Middle English Dictionary Entry
wrong adj.
Entry Info
Forms | wrong adj. Also wronge, (chiefly N or early) wrang(e & (in names) wronghe, wrom-, wroung, wranga-, wrank, wrain(e)-, wraung, warange-. |
Etymology | OE *wrang; ult. ON *wrangr (cp. OI rangr, Dan. vrang). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Contrary to what is morally right, wicked, sinful; ~ peril, Fig. a morally or spiritually entangling danger;
(b) of persons: given to vice, depraved; also, as noun: sinners, the wicked [2nd quot., 2nd occurrence].
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)12 : Ofte in song y haue hem set, þat is vnsemly…þat y haue of hem wroht, ywis hit is al wrong.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.67 : Whi wolde God…suffre such a worm In such a wrong wyse þe wommon to bi-gyle?
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)268 : Þenne founden þay fylþe in fleschlych dedez…And used hem…uch on on oþer…upon a wrange wyse.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)384 : Þer he dased in þat duste, with droppande teres, Wepande ful wonderly alle his wrange dedes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3552 : What hem list, be it wrong or riȝt, þei ay acheue.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)89 : Blissed be thei whos werkes wrong [L iniquitates] Be forgiuen.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)26 : The kyng…lete jugge the Duk off Gloucestre…that he myht…haunce his…malice ayens hem and ffulfille his wronge luste.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2248 : Wit þai wele þat þai sal cum To reknyng on þe day of dome…for hir warkes wrang.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)182 : Al the ocupacioun and the marchaundise of the world is a verry caribdis and a wrong [F entorteillant] perile.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)36/43 : On to us tweyn it doth longe hem to teche…Synne to for-sakyn and werkys wronge.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)503/347 : Thowe hasse deceyvyd men…and wychyd theym into a wrang wey.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)2204 : Mekil he [Nimrod] cuth of sin…Of babilon king…he was wrang werour…and manqueller.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.246 : Cryst at þe dom schal settyn þe wrong lyuerys on his lyft hond and þe ryȝtful lyuerys on his ryȝt hond &…drawyn þe ryȝtful from þe wronge, þe goode from þe wyckyd.
2.
(a) Contrary to what is just, not in accordance with justice; indefensible on legal grounds, unjustified, wrongful; also, contrary to what is licit or lawful, illegal; accomplished or acquired by unjust, unethical, or illegitimate means;
(b) of a monarch, an heir: not having a legitimate claim;
(c) of a person: inclined to act unjustly, displaying injustice; unfair, dishonest.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)982 : Wiþ wrong dede Þe raunsoun y taken is.
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)87 : Þou wringest mani wrang word Wiþ wanges ful wete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.19.13 : Þou shalt not do wrong chalenge to þy neyȝbor.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)14.260/126 : Þe Couent…seiden his penaunce was to strong, ffor atte ȝate is he to longe, And vs þinkeþ þat is wronge.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2906 : Coueyt nat þy neghbours þyng For to reue hyt hym wykkedly with wrong pleys.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)109/24 : What is more wrong þan to dampne an innocent as Crist was?
- ?c1400 PPl.Z (Bod 851)Prol.71 : Justices jugged that jeroures wolde schewe; Were hit wel, were hit wrong, here word most stande.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5994 : Prelates and prestes…wald noght in right rewel sette…Þe gudes spended þat God had þam lent, And of alle wrang haldyngs of gudes sere, Of whilk þai parted noght til other here Þat of þam had nede.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)4/3 : Greue þing will i noht stablis, na noht þat wrange es.
- c1450 Dives & P.(Lchf 35)43 : Of many maner theftes, wrong getynges.
- (1467) Paston (EETS)2.354 : Thomas Sammes and William Jebe…han amercyed me in the seid lete be-cause that I will not sufferyn hem and othir to make a wrong weye ouer my grounde.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.50 : We beth seruantis…ysent fro þe shiris to shewe what hem greueth…And to graunte of her gold…By no manere wronge way but if werre were.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)236 : Bot for wothe ne wele…I remewit neuer…For to dresse a wrange dome.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8007 : If þou loue…Worldly good forto wynne And reckest not wher þou it take…Thi wrong taking makeþ the Þat þou shalt ydampned be.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.186 : A prouerbe is of olde was wysemen kend, That wronge lawes make euer shorte lordes.
b
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2026 : Ȝyf a womman yn hordam do swyche outrage Þat a wrong eyre bere herytage…she þarfore may go to helle.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)176/7 : In þe lxi ȝere was a greuous bataile in Spayn betwix þe Prince Edward and Herry, þe wrong kyng of Spayn.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.3.12 : Wo to þe vnpitous man…my puple his plederes or wrong askers spoileden.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)115/113 : Þese were makers of mone with cursid entent, With wrong mokerers, false mesurs, and vsere.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)682 : There were…false vsurers, coyn wasshers…Wrong vsurpers, with gret extorcioners.
3.
(a) Contrary to approved practice or conduct, ill-advised, injudicious; imprudently or badly done; also, not in accordance with suitable behavior, inappropriate;
(b) of a person, the will: tending to act inappropriately or perversely, contrary; also, imprudent [1st quot.];
(c) of one of a pair or set of items, entities, notions, etc.: less desirable, less suitable, less apt; also, glossing L sinister: left; ~ half, the inside surface (of a glove); ~ halved, q.v.; ~ to, opposed to (sth.), contrary or inimical to.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)735 : Ȝe haue him teched on wrang manere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.189 : What goost may yow enspyre, This womman thus to shilde, and don us leese Daun Antenor—a wrong wey now ye chese—That is so wys and ek so bold baroun?
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)69a/b : It is vnriȝt or wronge for to trowe to one afore oþer wiþ out demonstracioun.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.109 : Kitte of euery roten thyng or drie For grene yf that me kitte of, that is wronge—That sleeth hem vp.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)350/26 : Thanne to þis werke vs muste take heede, So þat oure wirkyng be noght wronge.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)407 : ‘Nay,’ quod the Hors, ‘your request is wrong.’
b
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1494 : I were wrang, i-wysse, ȝif I profered.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)17b/a : Contumax: proud, wrong, froward.
- a1500 Awntyrs Arth.(Dc 324)421 : Þau has wonene hem in werre, with a wrange wille.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)204/33 : His uless…is wrang to þe goste, ase zayþ zaynte paul.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)18 : Awke, or wronge: Sinister.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1480 : Wrothely on the wrange hande sir Gawayne he strykkes Wyth a wapen of were.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)78/1 : A-noynte þe wrong halff of a peire glouys and lat hym þat haþ þe schabed handys, vse qweche glouys.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)99 : Mete…Yf hit go þy wrang throte into And stoppe þy wynde, þou art fordo.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)161 : Thow lokist at a wronge hole; þy wordes bethe in wast.
4.
Not in accordance with or contrary to fact, reality, objective or accepted truth, etc., inaccurate, mistaken; ill-informed, logically flawed; also, of a dream: illusory.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)159/17 : Yef þe onderstondingge is wrong…al þe inwyt ssel by þiestre.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)706 : Ich am a mad man…forto wene in þis wise þis wrong metyng soþe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1214 : For ye shul han no mysbileue Ne wrong conceite of me in youre absence, I ne wol nat been out of youre presence.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3141 : Afterwarde men putte me in blame Þoruȝ false reporte & wrong oppinioun.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.804 : Allas, conceytes wronge—What harm they don!
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)42/22 : In hir pouste loke þat þare be nane vtrage in…þat þai fle ne falle in wrang trouȝ.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)34/30 : And ȝe haffand in vs a wrange consayte, blamez vs.
- a1450(?1419-20) Topias (Dgb 41)77/152 : Wiclif…with wrong wrytyng…wrouȝte mykil care, And…foul fel from þe chirche.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3062 : Holy wryt it is ful wronge But Mercy pase alle þynge.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9908 : Gold was no more to be mett þen oþer metall ys vs amang; To tell þe lele with outyn lett, sum suld suppose my wordes ware wrang.
5.
(a) Deviating from the straight, crooked, bent, curved; of a bird’s bill: hooked; of someone’s nose or teeth: imperfect in shape or alignment, crooked, malformed; of a person: bent, deformed [quot. c1450];
(b) deviating from an intended or a proper course; also, in fig. context: departing from the proper way of thinking [1st quot.];
(c) deviating from the proper shape;
(d) out of order, disordered; also, amiss.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9207 : All þatt ohht iss wrang & crumb Shall effnedd beon & rihhtedd.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)62 : His bec is get biforn wrong…Ne maig he tilen him non fode.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6437 : Anoþere folk…haue visages eue-long, And snatted nosen þat ben wrong.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Lev.21.19 : A man…schal not offre breed to his God…if he is ether of litil ether of greet and wrong nose.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)11b/a : Camur: wrong.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)104 : Crokyd, or wronge: Curvus.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)122/17 : Loke…þat þy place…be noȝt ful of streyȝte and wrange weyes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)19234 : He was boþe blak & long, a gret large berd, his nese was wrong.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)152 : J stumblede…and spaveyned me…Boistows j am and haltinge and wronge [F torte].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)19656 : Al thys frowardnesse Ys tookned by the crookydnesse…off my crok, Wrong at the ende, as ys an hook.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.245 : Þe bowe is mad of two þingis: of a wrong tre and of a ryȝt stryng.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.246 : Þe archer in hys schetynge takith þe wronge tre in his lyft hond & þe ryȝt stryng in his ryȝt hond and drawith hem onsondre.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4116 : A beest…haþ a greet heed and a long And many croked teeþ and wrong.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1818 : Want of siȝt made þe [to] slydre, þoruȝ myst of errour falsely to forveye By pathis wrong from þe riȝte weye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)197 : Glacynge, or wronge glydynge of boltys or arowys: Devolatus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)527 : Wylgate, or wronge gate: Deviacio.
c
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)517 : Warpynge of vessel þat wax wronge or avelonge: Oblongacio.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)534 : Wronge, or avelonge: Oblongus.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.493 : He, þoruȝ whom al is wronge & kourbid, Of my desire hath þe fyn perturbid.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2856 : Werld, my wyt waxyt wronge.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)80/3 : Y trow there be sum thinge wronge with you…ye aile sumwhat.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)28/188 : If any thyng wrang be, Soyne is she wroth.
6.
(a) In surnames;
(b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.278].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1153) Coucher Bk.Kirkstall,52 : Confirmo donacionem terre quam eis fecerunt Rogerus de Wrangebroc et Henricus Walensis.
- (1202) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames394 : Ailnoth Wrang.
- (1226) Feet Fines Sus.in Sus.RS 2 ()53 : Walterus le Wrange.
- (1275) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames394 : John Wrong.
- (1279) Pat.R.Edw.I349 : John Wrangetayl.
- (1299) in Sundby Dial.Wor.249 : Joh. Wronghine.
- (1300) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.632 : Thomas Wrangservise.
- (1316) Name in LuSE 78 ()17 : Le Wraung.
- (1321-2) in Sundby Dial.Wor.249 : Henr. Wrang.
- (1321-2) in Sundby Dial.Wor.249 : Henr. Wrank.
- (1322) Chart.Cumbwell in Archaeol.Cant.6 ()193 : Johannis le Wronghe.
- (1336) Nickname in SAU 63 ()207 : William le Wrounge.
- (1337) Pat.R.Edw.III453 : Henry Wrombayn.
b
- (1158-72) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.) ()37 : Warangebroc.
- (1166) in Pipe R.Soc.965 : Wrangedichh[un]dr[ed] deb. xl s., [etc.].
- (1198) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.923 : Terra in eadem uilla s. ad Wrangaker i acr’. et i rodam.
- (1200) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.)37 : Wrainbroc.
- (1230) in Ekwall PNLan.()140 : Wrangepul.
- (a1252) Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.1 ()353 : Dominicum Abbatis de Wystowe consistit in subscriptis culturis…Wolstonescroft…Wrongelande…Novum Stockynge.
- (1290) Deed Yks.in YASRS 69 ()45 : [Two acres on] le Wrangakere.
- (1313) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)134 : Wrangaworth.
- (1379) EPNSoc.31 (West Riding Yks.)37 : Wraynebrok.
- (1453-4) in Rec.B.Nottingham 2 ()412 : [A plot of land called] Wronglandes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Henry Daniel's Herbal applies the adjective to plant stalks several times, with the meaning 'bent, crooked' (sense 5.(a); sometimes specified as 'like a knee'). Cp. wrongish adj.