Middle English Dictionary Entry

wīnden v.(1)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) To move suddenly or forcefully: dash, charge, crash down, leap, fly up, fly apart, etc. [the precise gloss is largely dependent on the context]; also fig.; ~ a twein (in two, a thre); ~ awei (up); ~ oute, of blood: gush; ~ up bihinde, ?thrust up from behind; ?kick from the rear; (b) to go, advance, move forth; also, refl. betake oneself; of time: progress [quot. a1398]; ~ atwinne, part; ~ awei, of the world: pass away; ~ ayen, of a season: come back, return; (c) to flick (the tongue); also, swing (a blow); (d) to guide (sb.), lead, direct.
2.
(a) To revolve, turn; move in a circular pattern; ~ (rounde) abouten, move, go, or fly around (sth.); ~ up and doun, fig. of a thought: revolve in the mind; ppl. windinge, fig. variable, inconstant; also, as adv.: with a circular motion [last quot.]; (b) to move restlessly, toss and turn;—also refl.; also, writhe; walwen and ~; ppl. windinge as adj.: raving, manic, furious; windinge wode; (c) to pursue a twisting, meandering course; also, veer; (d) to wrench free, extricate oneself; also fig.; ~ (ben wounden) awei; (e) ppl. windinge as adj.: ?vibrating, reverberating.
3.
(a) To bend, turn [1st quot.]; use a twisting and turning motion [2nd quot.]; also, bend (sth.), twist; ~ togeder, wring (sth.); (b) ~ rounde, refl. to coil; ppl. windinge, spiraling; ppl. wounden as adj.: coiled; (c) to mold or form (sth.) by turning in one’s hands; ~ togeder, pack (sth.) together; (d) to stir (ingredients) together, mix.
4.
(a) To enshroud (a corpse or dead person); swaddle (an infant); enwrap (a corpse in a winding sheet, an infant in swaddling clothes, etc.); also in fig. context; (b) to cover (sb. or sth.);—used fig.; clothe (sb. in a garment), dress; fig. clothe (sb. or oneself in flesh); also, fig. conceal (oneself or a sin in a deceptive covering), disguise, mask; ppl. wounden as adj.: fig. formed; (c) to wrap (sth. in sth. else), enfold; also fig. [1st quot.]; (d) to engulf (sb. in tears); fig. embroil (sb. in sin, folly, etc.), involve; engulf (sb., sth., or oneself in sorrow, riches, etc.); also, of the soul: immerse (itself in Christ’s blood;. (e) to enclose (someone's body in a coffin), encase.
5.
(a) To encircle (sb., sth., a bird), embrace; ~ abouten, surround (a garden), enclose; wounden al abouten, encircled; (b) to wrap (sth. around or about sb. or sth.);—also without obj. [quot. c1475, 2nd, 2nd occurrence]; wind (a bandage) about part of the body; ~ up, wind (a fish spine) about one’s finger or hand; (c) to engage in spinning thread [quot. c1400]; wrap (thread, twine, etc.) around something or upon itself; produce (a spool, spindle, or ball of thread or yarn) by wrapping thread or yarn around something or upon itself; (d) to interlace (sth. with sth. else); also, ?weave (sth.) [quot. 1463-4]; ~ al togeder, plait (leaves); ~ togeder (togederes), fasten (two things) together by intertwining, join inextricably; ppl. wounden as adj.: intertwined; (e) to bind (sth. with sth.); fig. place (a restraint around sb. or a city); also, secure (God in one’s heart).
6.
(a) To lift or lower (a bridge, etc.) using some type of winch; hoist (water, a sail, etc.), prob. with some type of winch; also fig.; ~ in (up, up and doun); ppl. windinge as adj.: capable of being raised; (b) to maintain or activate (a clock) by resetting its weights, possibly by turning some type of crank mechanism; ~ up, lift and reset (a clock’s weights).
7.
In surname and place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.281.]

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)258 : At Salysbury he made a justynge..Erles and barons..At home ne dwelled neuer one. On forfeyture, on lyfe and londe, For nothynge that they ne wonde[B vr.: wande; rimes: londe, understonde, Englonde]..they came all at his wyll His commaundemente to fulfyll.
  • Note: New spelling: add wonde and wande to past tense forms.
    Note: Belongs to sense 1.(b) under winden v.(1). (?But may belong to wenden v., sense 2a.(a).)--per MLL
  • a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)230 : The gattys off yron ther he fonde Ther in Torrent gan wonde; A nyghtes Rest ther in he take.
  • Note: New spelling: Also..(?error) wonde
    Note: Belongs to sense 1.(b). See a1450 quot.: 'Into the tent he him wond.' (?But may belong to wenden v., sense 2a.(a).)--per MLL