe capitole.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3776 : We may not semble..Tencountren hym..Wherfor þe best þat I can conclude, Is, sithe Fortune haþ vs hider brouȝt [etc.].
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3870 : Conquest nor victorie Ben not assured vp-on multitude But on manhod, so grace list conclude.
d
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1358 : And shortly to concluden al his wo: So muchel sorwe had neuere creature..His sleep, his mete, his drynke, is hym biraft.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)5 : Problemys, liknessis, & ffigures..fructuous of sentence..Bi resemblaunces of notable apparence, With moralites concludyng in prudence, Lik as the Bible reherseth.
Note: Modify gloss
Note: Belongs to sense 3.(a).
Note: Add gloss: ppl. concluding, of spiritual significance or moral interpretation: ?resulting (in prudence.), leading (to prudence).--notes per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.57vb (2.7) : Of þise þinges afornesaide, þou maist concluden þe skil whie som folk tak more sone þan some folk, and some of better dome þan some, & some more forȝetel þan some.
Note: Additional quot., sense 4. Editor's gloss: 'to deduce, infer'.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.64vb (2.7) : Helpande þe myȝt of kynde, kynde hete comprehendeþ & concludiþ him in his place, and so meveþ him and fleteþ & cacheþ him & dryueþ him to þat party or to þat place þer moste is of hete.
Note: Additional quot. Editor's gloss: 'encloses, holds'.