Middle English Dictionary Entry
chaufen v.
Entry Info
| Forms | chaufen v. Also chāfen, chaffen, chav(f)en, (?error) chavefen. |
| Etymology | OF chaufer |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To make (sth. or sb.) warm, heat; ~ the bath, warm the bath water; (b) to warm (oneself); (c) to grow warm or hot.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.41 : Chawf a litell rede wyne.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)27b/b : Ferueo: boyle or chaufe or brenne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)162b/b : With a rote..of affodille soueranly chaufed [L calefactis] or made hote, or with Sulphure y kyndled.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)29/30 : Þat þe medicyne may be chauffed by þe hete of þe watre.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.1088 : So that the flaume vpbende, The cellis forto chere and chaufe olofte.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)446 : A chymneye with charecole, to chawffene þat knyghte.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7996 : Achilles was..chauffit with hete, That the droupes as a dew dankit his fas.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)85 : Chaaf hit in a Vessell ouer the fire.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)87 : Thou chaufest him the bath and sithe stiwest him.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)892 : His stomachere welle y-chaffed.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)98 : Chauf the vesselle..againste the fyere.
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4287 : We chaufe vs at na chymmneys for chelis of wintir.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)26/4 : A man chafith him silf with dyuerse bisynesse, in goyng, in spekyng, and othir occupacions.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.44.16 : He sethede potage, and is fild, and is chaufid [WB(2): warmed; L calefactus est].
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)87b : The levis of this erbe will kepe the that þou shalt not chafe.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3669 : Thei..were so chaufed In here Armure That thei myght not for feble dure.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)77 : She was sore chaffede and hoote for the grete hete of the sunne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.503 : Til it [a stone] gynne Chawfe Of his Owne kynde.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)229/23 : Whan a man Is I-chafet by rynnynge or other mevynge, he wexet reede.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)283 : The day be-gan to chauffe, and the sonne was risen right high.
2a.
Physiol. & med. (a) To produce 'heat' in the body or an organ, relieve 'coldness'; chaufing medicine; (b) to inflame (an organ); ppl. inflamed, feverish, or putrified.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)36a/a : Þo farmaciez þat strongly chaufeþ or heteþ and drieþ.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)112a/b : Be he [lepre] war of lechery & of alle thyng þat may make hote or chaufe [L calefacere] the nature of hem.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)169a/b : An humour..turned in to coldnes & grosnez nedeþ to his saniacioun for to chaufe i. hote, and for to drien it is necessarie þat þe medicyne of it be hote and drie.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)97b/a : Softe chaufinge medecynes [*Ch.(1) calefactariez i. chaufours mollityuez] þe whiche maken superfluyte of blode to swage softely and insensibly.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273b/a : Þis burestis..chaufeþ [L inflammat] sodeinliche þe lyuere.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)27a/b : Þe feble particle i. membre chaufede [L calefacta] or akynge.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)99b/b : In the case..þat all þe bone were mortefied & chawfede [*Ch.(1): tabefacte i. made foule; L tabefactum]..leue it for it is incurable.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)186/582 : For the lyver that is chawfid..lat hyme blode off the vayn for the lyvere.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)38/25 : The corrupcion that descendith from the hede chavefith [vrr. chavfeth, chaveth] the lyvir, chargith the harte and filith the stomacke; it stoppith thentrailes and alterith all the body.
2b.
To rot, disintegrate.
Associated quotations
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2301 : They..bawmede þaire burliche kyngis, Lappede them in lede, lesse that they schulde Chawnge or chawffe.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3784 : Bi that þis flesche..was y-chaufed wel and hete, It stank so foule þat [etc.].
3.
(a) To warm (sth.) by rubbing, chafe; (b) to rub (a stone) so as to make it magnetic or charged with static electricity.
Associated quotations
a
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)61/29 : Bathe hym..& schafe his fete vndir-nethe & it sall do hym gude.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)338 : Yche man redy was to ryde, Chafyng ther hors vp and doune be the court syde.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.513 : Whanne this brid this ston hath fownde, Therwith..sche schawfeth hire so, til that hire cold be ful nygh Ago.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)295 : Chaufe with your hondes her [hawk's] fondement with luke water.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)69 marg. : To chafe thi gomes with the bytter barke of a tre.
- a1500 PParv.(KC 8)68 : Chafyn, or rubbyn: Frico, confrico.
b
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.195rb : Gagates is geet ston; if it be chafed it draweth motes & it is ligthest of alle stones; in grete Britayne groweth þe finest.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198a/b : Calcedonius..draweþ straw to it self if it is y hette and chaufed [L calefactus].
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)8/30 : If hit [jet] be welle rubbed & chaaffed & made hoot, hit wille..holdyne stille þyngus applied þerto.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.90 : Ðat ston [jet]..when he is chafed by rubbyng or by fretyng it draueþ to him þe strees þat ben abowte him.
4.
(a) To kindle (joy, desire); (b) to inspire (sb.), make fervent or passionate; (c) to rouse or provoke (sb.); (d) to grow or be excited, fervent, passionate, or provoked; ben chaufed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)128 : Inmyddez þe mete þe mayster..wolde..cherisch hem alle wyth his cher, and chaufen her joye.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)58/15 : Leude touchinge and handelyng sterith and chafithe the flesshe and the body.
b
- c1440 Ihesu cryste saynte (Thrn)53 : Ihesu þi lufe me chaufe with-in, So þat na thynge bot the I seke. In thi lufe make my saule to brynne!
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)160/16 : Sodenly þe Holy Gost so chafet hor hertys wyth fyre of loue, þat anon þay prechet and taght Godys word.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)3685 : A man shulde nat to moche assay To chafe hys frend out of measure.
c
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.68 : Medle we nat moche with hem to meeuen eny wratthe, Leste cheste chaufe ous so and choppe ech man oþere.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3105 : A Prince mot..his angir refreyne..Lest vnavisid commocioun Hym chaufe so [etc.].
d
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7135 : Oriens..gan arise of his swouȝ..Vp he lepe wiþ chaufed blod.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Esth.1.10 : Whan he was gladere cherid, and after to myche drinking was chaufid [L incaluisset] with win.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.Barlaam (Vrn)608 : Mi wille is chaufed but on hem [women] one.
- a1400 Prov.Wisd.(Bod 9)73 : Þow þou be chavfed, let it Kele.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)18.49 : Charite..sholde chaufen [vr. chafen] of hem self, And confortye alle cristene.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)28 : Whan þe boor is chaufed or wrooþ or hurt, þan he renneþ vpon al þing þat he seeþ.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174) : Þey turned fro him & fill to þe King of Fraunce; & whan Pryns Edward sawe þis, he was sore ychaufed & ygrevid.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2236 : They see þaire cheftayne be chauffede so sore.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5319 : Þan chawfis him þat chiftane & with himselfe chidis.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)173 : But a good knight whan he is hurt in the stour and chawfed, he is michel the more corageows.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)918/9 : He dranke..wyne..and therewith he was chaffett a lityll more than he oughte to be..hym thought she was the fayryst creature that ever he saw.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)460 : He was sore chaffed for anger.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)508 : He be-gan to kysse hir tendirly, that bothe thei be-gonne to chauffe as nature wolde, and fellen down on a grete bedde.
5.
(a) To scorn, upbraid, or reprimand (sb.); (b) ?to mishandle (sth.), bungle.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1424) Stonor1.35 : I wold full fayn þat he were chawfed.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest M.7 Boys (SeldSup 52)st.40 : Þe kyng was welnere wode, To be chawfyd with a chyld.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.89 : Eft sones chaufed sho hyre husbond wele werre, Saying he [David] couthe a king countrefete wele hardily.
b
- (1471) Paston (Gairdner)5.111 : Sende me worde hoghe ye doo with my Lady..ye have a lytell chaffyd it, but I can not tell howe.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Dc.45 Artist.Recipes (Dc 45) 148/16 : Take the luyerys of whytyng oþer of hondfysch and kepe þam tyl þay be a chaufyd; þanne take þe lyuerys and melt þam and þan hyt ys oyle.
Note: Additional quote, prob. sense 2b., 'putrified, rotted'.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1400 Trin-C O.9.39 Recipes (Trin-C O.9.39) 10/5 : Chawfe hit aȝen ouere þe fire.
- ?a1475 Cmb.Dd.5.76 Artist.Recipes (Cmb Dd.5.76) 222/32 : Set þi wessell with þi wax to kele, and when it es thorow colde, schafe þi wessel agayn.
Note: Additional quots., sense 1.(a). New spelling (chawfe & schafe).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.13ra (1.4) : When þe vryn is chaffede, þan þrouȝ myȝt and vertue and helpe of þe hete is þe decoccioun of crudite of humores in the vryn..complete, i. fulfillide.
Note: Additional quot., prob. sense 1.(a).
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.21va (1.4) : Fyn ale..chaufeth if it be noȝt ouerdone taken.
Note: Need date, sense 2a.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2a.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. chafing medicine.