Middle English Dictionary Entry

candel n.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
(a) A candle, a taper; wax ~ [see also wax n.(1), sense 2a.(a)]; (b) a medicinated candle; (c) a candelabrum; (d) fig. a star; ~ of jelousie, the sun.
1b.
(a) midsomeres ~, a candle used on Midsummer Eve; rolle ~, ?a twisted candle; studie ~, ?a study candle (used in the choir of a church); tenebres ~, a candle used at services of Tenebrae; wir (wired) ~, ?a candle designed to be fixed upon the pricket of a candlestick; ?a candle stiffened with wire [cp. wired ppl. (b)]; writhen ~, a twisted candle; (b) bi ~, by the light of candles, by candlelight; holden ~, to hold the candle (while sb. does sth.), act as a servant, be in an inferior or inactive position; lighten ~ at (someone's) lanterne, fig. to have intercourse with (another man's) wife; offeren ~, to present a lighted candle as an act of worship; setten ~ biforen the devel, to make an offering to the Devil, choose the least of two evils, compromise; tenden ~, to light a candle as as a votive offering in an act of Christian prayer;--used iron. with laumpe-light ~ and bok, with all of the ceremonies appropriate to baptism; bok and ~, ~ bok and belle [see bok n. (1), sense 4].
2.
(a) ~ bem, a bar or beam to which candles or lamps are fixed; ~ ende, ?the fag end of a candle; ~ quencheres (sheres), a pair of candle snuffers; ~ rishe, a candlewick; ~ snitinge, the burnt part of the candlewick; a candle snuff; ~ staf, the main shaft of a candelabrum; ~ stok, a candlestick; ~ weke, a candlewick [OE candel-wēoce]; the material from which wicks are made; ~ weke strete, Candlewickstreet (in London); (b) ~ weke (weke strete), a kind of cheap fabric; (c) ~ light, light from candles, candlelight; also, a lighted candle; also fig.; (d) ~ corn, ~ silver, a manorial rent: a payment of grain to an ecclesiastical landlord (?for the purchase of candles); also, a money payment in lieu of such rent; ~ livere, an allowance of (or for) candles; (e) ~ bering, the carrying of a candle at a service of worship; ~ tendinge, the time in the evening at which candles are lighted; (f) in place-names, surnames, and occupational names; ~ berere (lighter), an acolyte; ~ makere (man, wrighte), a maker of candles, a chandler; ~ wrighte strete, a street in London.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1450 12 PTrib.(3) (Bod 423)78/7 : Sory may he be that the candel of his knowing vseth al and dispendeth in othres vsage and in his owne dispendith noon.
  • Note: New meaning for sense 1a.(a).
    Note: Add "also fig. to existing gloss.
    Note: [F la chandoille de sa connoissance].--notes per MLL